Including on. The meaning of the phrase "including

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The members of the sentence, which are in the nature of additional information reported along the way to expand the content of the main statement, belong to the category of connecting. They are entered using individual words, combinations or particles and are separated by commas in writing.

More about such words, or rather about concrete examples use of some of them, we'll talk.

When a comma is placed near the union "including"

Including - this is a union that is used to clarify or supplement information by adding a new member of the proposal to the existing ones.

On the letter, it should be remembered that the connecting phrase (which includes the union “including”) is separated by a comma from the rest of the sentence. For example:

Today we have gathered all the guys including Pavlik to discuss the situation.
It was already known everywhere including in our town.

And in order for the connecting member or turnover to be considered separate and require commas on both sides, you need to pay attention to the meaning of the statement.

So, in the case when the withdrawal of turnover does not distort the structure of the sentence, it can be considered separate:

In all his works, including and in this story, the author is surprisingly truthful and restrained (the withdrawal of turnover is possible, therefore it is separated by commas).

But in the case of the example: "In all, including e and in this work the author skillfully conveys reality”, the withdrawal will violate the structure - “in all ... the work”, which means that the turnover is not isolated.

Is there a comma between the adjunctive turnover and the union “including”

Note that the union "including" is not introductory word, which means it is not separated from both sides by commas. Moreover, if the unions "a" or "and" are additionally used before the named union, then they form a single combination and are not separated by a comma:

Everyone got what they deserved, and including e Tolik.
Natasha loved to draw portraits, and including and from memory, but she was embarrassed to show them to her friends (as you can see, there is no comma between unions and the combination “including”).

But pay attention to one more detail - for correct application the union "including" it is necessary to have in the sentence an indication of the whole, part of which will be attached with the help of this union. Compare:

How are commas placed near the union "for example"

Often there is another mistake in writing - an extra comma after the word "for example." in this case, put on several general rules which we will present now.

If the word "for example" is before the connecting turnover to which it refers, then the whole turnover is separated by commas, and not the word:

Some girls for example Tanya, helped in cleaning the classroom.

If the turnover, including the word "for example", is distinguished by a dash or brackets, then after "for example" commas are placed:

Some girls ( for example, Tanya) helped clean the classroom.

If the word "for example" appears after the connecting member, then in this case, it is separated by commas on both sides:

Some girls helped clean the classroom. Here is Tanya for example, washed the desks.

After "for example" there may be a colon, in situations where it is after a word with a generalizing meaning before homogeneous members:

Some fruits are dangerous to give to allergy sufferers, for example: oranges, pineapples, as well as strawberries and other red berries.

If the mentioned word refers to the whole sentence or to its subordinate part (in the case when it is complex), then it is separated on both sides by commas:

And what will you do if for example, will we meet hooligans?

This rule also applies to phrases that include the combinations “in particular” or “for example” and the like.

How to highlight introductory words

Introductory words help clarify what was said or emphasize some part of it. They always stand out in oral speech pauses, and in writing - commas. If such words are at the beginning of the sentence, a punctuation mark is placed after them, and if at the end, then before them, including a comma is needed when the introductory word is in the middle of the sentence. Then it is separated from two sides.

How it stands out in the letter "however"

The word "however" performs both the role of an introductory word, and a union or interjection. Therefore, separating it with commas depends on what role it plays in this proposal and where is located.

You should know that it never starts a sentence as an introductory word. If it is followed by a separate turnover, then after "however" a comma is placed:

However Looking around, he quickly figured out what to do next.

And in the middle of such a turn, it stands out on both sides:

He listened to the story, not really, but, interesting, and diligently smiling.

When using the specified word as an interjection, a comma is required after and before "however":

However how you have grown during this time!

If "however" is used as a union at the beginning of a sentence, it is not separated by a comma, but when connecting parts with it complex sentence- a comma is placed before it:

How to put commas on the word "please"

How commas will stand next to the word “please” largely depends on the context in which it is used. If it is used as an introductory word in order to attract the attention of the interlocutor or as courtesy, then it is separated by commas according to the rules common for this type of words:

Please, do not remember the flowers in the flower bed.
Tell, please how to get to Ivanova street?
Sit down, please.

But there are situations in which commas are not placed next to the word “please”. Firstly, if it is used as a particle meaning "yes", and secondly, if "please" is included in the phrase:

How to put commas next to the word "therefore"

When considering whether there should be a comma before or after the word “therefore”, one should definitely pay attention to the situation in which this adverb is used. Most often it is used as an analogue of the union in compound sentences with a causal meaning:

The sky is overcast with clouds, that's why everyone expected rain.
The cup treacherously tilted, that's why there was a dark stain on the shirt.
Frost hit from the night that's why the sidewalk was covered with ice.

In such situations, a comma is placed before “therefore”, as before a union that connects the two parts of a complex sentence.

By the way, given word often confused with introductory, highlighting it in writing with commas, but it is included in the group of particles and adverbs that never belong to introductory words, and therefore do not need the mentioned highlighting.

Summarize

If you think about how connecting phrases or introductory words stand out in a letter and whether a comma is also placed after the word “therefore”, remember the nuances that allow you to accurately punctuate. For this:

pay attention to the context of the sentence;
remember that the introductory word, like the connecting turn, is easily removed from the sentence;
do not forget which words cannot act as introductory words;
if the word is still introductory, apply the rules for highlighting them in writing;
and when using the adverb "therefore" remember about for parts of a complex sentence.

According to dictionaries, the phrase “including” is a compound (consisting of several words) coordinating (connects homogeneous members sentences and parts of a compound sentence) union. Refers to connecting. That is, he brings some additional information into the sentence, attaches it to the already existing one.

By themselves, unions are not distinguished by commas, these are not introductory words. It's all about the information they bring with them. Usually this is some additional information to tell you more about something.

This information is called connecting turn, member of the proposal. As soon as it was formed, the union became dependent and is now considered together with the entire turnover. If it is in the middle or at the end of a sentence, it is separated (in the middle) or separated (at the end) by commas. Dash is used less frequently.

Do I need a comma after "including": rule

In the "Academic Handbook", paragraph 84, we read: "... The adjoining members of the sentence ... are separated by commas." The following mistake is often made here: understanding this phrase as an independent connecting phrase, they put two commas on both sides. Thus, "including" is distinguished by commas as an adjunctive member of the sentence, being in fact a union.

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The mistake is that the second comma after this union is put too early. It should be placed after the attached information. The Union, as it were, makes an announcement: now there will be information. This information follows. And they need a comma after them.

Examples of correct and incorrect spelling

When do you need a comma after "including", and when not?

Correct spelling example:

, including.

An example of incorrect spelling:

including, about connecting revolutions.

Italicized is a member of the sentence, which, with the help of this union, complements what was said earlier. It must not be broken by a comma. It should only be singled out, separated from the previous text. And here a comma is needed.

When to put a comma after a turn

Sometimes a comma is also placed after the turnover. This happens when the sentence does not end with it and the thought from its first part continues. Then, in a turnover that begins with the words “including”, a comma on both sides highlights it, and the whole turnover is enclosed in commas. Example:

There is a lot of boring information in this text, includingabout connecting turns, and only an academician can understand this.

Here, if you throw out the turnover, commas are not needed. The conjunction "and" excludes them. But it happens that even if you throw out the turnover, commas are needed. This is required if the idea from the first or second part is explained. Example:

There is a lot of boring information in this text, includingabout connecting turns, which only an academician can understand.

The idea from the first part of the sentence is explained.

There is a lot of boring information in this text, includingabout connecting turns

The idea from the second part of the sentence is explained.

It is important to understand that these examples do not apply to the rule of writing only the union “including”. They are given in order to show the highlight of the turnover with this union. They will also stand out with another union. Example:

There is a lot of boring information in this text , namely about connecting revolutions which only an academician can understand.

Knowing the unions, it is easy to understand where to put commas.

When a comma is not used

There are times when they write "including" without commas. Example:

Previously, we occupied room number one hundred, and now - number one hundred and thirty-seven. It's a pity that they moved, I liked it including ease of remembering.

Everything is clear here. From the context it is clear that we are talking about numerals. The meaning of the phrase is different. And the rules are different. This is no longer a union, but a noun "number" in the prepositional case. Here's a more complicated example:

Due to the unrepaired fleet of vehicles, the processing of fields has decreased. As you can see, fluctuations in the amount of gross product occur including and due to the liquidation of the auto repair enterprise.

Neither before nor after including» The comma is not used. Context is also important here. If you throw out the union, the meaning of what was said changes slightly. That is, it indicates the only reason fluctuations in the amount of the gross product - the liquidation of the car repair enterprise. Because of the standing phrase, it is clear that this reason is not the only one. You can rephrase this so that the connecting turnover becomes visible:

Fluctuations in the amount of the gross product are influenced by certain reasons, including liquidation of a car repair shop.

The word “reasons” is supplemented with a turnover (highlighted in italics).

In layman's terms it might look like this:

It is happened including and your fault.
It is happened and through your fault as well.

Classic variant:

Many people are to blame for what happened. including and you.

Here the word "many" is complemented by a turnover. It is implied, but not in the previous version. Here is an example of the movement of the language. This is how the majority began to speak, these constructions (with the missing explained word) are pronounced on the radio, they fly from the lips of politicians. Many sentences that were previously considered invalid constructions due to the lack of a generalizing word are now the norm.

When an offer is wrong

It happens that the sentence itself, containing this union, is drawn up incorrectly. The rules stipulate that the connecting structure must refer to a specific word. If it doesn't exist, there is nothing to add.

At the alumni reunion, we recalled including and the Petrov twins.

Here, a completely unnecessary union “including”, the comma in front of it speaks of an attached turnover. But that's just the words that need to be supplemented, no. Sounds illiterate. You can rephrase it like this:

At the meeting of graduates, they recalled many classmates, including and the Petrov twins.

Why do you need to know

Understanding where to put a comma is not only for schoolchildren, but also for adults. Imagine this situation: a graduate wrote a resume and sent it to a company that needs a specialist of his level. He was sure that he would be taken.

While the competitors sitting in line for an interview were worried, he calmly imagined himself in a new job. What was his surprise when the representative of the employer pointed to his resume as the reason for the refusal!

It turned out that, trying to present themselves with the best side, the applicant wrote the following phrase:

I have developed software products for large companies, inincluding, for "A" and "B" and I have a certificate of successful implementation of one of them.

There is a comma after the union "including", but it should come after the turnover (in italics), and not break it. Apparently, the young man was afraid to put a comma before the "and". In vain.

This is how a competent specialist in his field can suddenly become a loser.

Should this phrase be replaced?

It should be noted that such revolutions can be joined without unions. For example:

There is a lot of boring information in this text .
There is a lot of boring information in this text about connecting turns.

In the second case, the union will be thrown out, but the meaning of this has changed a little. Now it follows from the sentence that boring information contains connecting turns. In the first sentence, this is not the only reason, some other is implied.

Some tend to replace uncomfortable words, write simple sentences to avoid mistakes. Thus, the language is impoverished, deprived of turns of speech. Words that accurately express a thought are leaving. Ultimately it leads to impoverishment vocabulary and the inability to explain or prove anything.

Having dealt with the unions, it will be easy to pass the literacy test, and the mistakes of colleagues will only cause a smile. The best way increase literacy - reading fiction. She is rich expressive means, in it you can find all the techniques necessary for writing texts.

The main thing is not to give up, and everything will work out!

When a comma is placed near the union "including"

Including - this is a union that is used to clarify or supplement information by adding a new member of the proposal to the existing ones.

On the letter, it should be remembered that the connecting phrase (which includes the union “including”) is separated by a comma from the rest of the sentence. For example:

Today we have gathered all the guys including Pavlik to discuss the situation.
It was already known everywhere including in our town.

And in order for the connecting member or turnover to be considered separate and require commas on both sides, you need to pay attention to the meaning of the statement.

So, in the case when the withdrawal of turnover does not distort the structure of the sentence, it can be considered separate:

In all his works, including and in this story, the author is surprisingly truthful and restrained (the withdrawal of turnover is possible, therefore it is separated by commas).

Is there a comma between the adjunctive turnover and the union “including”

Please note that the union "including" is not an introductory word, which means that it is not separated from both sides by commas. Moreover, if the unions “a” or “and” are additionally used before the named union, then they form a single combination and are not separated by a comma:

Everyone got what they deserved, and including e Tolik.
Natasha loved to draw portraits, and including and from memory, but she was embarrassed to show them to her friends (as you can see, there is no comma between unions and the combination “including”).

But pay attention to one more detail - for the correct use of the union "including" it is necessary to have in the sentence an indication of the whole, a part of which will be attached with the help of this union. Compare:

How are commas placed near the union "for example"

Often there is another mistake in writing - an extra comma after the word "for example." Commas, by the way, in this case are placed according to several general rules, which we will now give.

If the word "for example" is before the connecting turnover to which it refers, then the whole turnover is separated by commas, and not the word:

Some girls for example Tanya, helped in cleaning the classroom.

If the turnover, including the word "for example", is distinguished by a dash or brackets, then after "for example" commas are placed:

Some girls ( for example, Tanya) helped clean the classroom.

If the word "for example" appears after the connecting member, then in this case, it is separated by commas on both sides:

Some girls helped clean the classroom. Here is Tanya for example, washed the desks.

After "for example" there may be a colon, in situations where it is after a word with a generalizing meaning before homogeneous members:

Some fruits are dangerous to give to allergy sufferers, for example: oranges, pineapples, as well as strawberries and other red berries.

If the mentioned word refers to the whole sentence or to its subordinate part (in the case when it is complex), then it is separated on both sides by commas:

And what will you do if for example, will we meet hooligans?

This rule also applies to phrases that include the combinations “in particular” or “for example” and the like.

How to highlight introductory words

Introductory words help clarify what was said or emphasize some part of it. They are always distinguished in oral speech by pauses, and in writing by commas. If such words are at the beginning of the sentence, a punctuation mark is placed after them, and if at the end, then before them, including a comma is needed when the introductory word is in the middle of the sentence. Then it is separated from two sides.

How it stands out in the letter "however"

The word "however" performs both the role of an introductory word, and a union or interjection. Therefore, separating it with commas depends on what role it plays in this sentence and where it is located.

You should know that it never starts a sentence as an introductory word. If it is followed by a separate turnover, then after "however" a comma is placed:

However Looking around, he quickly figured out what to do next.

And in the middle of such a turn, it stands out on both sides:

He listened to the story, not really, but, interesting, and diligently smiling.

When using the specified word as an interjection, a comma is required after and before "however":

However how you have grown during this time!

If “however” is used as a union at the beginning of a sentence, it is not separated by a comma, but when connecting parts of a complex sentence with it, a comma is placed before it:

How to put commas on the word "please"

How commas will stand next to the word “please” largely depends on the context in which it is used. If it is used as an introductory word in order to attract the attention of the interlocutor or as a polite appeal, then it is distinguished by commas according to the rules common for this type of words:

Please, do not remember the flowers in the flower bed.
Tell, please how to get to Ivanova street?
Sit down, please.

But there are situations in which commas are not placed next to the word “please”. Firstly, if it is used as a particle meaning "yes", and secondly, if "please" is included in the phrase:

How to put commas next to the word "therefore"

The sky is overcast with clouds, that's why everyone expected rain.
The cup treacherously tilted, that's why there was a dark stain on the shirt.
Frost hit from the night that's why the sidewalk was covered with ice.

In such situations, a comma is placed before “therefore”, as before a union that connects the two parts of a complex sentence.

By the way, this word is often confused with the introductory word, singling it out with commas in writing, but it is included in the group of particles and adverbs that never belong to introductory words, which means they do not need the said highlighting.

Summarize

pay attention to the context of the sentence;
remember that the introductory word, like the connecting turn, is easily removed from the sentence;
do not forget which words cannot act as introductory words;
if the word is still introductory, apply the rules for highlighting them in writing;
and when using the adverb "therefore," remember about punctuation marks for parts of a complex sentence.

Including (and)

union

Attachments with the union "including" are distinguished by punctuation marks (usually commas). The union “including” is not separated by a comma from the unions “a”, “and” in front of it, forming a single combination with them.

The general arrives; the trembling caretaker gives him the last two triples, including courier. A. Pushkin, Stationmaster. The next day, Prince Andrei went on visits to some houses where he had not yet been., including to the Rostovs, with whom he renewed his acquaintance at the last ball. L. Tolstoy, War and Peace. At the same time, I saw the presents received by the count from the princess, including her portrait, so similar to Empress Elizabeth. G. Danilevsky, Princess Tarakanova.

Dictionary-reference book on punctuation. - M.: Reference and information Internet portal GRAMOTA.RU. V. V. Svintsov, V. M. Pakhomov, I. V. Filatova. 2010 .

See what "including (and)" is in other dictionaries:

including- (and) … Spelling Dictionary

including and- union Used when joining a sentence member that is part of the whole (which is referred to in the first part of the sentence), corresponding in meaning to the following: including someone or something, including. Dictionary Efremova. T.F.… …

Including- union Used when joining a sentence member that is part of the whole (which is referred to in the first part of the sentence), corresponding in meaning to the following: including someone or something, including and. Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova. T.F... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

Including- Among others, between others. Many guests followed him, including Korsakov (Pushkin. Arap of Peter the Great). The travelers did not lose anything, but everything, including matches, got wet through (V. Arseniev. In the Sikhote mountains ... ... Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language

including- Book. Unchanged Including, among others, between others. The outstanding Russian composer P. I. Tchaikovsky is the author of ten operas, including such world-famous ones as “Eugene Onegin”, “ Queen of Spades”, “Iolanthe”. It is necessary ... to be preserved ... ... Educational Phraseological Dictionary

including- see number; Including / (and) in zn. union. Including, joining. Everyone went, including us ... Dictionary of many expressions

Including (and)- NUMBER, a, pl. numbers, villages, slam, cf. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

including Synonym dictionary

including- adverb, number of synonyms: 1 including (6) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

including- including, but not excluding, including 0106 Page 0107 Page 0108 Page 0109 Page 0110 ... New Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Synonyms

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Education

"Including": is a comma needed or not? In what case are commas put: punctuation rules

August 3, 2015

The members of the sentence, which are in the nature of additional information reported along the way to expand the content of the main statement, belong to the category of connecting. They are entered using separate words, combinations or particles and are separated by commas in writing. We will talk in more detail about such words, or rather about specific examples of the use of some of them.

When a comma is placed near the union "including"

Including - this is a union that is used to clarify or supplement information by adding a new member of the proposal to the existing ones.

On the letter, it should be remembered that the connecting phrase (which includes the union “including”) is separated by a comma from the rest of the sentence. For example:

Today we have gathered all the guys including Pavlik to discuss the situation.
It was already known everywhere including in our town.

And in order for the connecting member or turnover to be considered separate and require commas on both sides, you need to pay attention to the meaning of the statement.

So, in the case when the withdrawal of turnover does not distort the structure of the sentence, it can be considered separate:

In all his works, including and in this story, the author is surprisingly truthful and restrained (the withdrawal of turnover is possible, therefore it is separated by commas).

Is there a comma between the adjunctive turnover and the union “including”

Please note that the union "including" is not an introductory word, which means that it is not separated from both sides by commas. Moreover, if the unions "a" or "and" are additionally used before the named union, then they form a single combination and are not separated by a comma:

Everyone got what they deserved, and including e Tolik.
Natasha loved to draw portraits, and including and from memory, but she was embarrassed to show them to her friends (as you can see, there is no comma between unions and the combination “including”).

How are commas placed near the union "for example"

Often there is another mistake in writing - an extra comma after the word "for example." Commas, by the way, in this case are placed according to several general rules, which we will now give.

If the word "for example" is before the connecting turnover to which it refers, then the whole turnover is separated by commas, and not the word:

Some girls for example Tanya, helped in cleaning the classroom.

If the turnover, including the word "for example", is distinguished by a dash or brackets, then after "for example" commas are placed:

Some girls ( for example, Tanya) helped clean the classroom.

If the word "for example" appears after the connecting member, then in this case, it is separated by commas on both sides:

Some girls helped clean the classroom. Here is Tanya for example, washed the desks.

After "for example" there may be a colon, in situations where it is after a word with a generalizing meaning before homogeneous members:

Some fruits are dangerous to give to allergy sufferers, for example: oranges, pineapples, as well as strawberries and other red berries.

If the mentioned word refers to the whole sentence or to its subordinate part (in the case when it is complex), then it is separated on both sides by commas:

And what will you do if for example, will we meet hooligans?

This rule also applies to phrases that include the combinations “in particular” or “for example” and the like.

How to highlight introductory words

Next, some introductory words will be considered, so it is worth remembering how they stand out in writing.

How it stands out in the letter "however"

You should know that it never starts a sentence as an introductory word. If it is followed by a separate turnover, then after "however" a comma is placed:

However Looking around, he quickly figured out what to do next.

And in the middle of such a turn, it stands out on both sides:

He listened to the story, not really, but, interesting, and diligently smiling.

When using the specified word as an interjection, a comma is required after and before "however":

However how you have grown during this time!

If “however” is used as a union at the beginning of a sentence, it is not separated by a comma, but when connecting parts of a complex sentence with it, a comma is placed before it:

How to put commas on the word "please"

How commas will stand next to the word “please” largely depends on the context in which it is used. If it is used as an introductory word in order to attract the attention of the interlocutor or as a polite appeal, then it is distinguished by commas according to the rules common for this type of words:

Please, do not remember the flowers in the flower bed.
Tell, please how to get to Ivanova street?
Sit down, please.

But there are situations in which commas are not placed next to the word “please”. Firstly, if it is used as a particle meaning "yes", and secondly, if "please" is included in the phrase:

How to put commas next to the word "therefore"

The sky is overcast with clouds, that's why everyone expected rain.
The cup treacherously tilted, that's why there was a dark stain on the shirt.
Frost hit from the night that's why the sidewalk was covered with ice.

In such situations, a comma is placed before “therefore”, as before a union that connects the two parts of a complex sentence.

Summarize

pay attention to the context of the sentence;
remember that the introductory word, like the connecting turn, is easily removed from the sentence;
do not forget which words cannot act as introductory words;
if the word is still introductory, apply the rules for highlighting them in writing;
and when using the adverb "therefore," remember about punctuation marks for parts of a complex sentence.