Twin mushrooms are poisonous and edible. Mushroom twins - dangerous gifts of the forest

To date it is known a large number of edible, as well as inedible and deadly, or, which can be safely called twins due to their pronounced external similarity. Almost all “quiet hunting” lovers with many years of experience are well versed in mushrooms and can easily distinguish edible species. For novice mushroom pickers, an information table will help to distinguish inedible and dangerous to life and health twin mushrooms.

Edible twin mushrooms

Edible mushrooms are called species of mushrooms that can be consumed for food purposes without risk to human life and health. As a rule, all of them have a fairly high gastronomic value and are characterized by excellent taste, as well as very good nutritional value. Of course, knowing by heart all the edible varieties of mushrooms is not just difficult, but almost impossible. the highest category and fruit bodies of conditionally edible species have many similarities. external characteristics, allowing us to call them twins.

Among other things, there is great amount conditionally edible species. Fruiting bodies of such varieties are categorically unsuitable for eating raw, therefore, they are subjected to mandatory heat treatment before use. Depending on the species, the fruiting bodies of conditionally edible mushrooms can simply be boiled several times before the main preparation, be sure to drain the resulting mushroom broth, but there are also species that are suitable for cooking after a short soaking.

How to distinguish edible mushrooms from false ones (video)

In almost all types of edible mushrooms, tubules or a spongy layer are located under the hat, and when collecting lamellar varieties, attention should be paid to the frequency of the location of the plates, the way they are attached to the stem, the color of the spore powder, as well as the presence or absence of the Volvo and the ring that remain after ripening .

Among other things, a significant part changes the color of the pulp on the cut or as a result of pressure, which should also be taken into account when picking mushrooms. Therefore, before going to the forest, you should ask what color certain edible mushrooms can be painted in.

Inedible doppelgangers

As a rule, such mushrooms have an unpleasant smell or taste, have small or unattractive and hard fruiting bodies, or grow in specific places.

Dangerous twin mushrooms

Such twin mushrooms have species-specific differences from edible varieties, including structural features of the hymenophore, shape and coloration fruiting body. It makes no sense to focus on the smell of such mushrooms, since many edible species do not have a pronounced mushroom aroma, and on the contrary, poisonous counterparts can have a very pleasant and strong smell.

Features of edible mushrooms (video)

In the process of picking mushrooms, it is very important to strictly adhere to the following simple rules and recommendations:

• collection and especially eating even after a long heat treatment unfamiliar mushrooms is strictly prohibited;
• it is impossible to collect old and insect-damaged mushrooms, even those belonging to edible species;
• cannot be stored for a long time harvested mushrooms without processing;
• mushroom picking is not allowed major cities, as well as near highways or industrial facilities production.

When the first signs of mushroom poisoning appear, it is very important to as soon as possible provide the victim with qualified medical care by delivering to the nearest medical facility. You should first provide first aid, which consists in gastric lavage, the use of activated charcoal or another adsorbent, as well as reducing the risk of dehydration. It is important to note that success in the treatment of fungal poisoning will directly depend primarily on how quickly and efficiently the entire volume of medical care will be provided to the victim.

The five most poisonous mushrooms in Russia (video)

Very often, poisonous mushrooms are similar to edible mushrooms collected in the forests of Primorsky Krai, and an inexperienced mushroom picker can easily confuse them. In some cases, this similarity of twin mushrooms is quite small, but sometimes mushrooms are so similar that even an experienced mushroom picker can make a mistake when identifying mushrooms. Such mushrooms are called twin mushrooms.
Many types of twin mushrooms are known, and it is especially dangerous that many deadly have edible twins. poisonous mushrooms. This is what often leads to fatal errors when collecting mushrooms, is one of the most common causes of mushroom poisoning.
In this section, we provide examples with illustrations of mushrooms. similar friend on a friend and dangerous by their similarity.

For example, such a mushroom as the Chanterelle has its poisonous counterpart, the Chanterelle is not real. edible chanterelle the whole is painted in a uniform egg-yellow color, and in the false one the lower part of the cap is brighter than the upper part and the stem. The edge of the hat of the false chanterelle is very even, while that of the real one is wavy.

White mushroom has two inedible counterparts - gall fungus and a damn mushroom. In appearance, it is difficult to distinguish them, but if the mushroom is broken, then at the break, the flesh of the boletus retains its white color, and the pulp of the gall fungus quickly turns pink, the damn mushroom first turns red and then turns blue. The leg of the boletus is dense, speckled with white veins, that of the devil's mushroom is very swollen at the base, with a reddish mesh at the top.
With a devil's mushroom, they confuse or mistakenly call the mushroom called Satanic in reference books.

Honey mushrooms also have twins. Poisonous relatives of honey mushrooms are well known - Sulphurous yellow and Brick red. Like real mushrooms, fake ones grow in groups on old stumps and tree roots. False (Fake) honey agaric is similar to edible, but smaller, thinner and does not have a film. The hat of a real honey agaric is copper-colored, with small brown scales, while a fake one has a gray-yellow color, reddish in the center. The plates of a real honey agaric are first light, and then brown, in a fake one they are greenish-gray. The pulp of fake honey agaric has a bitter taste.

What to do if you are poisoned by mushrooms.
Doctors' advice. If poisoning happens, remember! Drinking plenty of water and gastric lavage, immediately after the onset of symptoms of poisoning, will help you cope with trouble before the doctor arrives.
No pills, let alone alcohol! You can afford to drink activated carbon that adsorbs harmful substances and as much liquid as possible.
When poisoned by neurotoxins, the patient shows signs of damage nervous system- intermittent breathing, convulsions, tremors and loss of orientation in space. Drinking, resting, and a doctor are all you can do in such a case.

Depending on the type of mushroom, the appearance of signs of poisoning can occur both after a few minutes (20-30) and after hours (up to eight hours). Cases are described when poisoning manifested itself in a person almost two days after eating mushrooms.
What happens during poisoning - after a while you feel pain or discomfort in the abdomen, it can be bloating or gas, then weakness appears throughout the body, dizziness and nausea, sweat appears on the palms, chills begin to beat, the skin, as a rule, turns pale because of the outflow of blood, breathing becomes difficult, thoughts are confused.

You can't delay! At the first sign, you should immediately seek medical help.
Try to calm down and cause a vomiting reaction (you can stick your fingers deep into your throat). If you have water and soda or potassium permanganate on hand (you can also use table salt), make a weak solution and drink as much as possible (to the point of nausea). Try to burp all the contents of the stomach.
In no case do not take antipyretic, sedative or painkillers, and even more so alcohol, this can only worsen the situation and, if poisoned by dung beetles, kill.
While waiting for the doctor, try to empty your stomach as much as possible, if you can't induce vomiting, try using an enema.
Do not make sudden movements, do not massage the stomach, the maximum that you can do is to provide the patient with peace and not a hot heating pad or wrap him with a blanket or blanket.
As a rule, physicians, upon admission of patients with mushroom poisoning, prescribe a course of general strengthening, stimulating and neutralizing the action of antipsychotic drugs. The course of treatment, depending on intoxication, can range from a week to a month and a half.
In especially severe cases, intensive therapy is used with complete cleaning with drugs that neutralize toxins in the blood and restore the functions of the liver and kidneys.
For home prevention after recovery, glycine and honey are used to improve brain activity and help restore heart function.

This search service created according to the author's own impressions, who tried to understand the mushrooms growing in the Southern Primorye.
Using books and sites dedicated to mushrooms, I have repeatedly come across inconsistencies in the description and definition of suitability for eating many mushrooms that I came across in forest hikes. Many catalogs contain not only controversial facts about non-edible mushrooms, but also false information about edible ones. I sent a number of such comments to the authors of resources about mushrooms, but so far there has been no reaction.
I am not a professional mushroom picker, but I often need knowledge about the edibility of a particular mushroom. Of course, it is unrealistic to remember all the species, their names, and, moreover, the Latin abbreviation of mushrooms. Far East, but I still managed to focus on how the mushroom looks, whether it is good for food or not quite.

If you are in dire need of more extensive knowledge about mushrooms, use electronic encyclopedia or scientific works from the library. There are very good book"Edible Mushrooms of the Far East" which, in my opinion, although there are a number of inaccuracies and errors, contains extensive information about spores, mycelium and the systematics of the mushroom world.
My goal was not to refute other people's theories or create something new in the systematization of mushrooms. There is only an "operational assistant of the mushroom picker", which allows you to "on the go" look and determine by appearance whether it is worth taking these mushrooms or not.

The service is designed in such a way that it will be easy for you, using the network and phone, to scroll through pictures with mushrooms and, by comparison, determine their suitability for food or harvesting.
Look at the mushroom, think about which of the pictures of the classifier the mushroom reminds you of and go to the section for comparing images with your find.
By selecting a conditional category or using the full catalog with pictures and photographs of mushrooms, simply scroll through the images until you see a mushroom similar to the one you are looking for. One of the inscriptions - tasty, edible, conditionally edible, not edible, poisonous will tell you whether you should take this mushroom or not.
In addition, the site contains more detailed information about palatability, methods of cooking and harvesting the mushrooms you have collected. Most famous recipes dishes with mushrooms, rare dishes and pickles. Useful although not edible mushrooms are described in the form of recipes traditional medicine, and not the standard methods of using poisonous and hallucinogenic mushrooms are described in the closed section, which not everyone is destined to get into - at the entrance to the section you will have to pass a small test for the adequacy of information perception.

I love to collect, cook and eat mushrooms, treat my friends and tell stories about mushroom pickers and forest wanderings.
I wish you a successful "quiet hunt" and bon appetit!

We all have heard that there are twins of edible mushrooms, the use of which can be dangerous to our life and health. But what if you are going to the forest for the first time and do not know how to distinguish edible from poisonous? That is why today we will tell you what real twin mushrooms look like.

And we will talk with you about fly agaric, gall fungi and silverfish. Let's talk about what mushrooms they are most often confused with.

• Poisonous mushroom double honey agarics

Dangerous to health twin of the porcini fungus

We have all heard about the porcini mushroom, which is considered the standard. For example, mushroom pickers often evaluate their “harvest” by quantity. But, unfortunately, if you are a non-professional, then this species can be easily confused with gall. So let's figure out how we can keep our health.

We have already decided on the name of the dangerous double white fungus. Now let's talk about how to distinguish it from the original. First of all, you need to pay attention to the leg.

If it is evenly covered with a light mesh, then this is most likely exactly white mushroom. But if the grid is dark and is located only on the upper part of the leg, then you need to look at this instance more carefully. Then, in order to make sure whether the white mushroom is in front of you or not, make a small incision on the leg.

If the pulp remains white a few minutes after the cut, then this is definitely an edible product. But if the flesh has turned pink, then such a “harvest” should be thrown away immediately, since you managed to pluck the gall fungus.

By the way, another double of the porcini fungus is considered satanic. Its distinguishing feature is a reddish mesh throughout the stem and a red tubular layer. And a few minutes after the cut, the flesh can turn dark purple.

Dangerous mushroom double champignon

This species is most often confused with the white fly agaric. And he, as you know, is quite dangerous for our lives.

The differences between champignon and white fly agaric are as follows:

• Champignon

1. Egg-shaped hat. The pulp has nice smell. After touching, the hat may turn yellow;

2. The plates are pinkish or light red. They can also be dark brown;

3. The leg has a cylindrical shape, expanding closer to the base. Approximately in the middle of the leg is a small white circle with a yellowish coating.

• white fly agaric

1. The hat at the very top is rounded-conical in shape, closer to the bottom it becomes more open. The pulp of the cap has an unpleasant odor;

2. Records are very loose. Most often there are white color. They can also be light pink;

3. The leg is thin, slightly swollen near the base. The ring on the leg is quite wide with stripes.

If you know about such distinctive features, then the likelihood of consuming a poisonous product will become much less. Now you understand that you need to carefully consider all the mushrooms so that there is no dangerous crop in the basket.

By the way, the white fly agaric family also includes pale grebes. And a lot can be said about the consequences of poisoning with them. The fact is that all the signs of poisoning with a pale toadstool can appear some time after it is eaten. It is for this reason that people quite often do not even immediately remember what they ate. And, unfortunately, in most cases, they simply do not have time to provide the necessary assistance in case of poisoning. Therefore, when collecting forest beauties you have to be very careful.

Poisonous mushroom double honey agarics

Mushrooms are also quite popular with gourmets. And most often they are confused with sulfur-yellow false-openets. In fact, these two mushrooms are really similar to each other. Therefore, if you are not one hundred percent sure what you put in the basket useful product it's best not to touch it at all.

A real honey agaric has a cream or honey-yellow cap. The smell of the pulp is quite pleasant.
The plates are also light yellow or cream. The stem at the base can be brown, black or brown. And the top is white. If you take it in your hand, the leg should be velvety to the touch.

False mushrooms are distinguished by a gray-yellow hat with a reddish dot on top. The plates are also gray-yellow or greenish. The leg has the same light yellow color.

Signs of poisoning with false mushrooms doubles

As you already understood, it is not difficult to confuse edible and poisonous mushrooms. Therefore, you need to clearly know what the consequences of poisoning can be. So you can notice all the negative symptoms in time and consult a doctor.

So, the main symptoms of such poisoning include:

• severe nausea and vomiting;
• Significant abdominal pain and diarrhea;
• Heat. Although this symptom is individual, since someone can no longer get out of bed with a temperature of 37 degrees;
• Cold hands and feet.

Fly agaric poisoning has some features. In this case, signs of poisoning such as delirium, the appearance of hallucinations, or the manifestation of a state that may be similar to insanity can be noted.

Similar signs can appear as early as one and a half to two hours after eating a poisoned product. When the first symptoms appear, you should immediately call a doctor or ambulance. If you have to wait for a doctor for some time, try to lie down constantly and drink plenty of warm water.

So you will prevent the spread of poison to all tissues in the body.

By the way, there is a risk of poisoning and edible mushrooms. But this can only happen if you wash them poorly. The fact is that the soil may contain spore-bearing rods, which are the causative agents of such a serious disease as botulism. Symptoms of such a disease are complete or partial visual impairment, headache, convulsions, or difficulty breathing.

Attention! If you notice at least two of all these symptoms, then you should immediately consult a doctor. After all, the consequences can be very negative.

As you can see, such gifts of the forest can significantly spoil our lives. And with an unfavorable development of events, such poisoning can be fatal. Therefore, before eating a mushroom, be sure to make sure that it is non-poisonous.

If you don’t have such confidence, then you should show your “harvest” knowledgeable people or throw it out of harm's way. Be healthy!

by the materials mjusli.ru