Modern map of the world. Large map of the world with countries in full screen

The maps of the world that we see from childhood - especially those that are shown to us at school - shape our idea of ​​how the world works. There would be nothing wrong with this if we did not forget that a flat map - is just a conditional and distorted representation of a round world.

However, many of us transfer the stereotypes learned through the map to our personal attitude towards real world. We begin to believe that there are countries that play a dominant role in the world, are in its center, and there are those that play a subordinate role, are on its periphery.

As will be seen below, in different countries- Russia, Europe, USA, China, Australia, Chile, South Africa - maps worlds are very different. It all depends on what the author of the map chooses in each of the following three conditions: 1) how to center the map relative to West and East; 2) how to center the map relative to North and South; 3) which projection method to use.

World map for Russia

The vertical axis of the world (the centering of the West and the East) passes through Moscow. The Americas and Australia are on the periphery of the world. The Pacific Ocean is not perceived as an integral space.

World map for Europe

The vertical axis of the world passes through London. As for Russian card here both Americas and Australia find themselves on the periphery of the world, and the Pacific Ocean is not perceived as an integral space. In addition, the equator (centering North and South) is shifted to the bottom half of the map, making Africa, South America, and Australia appear smaller in relation to North America and Eurasia than they really are.

World map for USA

The vertical axis of the world passes through the USA. America turns out to be an "island" washed by the Pacific Ocean from the west and Atlantic Ocean from the east. As in European map, here the equator is shifted to the lower half of the map, which makes the dimensions North America and Eurasia are much larger in relation to the size South America, Africa and Australia than that is in reality. In addition, the perception of Russia, India and China becomes more difficult for an American: these countries are present for an American twice - in the west and in the east.

World map for China

China on its map is located on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean. All the continents have access to this ocean, except for Africa and Europe, which thus find themselves on the periphery of the world.

World map for Australia

There is a general stereotype that what is above dominates, and what is below - is in a subordinate position. The Australians not only draw the vertical axis of the world through their mainland, they also place it on top of all others, turning the map 180 degrees. Like the USA, they turn out to be an island lying between three oceans: the Pacific, the Indian and the South. Another important role is played by Antarctica, hidden at the very bottom on all other maps.

World map for South Africa

South Africa, like Australia, is at the top, not the bottom of the map, which makes it perceived as a country that dominates all others. South Africa turns out to be a peninsula wedged between two oceans: the Indian and the Atlantic. The Pacific region and Russia go to the periphery of the world.

A political map of the World - geographic map, reflecting the countries of the world, their form of government and state structure. The political map reflects the main political and geographical changes: the formation of new independent states, the change in their status, the merger and division of states, the loss or acquisition of sovereignty, the change in the area of ​​states, the replacement of their capitals, the change in the names of states and capitals, the change in forms state government etc.

In a broad sense, political map the world is not only state borders countries plotted on a cartographic basis. It contains information about the history of the formation political systems and states, about the ratio of states in modern world, about the originality of regions and countries in their political structure, about the influence of the location of countries on their political structure and economic development.

At the same time, the political map of the world is a historical category, since it reflects all changes in the political structure and borders of states that occur as a result of various historical events.

Colorful political map of the world in English

All changes that have occurred on the political map for long history its formations are different. Among them, there are quantitative and qualitative changes. Quantitative ones include: accession of newly discovered lands; territorial gains or losses during wars; unification or disintegration of states; concessions or exchanges between countries of land areas. Other changes are qualitative. They consist in the historical change of socio-economic formations; the country's acquisition of political sovereignty; the introduction of new forms of government; the formation of interstate political unions, the appearance and disappearance of "hot spots" on the planet. Quantitative changes are often accompanied by qualitative ones. Recent events in the world show that quantitative shifts on the political map are increasingly giving way to qualitative ones, and this leads to the understanding that instead of war - the usual means of resolving interstate disputes - the path of dialogues, peaceful settlement of territorial disputes and international conflicts comes to the fore.

Political map of the world before the collapse of the USSR in Russian

Large detailed political map of the world in Russian

Political map of the world 2012

Political map of the world with real proportions of the areas of states

Political map of the world in Ukrainian

Large political map of the world

Political map of the world (Russian)

Map of Dependent Territories of the World

Very large and detailed political map of the world - Wikiwand Very large and detailed political map of the world

Old school, nostalgic political map of the world - Old school, nostalgic political map of the world

Political world map in English - Political World Map English

Political world map (relief) - Wikiwand Political world map (relief)

Political / Physical Map of the World - Political / Physical Map of the World

Political World Map - Political World Map

Political map of the Earth - Political map of the Earth

Political world map in Russian - Political World Map

Political World Map - Political World Map

Political World Map - Political World Map

Experts predict that in the near future the political map of the world will undergo major changes. The trend towards an increase in the number of states based on ethnic principles continues. At the same time, state borders that do not correspond to the nations living within them will lose their significance. On the other hand, international political alliances will play an even more important role.

This lesson is the first lesson in 10th grade. AT this lesson new terms are introduced, the main objectives of the course of study are briefly said. Students get acquainted with the meaning of the economic and social geography of the world, its features, main concepts. In addition, the lesson discusses the features of the modern political map of the world, its quantitative and qualitative shifts.

Topic: Modern political map of the world

Lesson: Political map of the world

Economic and social geography peace - social science that studies the patterns of territorial distribution of social production, the conditions and characteristics of its development and location in various countries and areas.

Economic and social geography combines elements of geography, economics, sociology, it widely uses various methods research in both geographical science and other disciplines.

The subject of study of economic and social geography is the territorial aspect of social reproduction in specific socio-historical conditions.

The political map acts as an important tool for mastering knowledge of geography in grades 10 and 11. There are more than 230 countries on the modern political map of the world.

Rice. 1. Political map of the world

Types of changes in the political map of the world - various transformations on the political map.

Changes are both quantitative and qualitative.

Quantitative changes:

1. Accession to the territory of the state of newly discovered lands.
2. Acquisition or loss of land after the war.
3. Voluntary concessions.
4. Disintegration or accession of territories.

Qualitative changes:

1. Change political system in the country.
2. Formation of military blocs.
3. Education economic unions.

There are two important concepts in economic and social geography: boundaries and territories.

Country border is a line and a vertical surface passing through it, dividing the territory state sovereignty(which includes land, water, subsoil).

Borders are established on the basis of agreements between states. There are two ways to designate state borders:

1. Delimitation - the definition of boundaries on the map.
2. Demarcation - the definition and designation of boundaries on the ground with special boundary signs.

sovereign state- politically independent state independent in internal and external affairs. The state is the main object of the political map of the world.

Boundaries differ in the way they are drawn:

1. Orographic boundaries - are drawn along natural boundaries (rivers, mountains, etc.).
Examples: Russia - China, Russia - Georgia, USA - Mexico.
2. Geometric boundaries - are drawn in straight lines without taking into account the features of the terrain.
Examples: Niger - Mali, Chad - Libya, Libya - Egypt.
3. Astronomical boundaries - are drawn through points with certain geographic coordinates.
Examples: USA - Canada.

Rice. 2. US-Canada border

Territory- is a part earth's surface with its inherent anthropogenic and natural resources, conditions.

Territories are state, international and with a mixed regime.

state territory- a piece of the earth's surface under the sovereignty of a state.

The state territory includes land, inland waters, territorial waters and bowels.

Territorial waters are a strip coastal waters 3 to 12 nautical miles wide.

1 nautical mile - 1852 meters.

Territories with international regime- territories lying outside the state territory. These earthly spaces are in the common use of all states in accordance with international law.

Examples are Antarctica and outer space.

Territory with mixed regime- these are areas of the World Ocean, the bottom outside the territorial waters.

Special territorial regimes- these are international legal regimes that determine the procedure for the use of any territory.

Non-Self-Governing Territories:

1. Colonies.
2. Overseas departments or freely associated states.

The colony- this is dependent territory, which is under the rule of a foreign state (metropolis), without independent political and economic power, governed on the basis of a special regime.

Small island nations in the Pacific Ocean are examples.

Currently on the political map of the world there is great amount disputed territories.

Examples of such territories are Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, Western Sahara, Kurile Islands, Nagorno-Karabakh.

As a result, there are unrecognized or partially recognized states- Territories that independently proclaimed their sovereignty without the consent of the UN.

Examples: Republic of Northern Cyprus, Kosovo, Taiwan.

Homework

Topic 1, P. 1

1. What is a colony? In what parts the globe did the colonial possessions survive?

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 cells: Textbook for educational institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Proc. for 10 cells. educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovskiy. - 13th ed. - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Rodionova I.A., Elagin S.A., Kholina V.N., Sholudko A.N. Economic, social and political geography: the world, regions, countries: Educational and reference manual / Ed. prof. I.A. Rodionova. - M.: Ekon-Inform, 2008. - 492 p.

4. Universal Atlas of the World / Yu.N. Golubchikov, S.Yu. Shokarev. - M.: Design. Information. Cartography: AST: Astrel, 2008. - 312 p.

5. Atlas with kit contour maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., cart.: tsv. incl.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a reference book for high school students and university applicants. - 2nd ed., corrected. and dorab. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.

Literature for preparing for the GIA and the Unified State Examination

1. Control and measuring materials. Geography: Grade 10 / Comp. E.A. Zhizina. - M.: VAKO, 2012. - 96 p.

2. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified state exam 2012. Geography: Tutorial/ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukov. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2012. - 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of typical options for real tasks of the USE: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.

5. State final examination 9th grade graduates new form. Geography. 2013: Textbook / V.V. Drums. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2013. - 80 p.

6. USE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.

7. Tests in geography: Grade 10: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovskiy “Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.