December phenomena of animate and inanimate nature. Natural phenomena (grade 2, the world around) - examples of living and non-living

Natural phenomena characterize the weather with seasonal changes in nature and are observed in certain seasons of the year. Each season has its own distinctive weather conditions nature: flowering in spring, thunderstorm in summer, leaf fall in autumn and snow in winter.

winter phenomena in inanimate nature:
1. Thaw
2. Ice
3. Snowfall
4. Snowstorm
5. Frost.

Winter is a harsh time, especially in northern latitudes our hemisphere. Its calendar time is known, but it often happens that the first signs of winter come much earlier. slushy november weather is replaced by December frosts, fettering reservoirs, dressing the earth in a fluffy snow blanket. The days are getting shorter and the nights are dragging on in anticipation of the first ray of sunshine.

The shortest day falls on the period winter solstice. It is December 21st on the night of the 22nd. The shortest day and the longest night. From this time, the countdown begins and the daytime increases, reducing the nighttime.
The clouds sink lower, becoming heavy, gray with overflowing moisture. There is no lightness and accuracy in them, they cover the entire winter sky, filling the air with the smell of moisture and freshness. It is they who bring heavy snowfalls, covering the ground with meter-long snowdrifts.

Snow is winter precipitation. In winter, they cover everything around with a dense blanket, creating a kind of microclimate that helps plants and small animals survive the harsh cold. The lower the air temperature, the looser the snow flooring becomes, it crunches harder underfoot and pricks when touched.

In calm weather, snow falls in large snowflakes, with increasing intensity, the snow turns into a blizzard - the most formidable winter natural phenomenon. It occurs when the first gust of wind appears. He lifts the snow cover and carries it, dragging him along. In nature, there are high and low snowstorms, depending on the redistribution air masses. Usually, heavy snowstorms occur in the middle of winter, at the peak of seasonal temperatures. It is on this natural phenomenon that the formation of a snowy landscape depends: the snow blown by the wind takes on bizarre forms of snowdrifts.

Frequent travel companion winter weather- ice. This is an ice crust that forms on any surface after a sharp temperature drop. Wet snow, rain before severe frost can provoke its appearance. As a rule, it is ice that binds the entire area of ​​​​small streams, other sources of moisture, so it does not have to rain for it to appear.
If in winter there are severe long frosts, they fetter the deepest reservoirs, which freeze through to very decent depths, and this is how freezing begins, paralyzing navigation. The ice will break only with a strong warming, when the rays of the sun begin to warm up its firmament.

Frost refers to hazards nature. They can be installed on for a long time, if the winter anticyclone dominates in the district. As a rule, abnormal frosts are a rare phenomenon. Deviation from the usual norm does not occur everywhere and not always. Low temperatures can cause significant damage agriculture and provoke an emergency, so all utilities are on alert in winter.

Another indispensable attribute of winter is an icicle - a cone-shaped piece of ice that hangs from any plane. During the day, the sun warms the snow, it begins to melt and leak, and at night the frost intensifies, everything around freezes. The mass of the icicle grows as the snow melts, then it collapses from its own weight and crumbles on impact with the ground.

It is from the melting of icicles that a smooth transition to spring begins, when the air temperature gradually rises, the days become longer, and frosty patterns disappear, seeping melt water into the warmed earth.
Snow is a winter sight precipitation. It has its own crystalline structure, which is based on frozen microscopic drops of water. When a drop passes through the cold atmospheric layers of air and falls to the ground, it freezes and overgrows with its fellows, clinging to them, forming six-pointed snowflakes. This form is due to the physical laws of water freezing.

What is snow made of?
Each of the snowflakes rarely exceeds 5 mm in size, but the openwork weave of the faces can be the most diverse. It is still not clear why each snowflake is not similar to each other, why each of them has perfect symmetry. Today it has already been proven that all snowflakes have clear geometric lines that are combined in a hexagonal format, it is the hexagonal shape that the water molecule itself has, therefore, freezing in the clouds and turning into an ice crystal, water forms along this principle, capturing other molecules in close proximity along the chain.

The bizarre shape is affected by both the temperature of the air and the indicator of its humidity. But no one today doubts that a snowflake is essentially the links of one chain of a frozen water molecule. The contours of the snowflake itself are angular. The tips most likely resemble sharp tips or needles. And they are all different, each snowflake has its own pointed pattern. Today there is no answer to the question why this is happening. Perhaps we will soon witness new scientific discoveries, which will reveal to us the secret of geometric symmetry and dissimilarity of snowflakes.

The presence of snow plays an important role. A blanket of snow wraps the earth in a thick layer of white veil. It keeps heat and does not allow plants and small animals to die. Without it, winter crops will die, there will be no harvest, bread will not be born. Snow creates that necessary supply of moisture, which is so important during spring awakening. Therefore, the importance of snow cannot be overestimated.

Winter is a harsh time, especially in the northern latitudes of our hemisphere. Its calendar time is known, but it often happens that the first signs of winter come much earlier. Muddy November weather gives way to December frosts, fettering reservoirs, dressing the earth in a fluffy snow blanket. The days are getting shorter and the nights are dragging on in anticipation of the first ray of sunshine.

The most common natural phenomena in winter:

The shortest day falls on the period winter solstice. It is December 21st on the night of the 22nd. The shortest day and the longest night. From this time, the countdown begins and the daytime increases, reducing the nighttime.

Clouds sink lower, become heavy, gray from overflowing moisture. There is no lightness and accuracy in them, they cover the entire winter sky, filling the air with the smell of moisture and freshness. It is they who bring heavy snowfalls, covering the ground with meter-long snowdrifts.

This is winter precipitation. In winter, they cover everything around with a dense blanket, creating a kind of microclimate that helps plants and small animals survive the harsh cold. The lower the air temperature, the looser the snow flooring becomes, it crunches harder underfoot and pricks when touched.

In calm weather, snow falls in large snowflakes, with increasing intensity, the snow turns into blizzard- the most formidable winter phenomenon of nature. It occurs when the first gust of wind appears. He lifts the snow cover and carries it, dragging him along. In nature, a high and low snowstorm is distinguished depending on the redistribution of air masses. As a rule, strong snowstorms occur in the middle of winter, at the very peak of seasonal temperatures. It is on this natural phenomenon that the formation of a snowy landscape depends: the snow blown by the wind takes on bizarre forms of snowdrifts.

Frequent companion of winter weather - sleet. This is an ice crust that forms on any surface after a sharp temperature drop. Wet snow, rain before severe frost can provoke its appearance. As a rule, it is ice that binds the entire area of ​​​​small streams, other sources of moisture, so it does not have to rain for it to appear.

If there are severe long frosts in winter, they fetter the deepest reservoirs, which freeze through to very decent depths, this is how freeze-up paralyzing shipping. The ice will break only with a strong warming, when the rays of the sun begin to warm up its firmament.

frosts are classified as natural hazards. They can be installed for a long time if a winter anticyclone dominates in the district. As a rule, abnormal frosts are a rare phenomenon. Deviation from the usual norm does not occur everywhere and not always. Low temperatures can cause significant damage to agriculture and provoke an emergency, so all utilities are on alert in winter.

Another indispensable attribute of winter - icicle- a piece of ice cone-shaped, which hangs from any plane. During the day, the sun warms the snow, it begins to melt and leak, and at night the frost intensifies, everything around freezes. The mass of the icicle grows as the snow melts, then it collapses from its own weight and crumbles on impact with the ground.

It is with the melting of icicles that a smooth transition to spring as the air temperature gradually rises, the days become longer and Frost patterns disappear, seeping melt water into the heated ground.

Hello everyone, the leaves have fallen from the trees for a long time, there is crisp ice in the puddles, the chirping of birds is not heard - these are the main signs of winter in wildlife saying that winter is coming. Do you want to know what happens in nature on the threshold of winter? How do trees, birds, animals, insects, fish prepare for winter? Surprise your friends with knowledge about wildlife?

How often does someone ask: - When will winter come? Tired of this autumn slush ...

Quote from Pushkin: - That year it stood for a long time in the yard, Winter was waiting, nature was waiting ..., answer - In fact, the signs of winter are already everywhere in nature.

To be able to determine the onset of winter in nature, one can only observe the changes in nature, where everything is interconnected - winter and summer, spring and autumn.

The first signs of winter can be identified by all living beings.

It is still far from the cold weather and there is no snow with frost, but it is already clear that winter is on the threshold.

1. The days are getting shorter, the nights are longer and colder, the slanting rays of the sun cannot warm the earth during the day.
2. The clouds hang low, become heavy, sad gray, filling the whole sky.
3. The air is humid and cold.
4. An ice crust appears on the puddles.

How plants meet winter

Trees and shrubs show the main signs of approaching winter. Waiting for a cold winter , trees not only shed their leaves, under their bark, by winter, cork fabric has thickened and added over the summer, which keeps heat inside the trunk, like a double-glazed window.

They shed their leaves, taking care of themselves: under the cover of last year's foliage, the roots will freeze less. Trees in winter and shrubs "fall asleep" so as not to waste energy and nutrients for vitality.

What are the signs of approaching winter? herbaceous plants?

• Annual plants die off by dropping seeds into the ground. Next spring, in the warm earth, the seeds that have lain all winter under the snow will again give life to the plant.
• Perennial plants store nutrients in their rhizomes all summer long. Their bright summer greens turn yellow and fade. Some herbs retain color, even fruits (lingonberries and cranberries).

How do birds prepare for the cold?

It is not easy for birds in the cold, there is not enough food. To withstand and survive the cold, the bird needs to eat as much food as it weighs itself.

The birds' conversations in the forests fall silent, quiet and lifeless without their hubbub. The birds scattered to the south in search of food-rich lands. Many move closer to people's homes (tits and bullfinches).

Frost-resistant species of birds have “gone down” and prepared food.

Birds spend the night and look for food in the cold in flocks and flocks, in winter it is impossible for a bird alone: ​​together and from predators it is easier to protect yourself and look for food.

What do animals do in anticipation of frost

Most characteristics take place in the world of animals waiting for the onset of frost. Knowing about the onset of winter, many animals fall into hibernation- this is an adaptive mechanism of some species of animals and plants during winter and frost. Way not to die of hunger.

During hibernation or stupor, the body temperature of animals decreases, digestion stops, heart rhythms are rare, breathing is weak. Bears make warm and cozy dens for themselves. Other animals also hibernate: badgers and hedgehogs, raccoons and chipmunks, hamsters and dormice, the bats and snakes, frogs and lizards.

Who changes color, insulates a fur coat? Which of the animals does not wait warm weather in winter?

1. The hare changes the color of the skin from gray to a white warm new thing.
2. Squirrels put on winter outfits: their summer red sundresses are easy to see on gray tree trunks, because they turn gray, in this way they disguise themselves from predators.
3. And predators are disguised, a protective color will allow you to hunt more successfully. Arctic foxes from dark gray become snow-white. Weasels and weasels turn white.

Fur coats of animals become richer not only in terms of color, but grows towards winter, closer to the skin, a thick short undercoat, and it warms in winter frosts.

How do insects survive in winter?

Insects are also waiting for the onset of winter, preparing for it since the summer.

Ants hid deep underground, closed the entrances to the house, they are not visible. Ants huddle together and economically eat summer food supplies, waiting out the winter.

Wasps and bees seal the honeycombs, huddle in swarms, cover all the gaps of the nests with wax. They feed on honey.

Flies, butterflies and beetles will only smell: winter signs - hide under the bark of trees, clog in cracks, wait out frosts in a state similar to hibernation of animals, this state is also called suspended animation.

How fish and underwater inhabitants live under the ice

The temperature of the water in rivers and reservoirs decreases every day, ice freezes - it is clear to underwater inhabitants: winter comes according to the time of year. Under a layer of ice it becomes dark and there is not enough oxygen. All inhabitants have developed reflexes that help to survive the winter season.

Crayfish dig holes in the banks of rivers and lead an inactive way of existence, and female crayfish also bear eggs at this time.

Everyone is waiting for winter aquatic life. All summer fish accumulate fat, and spend it sparingly in winter.

• - There are such types of fish (carp and tench, catfish and crucian carp) that go to wintering pits at this time, where they bask side by side, being half asleep.
• - Active predators (pike, perch and zander) do not change their way of life even in winter.

How does one face winter?

Man is also an object of wildlife, so people are preparing and waiting for the onset of winter, trying to observe and learn from nature.

1. Purchase and wear appropriate clothing.
2. Houses and windows are insulated in various ways.
3. Stocks of food and firewood are being prepared.

Signs of winter to each other in sayings convey:

• The year ends and winter begins.
• A winter coat is no joke.
• In November, winter fights with autumn.

Winter is a difficult time for all living things in nature. Frosts, hard-to-reach food, short daylight hours - all this makes animals, birds, insects adapt and survive.

It is known that in especially difficult times, animals feel sorry for each other. For example, herbivorous fish gather in flocks and stand side by side in wintering pits all the cold time, and predatory fish don't touch them, that's .

People also take care of their smaller counterparts: they arrange feeders near their homes for birds and in forests for animals, they drill holes in lakes so that the fish have an influx of oxygen. Then in the summer it will be more fun under the chirping of birds and fishing will be more successful.

I hope you liked my short review the most important signs of winter in wildlife. Please write what other signs of winter you know in the comments. I would be very interested to know about them. And that's all for today. Allow me to say goodbye and see you again.

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Elena Novikova
Synopsis of the GCD "Winter phenomena in inanimate nature."

Topic: Winter phenomena in inanimate nature.

Target: Stimulate children's curiosity, the desire to study more deeply the phenomenon of nature (the properties of snow, support the manifestation of children's interest in experimentation, research.

Program content:

1. To form elementary ideas about the change in the position of the Earth relative to the Sun; an idea of ​​​​snow and its properties (snow melts in warmth, snow is not transparent, snow is white, snow has no smell).

2. Teach children to analyze, draw conclusions in the process of experimentation.

3. Activate speech through words: crust, water vapor, snow groats, magnifying glass, experiment. To improve the ability of children to answer the questions posed by the content of the story

4. Develop thinking, interest in winter natural phenomena, the desire to actively learn and act.

6. Wellness: a health-saving approach to educational activities.

preliminary work

1. Considering paintings on a winter theme

2. Reading poems about winter, snowflakes.

3. Observation of falling snow, snowflakes, playing with snow on walks.

4. Drawing snowflakes.

5. Cutting out snowflakes from napkins.

Materials and equipment

Dem. - models of planets (Sun and Earth); visual models of snowflakes with the designation of snow properties;

Sec. - disposable plates for snow (each table has a deep and flat plate, snow, magnifiers according to the number of children, half a cut apple on a napkin, a disposable spoon, three containers of water, circles of different colors, napkins and a towel.

Methodical methods: research method; problem statement and its resolution; modeling; reading fiction using the information-receptive method aimed at organizing the provision of perception of information memorization by children; musical accompaniment; imitation of movements; reflective method.

The course of directly educational activities

The teacher says: Guys, listen to the poem carefully and tell me if everything is correct in it.

"The days are getting shorter

The sun shines little.

Here comes the frost

And SPRING has arrived!

Educator: Guys, do you know why winter is coming?

Children:.

caregiver (summarizes children's answers) You and I know that our Earth is a planet, and it rotates around its axis, this is how our globe is turning now, and now imagine that it is the sun, and so the earth also rotates around the sun, like this. And now let's imagine that our planet is divided into four parts, the first will definitely come spring, the second summer, the third - autumn and the fourth winter. The one, the barrels of the earth that she closest to the warm sun is heated most of all - it’s summer here, in winter, of course, the sun also shines, only for three winter months the sun is farthest from the earth, so it heats less. This makes the winter colder, the days shorter and the nights longer.

Educator: And what happens in winter? One of the signs of winter is snow falling from the sky. Educator: There is such a story by Vladimir Arkhangelsky

"Snow fluffs are flying." Do you want to listen to it?

Children's answers.

Conversation with children on the content of the read story.

What kind of snowballs are we talking about?

What were the snowflakes like? ("Flower with six petals", "Asterisk with six rays")

Where have the scientists been? (in the clouds)

What did they see there? (they saw how snowflakes form)

What is a snowflake? (this is a frozen drop of water vapor)

How is crust formed? (hard crust on snow)

Who has a hard time moving around? Why?

And why does the hare rush along the crust like on a parquet?

Physical education "Winter sleep"

Quietly, quietly singing a fairy tale,

Winter swims at dusk (running in a circle on toes)

Covering with a warm blanket

Land and trees and houses.

Light snow swirls over the fields,

At midnight the stars fall from the sky.

Lowering furry eyelashes,

A dense forest slumbers in silence.

Golden owls sleep on Christmas trees

In the fabulous glow of the moon.

Snowdrifts sleep on the edge of the forest

Like big snow elephants.

Everything changes shape and color

Extinguish the windows of sleepy houses.

And, winter telling tales

Falls asleep slowly.

Educator: Want to learn more about snow. imagining the ones you are research scientists. And who are scientists? Let's sit at the tables. We will find out what kind of snow and what are its properties. And our assistant will be special device for research. Find it on your tables, what is this device called? (magnifier). What is a magnifying glass? (magnifying glass). What else do you see on the tables? (children's answers)

Educator: Guys, in the morning I brought snow to the group, but what happened to the snow? (melted) Why? (a snowflake with the image of 1 property is attached to the board, a drop of water is drawn on the snowflake: the snow melts in warmth). How are we going to explore the snow now? Where can we get it? (we will ask to bring a second caregiver using the magic word "please").Let's take a magnifying glass and carefully examine the melted snow. What do you see? (dirty water). Guys, why is the water dirty? (bring snow) Let's touch the snow, what does it feel like? (cold).Guys, I saw that some children eat snow. Are they doing the right thing? Why? Can you eat snow? (no, snow is cold and can be muddy).

Teacher: Let's do an experiment. Under your flat plates lie geometric figures, name them (circle, square). What color are they? Put one circle on an empty plate, we will put snow on top, and lower the other into the water. Where is cool visible, and where not? Why? (2 snowflakes are attached to the board: the snow is opaque - a closed eye is drawn)

Educator: Compare: what color is the water and snow (snow is white, water is colorless) And what else is white? (3 snowflakes are attached: white snow - cotton wool in the center of the snowflake).

Educator: Guys, how do you know if the snow smells? (need to sniff). Let's smell the apple first, which apple? (fragrant, fragrant). And now the snow (snow has no smell) (4 snowflakes are attached: snow has no smell - a nose is drawn on the snowflake)

Educator: Well done! You showed me so many experiences, and now I want to show you one more experience. Look, I have three jars. Pour into one cold water (the child is invited to check the temperature of the water, (cold). In the second we pour warm, but how do we get warm water, which water should be poured first: hot or cold, why? (cold then hot). In the third jar I will pour hot. In three jars, I will lower the snow at the same time. For this I need an assistant. Where did the snow melt faster and where slower? Conclusions. (the warmer the water, the faster the snow melted, the speed of snow melting depends on the temperature of the water).

Educator: Guys, now let's remember what properties snow has? (at the end of each experiment, snowflakes with the properties of snow were attached to the board). Draws the attention of children to the fact that snow is frozen droplets of water vapor. We know that snow turns into water, I have two drops, one smiles, the other is sad, if you liked ours educational activities take a smiling drop, if not, a sad one.

Related publications:

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Winter is a fierce time, especially in the north of the planet. Sometimes her appearance does not coincide with calendar time. The signs of winter can show up sooner. Muddy weather turns to frost, water bodies freeze, and the ground is covered with a white blanket of snow. The days during this period are short and the nights are cold.

The first signs of winter. Snow

nature calendar

Frost and snow appear in different ways. Nature has its own calendar, so the signs of winter are noticeable at different times of the year.

The timing of the annual seasons changes every year. Therefore, spring can come early or, conversely, late. This also happens in winter. Every year there can be a different amount of precipitation, there may be more clear or cloudy days, and the temperature can also present its own surprises.

It is important for many people to follow the fluctuations in nature. Gardeners, landowners, fishermen, hunters pay attention to them. Depends on weather conditions such industries:

• poultry farming;
• Agriculture;
• fishing;
• animal husbandry;
• sericulture;
• beekeeping.

End of winter

Winter doesn't last forever, it eventually comes to an end. The first thawed patches appear, the earth is visible. Previously, they can be seen on the slopes, and then - in the fields. But in the north, in the forests, snow can stay for a long time.

Migratory birds are starting to return home. The first to be seen are the rooks. But there are also places of their residence, from which they do not fly away, since there are no severe winters.

Beginning of winter in wildlife

There are signs of winter in wildlife. You can see the following changes:

1. Trees and bushes shed their leaves. This happens due to the fact that there is little light in winter, so they do not need this part. Only coniferous trees do not lose leaves, they fall out gradually so that new ones grow. These needles of Christmas trees, pines are covered with a coating that protects them from severe frosts.
2. In winter, there is little food. For this reason, animals, such as bears, hibernate. The ones that keep on leading active life, overgrown with a warm fur coat. Such changes will not allow them to freeze. By the way, the hare turns white for the winter, and the hedgehog finds a cozy place and sleeps there, curled up in a ball, until spring.
3. The number of birds decreases in winter, as migratory birds fly to regions where it is warmer. Only those who have adapted to eat remain different kinds stern. And many insects disappear in winter, so it becomes more difficult for birds to find food.

Such signs of winter in wildlife.

What is snow made of?

Snowflakes come in various sizes, but no more than 5 mm. And openwork weaving differs from each other, surprising with its uniqueness. There are different signs of winter, but snow is considered the most basic. Snowflakes are symmetrical, have clear geometric edges, connected in a hexagon. The water molecule has a hexagonal shape. Because of this, she, freezing in the clouds, reincarnates into small crystals. Formation occurs with the capture of neighboring molecules. Thus, a chain of frozen molecules is obtained.

The resulting shape is affected by air temperature, humidity. Snow in winter plays an important role, as it provides protection to the earth in cold weather, covering it with a blanket of snow. It allows you to keep warm, plants and small animals will not die in such conditions. If there is no snow, then winter crops will not produce a crop. Snow also retains moisture, which is needed in spring.

Games for kids to help recognize the start of winter

Many parents want their child to be able to quickly tell what signs of winter exist. You can teach him this by playing. At the same time, his mental abilities will develop and improve.

The first game is called "Homemade Lotto". It can be used for 3 year olds. Signs of winter for children will become clear, they will be able to talk about it. To do this, you need to make a lotto for every season. Pictures are collected on which signs of winter and other periods of the year are drawn. After that, you need to invite your child to choose from the drawings those associated with the winter period. The parent can take out pictures in turn, and the baby must determine the signs of the cold season. To make it interesting for the child, you can switch roles with him later. This will consolidate his knowledge. It is allowed to make mistakes so that the baby corrects his parent.

Like the previous game, you can write words on the cardboard: signs for the word "winter" and other seasons. The lesson is similar to the previous one, the child must collect words related to winter.

The game "What to wear" develops the baby's thoughts well. This will require clothing that should be worn in different time of the year. The child must choose from the pile only those things that are suitable for winter. The parent can also show one wardrobe attribute at a time, and the children draw a conclusion regarding it. The same game can be played with shoes. If there is concern that things will get dirty, pictures can be used. They should be wearing different clothes. For the child to develop logical thinking, you can ask why he chose a particular thing.

You can help recognize the signs of winter while walking. When the mother went for a walk with the baby outside, he can begin to talk about the changes that came with the advent of winter period. The parent can help the children by noticing that the dog's hair has become thicker, and smoke can be seen from the cottages, as the stove is heated there. The child will be aware that with the advent of winter it becomes cold, so these changes occur.

You can also play winter words. To do this, the participants alternately name the words associated with winter. For example, cold, snow, Santa Claus, Snowman and others. If someone does not know what word to say, he is out of the game. The last remaining participant becomes the winner.

So, there are many changes in the coming of winter. Each person should notice them, and children should be helped to see these signs.