Nouns in the plural of the genitive case. Null ending genitive plural

Difficult forms plural nouns

Among the forms of nouns, the formation of which may be associated with certain difficulties, one should include the plural forms nominative case (directors or directors, valves or valve?) and the genitive plural form of some nouns ( five grams and five grams, five oranges or five orange?)

1. Plural forms of the nominative case of nouns: directors or directors?

The nominative plural form of nouns is checked in dictionary order (according to the dictionary). See rubric "Word Check" on our portal. Please note: the search for a word in dictionaries is carried out by initial form(nominative case, singular)!

A dictionary entry reads as follows: if the entry does not contain special instructions into the plural form (litter pl.), then the ending is used to form the nominative plural -and or -s. If a different ending is required (or options are acceptable), then a litter is put: pl. -a. For example:

In the modern Russian literary language, options that fluctuate in the form of them. n. pl. h., have over 300 words. The focus of distribution of flexion -and I) are the spheres of vernacular and professional language. For this reason, the forms -and I) often have a colloquial or professional coloring: contracts, locksmith, turner. The forms on -s(s) more neutral and for most words meet traditional norms literary language. However, in some cases the forms -and I) have already supplanted the forms on -s(s).

In addition, you can remember a number of patterns that facilitate the choice of inflection (ending) of the nominative plural:

Declinable neuter nouns, the initial form of which ends in -KO, have unstressed plural inflection. h. im. P. -and (faces, feathers, apples). The exception is nouns with stressed plural endings. hours: troops and clouds.

Other neuter nouns in plural form. h take the ending -and I): swamps, fields, seas, windows.

Form on -and I some words may be singular or predominant: side - sides (sides only in phraseological combination hands to the sides); century - century (eyelids only in phraseological combinations for once, forever and ever, forever and ever), eye - eyes, meadow - meadows, fur - furs, snow - snow, stack - stacks, silk - silk.

Forms may have different meaning: tones(about color) and tones(about sound) of bread(about cereals) and loaves(about baked bread) workshops and workshops(at the enterprise) and workshops(medieval organizations of artisans).

Noun forms can differ in stylistic coloring: sides and outdated. sides; at home and outdated. houses; stern and outdated. stern; horns and outdated. and a poet. horns; varieties and outdated. varieties; volumes and outdated. then we, as well as thunders and a poet. thunder; coffins and a poet. coffin.

Finally, noun forms can be equal and interchangeable: of the year and years(but: years of youth, severe deprivation; nineties, zero years), workshops and workshops(at the enterprise), storm and storms.

In order to resolve the issue of the status of the "controversial" form of the word (non-normative, variant, stylistically colored, etc.), in any case, you need to refer to the dictionary.

Non-standard plurals are formed in words child - children, man - people, bottom - bottom and some others.

2. Plural forms of the genitive case of nouns: five grams or five grams?

For most nouns male, in the initial form ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock), characteristically ending -ov in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc. An extensive number of exceptions can be distinguished from this rule - similar nouns, but having a zero ending in the genitive plural: one stocking - no stockings, one Ossetian - five Ossetians, one gram - five grams and five grams etc. These words include:

Names of people by nationality and by belonging to military formations, mainly used in plural forms in a collective meaning: Magyars - Magyars, Turkmens - Turkmens, midshipmen - midshipmen and midshipmen, partisans - partisans, soldiers - soldiers; this also includes the form r. n. pl. h. human.

Names of paired items: boots - boot, eyes - eyes, cuffs - cuffs, shoulder straps - shoulder strap, stockings - stocking, epaulettes - epaulette, boots - boots.

Names of measures and units of measurement: 220 volts, 1000 watts, 5 amps, 500 gigabytes. If such names are used outside the "measuring" context (in other words, the genitive case form is not countable), then the ending is used -ov: live without excess kilograms, not enough gigabytes.

It should be noted that the names of fruits, fruits and vegetables, which are masculine nouns, in the initial form ending in a solid consonant ( orange, eggplant, tomato, tangerine), in the genitive plural form. hours have an ending -ov: five oranges, a kilogram of eggplant, New Year without tangerines, tomato salad.

For some nouns, the formation of plural forms. h. n. difficult; these are the words dream, prayer, head. On the contrary, words cheek and woodworker do not have other forms, except for the plural form. h. case.

See: "Russian Grammar", M., 1980.

1. List of words with the normative ending -Ы (-И) in the nominative plural:

2. List of words with the normative ending -А (-Я) in the nominative plural

Note:

1) It is necessary to remember the following forms:

BODIES (trunks) - BODIES (buildings)

CAMPS (political groups) - CAMPS (tourist)

HUSBANDS (state) - HUSBANDS (in families)

TEETH (in humans, animals) - TEETH (in a saw)

PASSES (spaces) - PASSES (documents)

ORDERS (knightly, monastic) - ORDERS (awards)

IMAGES (artistic) - IMAGES (icons)

TONES (sounds) - TONES (shades of color)

BREAD ( food products) - BREAD (cereals)

BOTTOM - DONYA

CHICKEN - HENS

PERSON PEOPLE

CHILDREN

LOG - LOG

SHIP - SHIPS

The noun NEDRA (earth) is used only in the plural and with the ending -A in the nominative case.

The following rhymes help memorize the normative formation of the form nominative number plural number of nouns:

Our kids know

The university has a professor A!

Negotiated -

We signed contracts.

2, Normative formation of the forms of the GENITAL PLURAL of some NOUNS

1. Nouns denoting the name of vegetables and fruits, mostly in the form of the genitive plural, have the ending -OB:

2. Nouns denoting the names of paired objects, mainly in the form of the genitive plural, have a zero ending:

Note:

To memorize the correct formation of the genitive plural form of nouns SOCKS and STOCKINGS allows the following mnemonic - a method of facilitated memorization:

SOCKS are short, but in the genitive plural we use the long word SOCKS;

STOCKINGS are long, but in the genitive plural we use the short word (with a zero ending) STOCKING.

In other words, the shorter, the longer, that is, the shorter the object, the long word: a pair of SOCKS - a pair of STOCKINGS.

If you are in doubt about how to correctly form the genitive plural from nouns SOCKS, STOCKINGS, then remember the following quatrain:

I left her inpledge

A couple of trendystocking

And went straight toPskov

With a box of coloredsocks .

3. Nouns denoting the name of nationalities, mostly in the form of the genitive plural, have a zero ending:

4. Nouns of the neuter gender ending in the nominative singular in -CE, in the genitive plural, as a rule, end in -EC:

5. Nouns denoting the name of a group of people by occupation, most often have a zero ending:

6. Nouns of the neuter gender ending in the nominative singular in -е without stress, and female on -Я without stress, have the ending -II in the genitive plural:

7. Nouns of the neuter gender, ending in the nominative singular in -ЁЁ, as well as feminine and common gender in -ЬЯ under stress, in the genitive plural have the ending -EY:

9. The following nouns in the genitive plural have the ending -EY:

10. The following nouns in the genitive plural have a zero ending:

11. The following nouns have the ending -OB in the genitive plural:

Note:

Remember the normative formation of the genitive plural of the following nouns.

« Spelling

noun endings

in the genitive form

plural"

Lesson summary

compiled by Chuzhinova S.A.,

teacher of Russian language and literature

MOU secondary school №1 them. A.K. Prosoedova

G. Georgievska

Stavropol Territory

Lesson topic
"Spelling the endings of nouns in the form of the genitive plural»

During the classes

1. Motivation to learning activities. (3 min.)

Purpose: to motivate students to learning activities by creating an emotional environment. The teacher greets the students. Creates a comfortable working environment in the classroom. Checks readiness for the lesson. Students greet the teacher, each other, check their readiness for the lesson, psychologically tune in to the lesson.

2. The stage of updating the knowledge of students. (4 min.)

Brain attack . Guys, today we will prepare for the New Year, go to the store, to the market, buy everything you need. Do you agree? But the question is: how to say correctly: bought 5 kg of oranges or an orange, 2 kg of tomatoes or a tomato, 5 bananas or a banana? How to say correctly: 5 kilograms or a kilogram? (student answers)

Do you want to know how to correctly write these nouns in the plural and avoid spelling mistakes?

3. The stage of formulating goals and the topic of the lesson. (2 minutes.)

Purpose of the stage: to determine the theme, purpose and lesson objectives,

motivate students to be productive

Students independently formulate the topic of the lesson, name the goals and objectives.

Students formulate the topic of the lesson: « Spelling of noun endings in the genitive plural form» .

The teacher corrects (if necessary) the wording of the goal of the lesson. Motivates students to gain knowledge on the topic. (A corresponding note is kept on the board)

Write the topic of the lesson in your notebook.

The knowledge gained on the topic of our lesson will help you in the future, because this topic is found in the test tasks of the state final certification.

4. Stage of formation of new knowledge and skills. (10 min.)

Purpose of the stage: to acquaint with the norm and features of spelling and the use of plural forms of nouns.

Introduces students to morphological norms, using a presentation, organizes a conversation.

The most important property of the literary language is its normalization. If there were no language norm, then such changes could occur in the language that people living in different parts of Russia would no longer understand each other. Work with tables (each student receives a printed table)

It should be remembered:

But: cherries , fables, cherries, apple trees

2 cl

Wed, m.r.

zero,

her, -ev, -ov

Dwellings, fields, dumplings, feathers, clouds, soldiers, partisans

BUT: saucers, towels,

3 cl

Her

Steppe, tablecloth

BUT: waffles, shoes, earrings, fritters

Vegetable world

Pineapples - pineapples

oranges - oranges

eggplant - eggplant

banana bananas

dahlia dahlias

pomegranate grenades

tangerines-tangerines

tomato-tomatoes

tomatoes-tomatoes

Apples - apples

Units

Kilograms - kilograms

Kilometers – kilometers

bytes - bytes

Hectares – hectares

Volts - volts

Watts - watt

Amps - amps

x-rays - x-rays

Paired items

Golfs - golfs

Clips - clips

Socks - socks

Boots - boot

Boots - felt boots

Boots - boots

Stockings - stocking

Names of objects and phenomena

Key rings - key rings

Rails - rails

Cake-cakes

Jeans - jeans

Chips - chips

Places - places

windows - okO n

Glass - glass

macaroni - pasta

sardines - sardines

Sprats - sprat

Shorts - shorts

Zrazy - Zrazy

Leggings - leggings

Names of nationalities

Kalmyks - Kalmyks

Kirghiz - Kirghiz

Mongols - Mongols

Uzbeks - Uzbeks

Yakuts - Yakuts

Tungus - Tungus

Armenians - Armenians

Georgians - Georgians

Lezgins - Lezgins

Ossetians - Ossetians

Tatars - Tatars

gypsies - gypsies

Turks - Turks

Buryats - Buryats

Consolidation: Restore the lines from the poem by B. Uspensky

1) In a children's fairy tale, Gingerbread Man could roll on the grass

Without (boots), without (boots), without (socks) and without (stockings)

2) After hundreds (kilometers),

Do not be afraid (blizzards), (winds),

Wagons are rushing towards us from the south.

They carry tons of guys

(oranges), (tangerines),

(Tomatoes) and (lemons).

Students write their own lines using the table. Notes in a notebook.

5.Fizminutka .(2 minutes.)Purpose of the stage: prevention of general fatigue of students, switching them from mental activity to mental-physical.

6 . The stage of fixing the studied material .(15 minutes.)

To achieve the objectives of the lesson, the teacher directs and organizes the work of students in groups.

Group work:

Group 1: Situation "In the grocery store" (4 people)

Group 2: Situation "Preparing for the holiday" (4 people)

Group 3: Situation "In a clothing store" (4 people)

Group 4: Situation "In a shoe store" (4 people)

Group 5: The situation "In the kitchen" (4 people)

Group 6: Situation "Preparing to meet guests" (4 people)

The teacher explains the task: it is necessary to compose a text of 3-5 sentences using these words. Do not forget about spelling and punctuation standards, as well as ethical ones, that is, when referring to an interlocutor, you should use the words “please”, “please”, “thank you”, etc.

TEXTS:

Group 1: Situation "In the grocery store"

Need to buy (bananas), (pomegranates), (tomatoes), (waffles), (dumplings), (chips), (pasta)

Hello! Please pack me 2 bunches of bananas, 5 pomegranates, 2 packs of waffles, a kilo of dumplings, 1 pack of chips and pasta. Thank you.

Group 2: Situation "Preparing for the holiday"

Saucers, towels, tablecloths, tangerines, pineapples, cherries, cakes

Sample text written by students:

We started getting ready for the New Year. We bought several tablecloths, towels, saucers in the store, because there can be many guests. We also bought 5 kilograms of tangerines, a kilogram of cherries and cherries to decorate cakes.

Group 3: Situation "In a clothing store"

Jeans, leggings, shorts, bracelets, bags

Group 4: Situation "In a shoe store"

Boots, shoes, felt boots, shoes, stockings, socks

Group 5: The situation "In the kitchen"

Fritters, saucers, towels, tablecloths, sprats, pasta

Group 6: The situation "In the country"

Cherries, cherries, apples, apricots, tomatoes, cucumbers, dahlias, eggplants.

Pupils read the received texts, the teacher gives comments.

7. Summing up the lesson. Reflection . (2 minutes.) Objectives: to organize a debriefing of the lesson.

Guys, did you like the lesson? What new and useful did you learn today? Why do we need to know morphological norms, that is, the norms for the use of nouns in the genitive plural?

The famous Czech educator Jan Amos Comenius said: “Consider unfortunate the day or the hour in which you did not learn anything new and did not add anything to your education.” Would you call today and our lesson happy or unhappy?

The teacher sums up the lesson, puts marks in the electronic journal and diaries of students

D.z.The situation "At the dacha": it is necessary to compose a text of 3-5 sentences using these words.

masculine

1) All names of paired objects have a zero ending: boot, boot, stocking, trousers, shoulder strap, scissors.

Exception : sockov .

2) The names of nationalities are subject to the following rules:

a) words with a stem in - n, -r have zero endings: British, Armenians, Georgians, Lezgins, Ossetians, Romanians, Turkmens, Gypsies, Bashkirs, Bulgarians.

Exception: black personov.

b) words with a basis for other letters have an ending - ov: Kyrgyzov , Kalmykov , Tajikov , Uzbekov , Mongolianov , Yakutov .

Exception: Turk, Buryat

3) The names of military groups and former military branches require the following endings:

a) without numerals, they have a zero ending: partisan, soldier, grenadier, midshipman, hussar, dragoon, lancer;

b) the former types of troops with numerals have endings - ov: 10 hussarsov , 5 midshipmenov , 6 hussarsov , 7 Lancersov .

4) The names of units of measurements are variable:

a) ampere, watt, gram, kilogram, roentgen, pendant;

b) ampereov , wattov , gramov , kilogramov , x-rayov , pendantov .

Truncated forms ( ampere, grams

5) The names of the group "vegetables - fruits" have endings - ov: orangeov , mandarinov , bananaov , tomatoov , eggplantov .

Truncated forms ( orange, tangerine, banana, tomato) are typical for colloquial speech.

Feminine

1) Nouns in - la, -nya have a null ending: waffles, roofs, gossip, nannies, cherries, apple trees.

2) Some nouns end in - her: candlesher , rakeher , sheether .

There are also alternative forms: The game is worth the candle but: There are no candles in the househer . However, the word candle here it is used in direct and figurative (phraseological) meanings (indicate which one).

3) Nouns in - and I have an ending uy: auditoruy , academicianuy , conservativeuy .

Neuter gender

1. A number of names have a zero ending: apples, shoulders, saucers of towels, mirrors.

Pay attention to the shape of the shoulders ( Dress with and without shoulders!)

2. Regulatory forms are on - uy: coastuy , outbackuy , drugsuy .

3. There are also forms on - ev: mouthev , swampev , upperev , lowerev .

Nouns that are always used only in the plural (without gender) form the genitive case with the help of various types of endings:

zero: dusk; days;

-ov: freezingov ;

To her: weekday her, nursery her, san her.

Verb

Features of the conjugation of some verbs

From many verbs it is impossible to form the form of the 1st person (I): dare, eclipse, win, convince, find oneself, be weird etc. However, this phenomenon is overcome in common speech, and personal forms of the verb that are unusual for hearing are sometimes used * I dare *I will find myself and others. Cf. also in the playful song of V. Vysotsky: Miracle-Yudu I will win anyway.

Verbs that have an infinitive -ch: burn, flow, bake(total 16 word forms), form variant forms of the 3rd person singular: along with the literary ones: burns, flows, bakes- colloquial burns, flows, bakes.

Features of the formation of the imperative mood of some verbs.

Some verbs do not have imperative forms: want, be able, see, hear, go, crave, rot and others. Used in the XIX century. Old Church Slavonic forms see, listen became archaisms; colloquial options * can't, *go, *go, *ride remain outside the literary norm, form drive is conversational. Only the form is literary go (those).

At practical application nominative plural of nouns, students often face the problem correct spelling endings. The article provides the basic rules, exceptions to them and examples of spelling endings in such a case.

Features of the Nominative Plural of Nouns

In the nominative plural, nouns do not retain the declension differences characteristic of nouns in singular, and have endings -s(s), -and I). Nouns I. p. in the plural have the same syntactic meaning as in the singular, and answer questions Who? What?

Examples of nominative plural forms are presented in the table:

Spelling of noun endings 2 declensions

The spelling of the endings of the plural nouns of the nominative case of the 2nd declension depends on the characteristics of each individual word.

• The ending -s(s)
  • Most monosyllabic nouns (tables, soups, juices);
  • Trisyllabic and polysyllabic nouns with mid-word stress (librarians, contracts, pharmacists);
  • Nouns whose primary form is stressed on the second syllable (salads, berets, watermelons);
  • Foreign nouns with stem on -er/er(often of French origin) (chauffeurs, stuntmen), as well as nouns Latin origin with a base on - tor/-ter/-sor (capacitors, lecturers, computers).
• The ending -and I) have nouns I. p. plural:
  • neuter nouns (windows, grains, pickles);
  • Nouns Denoting Paired Concepts (sleeves, sides, sides);
  • Most two-syllable nouns with stress on the first syllable (cities, voices, boats);
  • Some monosyllabic nouns (houses, forests, varieties).

Exceptions

Masculine nouns 2 declensions with stem on -anyin/-janin form the form of I. p. plural with the ending -e and suffix truncation (citizens, Kievans, Drevlyans).Neutral nouns with stem on -ko(Besides cloud, cloud, army) have in the form I. p. plural ending -and (apples, shoulders, glasses).