Animals at different times of the year. how animals prepare for winter how animals prepare

Elena Mozgovaya

Open lesson on the topic:

How Animals Prepare for Winter

in senior preparatory group

Target: to reveal an idea of how animals in the forest prepare for winter, about the causes of changes in living and inanimate nature autumn.

Tasks: consolidate knowledge about wild animals and the signs of autumn, expand ideas about the lifestyle of forest animals in autumn, introduce how wild animals prepare for winter. Develop attention, memory, speech, imagination, fine motor skills hands, to cultivate curiosity, love for nature and wild animals, the ability to take care of her and her inhabitants.

Lesson progress:

I. Emotional mood:

Teacher's story: (music sounds)

Guys, on the day off I walked along the banks of the Bityug River. And there are so many colorful boats on the water: yellow, red, orange! They all came here by air. A boat will fly in, go down to the water and immediately sail. Many more will arrive today, tomorrow and the day after tomorrow. And then the boats will no longer arrive, and the river will freeze.

Tell us what kind of ships these are, and at what time of the year do they appear?

Children in autumn, boats are autumn leaves.

And what is the name of the phenomenon when leaves fall from trees?

Children are leaf fall.

II. Knowledge update:

Frost in the morning

In the groves - yellow leaf fall,

Leaves near the birch

They lie like a golden carpet.

What season is this poem about?

Children are about autumn.

Use of mnemonics

What changes occur in nature in autumn? I will show you the table, and you will tell about the changes in nature.

1. The sun hid behind the clouds, it often rains.

2. The day is shorter and the night is longer.

3. The leaves on the trees turned yellow.

4. A strong wind is blowing.

What changes are taking place in nature?

5. The birds flew away to warmer climes.

6. Animals are preparing for winter.

Guys, what would happen if winter immediately came after summer?

Children - everything in nature would immediately freeze, die, no one would have time to prepare for cold and hunger.

That's why autumn is needed. In autumn, all nature prepares for winter: trees, animals, and birds.

III. Motivation to work:

Letter from the forest

Oh guys! What's this?

Here is an envelope, large and yellow,

How did you find the envelope?

How did you get into our group?

Let's figure it out! Oh wait!

Our address is on the envelope,

Whose reverse?

From whom did the letter come?

Do you want to know?

Then you have to try

Guess all the riddles.

1. The beast is waddling

For raspberries and honey

He loves sweets very much.

And when autumn comes

Climbs into a hole until spring,

Where he sleeps and dreams. (bear)

2. Angry touchy

Lives in the wilderness of the forest.

Too many needles

And no threads? (hedgehog)

3. Who deftly jumps on the Christmas trees

And flies up to the oaks,

Who hides nuts in a hollow,

Dry mushrooms for the winter? (squirrel)

4. Red cheat

Hid under the tree.

The sly one is waiting for the hare.

What is her name? … (Fox)

5. All the time he prowls through the forest,

He is looking for someone in the bushes.

He clicks from the bushes with his teeth,

Who say this .... (wolf)

6. Who does not have a lair,

He doesn't need a hole.

Legs save from enemies

And from hunger - bark. (hare)

What are the names of all these animals?

Children - forest, animals, wild.

Why are animals called wild?

Children themselves get food, build a dwelling, live in the wild.

Tell me about them. I suggest you play. I put animal masks on you, and you name the signs of “your” animal.

Didactic exercise "Choose definitions"

Wolf, what are you? - I am gray, toothy, scary, ...

Bear, what are you? - I am brown, clumsy, clumsy, ...

Lisa, what are you? - cunning, fluffy, red, ...

Yozh, what are you? - I'm prickly, small, ...

Hare, what are you? - long-eared, shy, cowardly, small ...

Squirrel, what are you? - I'm red, fluffy, ...

And wild animals have children.

Many mothers in the world

And every mother has children.

We must come to the rescue

And find the right kids!

Didactic game "Find a Pair"

(pair up mother and cubs)

And this letter says...

Come to the autumn forest

We will be friends with you

have fun and play

We will be waiting for you!

Wild animals invite us to visit the forest.

Which one of you was in the forest?

IV. Journey to the autumn forest:

Let's go guys autumn forest and see how the animals prepare for winter.

Walking in the woods today

I invite you to go.

More interesting adventure

We guys can't find it.

Become friend after friend

Hold hands tightly

Along the paths, along the paths

Let's go for a walk in the forest.

And forest animals we are with you

We will definitely find it.

Here we are in the forest. Guys, let's remember the rules of behavior in the forest.

Children - do not leave garbage in the forest, do not break branches and trees, do not destroy bird nests and anthills, do not kindle fires.

And in the forest you need to be quiet, not make noise, otherwise you can scare the animals.

I wonder if we will see the animals in the forest that invited us to visit?

V. Encounter with animals:

Guys, look, someone is small, long-eared, shy ... sitting under a bush. Have you guessed who it is?

Children - yes, of course, this is a hare.

But he is very sad. What could have happened to him?

Children - the fox scared him, he was cold, there was no carrot ...

Let's cheer him up by calling him affectionately ....

Game "Say kindly"

Children - bunny, bunny, bunny, bunny.

How does a bunny prepare for winter?

Children - he sheds and his coat becomes fluffy, warm and white so that the hare is not noticeable on the white snow, and so that the fox and the wolf do not notice him. In autumn, the hare does not stockpile, because in winter it gnaws at the bark of trees and feeds on young twigs.

So he sat under a bush and changed his fur coat. And when he left, he did not find his friends. Let's help him find friends.

The game "Guess who it is?"

Brown, clumsy, clumsy .... (bear)

Small, prickly…. (hedgehog)

Tell me, guys, where did the hedgehog and the bear go?

Children - the hedgehog eats up mushrooms, mice, beetles, worms, finds a secluded shelter under the roots of trees, settles on dry leaves and moss, falls asleep for the whole winter until spring.

Let's find his mink.

Where is the bear?

Children - the bear also eats well in the fall. It accumulates fat under the skin, and in winter it hibernates.

Where does he sleep?

Children - he sleeps in a den, drags dry branches and leaves to keep warm. In winter, the lair will be filled with a snow blanket and the bear will be warm.

Why do they say that a bear sucks its paw?

Children - there is a change in the hard skin on the paw pads, while the old skin bursts, peels off, and itches a lot, and in order to somehow reduce these unpleasant sensations, the animal licks its paws.

Let's find his lair.

Look, some branches are moving, but there is no wind. Who could it be? Children are squirrels.

How did you know?

Children - mushrooms on a branch remained, traces under a tree, a hollow in a tree.

Let's find a squirrel.

Another small fluffy inhabitant of the forest, which changes the color of its coat for the winter.

The squirrel was red all summer, and by winter it becomes gray.

Where does the squirrel live?

Children are in a daze.

How did she prepare for winter?

Children - all summer and autumn she collected mushrooms, berries and hid them in various places. In winter, she looks for her reserves, but, unfortunately, she does not always find them. But in the place where the cones or nuts were hidden, a small sprout may appear in the spring and in a few years a new tree or bush will grow here.

VI. Physical education:

Little white bunny sits (squatted down)

And wiggles his ears. (show long ears with hands)

Bunny is cold to sit, (get up)

You need to warm up your paws. (stroking hands)

It's cold for a bunny to stand

Bunny needs to jump. (jumping in place)

Someone scared the bunny -

Bunny - jump - and ran away! (jump to teacher)

Guys, who could scare a bunny?

The children are the fox and the wolf.

it predatory beasts. If a hare is caught, it will not be good. The fox has a home - a hole, where she can hide from winter cold, and the wolf has a wolf's lair.

Do the fox and wolf need to change their fur coats for new, winter ones?

Children - of course, you need. In summer, we wear light clothes so that it is not hot, and in winter we put on warmer clothes, so the animals also have to change clothes. This does not mean that they take off their skins and put on new ones, they just grow a different, warmer fur.

What is the period when animals change their fur called?

Children - such a period in the life of animals is called molting.

But their coat color remains the same, because they have no one to hide and disguise themselves from, they are predators themselves. They walk through the forest in search of prey.

Let's say how the animals prepare for winter...

Game "One - many"

Not one wolf is preparing for winter, but many ... (wolves)

Not one hare, but many ... (hares)

Not one hedgehog, but many ... (hedgehogs)

Not one bear, but many ... (bears)

Not one squirrel, but many ... (protein)

Not one fox, but many ... (foxes)

And now the bunny invites you to relax and play.

To whom I throw the ball, he answers the question.

Name the family game

Hare father, hare mother, hare cub

Hedgehog dad, hedgehog mom, baby hedgehog

Papa bear, mama bear, cub

VII. Return to the group.

Our journey is over, but look at the mess in the clearing: empty bottles, packages. What is not necessary for nature.

Let's pick up the trash and take it home. Some of them may be useful for our studies. By the winter cold, we will make a feeder from a bottle for wintering birds, and we will store seeds in bags to feed our feathered guests.

One, two, three, turn around,

And be back in the group.

VIII. Create a collage.

What time of year comes after autumn.

Children are winter.

Now we know that our animals are ready for winter. And we will send them to the winter forest. (We divide into 2 subgroups)

1. Look at the picture winter forest and settle wild animals in your houses. Let's take figurines of wild animals and stick them where they live.

2. And here are subject pictures - houses for wild animals. distribute them among your dwellings.

Glue is collected carefully, we coat the entire figure of the animal. When pasted, press down with a napkin. Who has already pasted, carefully place the brush on the outlet.

(The work is accompanied by a musical sketch)

IX. Reflection:

We traveled through the forest, let's check what you remember:

What animals can we meet in the forest?

Which animal hibernates?

Who stocks up for the winter?

How do animals prepare for winter so that they are not cold?

Why do a hare and a squirrel change their coat color?

How does a bear insulate its den?

How does a hedgehog prepare for winter in autumn?

What wild animals of the forest can we meet in our region?

Children - fox, hedgehog, wolf, hare.

And what do not live in our region?

Children are a squirrel, a bear.

Occupation. Reading Bianchi "How animals prepare for winter."

Tasks:

1. Introduce children to the work.

2. Consolidate children's knowledge of wild animals;

3. To teach children to think logically, ask questions, make the right conclusions;

4. To develop speech activity in children, creative imagination, observation, ingenuity; develop an interest in nature.

Material: paintings depicting animals.

Course progress.

Introductory conversation. Puzzles

The teacher makes riddles about wild animals.

A ball of fur was winding in the forest,
What made the animals laugh.
And you take it and guess
Who made everyone laugh? Of course, … .
(BUNNY)

There is a mighty beast in the forests,
You, son, believe me!
Eats raspberries, loves honey.
Who will call me?
(BEAR)

I once saw in the forest
Dark red beauty.
She jumped on the branches
Apparently she was looking for bumps there.
(SQUIRREL)

My ears are on top:
long, big,
To hear the fox
I'm not even quiet.
(HARE)

She is very cunning.
I ate a kolobok in a fairy tale,
Hens steal, roosters.
Who is ready to name it?
(FOX)

What season is it now? Autumn.

What are the signs of autumn. (It's cold outside, the sun is weakly warm, it often rains, the leaves turn yellow and fall on the trees, people put on warm clothes, birds fly away to warmer climes, animals prepare for winter).

Let's remember how animals prepare for winter.

How does a hare prepare for winter? Changes from gray to white.

How does a bear prepare for winter? Goes to bed in a lair.

How does a squirrel prepare for winter? Prepares stocks of nuts, mushrooms, berries.

How does a hedgehog prepare for winter?

Emotional gymnastics "Turn around yourself and turn into a beast."

Children depict the behavior of animals: an angry, angry wolf, a cowardly bunny, a cunning fox, an alarmed squirrel.

Invite the children to listen to Bianchi's work.

How Animals Prepare for Winter. - V. BIANKI

In the forest, everyone prepares for winter in their own way.

Who could, flew away from hunger and cold on the wings. Those who are left are in a hurry to fill their pantries, preparing food supplies for the future.

Especially diligently dragging his short-tailed mice-voles. Many of them dug their winter holes right under the stacks of bread and steal grain every night.

Five or six paths lead to the hole, each path leading to its own entrance. Underground - a bedroom and several storerooms.

In winter, voles are going to sleep only in the most severe frosts.

Belkin dryer.

The squirrel took one of its round nests in the trees under the pantry. Here she has hazelnuts and cones stacked. In addition, the squirrel collects mushrooms - oilfish and birch trees. She puts them on broken knots of pines and dries them for future use. In winter, she will wander through the branches of trees and be supported by dried mushrooms.

They hide.

It's getting cold, it's getting cold! The water freezes in the pond.

The tailed newt left the pond for the forest and hid under the bark of a rotten stump.

Frogs dive, clog in the silt. Snakes burrow under roots and moss.

It's getting hungry, hungry!

Bats hide in hollows, caves, attics. They already have nothing to eat, butterflies, flies, mosquitoes have disappeared.

A fat badger comes out of its warm and clean hole less and less.

Ants clog the entrances and exits of their high city. They huddle in heaps in the very depths of it, where it is warmer.

Fish flocks pile up in whirlpools and deep underwater pits.

The frost is not great, but it does not allow you to yawn - as soon as it breaks out, winter forges the earth and water with ice at once. Where are you going then?

Instruction

First of all, rodents begin to prepare for the cold: mice, marmots, ferrets and others. Even in summer, they collect stocks of grains and nuts throughout the forest and lay them in the storerooms of their holes. This allows them to calmly survive the winter without protruding outside. They spend almost the entire winter hut and interrupt this calm occupation only in order to refresh themselves. If there are plenty of stocks, and no predators disturb them, rodents will calmly survive even the most severe frosts.

Beavers living in families build huts from branches near water bodies in advance. They insulate their house with moss and silt, and make the entrance to it under water. Near the house, they stack their winter food - tree branches. Beyond them, beavers are rooted aquatic plants. Squirrels also do not hibernate, although during cold weather they spend quite a lot of time in their own, which they build inside trees or in empty bird nests. For the winter, the squirrel stores mushrooms, acorns, nuts and hides them at the roots of trees or stumps. And this rodent also changes its fur coat from red to gray - for disguise.

Equip their home in advance and. They arrange in natural caves, ravines or depressions at the roots of trees, into which they drag branches, grass, moss, and then cover everything with fluffy spruce branches. The fallen snow serves the bear in good stead - it perfectly masks the den and keeps it relatively warm inside. Unlike rodents, this animal does not store food, but with the onset of autumn, it begins to eat a lot in order to save up for the winter. a large number of fat. Then he can sleep peacefully until spring.

In winter, animals keep warm in different ways. They are warmed by fur, wool, layers of fat that protect the skin from hypothermia and internal organs. also in winter period the metabolism of animals that do not hibernate becomes more intense, increasing the production of heat in the body and compensating for heat loss.

Winter animal life

AT winter time forest animals try to hide from the piercing wind and cold. Some animals use burrows or natural shelters for this. Tree inhabitants settle down for the winter in hollows, which are found in the trunks of thick trees. But, for example, he falls asleep in a den for almost the whole winter, so for him the problem of providing food and water is not urgent.

Both carnivores and herbivores tend to spend less time outdoors. But from time to time, hunger still makes the animals leave secluded places and go in search of food. It is difficult for predators who are forced to overcome in pursuit of prey. Yes, and it is difficult for small animals to dig through the thickness of the snow to the delicious stems of shrubs.

Most often, herbivores are content with the bark and young shoots of plants.

What do forest animals drink in winter?

When a stable snow cover is established, it becomes increasingly difficult for forest animals to reach the water. They find a way out of the situation in the literal sense of this under their feet. To quench their thirst, animals lick or eat snow. This method, of course, cannot be called very convenient, but it helps animals to make up for the lack of fluid in the body.

For some animals, only the moisture that enters the body along with plant and other foods is enough.

The most difficult thing in winter is the boar. AT summer time representatives of this species drink more often and more than other animals. For this reason, wild boars try to stay closer to water bodies in summer. The need for water forced them to use the most juicy and liquid-rich food for food. Even in winter, wild pigs make up for the lack of water, looking for juicy rhizomes under a layer of snow. Together with such food, wild boars, like other animals, actively eat snow.

Fortunately for forest animals, not all water bodies are covered with ice in winter. Almost always, animals can find polynyas or other open spaces where the water flows. Very often, animals make real paths to the places of such a watering place, clearly visible in the snow. This sign is often used by hunters who, in search of game, are guided by those places in the forest where there is access to open water.

In those forests where developed hunting ground, very often hunters and hunters try to take measures in order to provide animals with water in an artificial way in difficult times. For this purpose, holes are made in the reservoirs, and in forest areas install drinkers. They also try to include succulent feeds that contain some amount of water in feeding animals.

Related videos

The wind rips lonely leaves from the trees, makes noise, laughs at night in the pipes. Dull throws his small splashes on the ground. Autumn. She undresses the forest, cools the water. Increasingly, in the mornings, Luzkytsy are covered with brittle ice. But the snowflakes were spinning and dancing. Winter is coming soon! Those who are supposed to have left. These are many birds, some,. They rushed south for the winter. But there are a lot of those who stayed at home. Deep under water huddled in the corners of the fish. Insects, spiders, centipedes hid. The newt, which lived all summer in the pond, crawled out onto land, looking for a comfortable place in the moss.

Prepared for winter and the trees dropped their leaves. But annual grasses not only took care of themselves, but also of their offspring: they scattered the seeds. So they will winter under the snow until next spring.

The animals are in a hurry. Some dress in warm fur coats, others rush to fill their pantries, prepare food for the future. And there are those who are their own pantry. , badger and many animals sleep all winter. In the meantime, they accumulate fat. They're in a hurry. There is no time to rest: the frost will strike, forge the earth, where will you get food then, where will you hide? Everyone prepares, and each in his own way. Pyotr Petrovich Smolin, a great connoisseur of nature, will tell you about this.

During the harvest years of pine nuts, autumn is a real holiday for all forest dwellers. Who just does not regale on delicious, satisfying nuts! And bears, and, and chipmunks, and baby red voles. Yes, they not only regale themselves, but also make stocks. The striped chipmunk stuffs his "pockets" - cheek pouches with nuts and drags them to a secluded place, under a stone slab. True, shelter is not always reliable. A clumsy bear will track down a hardworking animal, turn a stone over with a powerful paw and eat all the chipmunk stocks. And if the owner of the pantry gapes, then he himself will go for a snack to the shaggy robber. The owner of the taiga is not too lazy to climb a tree himself, eat nuts directly from the branches, leaving a pile of broken branches after his “dinner”.

But not the bear gets the bulk of the nuts. The main guest of the cedar feast is the nutcrackers, elegant relatives of jackdaws and crows. Their beautiful dark brown plumage, like pearls, is dotted with white spots. A flock of nutcrackers will fly in - and the cones will be empty in an instant. Do not think that nutcrackers are such gluttons. They eat only part of the nuts, they hide the rest in reserve, sometimes taking them away from their native places. But feathered harvesters do not always eat up their stocks. Often they forget where they hid them and never find them. And "settlers" begin to grow in new places. And then ... The inhabitants of the highlands carry the nuts of the "new settlers" farther and farther. As a result, in the vast expanses - from Lake Baikal to the upper reaches of the Lena, there is a zone of cedar stlanets - a high-mountain cedar bush. He moved to Kamchatka and Sakhalin. So the forest workers do not know what to do: whether to thank the nutcracker for her diligence, or to prosecute for the destruction of nuts. Of course, you should not pursue the nutcracker, but you need to learn how to scare it away.

GRAIN PROCESSERS

Most quadrupeds wear modest attire. But there are exceptions to every rule. And such an exception among small animals is considered to be a hamster. It has a jet-black chest and abdomen, white paws, white spots on the muzzle and sides on a bright red background and a yellow-gray back. As if showing off, he often becomes a column, showing his colorful outfit. It is not in vain that the hamster dressed up so much, and it is not in vain that he flaunts his outfit.

In the winter snowy season, each animal tells about itself with the traces of its paws. But no matter how you look, you will not find hamster tracks in the snow. This doesn't happen. A hamster sits deep in a hole in winter, but does not sleep, like marmots, ground squirrels and jerboas. He prepared in advance for a difficult time, and now he does not care about winter.

At the end of summer and autumn, the hamster has a hard time - the season of grain harvesting. Near his house, he digs capacious storerooms and fills them with selected grain. Not without reason, when a hamster's reserves are found, its grain goes to the seed fund. Hamster's paws work tirelessly, peeling grain from spikelets. And the animal carries it in voluminous cheek pouches. With tightly stuffed "pockets" the hamster hurries to the pantry. He beats himself with his paws on the cheeks, throws out the grain and immediately goes for a new portion.

The hamster collects its supplies near the hole. There is no reason for a hamster to stray far from her: you can pay with your life in this way. On short hamster legs, you can’t really run away from a swift or winged predator. So the hamster has to strictly ensure that no other hamster collects grain near his hole. According to strict hamster laws, the tricolor outfit of the animal is a signal to relatives: the place is occupied, you need to look for another one. This is the key to the hamster outfit: the yellow-gray back reliably hides the animal from all enemies, and as soon as the hamster rises on its hind legs, its tricolor skin is clearly evident at any time of the day, warning unlucky relatives that the area of grain preparations is an inviolable territory and absolutely forbidden for other hamsters.

FOUR-LEGED MISTERS

Can there be hay for ... animals? It's hard to believe this, but it happens. They live in the steppes and mountain-forest regions, funny short little animals with round ears. They live in colonies and warn each other of danger with a loud, drawn-out whistle. For this whistle they called them pikas. They also have another name - haystacks. And that's why.

Pikas - relatives of hares, as well as their long-eared brothers, love to feast on green grass. But unlike hares, pikas feed on grass all year round. In spring and summer they eat it on the vine, and at the end of summer and autumn they start haymaking. And, just like people, they pull dried grass, small branches of wild rosemary, raspberries and thin shoots of undersized birches into stacks. Shreds of hay push the animal into the cracks between the stones, under the canopies of uprooted roots. And in the winter every now and then they visit their haystacks. Reddish desert pikas, inhabitants of the Transcaspian region, hay twice a year: in late spring and autumn.

In the predominant number of representatives of the animal world, in spring and summer, mating season, and autumn passes under the sign of preparation for the onset of winter cold. Preparing for winter for animals living in fairly cold latitudes is a matter on which, without exaggeration, life depends. Many of them have their own, individual ways to spend the winter. We will talk about this below.

How do most animals prepare for winter?

The most important task is to prepare enough food supplies for the winter. Some animals, such as babaks, field mice and the chipmunks have been dealing with this issue since the end of summer. The hot summer is still reigning, and they are already looking for various nuts and seeds with might and main, prudently hiding them in their hole. So many animals do not make any reserves, but simply eat a lot and gain enough fat that will allow them to overwinter. Their main concern is autumn months is to eat as much food as possible. Such animals include bears that sleep all winter in a pre-insulated den, badgers, hedgehogs, and even the bats. All of these mammals hibernate for the winter, as it is almost impossible for them to find food during the cold season. Many warm-blooded animals have autumn molt- This is a change from short summer fur to thicker and warmer. Hares, foxes, wolves, squirrels also shed and change their fur.

In addition, hares and squirrels also change the color of their clothes - they become lighter to camouflage in the snow. Birds also molt in autumn, they grow new feathers. Many birds for the winter simply fly away to warmer climes. Beavers, hedgehogs, squirrels and bears are carefully preparing their homes for the winter - they insulate and strengthen it with everything possible ways, drag dry leaves, branches, moss there. The life of the animal will also depend on the reliability and security of the home in winter. Foxes, hares and wolves, with the exception of changing their coats, do not especially prepare for winter, as they do not hibernate and spend the entire winter period in search of food. Wolves gather in large packs with the advent of winter, and foxes endure great frosts in their burrows.

How cold-blooded animals hibernate

Cold-blooded animals include amphibians, reptiles, and insects. They survive the winter period in an inactive state. A few months before the onset of cold weather, certain changes occur in the body of a cold-blooded animal. Insects, such as mosquitoes, also store fat for the winter. Ants build large anthills for wintering. An interesting fact is that in the body of ants, beetles and many other insects in winter a special substance is produced that allows you to endure even the most severe frosts. Due to it, in a state of winter dormancy, the body maintains metabolism. In insect cells, the amount of fluid decreases. Almost all frogs, turtles, snakes and lizards go into hibernation, also called suspended animation.