List of forest edible mushrooms with photos, names and descriptions. Mushrooms of pine forests What mushroom grows under a pine tree

general characteristics

About 200 species of mushrooms grow in the forests of our country, but only 40 species of them can be eaten by humans. The energy value of the product is low, about 300-500 calories per 1 kg. The chemical composition of the fungus is close to vegetable crops, despite the fact that the set of amino acids is similar to animal products.

What mushrooms grow under a pine tree? it porcini, mushrooms, svinushki, russula, Polish mushroom, boletus, greenfinch, mokruha and fly agaric. In the spruce forests you can find white fungus, granular butterdish, spruce camelina, garlic, forest champignon, puffball and yellow milk mushroom.

white fungus pine

Most often, when asked what mushrooms grow under pine and spruce, they answer - "white". This fruiting body has many synonyms: porcini mushroom, boletus dine-loving.

Its hat can reach 20 cm in diameter, mostly wine-red or brownish. The stem has a swollen appearance and is similar in color to the color of the cap, but of a lighter shade. The flesh does not darken when cut, but is always white.

The fungus can be found in dark and highly lit areas of the forest. It was found that the illumination does not affect the yield. It can bear fruit both singly and in groups.

Mushroom picking falls on the summer-autumn period. The highest yield occurs at the end of August. In some regions there are specimens reaching 1 kg in weight. Mushroom pickers prefer young mushrooms that are not affected by larvae and have a more delicate taste.

White mushroom can be cooked in any way: fry, pickle, dry. In some regions, salads are seasoned with fresh porcini mushrooms.

Ginger

Ryzhik refers to those mushrooms that grow under pine and spruce. Pine camelina is distinguished, which has an orange or red-orange hat. Spruce ginger has a yellowish tint or lilac-greenish. Fruit individuals of this species are covered with mucus. When cut or touched, green spots appear. It has a pronounced smell of milky juice.

Spruce camelina feels best in places where moss grows, there are small bumps, and also near lingonberries and blueberries.

The pine species is most often found in the drier corners of the forest, on small hills near young pines.

The mushroom is most suitable for pickling and frying in sour cream.

mokhovik

Outwardly, the mushroom looks like an aged white one. In our region, the green flywheel is predominantly found. The velvety hat acquires a greenish-purple hue over time. The advantage grows on the edges and roadsides.

The fungus has a pronounced fruity flavor, it is eaten boiled and fried.

If we discuss what mushrooms grow under a pine tree, then they also include the "relative" of the flywheel - the Polish mushroom. In appearance, it strongly resembles white. The hat can reach 15 cm in diameter, velvety, brown or brown. Blue appears on the cuts, the flesh itself has a white color with a yellowish tint. The mushroom can be cooked in any way known to man.

Oilers

Oiler is the name of a huge group of mushrooms from the Boletaceae family, which includes about 40 representatives. The main difference of the family is that all its representatives have an oily hat.

Perhaps this species is in the lead in the list of what mushrooms grow under a pine tree in our country. Although they are also found in Africa and Australia, that is, in those countries where the climate is temperate.

In our forests, there is mainly an ordinary and autumn oiler. The cap of the fungus has a small tubercle in the center. The color is usually brownish, but there are specimens with a brown or olive tint. The peel is easily removed from the mushroom, inside is soft and juicy pulp, yellowish in color.

The butterdish feels good near young pines, but is also found in mixed forests. The fungus loves soil with good drainage, i.e. sandstone. He accepts greenfinches, chanterelles and russula as neighbors. Grows mostly in groups.

Fruits almost the entire warm season, from July to October, the main thing is that the atmospheric temperature is above 18 degrees. When the temperature drops to -5, the growth of fungi stops completely.

The category of which mushrooms grow under a pine tree includes summer and granular oiler. Differences from autumn and common type a little, the color of the cap is ocher-yellow. It is found mainly in pine forests.

breast

This family of mushrooms includes several species. This is a bitter or bitter mushroom, a black or black mushroom. Prefers forest floor. It can grow in spruce and pine forests, birch groves and areas where there is an undergrowth of hazel.

The bitter cap usually does not exceed 8 cm, similar to a funnel, the stem is high, up to 10 cm, and up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The color of the cap and stem is the same, reddish-brown.

Chernukha hat can reach 20 cm in diameter, olive-brown in color. The leg is not high - up to 6 cm, but fleshy - up to 2.5 cm in diameter.

Although these species fall under the category of which mushrooms grow under pine trees (photos are located in the article), they are still conditionally edible, that is, they require compliance with a certain cooking technology. The mushroom is pickled only after pre-soaking or boiling.

Russula

AT coniferous forests there are russula, which have an unusually huge species composition. The color of the hats is amazing: from brown and red to green and purple hues. But the structure of the cap is very fragile. Russula is also called the most "democratic" mushrooms: they grow in spruce and pine groves, deciduous forests and in the wastelands. They can bear fruit in the cool and hot season, depending on the subspecies.

Mostly russula is fried or boiled, dried, because they are not suitable for pickles due to their fragile structure.

Harvest Rules

It is very easy to recognize the mushrooms that grow under the pine tree. There are plenty of photos on the Internet, in almost every house there is a book on mushroom topics. But even edible mushrooms can be dangerous to humans if certain rules are not followed:

Mushroom picking around highways and railroad tracks are prohibited. Big risk that they will contain salts heavy metals and other harmful substances.
Collect only those specimens that you are sure of. You should not taste them, especially let children do it.
Carefully inspect the mushrooms: they should not have damage and wormholes. Arriving home again, inspect the harvested crop, discard damaged specimens.
Do not pull out the mushroom along with the mycelium. If you do this, then in a couple of weeks there will no longer be new mushrooms in this place.

At the slightest doubt, for example, if the mushroom is of an unknown species, discard it. Happy silent hunting.

AT forest areas middle lane, in the mountains of Kamchatka and on Kola Peninsula, in the forest belts of the North Caucasus and the famous steppes of Kazakhstan, areas Central Asia- more than 300 species of edible mushrooms grow, which lovers of "quiet hunting" like to collect so much.

Indeed, the occupation is very exciting and interesting, allowing, moreover, to feast on the harvest. However, you need to know mushrooms so that poisonous ones do not get into the basket along with edible ones, eating which you can get heavy food poisoning. edible mushrooms with photos, names and descriptions are offered for review by everyone interested in picking mushrooms.

Mushrooms are considered edible, which can be used as food with absolutely no risk to life and health, since they have a significant gastronomic value, distinguished by a delicate and unique taste, dishes from them are not boring and are always in demand and popularity.

Good mushrooms are called lamellar, on the underside of the caps there are lamellar structures or spongy, because their hats on the underside resemble a sponge, inside of which there are spores.

During the collection, experienced mushroom pickers always pay attention to the special signs that the mushroom is edible:

grow up Forest mushrooms from a mycelium resembling a grayish light mold that appears on a decaying tree. The delicate fibers of the mycelium braid the roots of the tree, creating a mutually beneficial symbiosis: the mushrooms get organic matter from the tree, the tree from the mycelium receives mineral nutrients and moisture. Other types of mushrooms are tied to tree species, which later determined their names.

The list contains wild mushrooms with photos and their names:

boletus;
under-thickness;
boletus;
tannery;
pine mushroom;
mottled or ordinary oak, others.

poddubovik

In coniferous and mixed forests there are many other mushrooms that mushroom pickers are happy to find:

mushrooms;
honey mushrooms summer, autumn, meadow;
boletus;
russula;
milk mushrooms;
polish mushroom, and so on.

Chanterelles

It is most correct to put mushrooms during harvesting in special wicker baskets, where they can be ventilated, in such a container it is easier for them to maintain their shape. It is impossible to collect mushrooms in bags, otherwise, after returning home, you can find a sticky, shapeless mass.

It is allowed to collect only those mushrooms that are known for sure that they are edible and young, old and wormy should be thrown away. It is better not to touch suspicious mushrooms at all, bypass them.

The best time to harvest is early morning, while the mushrooms are strong and fresh, they will last longer.

Characteristic features of edible mushrooms and their description

Among the noble representatives of edible, tasty and healthy mushrooms there is special group, which is usually characterized in one word "toadstools", because they are all poisonous or deadly poisonous, there are about 30 species of them. They are dangerous because they usually grow next to edible ones and often look like them. Unfortunately, only a few hours later it turns out that he was eaten dangerous mushroom when a person was poisoned and ended up in the hospital.

To avoid such serious troubles, it would be useful to look at the photos, names and descriptions of edible wild mushrooms before going on a “silent hunt”.

You can start with the first category, which includes the most noble, high-quality mushrooms with the highest taste and nutritional qualities.

White mushroom (or boletus) - he is given the palm, he is one of the most rare among relatives, the beneficial properties of this mushroom are unique, and the taste is the highest. When the mushroom is small, it has a very light cap on top, which changes its color to yellowish brown or chestnut with age. The underside is tubular, white or yellowish, the flesh is dense, the older the mushroom becomes, the more flabby its flesh becomes, but its color does not change on the cut. This is important to know, because it is poisonous gall fungus outwardly similar to white, but the surface of the spongy layer is pink, and the flesh turns red at the break. In young mushrooms, the legs are in the form of a drop or a barrel, with age it changes to a cylindrical one.

It occurs most often in summer, does not grow in groups, you can find it in sandy or grassy glades.

- a delicious mushroom, rich in trace elements, known as an absorbent that binds and removes harmful substances from the human body. toxic substances. The cap of the boletus is of a muted brown hue, convex, reaching a diameter of 12 cm, the stem is covered with small scales, expanded towards the base. The flesh is without a specific mushroom smell, at the break it acquires a pinkish tint.

Mushrooms love wet soil, it's worth following them in birch grove after good rain, you need to look right at the roots of birches, found in aspen forests.

- a mushroom that got its name due to its special carrot-red color, an interesting funnel-shaped hat, with a recess in the middle, circles are visible from the recess to the edges, the lower part and the leg are also orange, plastics turn green when pressed. The pulp is also bright orange, gives off a slight tarry aroma and taste, the milky juice that stands out at the break turns green, then turns brown. The taste qualities of the mushroom are highly valued.

Prefers to grow in pine forests on sandy soils.

real breast - mushroom pickers consider and call it the “king of mushrooms”, although it cannot boast that it is suitable for use in various processing: basically, it is eaten only in salted form. The cap at a young age is flat-convex, with a slight depression, turning with age into a funnel-shaped, yellowish or greenish-white. It has transparent, as if vitreous diametrical circles - one of characteristic features breast milk. The plates from the stem extend to the edge of the cap, on which a fibrous fringe grows. White brittle pulp has a recognizable smell of mushrooms, white juice, winding, begins to turn yellow.

Further, we can continue to consider the description of edible mushrooms belonging to the second category, which may be tasty and desirable, but their nutritional value is somewhat lower, experienced mushroom pickers do not bypass them.

- a genus of tubular mushrooms, it got its name because of the oily cap, at first red-brown, then turning into yellow-ocher, semicircular with a tubercle in the center. The pulp has a juicy, yellowish color, without changing it on the cut.

Boletus (aspen) - while young, the hat has a spherical shape, after a couple of days its shape resembles a plate on a stocky leg extended up to 15 cm, covered with black scales. The cut on the pulp turns from white to pink-violet or gray-violet.

- refers to valuable, elite mushrooms, has some similarity with a porcini mushroom, its hat is chestnut-brown, first wrapped down, in adult mushrooms it wraps up, becomes flatter, in rainy weather sticky substance acts on it, the skin is separated with difficulty. The stem is dense, cylindrical up to 4 cm in diameter, often smooth, and occurs with thin scales.

- outwardly similar to a white mushroom, but it has a slightly different color, black-brown, a yellowish pale leg with reddish blotches. The flesh is fleshy and dense, bright yellow, turning green at the break.

Dubovik ordinary - its leg is brighter, the base is colored with a reddish tint with a light pinkish mesh. The pulp is also fleshy and dense, bright yellow, it turns green at the break.

The names of edible mushrooms of the third, penultimate category are not so well known to novice mushroom pickers, but it is quite numerous, mushrooms in this category are much more common than the first two combined. When during the mushroom season you can collect a sufficient number of porcini, saffron milk caps, milk mushrooms and others, volushki, chanterelles, russula, valui are bypassed by many. But when failures occur with the number of noble mushrooms, these mushrooms are also willingly harvested, and one cannot return home with empty baskets.

- pink, white, very similar to each other, the difference is only in the color of the hat, the pink wave has a young hat with a beard, a convex shape with red rings that fade with age, the white one has a lighter hat, there are no circles, the leg is thin, the plates are narrow and frequent. Due to the dense pulp, the volushki tolerate transportation well. They need a long heat treatment before use.

- the most common of the russula family, more than ten species grow on the territory of Russia, sometimes they are endowed with the poetic definition of "gems" for the beautiful various shades of hats. The most delicious are russula food with pinkish, reddish wavy curved or hemispherical hats, which become sticky in wet weather, in dry they are matte. There are hats unevenly colored, with white spots. The leg of the russula is from 3 to 10 cm in height, the flesh is usually white, rather fragile.

Chanterelles ordinary - are considered delicacy, the caps become funnel-shaped with age, they do not have a clear transition to unevenly cylindrical legs, tapering at the base. The dense fleshy pulp has a pleasant mushroom aroma, spicy taste. Chanterelles differ from mushrooms by a wavy or curly hat shape, they are lighter than mushrooms, they seem translucent to the light.

Interestingly, chanterelles are not wormy, because they contain chinomannose in the pulp, which etches insects and arthropods from the fungus. The indicator of accumulation of radionuclides is average.

When collecting chanterelles, you need to be careful not to get into the basket along with edible mushrooms fox false , which differs from the real one only in young age, becoming old, it acquires a pale yellow color.

They are distinguished when they find colonies of chanterelles with mushrooms of different ages:

real mushrooms of any age of the same color;
false young mushrooms are bright orange.

- with caps of a spherical shape, which in adult mushrooms becomes convex with drooping edges, yellowish plates with brownish spots, the flesh of the valuu is white and dense. The smell of old mushrooms is unpleasant, so it is recommended to collect only young valui, similar to cams.

- mushrooms growing in bunches of many pieces, they grow annually in the same places, therefore, having noticed such a mushroom place, you can confidently return to it every year with the confidence that the harvest will be guaranteed. They are easy to find on rotten, rotten stumps, fallen trees. The color of their caps is beige-brown, always darker in the center, lighter towards the edges, with high humidity they acquire a reddish tint. The shape of the caps in young mushrooms is hemispherical, in mature ones it is flat, but the tubercle remains in the middle. In young mushrooms, a thin film grows from the leg to the hat, which breaks as it grows, a skirt remains on the leg.

The article presents not all edible mushrooms with photos, names and their detailed descriptions, there are a lot of varieties of mushrooms: goats, flywheels, rows, morels, raincoats, pigs, blackberries, bitters, others - their diversity is simply huge.

Going to the forest for mushrooms, modern inexperienced mushroom pickers can use mobile phones to capture photos of edible mushrooms that are most common in the area in order to be able to check the mushrooms they found with the photos available on the phone as a good clue.

An extended list of edible mushrooms with a photo

This slideshow contains all the mushrooms, including those not mentioned in the article:

We are glad to welcome you to the blog. The mushroom season is in full swing, so our topic today will be edible mushrooms, the photo and name of which you will find below. There are many types of mushrooms in our vast country, so even experienced mushroom pickers cannot always distinguish edible from inedible ones. But false and poisonous species can ruin your meal, and in some cases even cause death.

In the article you will find out what edible mushrooms are, what types they are divided into, where they grow and how they look, which mushrooms appear first. I will tell you what benefits they bring to your body and what their nutritional value is.

All mushrooms are divided into three main sections: edible, conditionally edible, inedible (poisonous, hallucinogenic). All these are hat mushrooms, they make up only a small part of a vast kingdom.

They can be divided according to many criteria. Highest value for us it has the structure of a hat, since sometimes it differs in twins.

tubular (spongy) - the bottom of the cap consists of the smallest tubes, resembles a sponge;
lamellar - plates at the bottom of the cap, located radially;
marsupials (morels) - shriveled hats.

You can also split forest gifts on palatability, according to the method of spore formation, shape, color, nature of the surface of the cap and stem.

When and where do mushrooms grow

In Russia and the CIS countries, mushroom areas are found almost throughout the territory, from the tundra to steppe zones. Mushrooms grow best in humus-rich soil that warms up well. The gifts of the forest do not like strong waterlogging and excessive dryness. The best places for them are in the clearing, where there is a shade, on the edges, forest roads, in plantings and copses.

If the summer is rainy mushroom places it is worth looking for on a hill, and if dry, near trees in the lowlands, where there is more moisture. As a rule, specific species grow near certain trees. For example, camelina grows near pines and spruce; white - in birch, pine, oak; boletus - at the aspen.

Mushrooms in different climatic zones appear in different time, one after another. Let's analyze the middle band:

The first spring forest harvest - lines and morels (April, May).
In early June, boletus, boletus, boletus, russula appear. The duration of the wave is about 2 weeks.
From mid-July, the second wave begins, which lasts 2-3 weeks. In rainy years, there is no break between the June and July waves. Since July, the mass appearance of the mushroom harvest begins.
August is marked by the massive growth of mushrooms, especially ceps.
From mid-August and early autumn, chanterelles, mushrooms, milk mushrooms grow in huge families in favorable weather.

AT deciduous forests the main season lasts from June to October, and from November to March, winter mushroom can be found in the forests. More common in the steppes field mushrooms: umbrellas, champignons, raincoat, meadow mushrooms. The season is from June to November.

Composition of mushrooms, benefits

The mushroom composition contains up to 90% water, and the dry part is predominantly protein. That is why the gifts of the forest are often called "forest meat" or "forest bread".

The nutritional value:

Mushroom protein contains almost all amino acids, and even essential ones. Mushrooms are significant part diet, however, due to the content of fungin, it is better to exclude them from the menu for people suffering from diseases of the kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tract.
Carbohydrates in "forest meat" is much less than protein. Mushroom carbohydrate differs from vegetable and is absorbed better, much like milk or bread.
Fatty substances are absorbed like animal fats by 92-97%.
The composition contains tartaric, fumaric, citric, malic and other acids.
The composition contains a large number of vitamins PP, B1, A. Some varieties contain B2, C, D.
Mushrooms are rich in iron, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium.
The composition contains trace elements - zinc, fluorine, manganese, iodine, copper.

Edible gifts of the forest have many benefits, since ancient times they have been used to treat diseases. Now it is useful tasty food, and vegetarians replace them with meat.

Mushrooms are able to increase immunity, cleanse blood vessels and lower cholesterol levels, fight depression and excess weight. They help maintain the beauty of hair, skin and nails. Learn more about contraindications and useful properties mushrooms on our website.

How to determine if a mushroom is edible or not

How to distinguish edible mushrooms from inedible? After all, almost everyone knows boletus, but rare and unusual specimens are found in the forest. There are many ways.

For example, in my childhood I had an interesting encyclopedia with pictures and descriptions, plus I always went to the forest with experienced mushroom pickers. By the way, this is the best idea, take with you to the forest, a person who understands mushroom matters.

A few general tips:

Take a closer look if you see worms in at least one mushroom from the mycelium, they are edible.
Tubular species are easier to distinguish from twins.
Explore the colors White color and greenish often indicates a poisonous doppelgänger.
Do not taste mushrooms, they are not always bitter, for example pale grebe, a little sweet. Such an experiment can result in poisoning.
On false and poisonous twins, a skirt is often found.

These are just a few of the signs. Basically, each pair of twins has its own differences. You should pay attention to the frequency of the plates at the bottom of the cap, attachment to the stem, color, pulp when cut, the presence of rings. Below you will find a photo and the name of edible mushrooms with a short description.

What do edible mushrooms look like?

White mushroom (boletus)

The mushroom king has a light leg, the sponge under the cap is cream and white. If you break the hat, it will not darken. He has several false and poisonous twins. For example, in a satanic mushroom, the fracture will turn blue, and in the gall it will turn pink, the broken leg will be covered with a dark mesh.

Boletus (redhead)

In most cases, the boletus has a red cap, dense flesh and a leg. When broken, the cut is bluish or white, while the false redhead is red or pink.

Boletus (boletus)

The color of the cap varies from dark brown to light beige. has an elongated leg with a gray mesh, and does not change color when cut. The false mushroom has a dirty white or pink sponge, and its hat is gray or pinkish.

Quite a massive mushroom with a velvet cushion-shaped cap, with lemon-yellow flesh. The leg at the base is red, and turns blue at the cut. It is confused with a satanic mushroom, but it is lighter in color.

A real chanterelle has a color from pale pink to orange, its edges are wavy, corrugated, and there are plates under the cap. In the false version, the color is from orange to red. The edges are jewelry smooth, and when broken, white juice is released.

Maslyanyk - yellow mushroom, which has a slippery spongy hat, which is connected to the leg by a film. In false oil, the hat is dark, sometimes with a purple tint, under it there are plates. The peel of the latter does not stretch when removed, and the flesh turns red.

The flywheel is spongy, the sponge is bright yellow. In "youth", his hat is convex velvet, and over time, it straightens and cracks. Its color ranges from dark green to burgundy. The leg is without any inclusions, and when broken, the color does not change. It is often confused with pepper, bile and chestnut mushrooms. The main difference between the flywheel is that it grows on moss.

The original has a beige or cream color, dark brown plates and a skirt. Mushroom grows in well-lit places. confuse popular mushroom you can with a pale toadstool or a smelly fly agaric, and they are deadly poisonous. The toadstool has light plates, but there is no skirt under the hat.

There are light cream and brown shades, they have skirts on the leg, and scales on the hat, they are lamellar, grow on stumps. false mushrooms brighter, they do not have a film ring.

In young russula, the hat is spherical, while in mature ones it is flat, dry to the touch, matte or shiny. The color changes from green to red. The plates are fragile, different in size, frequent, yellow or white. The flesh is crisp and white, changing color when cut. If the russula is bright red or purple, most likely you have a double in front of you.

Raincoat (hare potato, fluff)

A real raincoat is shaped like a ball, often on a small leg. Its color is white or beige. The pulp is dense, white. In the false puffball, the flesh has a purple hue, the skin is dark.

Often grow near pines and larches. The hat eventually begins to resemble a funnel, its color is orange, red or bluish-green. She is smooth and sticky. The slice will turn green over time.

It has a flat pink cap with a depression in the center and a discreet circle pattern, the edges of which are bent inward. The pulp is white, dense, the juice is also white. The color does not change when cut. Twins often have scales, a greenish color, distinct from the white flesh.

Cobweb (bog)

Has a beautiful appearance, bright yellow color. The shape of the cap is correct, round, it hides the plates. An adult cobweb resembles a toadstool. False doubles have bad smell, irregular shapes and covered with scales.

The umbrella got its name due to the long stem and the characteristic shape of the hat, at first the shape is spherical, then it resembles an umbrella. The color is white, with a hint of beige, a darker spot in the center, and the surface is cracked. Plates darken with age. Many twins that differ in color may have a pungent odor and loose flesh.

Talkers

The cap of the govorushka at first has a hemispherical shape, then it is depressed, resembling a funnel. It is dry and smooth, white, light brown, ocher in color, the center is darker. The plates are white, but darken with age. The flesh is white, dense, although it loosens with age. False talkers have a white color.

Ryadovki

Agaric mushrooms deserve their name because they grow in rows or circles (witch's circles). The cap of a young rowing resembles a ball, and then straightens. It has white, brown, red, yellow colors. The edges can be curved, smooth, or curved. The skin can be dry, velvety or smooth, mucous. The leg is velvety, often has a pink-brown color. The poisonous doppelgänger has a dirty gray color, be careful!

Stitches

More often lines are found in a pine forest, due to possible frosts, black spots appear on its cap. The cap itself grows together with the leg, has a sinuous shape. It has a brown, brown, reddish or yellow color. The older the lines, the lighter the hat. The leg is also not even, and the flesh is white and breaks easily.

Morel

The surface of the morel cap, as if all in cells, is ovoid in shape. Its color is greyish, yellow and brown. The flesh of the morel is white, soft, and the stem has a cylindrical shape, slightly thickened towards the bottom. The false morel grows from the egg, emits an unpleasant odor and is covered with mucus.

oyster mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms grow on a tree, under each other, which is why they got their name. The cap of oyster mushrooms is smooth, sometimes wavy, the color is gray with a purple tint. The plates are frequent, dense, have a gray color. The edges are concave, the legs are short, dense. False oyster mushrooms are brighter and of other shades.

Now you know how to test a mushroom and find out if it is edible or not. You can go to the forest without fear. Choose only the right mushrooms and remember that even an edible mushroom can cause harm if it is old or starting to decompose.

Video - edible mushrooms with a description

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A mushroom is a living organism that forms a separate kingdom of the same name. For a long time they belonged to the plant kingdom. But due to the fact that mushrooms are characterized by some features that distinguish and at the same time unite them with plants and animals, they decided to put them in separate kingdom. The fact is that fungi cannot carry out the process of photosynthesis and receive nutrients from sunlight. As food, they need ready-made organic substances.

Pine forest mushrooms

Experienced mushroom pickers know what mushrooms grow in a pine forest. It depends on the type of nutrients available and on the climate. Mushrooms can be found both on the ground among plants, and on tree trunks and even on stones.

Eatable species

In coniferous forests, about two hundred species of mushrooms have been identified, but only 40 of them are suitable for human consumption.

Oilers

In coniferous forests and plantings at the age of two to fifteen years, you can find a mushroom called butterdish. It is brown on the outside and yellow on the inside. The butterdish is thermophilic and grows mainly on the edges or along the edges of glades, where the branches of huge trees do not interfere with the sun's rays. They can also be seen in places where groups of relatively small pines grow. They prefer sandy soil with good drainage.

Where in the Crimea to collect mouse mushrooms (gray row)

It got its name from the oily mucus covering his hat. Usually butterflies grow in groups. You can find them on small hills among the fallen needles. This is a very fruitful species that grows actively throughout the warm summer and early autumn periods.

Honey mushrooms

They can be found both under a pine tree in the forest, and in fields, meadows, sometimes even among shrubs. Honey mushrooms prefer not to grow on the ground, like many others, but on stumps and trunks of dead or weakened trees. settle down large groups and can cover a fairly large area. Honey mushrooms have a long and high leg and a flat disc-shaped hat of a dark brown color.

Ryadovka

Ryadovka grows in old pine forests in small colonies lined up in a row, for which it got its name. The mushroom cap can reach 15 cm in diameter. In some countries, rowing is among poisonous mushrooms, but some are considered edible. Subdivided into types:

The color and structure of the fungus depend on the species.

Greenfinch

These mushrooms belong to the family of rows, but got their name for their characteristic green-yellow color. They grow more often in middle-aged forests, also in a few colonies, stretched out in a row, or singly. Unlike oil, greenfinches do not like light and therefore grow mainly in darkened lowlands under a layer of fallen needles, and sometimes even under a layer of soil. They have a straight leg, slightly expanding downwards.

mokhovik

These mushrooms in the pine forest are also not uncommon. They live in moss-covered places, for which they got their name. This mushroom has a large thick cap and a high stem. The color is different: red, yellow, brown. The main difficulty in collecting flywheels is that they have a double - false flywheel, which is not poisonous, but has an unpleasant taste.

The best mushrooms and mushroom places of the Samara region

Russula

One of the most famous and commonly encountered mushrooms is russula. There are many types of this mushroom. Among them there are both edible and inedible representatives. Their distinguishing feature is a concave funnel-shaped hat and a straight stem. If the russula leg itself is white, then the hats come in various colors, depending on the environment. They can be either red or pink, or green, yellow, purple, brown. Despite the presence of inedible counterparts, this is one of the leading mushrooms in cooking.

Chanterelles

This is one of the unique mushrooms growing in pine forests. They are difficult to confuse with other mushrooms. They have a bright orange color and a funnel-shaped hat. The main difference between the chanterelle is that it is difficult to say where her leg ends and the hat begins. These are very moisture-loving mushrooms, and therefore they are found mainly in places with high humidity. The main burst of their appearance begins after heavy rains. They grow in numerous heap-shaped colonies.

umbrella mushroom

It got its name from the structure. Having a long thin stem and an open dome of the hat, it resembles an umbrella in shape. In diameter, the umbrella can reach 35 cm, and the height of the leg is 40 cm. Basically, the color of this mushroom is white, but as it grows, the hat cracks and becomes covered with scales that darken and become cream-colored. The very same leg is decorated with a fluffy skirt.

Boletus, or porcini mushroom

The most popular and favorite mushroom of every mushroom picker is boletus. He is almost the elite of his kingdom. Despite the fact that the real name of this mushroom is boletus, many call it white. This is due to the fact that after heat treatment (drying) it retains the original white color of the pulp. They grow everywhere, with the exception of particularly cold regions and places with a large abundance of moisture.

Where do black and white truffles grow in Russia?

The sizes of these famous mushrooms reach 30, and sometimes 50 cm in diameter and 25 cm in height. The leg is thick, barrel-shaped, on the outside it has gray color. The cap, on the other hand, has a rounded shape, and only in adult mushrooms can it be flattened. The color of the hat is quite varied. It can be either bright red or white, depending on the age of the boletus.

What could be better summer walk in the forest? The voices of invisible birds are heard, the lungs are filled with oxygen. But wandering aimlessly is no fun. It's better to take a basket and go picking mushrooms. The pine forest transmits sunlight well, which allows the soil to warm up well. Thanks to this, mushrooms in a pine forest are no less diverse than in forests consisting of deciduous trees.

coniferous forest mushrooms

Unlike green plants, mushrooms do not have chlorophyll and therefore are not able to independently produce nutrients for themselves. Because of this, they are forced to seek alternative sources nutrition. There are two such sources: firstly, it is humus from dead plants; secondly, these are substances from the roots of trees. And if everything is extremely simple with the first source, then the second requires explanation.

Most people are accustomed to consider a mushroom that grows on the ground. But everything is much more complicated. The fungus is only the aerial part of the mycelium. Most of it is located underground and is presented in the form of densely branched thin filaments of mycelium. Some consider the mycelium to be roots, but these are not really roots in the usual sense. Although the mycelium also performs the functions of the root system.

The species diversity of mushrooms in a pine forest depends on its age. The younger the forest, the easier the mycelium can grow into the roots of trees. In a two-year-old pine forest, a late oiler can already grow. The beginning of its growth falls on May, but its greatest activity occurs in June. It can be detected by small tubercles that lift fallen needles. Fruiting goes on throughout the summer. If the conditions are favorable, then in one season you can harvest from three to six crops. After fifteen years, the activity of the butter dish weakens, and new varieties of mushrooms come in its place.

Along with boletus, the following species are found in the forest:

The most diverse mushroom palette pine forest in the period from 15 to 40 years. Especially if, in addition to pines, there are interspersed deciduous trees in the forest. Birches will delight mushroom pickers with boletus, boletus, russula and volzhanka. If there is an oak, then an oak version of boletus may appear, as well as numerous varieties of russula, black mushroom, white podgrudka and many more varieties of mushrooms. Mounds of last year's fallen leaves will tell you where to look for milk mushrooms. They grow up in families. Therefore, if one breast is found, you should not rush to a new place. It is enough to look around carefully - the rest of his relatives may be found.

Unfortunately , in addition to edible mushrooms, there are many poisonous mushrooms in the forest. These include:

death cap;
panther, grebe and red fly agaric;
false bastard.

After the boron reaches its fortieth anniversary, the number of fungi in it begins to steadily decrease. And there are three main reasons for this: firstly, the crowns of trees become thicker, and the light does not penetrate well through them and warms the earth insufficiently; Secondly, forest floor thickens, which also interferes with the heating of the soil; thirdly, it becomes more difficult for mycelium to penetrate the root system due to its coarsening. On top of that, old forests absorb a lot of moisture.

What to look for in a spruce forest

Unlike pine forests, there are fewer mushrooms in pure spruce forests. And this is explained by the density of spruce crowns. In a young spruce forest, along with spruce camelina, a pine version of the same camelina can also grow. In middle-aged forests, a spruce version of the boletus is found. And also talkers growing in large groups. Some varieties of russula may come across. In older forests, there is a chance to find a yellow milk mushroom.

It also could not do without poisonous representatives of the mushroom family. The yellow-orange-capped royal fly agaric and numerous cobwebs are the most prominent representatives inedible mushrooms.

Basics of silent hunting

The people called mushroom picking "silent hunting." And no wonder. As with normal hunting, silent hunting also has a purpose. If a beginner wants to become a successful mushroom picker, then he should listen to simple rules:

Main mushroom season includes three seasons; spring, summer and autumn. Since April, the first morels appear in the forests. And in the fall, until the first frosts, you can collect milk mushrooms. But the peak mushroom season falls in the summer.

Are there mushrooms in the forest when it's winter outside? It sounds fantastic, but even a winter forest can please a mushroom picker. Walking on skis through a snowy forest, it is quite possible to come across a family of oyster mushrooms or winter mushrooms.