Irregular verbs in good quality. How many forms do irregular verbs have

Our topic today is an acquaintance with such an interesting phenomenon as forms irregular verbs. As you know, the English language is very cunning. This language often lays all sorts of traps for us. One of them is irregular verbs. English is not the only language that has irregular verbs. French also rich in irregular verbs. Three or four forms of irregular English verbs?

Romanian language, German, Latin language, Greek language also contains irregular verbs. And even the Russian language is replete with them. I think you have repeatedly heard about irregular verbs in English, in other words Irregular verbs. Why are such verbs called irregular? Everything is very simple: in the past tense they conjugate in their own way, have their own special form, while all other verbs in the past tense have the ending -ed.

How to distinguish irregular verbs from regular ones?

For comparison, let's conjugate 3 regular regular verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple):

As you can see, all 3 verbs are conjugated in the same way, according to the scheme stem + ending -ed.

The situation is quite different in the case of irregular verbs. We conjugate 3 more verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple), which are irregular, and here pay attention to the fact that each of these verbs has its own, absolutely different shape at the end or even at the root of a word:

Even to the naked eye it is clear that each of these verbs appeared in its own, completely different from the others, form. The catch is that there is no certain rule, by which you can find out the form of an irregular verb. Each of them hides in their own way. The English language, friends, is full of tricky things and underwater reefs. Another catch is that each irregular verb has not one form, but three.

Three forms of irregular verbs

So what are these three forms?

• The first is the infinitive or initial (indefinite) form of the verb
• The second is Past Participle I, that is, the form that corresponds to the simple past tense (Past Simple), it is also used in the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case)
• The third is Past Participle II, the one used in the perfect present tense ( Present Perfect) and in the past tense (Past Perfect). The same form is used in the Passive Voice, Conditional of the 3-d case, and some other grammatical rules.

Here are some examples of 3 forms of irregular verbs:

• To arise - arose - arisen - rise
• To be - was, were - been - to be
• To bear - bore - born - give birth
• To become - became - become - become, become
• To begin - began - begun - begin
• To catch - caught - caught - catch, catch
• To choose - chose - chosen - choose
• To dig - dug - dug - dig, dig
• To dream - dream - dream - dream, dream
• To feel - felt - felt - feel
• To forget - forgot - forgotten - forget
• To have - had - had - to have

Now let's look at these 3 forms using examples of sentences in all of the above tenses of verbs.

• So, the simple past tense of the verb (Past Simple Tense):

Yesterday she felt(self-bad) to feel). She felt bad yesterday. Last Wednesday we met Jim ( to meet). We met Jim last Wednesday. Last night I dream you ( to dream). “I dreamed about you last night. I was in Paris last year ( to be) — I was in Paris last year.

• Perfect present tense of the verb (Present Perfect Tense):

I have just seen him ( to see). “I just saw him. Tom has already brought my books ( to bring). Tom has already brought my books. Have you ever been in London to be)? - Have you ever been in London? Ann has already forgotten her boy-friend( to forget).- Anna has already forgotten her boyfriend.

• The past tense of the verb (Past Perfect Tense):

I noticed that I had forgotten my keys( to forget). — I noticed that I forgot my keys. He understood that he had lost his documents ( to lose). He realized that he had lost his papers.

• Passive voice (Passive Voice):

The dog is fed by me ( to feed). The dog is fed by me (I fed the dog). Made in France ( to make). - Made in France.

• Conditional mood of the 2nd and 3rd cases (Conditional). Here are the second and third forms:

If I had money, I would buy a car to have). - If I had money, I would buy a car (real condition). If I had money, I would have bought a car ( to have, to buy).- If I had money, I would buy a car (unreal condition, past tense).
How to learn all forms of irregular verbs?

Irregular Verbs Cheat Sheet

As mentioned above, there are no rules by which the forms of irregular verbs are formed, each has its own. But, we hope that this poetic form will help you quickly remember such irregular verbs:

To write-wrote-written
To eat-ate-eat
To speak-spoke-spoken
To break-broke-broken

To come-came-come
To become-became-become
To run-run-run
To swim swam swum

To know-knew-known
To throw-threw-thrown
To blow-blew-blown
To fly-flew-flown

Tossing-sang-sung
To ring-rang-rung
To hide-hid-hidden
To bite-bit-bitten

To send-sent-sent
To spend-spent-spent
To sleep-slept-slept
To keep-kept-kept

To tell-told-told
To sell-sold-sold
To teach-taught-taught
To catch-caught-caught

To fight-fought-fought
To think-thought-thought
To buy-bought-bought
To bring-brought-brought

To cut-cut-cut
To shut-shut-shut
To cost-cost-cost
To lose-lost-lost

To lead-led-led
To feed-fed-fed
To feel-felt-felt
To hold-held-held

From this funny poetic form we see that some irregular verbs have the same letter combinations, which allows them to rhyme and thus make it easier for us to remember them.

The "fourth" form of irregular verbs

There is a popular belief that there is also a 4th form of irregular verbs. This 4th configuration is formed according to the scheme base + ending -ing. It defines the Present Participle, that is, the present participle in tenses such as the present continuous ( Present Continuous) and the past continuous (Past Continuous). In other words, this is the present and past tense of the imperfect form. It follows from this that there are not 3, but 4 forms of irregular verbs. But this 4th configuration is, as it were, unofficial.

Consider this same 4th form using examples of sentences with Present Continuous:

The same 4th form in sentences with Past Continuous.

Here you can take a lesson on the topic: Simple past tense in English. Regular and irregular verbs. past simple. Regular and Irregular verbs.

In this lesson, we'll get to know regular and irregular verbs in English and how to use them in sentences simple past tense. These verbs are in most cases integral part past tense.

To express thoughts in the past, the English often resort to the verbs was and were. Well, what if the main action is expressed by another verb, for example, swim, or play? In such cases, knowledge of regular and irregular English verbs is required. We will consider each category of verbs separately:

Regular verbs(Regular verbs) is a special group of English verbs that easily form the past tense by adding the suffix -ed to the infinitive (the regular form of the verb). Here are some examples of such verbs:

talk - talked (talk - spoke)
jump - jumped (jump - jumped)
check - checked (check - checked)
look - looked (look - looked)
stay - stayed (stop - stayed)
ask - asked (ask - asked)
show -showed (show - showed)
work - worked (work - worked)

Regular verbs ending in -ed do not change for person or number. Consider the example of the verb walk (to walk, walk):

I walked - I walked
you walked - you walked / you walked
he walked - he walked
she walked - she walked
it walked - he / she walked / walked (inanimate)
we walked - we walked
they walked - they walked

I. There are some spelling rules when adding the ending -ed.

1. So, for example, if the verb is already ends with a letter-e , then only -d is added to it. For example:

Change - changed (change - changed)
arrive - arrived (arrive - arrived)
smoke - smoked (smoke - smoked)

2. If the verb ends with letter -y, then the ending, with rare exceptions, changes to -ied. For example:

study - studied (teach - taught)
tidy - tidied (clean up - cleaned up)
try - tried (try - tried)

The exception is the verbs: play - played (play), stay - stayed (stop), enjoy - enjoyed (enjoy).

3. In some short verbs(in 1 syllable) when adding the ending -ed the consonant is doubled. This rule applies to verbs that end in one vowel and one consonant letters. For example:

stop - stop ped (stop - stopped)
rob - rob bed (rob - robbed)

II. Regarding regular English verbs, there are also several reading rules.

1. So, for example, in verbs, ending in a voiceless consonant(f, k, p, t), the ending -ed reads softly, like /t/. For example:

walk ed /wɔ:kt/
look ed /lukt/
jump ed /dʒʌmpt/
ask ed /a:skt/

2. In verbs, ending in voiced and all other sounds, the ending -ed is pronounced loudly, like /d/. For example:

play ed /pleid/
show ed /ʃəud/
arriv ed /ə "raivd /
chang ed /tʃeindʒd/

3. The pronunciation of the verb ending -ed changes slightly when verbs end in /t/ or /d/. Then the ending is pronounced /id/ . For example:

decid ed / di "saidid /
wait ed /"waitid /
land ed /"lændid /
fad ed / "feidid /

Now consider regular verbs in affirmative sentences. Here are some examples:

Miriam waited for Adam for several hours. Miriam has been waiting for Adam for several hours.
She walked towards the river. She walked towards the river.
They changed their mind. - They changed their mind.
The woman carried a heavy bag. The woman was carrying a heavy bag.
When I arrived the party was over. When I arrived, the party was over.
The plane landed near the village. - The plane landed near the village.
The car stopped next to my house. - The car stopped near my house.
Children played hide-and-seek. - The children were playing hide-and-seek.
We stayed at my grandmother "s. - We stayed at my grandmother's.
I looked around but there was none. I looked around, but there was no one.
He studied German at school. - He studied German at school.

As can be seen from the examples, the place of subjects and verbs in affirmative sentences is fixed, and the remaining members of sentences can be used depending on the context. When reading the examples, pay attention to the spelling of regular verbs and their pronunciation.

In contrast to regular verbs, English also has a number of irregular verbs, which do not obey the rule of adding the ending -ed, but are formed completely unexpectedly and in different ways. For example:

find - found (find - found)
take - took (take - took)
sleep - slept (sleep - slept)
fight - fought (fight - fought)
get - got (receive - received)
give - gave (give - gave)
buy - bought (buy - bought)
catch - caught (catch - caught)
lose - lost (lose - lost) and many others.

Here you can find the complete
In the simple past tense, verbs from the second column (Past Simple) are used.

In affirmative sentences, irregular verbs are used in the same way as regular ones. The sentence order is fixed: Subject (Subject) - Predicate (Predicate) - Addition (Object) - Circumstance (Adverbial modifier). Let's look at examples:

He lost his key a day ago. - He lost his key a day ago.
Simon took my phone number yesterday. Simon took my phone number yesterday.
I gave her a birthday present. - I gave her a birthday present.
They slept for eight hours last night. They slept eight hours last night.

To form negative and interrogative sentences with regular and irregular verbs (except to be and modal verbs) the auxiliary verb did is required.

So, for example, in interrogative sentences put in the first place auxiliary verb did, then the subject and the verb, but already in its first initial form(infinitive), since the auxiliary verb did takes over the function of the past tense. Let's look at a few examples:

(+) Her watch stopped working. - Her watch stopped working.
(?) Did her watch stop working? Has her watch stopped working?

(+) He caught a big fish. - He caught big fish.
(?) Did he catch a big fish? - Did he catch a big fish?

(+) They played cards in the evening. - They played cards in the evening.
(?) Did they play cards in the evening? - Did they play cards in the evening?

(+) Mr.Right found a purse with money. - Mr. Wright found a wallet with money.
(?) Did Mr.Right find a purse money? - Did Mr. Wright find a wallet with money?

(+) His father called him yesterday. - His father called him yesterday.
(?) Did his father call him yesterday? - Did his father call him yesterday?

As you can see from the examples, the auxiliary verb did does not change for persons or numbers, as, for example, the verbs do and does, was and were. Also, these questions are classified as general, and require short answers, which, unlike Russian "yes" and "no", depend largely on the question itself and the auxiliary verb. Let's take a closer look:

Did you leave early last night? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn't. - Did you leave early last night? -Yes. -No.
Did they like the cake? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't. - Did they like the cake? -Yes. -No.
Did their children break the remote control? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't. - Did their children break the remote control? -Yes. -No.

Special questions with regular and irregular verbs are formed in the same order as common ones, but with the addition question word at the beginning. For example:

Where did you find the map? - Where did you find the map?
Why did they call us last night? Why did they call us last night?
Who did you invite to the party? - Who did you invite to the party?
What did she cook fro dinner? - What did she cook for dinner?

Negative sentences with regular and irregular verbs are also formed using the auxiliary verb did , and the negative particle "not". The main verbs in such sentences remain in their original form, i.e. in infinitive. Let's look at examples:

(+) He wanted us to go. - He wanted us to leave.
(-) He didn't (did not) want us to go. - He didn't want us to leave.

(+) They enjoyed the concert. - They liked the concert.
(-) They didn't enjoy the concert. - They didn't like the concert.

(+) Albert promised me something. - Albert promised me something.
(-) Albert didn't promise me anything. - Albert didn't promise me anything.

(+) My friend paid t he fine. - My friend paid the fine.
(-) My friend didn't pay the fine. - My friend didn't pay the fine.

(+) It broke after all. - And yet it broke.
(-) It didn't break after all. - And yet it didn't break.

As can be seen from the examples, the word did can be combined with the particle not, and then the abbreviated form is obtained - didn "t.

Thus, we examined regular and irregular verbs in English, and also got acquainted with their use in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. The category of regular verbs does not require targeted memorization, but it is recommended to learn irregular verbs several times a day and try to use them in your sentences.

English is the language of exceptions, where when studying a new grammatical rule, students are faced with a dozen buts in which this rule does not work. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But without them it is impossible, because these are the realities of English! However, there good news- modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we will consider in the article.

Why are English verbs irregular?

The difficulty in using irregular verbs is experienced not only by foreigners, but also by the speakers themselves. Nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standard nature of this part of speech is not a drawback, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates history. of English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English a traditional variant of the language. For comparison, the Americans are trying with might and main to get rid of the wrong form, converting it into the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both variants of the language. Thus, the incorrect version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.

How many forms does a verb have in English?

Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:

• infinitive, aka ;
• I, or Participle I, - this form is used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
• Past Participle II, or Participle II, for the simple perfect tense of the past tense (Past Perfect), passive voice(Passive Voice) and Conditional of the 3-d case.

The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.

What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules

Regular verbs are those in which past form(Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to the initial form. The table "Three forms of the verb in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.

When forming the forms Participle I and Participle II, there are some features:

• if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
• the consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped (stop - stopped);
• if the verb ends in -y followed by a consonant, then y is changed to i before adding -ed.

Irregular verbs are those that do not obey general rule in the formation of temporary forms. In English, these include the simple past tense verb forms (Past Simple) and Participle II (Participle II).

Irregular verbs are formed with:

ablaut, in which the root is changed. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);

the use of suffixes that are different from those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done (do - did - did);

the same or unchanged form. Example: cut - cut - cut (cut - cut - cut).

Because everyone is not regular verb has its own form of change, they should be learned by heart.

In total, there are 218 irregular verbs in English, of which approximately 195 are in active use.

Recent studies in the field of language show that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with regular verb forms, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table "Three forms of the verb in English" - the table represents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.

table of irregular verbs

The table "Three forms of irregular verbs in English" includes the most commonly used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and a translation.

Irregular verbs came into modern English from Old English, which was spoken by the Angles and Saxons - British tribes.

Irregular verbs originated from the so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.

Harvard researchers found that most of the verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so, as they are used more often than others.

In the history of the English language there is such a phenomenon when the correct verb became irregular. For example, sneak, which has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.

Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they get into awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.

One of them is Jennifer Garner, who has been sure all her life that the verb sneak is correct.

She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. Dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.

Therefore, do not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.

Regular verbs

The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most commonly used verbs.

Examples of the use of 3 forms of verbs with translation

Above we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of usage and translation will help reinforce the topic.

Here for each grammatical construction two examples are given - one with regular, the other with irregular verbs.

Exercises

For better memorization of irregular verbs, you need not only to learn them by heart and repeat, but also to perform various exercises.

Exercise 1. Before you is a table "Three forms of the verb in English. Irregular verbs." Fill in one of the three missing forms.

Exercise 2. Before you is a table "Three forms of the verb in English. Regular verbs." Insert forms Participle I and II.

Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.

1. I was reading a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London until 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a university student in 2014.
5. They worked for the same company two years ago.
6. He just finished training.
7. When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
8. I drove a toy car as a child.

Answers to the exercises

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, travelled, used, worked.

Exercise 3

1. I read a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
5. They worked in the same company two years ago.
6. He has just finished training.
7. When we were children we were taken for a walk to this park.
8. I drove a toy car in my childhood.

Get in the habit of periodically repeating the basic forms of the English verb. A table with irregular verbs, exercises and periodic repetition will help you quickly cope with the difficulties of the English language.

The division in English of verbs into regular and irregular is purely conditional, so there is no meaningful method for distinguishing them. This can only be done with the help of a dictionary, and the forms of irregular verbs will have to be memorized.

For example:

verb right, so in the formula we add -ed;

verb wrong, this means that in the formula, in place of the semantic verb, we put the third form in a row;

the verb is irregular, but the second and third forms are the same (more on the second form below).

Sometimes all three forms can be the same:

This is how we work when translating from Russian into English, i.e. when we are looking for the right form. If we are translating from English, then the formulas will already contain the second or third form, and not Infinitive. In this case, we will not immediately find the translation of the word in the dictionary, since the translation is given only to the first (indefinite) form. But we'll get a hint. It looks like this:

1) ....[..] past from.... - the word past in such a dictionary entry means that we have the second form of such and such a verb:

• gave past from give - the translation should be looked for in the article give 2) ....[...] р.р. from .... - designation r.r. corresponds to the third form of the irregular verb:
• given r.r. from give - look for the translation in the article give

Usually at the end of English-Russian dictionaries there is a table of irregular (non-standard) verbs.

Only the very first formula of seven consists of one verb (which, by the way, makes it very easy and quick to distinguish it from all others), the rest - of two or three. In such formulas, verbs are divided into semantic (stand last) and auxiliary (stand before semantic).

The semantic verb is taken each time from the dictionary and strictly acquires the form given to it by the formula: ~~~~~~ing;

~~~~~~ed / 3rd form.

The auxiliary verb that takes the first place in the formula (to be or to have) constantly changes its form, thus showing right time.

The second auxiliary verb (in those formulas where it is: been / being) does not change in any way and serves only to given formula different from others.

Remember:

• all formulas are indivisible, i.e. not a single detail can be thrown out of them, except for the particle to; we must perceive them as one Russian word;
• no additional details can be entered into the formula, each formula already has its own finished form;
• any structural change in the formula either leads to its disintegration (if something is thrown out), or to some new formation (if something is added), which makes it equally incomprehensible;
• each formula already contains some signs of the situations described, and we must understand them, as native English speakers do.

For example:

• to be ~~~~~~ing

Active Continuous - the action is performed by the subject and is long in nature. By changing the form of the first auxiliary verb (be), we get the time in which this action was performed, is being performed or will be performed. So with each formula. Now let's look at our example again:

• Mom is sleeping now.

Let's try to translate this sentence into English.

We perform all actions in a strictly defined sequence:

1. Using the rule of word order in an English sentence, we put the subject Mother in the first place (we take it from the dictionary or head).
2. In second place in the sentence should be the predicate. Here you need to think about what formula and how to put it correctly in the sentence. In almost any case, the ability to correctly transfer the picture of the described situation from Russian into English depends precisely on the predicate - we must always remember this.

We start the analysis according to the table:

• Active or Passive? – Active 1, 2, 3, 4 – ? – 2 (continuous)

After the second step, we find the formula we need specifically for our situation and fix it:

• to be + ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ing

We find the semantic verb in the dictionary / head: sleep (slept) - the verb is incorrect, but for this formula it does not matter, because here we must add -ing to any verb. We insert a semantic verb into the formula:

• to be sleeping

But the resulting formula is still in the Infinitive form, not denoting any time.

And we need to show that the action is happening at the present moment, i.e. mom is sleeping (not sleeping or will sleep) - Present. Pause in work - we do not know how to designate the time.

How to put the found formula in the time corresponding to the described situation

A little higher, we already said that the execution time of the action depends on the form of the first auxiliary verb (in some formulas - to be, in others - to have). This means that the first auxiliary verb must somehow change to show the right time. How? Here we again make a small digression and turn to the Russian language. In Russian sentences, all verbs change their form depending on three features:

• time (I asked, I ask, I ask);
• face (I ask, you ask, he asks);
• number (I ask, we ask).

AT English sentences these three signs are also present, but only the first auxiliary verbs change according to them, all the same to be and to have.

Greetings to all lovers of English and grammar in particular :-P. Today, an interesting and useful selection awaits you again. One might think that important for correct speech irregular, modal and phrasal verbs, that's all you need to know. You are deeply mistaken if you think that studying regular verbs is a useless business, since everyone knows a simple mechanism when a word in the past number is added to [-ed]. Regular verbs in English In fact, regular verbs are the same as irregular and any others. They represent the noun. If you have a noun Cook, then you also have a verb to cookie. Just like when there was an ordinary word "google" which was used in the meaning of "search engine", but today the English language has given us "to google", which has become to mean "search in the google search engine".

Thus, learning the right English verbs, you learn this unit, and the noun, and the grammar of the formation of the past tense - three in one. Any English language course includes the study of these words in its program. Therefore, having studied difficult irregular, modal, phrasal, you should not ignore the usual regular verbs. These words - main part expressing emotions and feelings and constructing sentences.

Everyone knows that regular verbs are formed by adding to the second participle and the past tense ending [-ed]: Paint - painted - draw b, however, following this rule, it is necessary to take into account several important nuances:

• If the word ends with "e", then we do not duplicate it and add only the ending [-d]: Like - liked - like
• If the lexeme ends in a voiceless or hissing consonant, then the ending [-ed] is pronounced like "t": Polish - polished - ["pɒlɪʃt] - polish, S top - stopped - - stop. Please note that when forming Past Simple in monosyllabic verbs, the last consonant is doubled
• In the case when the unit ends with a voiced consonant or vowel, then the familiar [-ed] picks up the sound "d": Destroy - destroyed - - destroy. By the way, when a lexeme ends in “y” and it is preceded by a consonant letter, then when [-ed] is added, the “y” sound is reduced and “i” appears in its place: Study - studied - ["stʌdɪd] - to study. In the case when there is a vowel before "y", then no additional changes occur.
• If the word ends with "d" or "t", then [-ed] is pronounced as "id": Pretend - pretended - pretend, Start - Started - - start, start

Regular English verbs do not cause any particular difficulties, since the scheme for their formation is quite simple and transparent.

Table of 50 Regular English Verbs

You can download and print this table.