Animals of Crimea: species and habitats. Insects and animals of the Crimea Plants and animals of the Crimean mountains

Today there are 58 species of land mammals in Crimea. We will begin to tell with more primitive and small ones.

Bat

There are 18 species of bats in Crimea, we call them bats. In terms of the number of species, this is the most numerous order of mammals on the peninsula. Shoulders, forearms together with elongated fingers of the forelimbs, sides of the body, hind limbs and abdomen bats covered with leathery membranes that serve as wings.

Mammals of the chiroptera order mastered the heavenly expanses much later than birds, therefore they are active only in the dark. Having very poor eyesight and good hearing, bats navigate using echolocation apparatus. Animals constantly send ultrasonic waves into space and, picking up response signals, distinguish objects around them. All Crimean species of bats feed exclusively on insects. They maintain balance among insects with nocturnal activity by regulating their numbers.

horseshoe

The most common species of bats in the Crimea are two species, large and small. These animals are distinguished by characteristic horseshoe-shaped outgrowths on the nose. They fly out to hunt twice a day - in the evening and before dawn. The hunt ends in the pre-dawn twilight. Horseshoe bats are bad flyers; in inclement weather, their flight may be delayed or even not take place.

Bats pair up in autumn, and females are fertilized in spring. The cub that was born (sometimes two) gets on the membrane and crawls to the mammary gland, holding tightly to the skin of the mother. At first, the female flies with him in search of food. But the baby grows quickly - in a month you can no longer distinguish it from an adult.

Bats are gullible, so there are few of them left in the Crimea. People killed bats out of ignorance, out of fear, and someone just for fun. Curious cases happen to tourists in caves where bats live. Ultrasonic waves are absorbed in a person's lush hair, and a harmless animal in need of protection sometimes flies there without any malicious intent, by mistake - to the great fear and disgust of the city tourist. Obviously, this is also why a headdress is not superfluous in caves and grottoes.

The largest bat Crimea - giant party, reaching 10.4 cm in length and 76 g in weight. The smallest bat dwarf bat has a length of about 3-4 cm and 3-9 g of weight.

Gopher

The hot waterless steppe is inhabited gophers- insatiable funny rodents the size of a rat. Gophers are painted in the color of grass, because already at the beginning of summer you can’t hide in withered grass. The animals whistle from time to time, standing on their hind legs near their minks and observing. At noon, gophers sleep in deep cool minks, and when it is especially hot, they fall into a second, summer hibernation. Enemies of gophers in nature - steppe polecat, fox, gull-gull, birds of prey.

Jerboa jumps on long hind legs, balancing with a long tail with a tassel. This makes him look like a kangaroo. He uses his front paws only for leisurely movement, digs the ground with them, takes food. But on the rear, it can make two-meter jumps, and when running away, it develops speeds of up to fifty kilometers per hour. And he is smaller than a hedgehog!

Its permanent burrows are up to three meters deep, of complex structure, with emergency exits. For hibernation the jerboa prepares the room underground even deeper and warmer. The food of the jerboa is grains of wild and cultivated cereals, melons and gourds, root crops. He also eats insects.

Jerboa

Hamster gray omnivorous, but prefers plant foods. It stores up to 16 kilograms of grain for the winter, carrying it in cheek pouches. It hibernates only in the most severe winters. Few people like the character of a hamster. It is smaller than a cat, but it fights with large dogs, and near its hole it may not retreat even from a person. If in captivity a female gives birth to cubs, she, as a rule, immediately eats them. So judge for yourself.

Looks a lot like a hamster gray hamster . It differs only in size - almost half the size.

white-bellied hedgehog belongs to the order of insectivores. He does not shun plant food - fruits, seeds, roots, but the basis of his diet is insects and their larvae. Hunting in the evening and at night, the hedgehog eats snails, worms, lizards hiding between stones and even snakes. Strongly hungry, the hedgehog attacks small rodents and its distant relatives - shrews. A hedgehog is born already with spines, but they are soft and all are “combed” back. Hedgehogs are smart and tame well. They only interfere with their nocturnal lifestyle - until the morning they scratch and snort, hunting for mice, spiders, cockroaches, crickets ...

In the steppe can meet hare hare. It is grey, with a brownish back. The color of his coat hardly changes after seasonal lines. Long auricles serve the hare for heat dissipation in the heat, like a protruding tongue of a dog. And also these are hearing organs - two independent from each other, the thinnest sound pickups. In the people, a hare is called oblique. Why? Predators have eyes that are known to point forward to look for prey. They rarely run away and look back. But in herbivorous animals, in peaceful birds and fish, monocular vision: each eye with a maximum viewing angle sees its own part of space.

The mother feeds her hares and leaves them one by one in secluded places for 3-4 days, watching from afar to help in case of danger. The hare rarely visits the children, but they do not die of hunger. These animals have an instinct that obliges each "dairy" hare to feed other people's babies. On the seventh day, the teeth erupt in the hares, they begin to feed on their own, and after another three days they leave the nest and no longer remember their not too affectionate mother. However, when enemies appear, the hare behaves selflessly - it rushes about in circles, diverting attention from the kids.

Today in the Crimea there are 58 species of land mammals.

Fox

Lives in the Crimean mountains mountain fox, and in the steppe its subspecies - steppe fox. The main fox food is mice, gophers, hamsters, hedgehogs, bird eggs, and if you're lucky, then the birds themselves, hares and wild rabbits. And already completely without pleasure, from hunger, it eats insects, frogs, lizards, and even carrion. The need will force!

Neither a fox, nor even a wolf (which is believed to have long been absent from the Crimea) cannot be compared in bloodthirstiness with a tiny, cute and very funny, at first glance, caress. By the way, it can be tamed if raised in a house, and the weasel will sleep on a pillow near the head of the owner, make friends with a cat and a dog, bring fun to the family with its playfulness and tireless curiosity. The house where the tamed weasel lives will be absolutely clean from rodents and insects. It is a pity that in captivity this animal rarely lives up to five years. This animal is a real robber...! Whom does he not attack? It can be mice and moles, hares and rabbits, chickens and partridges, as well as a host of other animals - all this becomes the prey of a miniature predator.

During fox mating games, grooms claiming the attention of females walk in front of the chosen one on their hind legs, performing a peculiar and very amusing dance. People spied on him, then they themselves learned this dance, giving it the name foxtrot (“fox step”).

Belodushka

Belodushka we call the stone marten with white fur on the throat and on the chest. Elegant, graceful, beautiful white woman is a brave, voracious and incredibly agile predator, not alien, however, to vegetarian food. In summer and autumn, the marten is supplemented with thorns, hawthorn, pears and grapes. Unlike the common marten, the barnacle does not climb trees, but if it climbs into home chicken coop(usually in the middle of the night), then effortlessly, in a few minutes, he will strangle the entire bird family, restless with horror, there.

Badger- a peaceful representative of the bloodthirsty family of mustelids, which includes such indomitable predators as mink, otter, sable, wolverine, ermine, and from the Crimean ones - ferret, weasel and marten. "Family" energy and courage are manifested in the omnivorous badger not in bloody robberies, but in tireless useful work. He digs holes for himself several floors, to match the caves; the total length of the underground "halls" and "galleries" can reach twenty meters.

Each otnork has its own purpose, and the floor is always lined with fragrant herbs for disinfection. Burrow cleaning is carried out daily; badgers completely change their bedding twice a year. The hole is constantly expanding, deepening, improving and, surrounded by the holes of its neighbors, eventually becomes part of a large badger town. The animal eats mushrooms, nuts, acorns, berries, root crops, eats snails, mice, ground squirrels. For honey, the badger climbs into the nests of wild bees. They sting him, but he endures, because he loves sweets very much.

The badger is a peaceful animal, but a rare hunting dog, which has chased foxes many times under a shot, will dare to poke its nose into the badger "town". She knows, feels that the owner will not leave his home and family, that he will fight, and one of the opponents will have to die in this dungeon.

It is believed that in 1922 the last Crimean was killed. wolf but the road is open to them. Perekop is narrow, gray robbers cannot run across it in a large flock in order to settle again in a fertile land.

raccoon dog- the Far Eastern predator, which is not very suitable for fishing, was acclimatized in the Crimea twice. For the first time, these animals did not take root, and after the second resettlement they mastered the flat areas, including Belogorsky and Leninsky. The beast is omnivorous, but more prone to animal food.

A wild boar

A wild boar has long lived in the Crimea, but XIX century was completely destroyed by hunters. To restore the population in 1957, one wild boar was brought here from the Chernihiv region, and 34 wild pigs from the Primorsky Territory.

Boars are omnivores. The basis of the diet - roots, acorns, mushrooms, all kinds of fruits and nuts. In addition, there are insects, their larvae, rodents, bird eggs, and even when it is completely hungry, the boar does not disdain carrion.
In November-December, single adult males join the herds of wild pigs with young. Violent battles break out between the billhooks. The front part of the boar's body is protected by a "kalkan" - a thick layer of fat and connective tissue, not every bullet pierces this natural shell. The stomach, however, is not protected, so that for a weaker opponent, the duel can end in death.

But the winner collects a small "harem" - and already in early spring becomes the father of a family. The female feeds, warms the piglets, and if necessary, hides away, covering with leaves. At this time, it is extremely dangerous.
Seeing or smelling a person, a wild boar prudently leaves. But he does not forget insults and does not know fear.

Roe

Once upon a time in the forests and in the steppe part of the peninsula lived roe deer. People forced them into the mountain forest areas, and now most of the roe deer live on the slopes of the Main mountain range. Meeting in the forest with this gentle, graceful animal is not such a rarity. Seeing a person, the animal freezes, and realizing that it has been discovered, it is carried away into the depths of the forest.

Belonging to the same family, roe deer are very similar to deer. Both of them eat herbaceous plants, tree growth, buds, leaves and bark. Like deer, male roe deer wear branched antlers, hold mating tournaments in August-September, and then lose their weapons so that in the spring, in preparation for the next season, they begin to grow new ones. Roe deer in the Crimea are attacked by foxes and martens, but their worst enemy is, of course, the poacher.
Roe deer have excellent hearing. An alarm signal given by one roe deer is received by all animals within a radius of three kilometers.

Crimean red deer

The largest of our animals Crimean red deer found in mountain forests. There are males weighing up to 260 kilograms and up to 140 centimeters high at the withers. The deer is light-footed, slender, with a proud head posture and wide branched antlers. It is to this noble article that he owes his name. The age of the Crimean deer is 60-70 years. The age of young males corresponds, as a rule, to the number of processes on the horns. The age of older animals is determined by the chewing surface of their teeth.

Horns are the deer's weapon. In Crimea, he has no enemies (except hunters), so his horns serve only for tournament fights in September mating season. At this time, usually before sunrise, the forest resounds with the inviting roar of males.

The number of deer in the Crimean forests was constantly changing, and at the beginning of the 20th century they were almost completely exterminated. Since 1923, with the formation of a protected hunting economy, shooting has decreased, and by 1941 more than two thousand deer were bred in the forests of Crimea. Today, as the huntsmen say, the number of deer is “regulated” by the poachers themselves.

Crimea can rightly be called "little Australia". Firstly, on this unique peninsula there are three climatic zones: temperate continental climate of the steppes, mountain belt and subtropics of the southern coast. Secondly, here grows great amount endemic plants and many endemic animals. Thirdly, in a relatively small area (just over 26 thousand square kilometers) there are about 50 salt lakes and 257 rivers flowing.

The high Crimean mountains, the proximity of two seas at once - the Black and Azov, ancient cities- all this led to the uniqueness of the nature of the Crimea.

Flora of Crimea

Flora Crimean peninsula very unusual and unique. Its diversity is astounding. So, on the peninsula there are over 2500 species of plants. For comparison: only 1,500 species of vegetation grow in the European part of Russia. In addition to endemics, there are many relict plants - those that have not been seen for many millennia. BUT main feature Crimean flora is that it varies significantly from north to south.

In the north of Crimea, where the Kerch Peninsula is located, is the kingdom of hilly steppes. Most of them are plowed under agricultural land. Only uncultivated grain areas remained uncultivated: solonchaks, ravines, gullies, rocky plains. In this part of the Crimea, cultivated plantations and crops predominate.

If we move from here to the south, we will find ourselves in a zone of foothills, where the steppe is replaced by forest-steppe. Linden, ash, skumpia, hornbeam, a lot of juniper, pear, and hawthorn are more common here.

Even further south, the forest-steppe gradually develops into a strip of oak forests. Dubnyak, by the way, occupies more than 60% of the peninsula. Among the varieties, the most popular are rocky, fluffy, pedunculate oaks. Oak forests in the Crimea are very light, sparse, with luxurious undergrowth and tall grass.

A little higher in the mountains are the richest beech forests. These mighty trees grow at an altitude of 700 to 1200 m above sea level. Beech forests amaze with their grandeur and silence. They are dense, dark, without undergrowth and grasses, only a sea of fallen leaves wraps around the roots of trees. And only on the very peaks of the Crimean Mountains, beech trees are small and gnarled. And often here they are interspersed with hornbeams.

In rocky damp places, thickets of berry yew, a relict tree that has been preserved since the Tertiary period, have been preserved.

However, the very peaks of the Crimean Mountains are usually called Yayla. Yayla is a chain of peculiar table-like flat peaks connected by deep passes. Once upon a time there were beautiful pastures with lush grass and meadow plants. Most of endemics of the Crimea grows on yayla.

And further south begins the descent to the sea, and the flora in these places is simply amazing with the brightness of greenery and diversity. On the southern slopes of the mountains, beech forests give way to pine forests. Even further south, the shilyak belt begins (sparse woody-shrub forests), where fluffy oaks, juniper, pistachios, strawberries, Pontic larch, dense thickets of dogwood and prickly derzhitree meet.

But it should be noted that on the southern coast of Crimea, the shiblyak in its original form was preserved only in some places: in Laspi Bay, on Capes Martyan, Aya. Basically, this part of the peninsula has undergone significant changes due to human activities. It is here that all the health resorts and resorts of Crimea are located, and the plants in this part of the peninsula are 80% imported. But many have been growing here for centuries. So, for example, birch is an extremely atypical tree for the Crimea. It was brought here from Russia only some 200-250 years ago.

In total, the area of Crimean parks stretched over 2,000 hectares. Here you can already find exotic plants brought to the peninsula from all over the world: cypresses, figs, crocuses, almonds, over 20 thousand species of orchids, ferns, tulips and cyclamens.

Fauna of Crimea

Uniqueness geographical location The peninsula also determined the uniqueness of the fauna. There are many endemic animals in Crimea, but at the same time animal world represented much poorer than, for example, even in the neighboring regions of Russia and Ukraine.

Studies have shown that ostriches and giraffes once lived in the Crimea. Then, with climate change, the peninsula moved reindeer and foxes. Thus, the fauna of the peninsula is an amazing conglomerate of the most diverse species, many of which have adapted to local habitat conditions.

The ichthyofauna is richly represented: marine fish There are over 200 species, many live permanently, more than 50 species are in transit, traveling along the coast of Crimea to the Bosphorus. AT fresh waters lakes and rivers, zoologists have counted 46 species of fish, and 14 species are "aboriginal". The rest, such as carp, pike perch, perch, crucian carp, silver carp, grass carp were introduced and perfectly acclimatized in the Crimea.

Of the amphibians, the most common are lake and tree frogs, toads and newts. And of the 14 species of Crimean reptiles, only the steppe viper is poisonous. There are many snakes, copper snakes, there are yellow-bellied, four-striped and leopard snakes. Only one species of turtles lives in Crimea - marsh ones. They inhabit mainly mountain waters. But at once there are 6 species of lizards, among which Crimean, rocky and nimble ones are more common.

Birds in the Crimea and more than 200 species. More than 60% of them nest on the peninsula, about 17 species arrive on the peninsula for wintering. Large birds of prey have chosen to live in mountainous areas. These are eagles, ospreys, imperial eagles, golden eagles, vultures, black vultures, sea eagles, peregrine falcons, eagle owls, saker falcons, griffon vultures. Sandpipers, larks, quails are found in the floodplains of river valleys, bustards and little bustards are found in the steppe. Pelicans can be seen on the Crimean coast. But mostly they live here. sea birds: gulls, terns, ducks, geese, gray herons, cormorants. And on the Swan Islands you can see a huge number of species of swans.

As for mammals, there are about 60 species of them in the Crimea. They live mainly in nature reserves, sanctuaries and mountainous areas. Their predators are weasels, foxes, badgers, martens. Hares and ferrets are found in the steppes and forests. In the mountainous regions and foothills, red deer and wild boars. Fallow deer and moufflons have been introduced recently, attempts are being made to revive the population of these animals, but so far to no avail. Once upon a time, wolves also lived in the Crimea, but the last of the wolf tribe disappeared at the beginning of the last century.

There are 4 representatives of marine animals on the coast of Crimea: these are monk seals and three species of dolphins.

Climate in Crimea

The ridge of the Crimean mountains protects the peninsula from air masses coming from the continent, and therefore a tropical climate is preserved on the southern coast with warm summer, hot sun, abundance of greenery and warm sea water.

Spring in Crimea is incredibly beautiful and varied. Heavy rains and fogs are often replaced by clear, fine days. Opening in May bathing season. Summer is not hot, as sea breezes cool the air considerably. The temperature "ceiling" is observed at the height of July, when the air warms up to +36°С +38°С.

Until mid-October, warm autumn reigns on the coast - sunny, velvety. And only at the end of December, winter sets in - not cold, often with positive temperatures, rains and very rare snowfalls. But in the mountains, winter reigns with might and main, sweeping tall snowdrifts. In the mountainous regions of Crimea, winter lasts 100-120 days.

The fauna of the peninsula very varied. We already know that Crimea is divided into steppe and mountain. And also the peninsula is washed by the Black Sea. AT sea depths this peninsula is inhabited different kinds marine life.

The steppe peninsula is characterized by a wide distribution of various rodent species. These include various types of hamsters and ground squirrels, as well as mice. These inhabitants cause great harm to grain crops. The enemies of these inhabitants are the fox, ferret and weasel, which also live in steppe zone. The common hare is also found here.

The steppe Crimea is very densely populated by birds, especially a lot waterfowl, this is due to the presence of abundant food in the area. There is a bird sanctuary in the area of Karkinitsky Bay, which is of international importance. In total, about 230 species of birds live here or about 85 species nest. There are also various types of swans and herons. Several species of cranes live in the steppes.

Tit photo:alona779

Among the birds of prey, the steppe eagle is very rare, which destroys a huge number of rodents. Starlings, titmouses, finches, goldfinches settle in the forests.

Of the reptiles in the steppe zone, there is a steppe viper, which is poisonous. Of the lizards, there is a yellow-bellied, Crimean lizard.

steppe viper photo: Giacomo Radi

In the mountainous Crimea, the animal world is much more diverse than in the steppe. However, many years of human activity has led to the fact that many animal species have disappeared forever.

The permanent inhabitants of the Crimean forests are deer and roe deer, wild boar and foxes. Of the rodents, there are squirrels and various types of mice. Some subspecies of badgers and martens have also survived.

More than sixty years ago, the last wolf was exterminated. Currently, wolves are not found in the Crimea. Birds include tits, grouse jays, black vultures.

Black vulture photo: sharadagrawal931978

In the Black Sea off the coast of Crimea, there are a variety of marine life, including dolphins, which try not to swim up to the shore and keep a decent distance from it. Only sometimes in the distance you can see a flock of swimming dolphins. Jellyfish, which can often be seen near the shore. Touching it can cause discomfort in the form of a burning sensation on the skin.

Various types of mollusks live off the coast of Crimea. Small crabs and seahorses are one of the inhabitants of the sea in the Crimea.

Among the fish here lives herring, flounder, sea bass, gobies, mullet and red mullet.

Every year the number of marine life is decreasing due to human activities.

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Crimea is rightly called "Little Australia". This peninsula includes three climatic zones at once, so many different animals live on its territory.

fauna features

Crimea has a rather modest area of 27 thousand square kilometers, but at the same time, 50 salt lakes and 257 rivers are concentrated on it. Black and Sea of Azov washed by mountain and steppe massifs. All of the above factors determined the species diversity of animals, fish, birds and insects living in the region. There is evidence that in former times even ostriches and giraffes lived here, but against the backdrop of climate change, they were replaced by less heat-loving animals.

Since endangered species are found among the animals of the peninsula, it was decided to create the Red Book of Crimea. The publication is still in the project, but the animals included in the list have already been taken under protection.

Who lives in the steppe?

The fauna of the Crimean steppes includes white-bellied shrew, ground squirrel, jerboa, hamster, mole voles, foxes and many other representatives of the animal world. Among the birds of these latitudes there are bee-eaters, rollers, bustards, cranes, little bustards, steppe harriers and eagles.

The steppe viper is rarely seen here, much more often people meet four-stripe snakes and agile lizards. Nest in the steppe world of Crimea herons, mallards, long-nosed mergansers, cranes.

One of the most popular animals of the steppe - corsac. The steppe fox, called the corsac, belongs to the canine family. The body length of the animal is about half a meter, and the tail is up to 35 cm. The weight of an adult is no more than that of a large cat.

The fur coat of the corsac has a gray-yellow hue with a reddish tint, while the fur is lighter below, and the tip of the tail of this fox is darkened. Pursuing prey, corsac develops speed up to 60 km per hour. He is not averse to eating rodents, birds, and does not disdain carrion.

Domestic chickens often become victims of corsacs. There is a place in the diet of the fox for vegetarian food - she eats fruits and berries with pleasure.

Foothill areas

There are wolves and squirrels in the foothills of Crimea, but you won’t find many familiar inhabitants here Russian forests. But these lands are inhabited by representatives of various Balkan, Middle Eastern, Mediterranean and endemic species.

A rich fauna is represented on the northern slopes of Yayla, on the territory of the Crimean nature reserve. specially protected natural area inhabit Crimean deer, Crimean chamois, pine and stone martens. Local animals are distinguished by unique features. For example, they walk in their "summer" fur coat all year round.

Let's talk about some interesting inhabitants foothills of the Crimea in more detail.

Belodushka. The second name of the stone marten is white-headed. She is so named because white fur on the chest and collar. Slender and nimble, she easily sneaks into chicken coops, but she can also eat berries.

Noble deer. It is rightfully considered the pride of Crimea. Head it forest animal decorated with luxurious horns that increase with age. Herds of deer can be heard by the characteristic roar that resounds through the forest. In winter, they move closer to the gardens to find food there.

Mouflon. This is the name of the mountain sheep, which took root in this region in tsarist times. Its horns are in the form of a spiral, the weight can reach two centners. The acclimatization of this beautiful animal was not without difficulties, so the mouflon is a protected species. In summer, they hide from the heat in shady rocks and go out to eat grass only in the evening, and in winter, due to lack of food, they get closer to human homes.

Roe. During the active settlement of people, these animals were driven further into the mountains. They do not have tools to protect themselves from predators in the form of horns, but nature has endowed these graceful animals with very good hearing. It allows roe deer to hear the enemy from afar.

In addition to predators, they are hunted by poachers.

Doe. Rarely appears in the foothills of the peninsula. Nimble, quirky and very beautiful animals hardly adapt to the conditions of the Crimea. It has not yet been possible to significantly increase the population of these artiodactyls, but locals trying to protect the animal from the encroachments of poachers.

Who lives on the coast?

The southern coast abounds with reptiles and invertebrates.

Crimean gecko. These nimble creatures love to live in old buildings, where there are always deep cracks and various tunnels for them. For this reason, in former times they lived in old houses and courtyards.

They saved people from hordes of insects and thus rendered a service to man. But today, in the cities, their population has declined. The reason was the active development of the territories, as well as the attacks of cats that are not averse to feasting on these cute lizards.

Mantis. It got its name from the raised front legs. Of course, these creatures do not hold their limbs in this position at all in order to offer prayer. They just spend a lot of time in ambush, meticulously tracking down prey, and from this position it is easier for them to attack it. The growth of the mantis reaches 5 centimeters, so sometimes they come into a fight with sparrows.
Crimean ground beetle. This protected inhabitant of the Crimea has a purple color that shimmers in different colors. It is better not to touch it, otherwise the five-centimeter beetle will secrete a frightening secret. Ground beetles prey on mollusks and snails.

Among the feathered inhabitants of the coast, birds such as herons, mallards, cranes. In total, there are more than 200 species of Crimean birds, however, among them there are no unique ones living only in this region.

Inhabitants of reservoirs

More than two hundred fish live in numerous reservoirs of the peninsula, while a quarter of them periodically visit the Crimean waters from the Bosphorus. A lot in the region frogs, toads and newts. There is only one venomous snake living here - it is steppe viper. Inhabits water bodies and swamp turtle.

The fingers of this animal are equipped with membranes, allowing it to swim better, and the size of the shell usually does not exceed 15 cm in diameter. Turtles are diurnal- they sleep until dawn, and then begin to hunt medium-sized fish. Also, these animals are not averse to tasting plant foods. They spend the winter buried in mud.

Such animals can also be kept at home, in which case they wait out the cold season in the basement.

Dangerous wild animals

In addition to animals that cannot harm a person, quite a lot of animals live in the Crimea. dangerous creatures It is best to avoid meeting with them.

Black Widow

This dangerous view found not only in the steppes and forests, sometimes it can be seen in urban areas. The bite of a female black widow can be fatal. If it occurs, then you need to burn it with a match head or a hot object on fire and immediately go to the doctor. If help is late, severe body aches, trembling of hands and feet and dizziness will begin due to the defeat. nervous system hallucinations occur.

scolopendra

Ringed centipedes are not as dangerous as black widows, but their bite can cause serious discomfort. A bite is able to unsettle for several days, all this time the victim feels fever, aching muscles, and the bite itself can hurt for a long time. Skolopendra lives everywhere on the peninsula, besides it is very agile - suddenly appears and just as suddenly disappears.

steppe viper

Its habitat is wide: mountains, steppes, salt marshes, vineyards, sandy roads. She, like karakurt, is able to kill with her bite. After it, there is an increase in heart rate, dizziness, nausea, the appearance of blood in the urine.

The poison can be sucked out, each time rinsing the mouth with water or a solution of potassium permanganate, at the same time, there should be no wounds in the mouth, otherwise the poison will penetrate the body of the rescuer. Next, the wound is disinfected, a bandage is applied, but not a tourniquet.

The victim is forbidden to drink alcohol, he needs to drink as much as possible clean water. Such a person should be seen by a doctor as soon as possible.

South Russian tarantula

Mountains and steppes - favorite places tarantulas. Allergy sufferers are most at risk when meeting with him, for everyone else he is less dangerous. Signs of a bite from this spider are about the same as in the case of a black widow. The bite site should be burned with brilliant green, you should also consult a doctor.

A wild boar

Big and dangerous predatory beast once was exterminated in the territory of this region, but years later again settled in its forests. The habitat of wild boars is mountainous areas where oaks and beeches grow, because they are not averse to feasting on plant foods. They avoid meeting people, but if a collision occurs, then the boar is able to show strong aggression towards the stranger.

The most dangerous are females with piglets, they are ready to fight for their children not for life, but for death.

Scorpion

Displaced by people from the inhabited territories, he did not go too far, but began to settle right in the houses, more precisely, in their darkest and most damp rooms. Spiders, centipedes, praying mantises often become its prey, therefore scorpions to some extent help people fight dangerous insects.

They are nocturnal, so meeting them during the day is unlikely. Symptoms of a bite are similar to the reaction to the bites of others poisonous inhabitants Crimea: shortness of breath, pressure surges, chills or fever, dizziness.

They can appear both immediately and a day later, so a doctor's consultation after the incident should be obtained in the near future.

Protected species

Under protection are both unusual and interesting animals of the Crimea, and well-known arctic fox, wolverine, beaver, marmot, bear, steppe polecat, because their populations in the region are small. The only mouflons for many thousands of kilometers, including Eastern European ones, live in the Crimea. They came from the individuals that lived in the royal nursery, and therefore are of particular value.

Serpentine yellowbell has a body a meter long or a little more, it often frightens people, as it resembles a viper. The representative of the spindles is completely harmless, if you do not frighten him on purpose.

Unlike snakes, his eyes have eyelids that blink.

monk seal, which is also called the white-bellied seal, is critically endangered. According to scientists, the population of this rare animal has no more than 600 individuals in the world. So unusual name the seal received because of its solitary lifestyle, and its head is also decorated with a kind of short fur. Two-meter marine animals can reach a weight of three centners, however, they are able to dive quite deeply and return with prey.