Research work “My paper airplane is going to fly. How to make a paper airplane? aircraft from different materials and holding

Palkin Mikhail Lvovich

Paper airplanes are a well-known paper craft that almost everyone can do. Or he knew how to do it before, but forgot a little. No problem! After all, you can fold the plane within a few seconds by tearing a sheet out of an ordinary school notebook.
One of the main problems of a paper airplane is the short flight time. Therefore, I want to know whether the duration of the flight depends on its shape. Then it will be possible to advise classmates to make such an aircraft that will break all records.

Object of study

paper planes different forms.

Subject of study

The duration of the flight of paper planes of various shapes.

Hypothesis

If you change the shape of a paper plane, you can increase the duration of its flight.

Target

Determine the paper airplane model with the longest flight duration.

Tasks

Find out what forms of paper airplane exist.
Fold paper planes according to various patterns.
Determine whether the duration of the flight depends on its shape.

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Member research work scientific society"Umka" MOU "Lyceum No. 8 of Novoaltaysk" Palkin Mikhail Lvovich Supervisor Hovsepyan Goar Matevosovna

Topic: "My paper plane takes off!" (dependence of the duration of the flight of a paper plane on its shape)

Relevance of the chosen topic Paper planes are a well-known paper craft that almost everyone can do. Or he knew how to do it before, but forgot a little. No problem! After all, you can fold the plane within a few seconds by tearing a sheet out of an ordinary school notebook. One of the main problems of a paper airplane is the short flight time. Therefore, I want to know whether the duration of the flight depends on its shape. Then it will be possible to advise classmates to make such an aircraft that will break all records.

The object of the study is paper planes of various shapes. The subject of the study is the duration of the flight of paper planes of various shapes.

Hypothesis If you change the shape of a paper plane, you can increase the duration of its flight. Objective To determine the paper airplane model with the longest flight duration. Objectives Find out what forms of a paper airplane exist. Fold paper planes according to various patterns. Determine whether the duration of the flight depends on its shape.

Methods: Observation. Experiment. Generalization. Research plan: Selecting a topic - May 2011 Formulating a hypothesis, goals and objectives - May 2011 Studying the material - June - August 2011 Conducting experiments - June-August 2011 Analysis of the results - September-November 2011

There are many ways to fold paper to make an airplane. Some options are quite complex, and some are simple. For some, it is better to use soft thin paper, and for some, on the contrary, it is more dense. The paper is malleable and at the same time has sufficient rigidity, retains a given shape, making it easy to make airplanes out of it. Consider a simple version of a paper airplane, which is known to everyone.

The plane, which many call the "fly". Rolls up easily, flies fast and far. Of course, to learn how to run it correctly, you have to practice a little. Below a series of sequential drawings will show you how to make a paper airplane. Watch and try to do it!

First, fold a sheet of paper exactly in half, then bend one of its corners. Now it is not difficult to bend the other side in the same way. Bend as shown in the picture.

We bend the corners to the center, leaving a small distance between them. We bend the corner, thereby fixing the corners of the figure.

Let's bend the figure in half Let's bend the "wings", aligning the bottom of the figure on both sides Well, now you know how to make an origami plane out of paper.

There are other options for assembling a flying model aircraft.

Having folded paper airplane, you can color it with colored pencils, stick identification marks.

Here's what happened to me.

To find out whether the duration of the flight of the aircraft depends on its shape, let's try to run different models take turns and compare their flight. Checked, flies great! Sometimes when starting, it can fly "nose down", but this is fixable! Just slightly bend the tips of the wings up. Typically, the flight of such an airplane consists of a quick soar up and dive down.

Some airplanes fly in a straight line, while others follow some winding path. Aircraft for the longest flights have a large wingspan. Dart-shaped planes - they are just as narrow and long - fly at a faster speed. Such models fly faster and more stable, they are easier to launch.

My discoveries: 1. My first discovery was that it really flies. Not randomly and crookedly, like an ordinary school toy, but straight, fast and far. 2. The second discovery is that folding a paper airplane is not as easy as it seems. Actions must be confident and precise, the folds must be perfectly straight. 3 . Launching outdoors is different from indoor flying (the wind either hinders or helps it fly). four . The main discovery is that the duration of the flight significantly depends on the design of the aircraft.

Material used: www.stranaorigami.ru www.iz-bumagi.com www.mykler.ru www.origami-paper.ru Thank you for your attention!

How to make a paper airplane - 13 DIY paper airplane models

Detailed schemes for making a variety of paper planes: from the simplest "school" airplanes to technically modified models.

standard model

Model "Glider"

Model "Advanced glider"

Model "Scat"

Model "Canaries"

Model "Delta"

Model "Shuttle"

Model "Invisible"

Model "Taran"

Hawkeye Model

Model "Tower"

Model "Needle"

Model "Kite"

Interesting Facts

In 1989, Andy Chipling founded the Paper Aircraft Association, and in 2006 the first paper airplane flying championship was held. Competitions are held in three disciplines: the longest distance, the longest planning and aerobatics.

Numerous attempts to increase the time the paper airplane stays in the air from time to time lead to the taking of the next barriers in this sport. Ken Blackburn held the world record for 13 years (1983-1996) and got it again on October 8, 1998, by throwing a paper plane indoors so that it stayed in the air for 27.6 seconds. This result was confirmed by representatives of the Guinness Book of Records and CNN reporters. The paper airplane used by Blackburn can be classified as a glider.

In order to make a paper airplane, you will need a rectangular paper sheet, which can be either white or colored. If desired, you can use notebook, xerox, newsprint or any other paper that is available.

It is better to choose the density of the basis for the future aircraft closer to the average, so that it flies far and at the same time it is not too difficult to fold it (it is usually difficult to fix the folds on too thick paper and they turn out uneven).

We add the simplest figure of an airplane

It is better for novice origami lovers to start with the simplest airplane model familiar to everyone since childhood:

For those who failed to fold the plane according to the instructions, here is a video tutorial:

If you got tired of this option at school and you want to expand your paper aircraft building skills, we will tell you how to step by step perform two simple variations of the previous model.

long-haul aircraft

Step by step photo instruction

Fold a rectangular sheet of paper in half along the larger side. We bend the two upper corners to the middle of the sheet. We turn the resulting corner with a “valley”, that is, towards ourselves.

We bend the corners of the resulting rectangle to the middle so that a small triangle peeks out in the middle of the sheet.

We bend a small triangle up - it will fix the wings of the future aircraft.

We fold the figure along the axis of symmetry, given that the small triangle should remain outside.

We bend the wings from both sides to the base.

We set both wings of the aircraft at an angle of 90 degrees to fly far.

Thus, without spending a lot of time, we get a far-flying airplane!

Folding scheme

Fold a paper rectangular sheet along it larger side in half.

We bend the two upper corners to the middle of the sheet.

We wrap the "valley" corners along the dotted line. In the origami technique, a “valley” is the fold of a section of a sheet along a certain line in the direction “towards you”.

We add the resulting figure along the axis of symmetry so that the corners are outside. Be sure to make sure that the contours of both halves of the future airplane match. It depends on how it will fly in the future.

We bend the wings on both sides of the aircraft, as shown in the figure.

Make sure the angle between the airplane's wing and its fuselage is 90 degrees.

It turned out such a fast plane!

How to make the plane fly far?

Do you want to learn how to properly launch a paper plane that you just made with your own hands? Then carefully read the rules of its management:

If all the rules are followed, but the model still does not fly as you would like, try improving it as follows:

If the plane constantly strives to soar sharply upwards, and then, making a dead loop, abruptly goes down, crashing its nose into the ground, it needs an upgrade in the form of an increase in the density (weight) of the nose. This can be done by slightly bending the nose of the paper model inward, as shown in the picture, or by attaching a paper clip from below to it.
If during the flight the model does not fly straight, as it should, but to the side, equip it with a rudder by bending part of the wing along the line shown in the figure.
If an airplane goes into a tailspin, it urgently needs a tail. Armed with scissors, make it a quick and functional upgrade.
But if the model falls sideways during the tests, most likely the reason for the failure is the lack of stabilizers. To add them to the design, it is enough to bend the wings of the aircraft along the edges along the lines indicated by the dotted lines.

We also offer you a video instruction for manufacturing and testing interesting model an aircraft that can not only fly far, but also fly incredibly long:

Now that you are confident in your abilities and have already got your hands on folding and launching simple airplanes, we offer instructions that will tell you how to make a more complex paper airplane.

F-117 Stealth Plane ("Nighthawk")

bomber aircraft

Execution scheme

Take a rectangular piece of paper. We fold the upper part of the rectangle into a double triangle: to do this, we bend the upper right corner of the rectangle so that its upper side coincides with the left side.
Then, by analogy, we bend the left corner, combining the upper part of the rectangle with its right side.
Through the intersection point of the obtained lines, we perform a fold, which in the end should be parallel to the smaller side of the rectangle.
Along this line, we fold the resulting side triangles inward. You should get the figure shown in Figure 2. We outline a line in the middle of the sheet in the lower part, by analogy with Figure 1.

We denote a line parallel to the base of the triangle.

Flip the figure over reverse side and bend the corner towards you. You should get the following paper design:

Again we shift the figure to the other side and bend the two corners up, after bending the upper part in half.

Turn the figure back and bend the corner up.

We fold the left and right corners, circled in the figure, in accordance with picture 7. Such a scheme will allow us to achieve the correct bending of the corner.

We bend the corner away from ourselves and fold the figure along the middle line.

We bring the edges inward, again fold the figure in half, and then on ourselves.

In the end, you will get such a paper toy - a bomber plane!

Bomber SU-35

Fighter "Pointed Hawk"

Step-by-step execution scheme

We take a piece of rectangular paper, bend it in half along the larger side and outline the middle.

We bend in the direction "towards ourselves" two corners of the rectangle.

We bend the corners of the figure along the dotted line.

We fold the figure across so that the acute angle is in the middle of the opposite side.

We turn the resulting figure on the reverse side and form two folds, as shown in the figure. It is very important that the folds are not folded to the midline, but at a slight angle to it.

We bend the resulting corner towards ourselves and at the same time turn the corner forward, which after all the manipulations will be on the back of the layout. You should get a shape, as shown in the figure below.

We bend the figure in half from ourselves.

We lower the wings of the airplane along the dotted line.

We bend the ends of the wings a little to get the so-called winglets. Then we spread the wings so that they form a right angle with the fuselage.

The paper fighter is ready!

Fighter Planing Hawk

Manufacturing instructions:

We take a rectangular piece of paper and outline the middle, folding it in half along the larger side.

We bend inward to the middle the two upper corners of the rectangle.

We turn the sheet over to the back side and bend the folds in the direction "towards ourselves" to the center line. It is very important that the upper corners do not bend. It should look like this figure.

We turn the upper part of the square diagonally towards us.

We fold the resulting figure in half.

We outline the fold as shown in the figure.

We refuel inside the rectangular part of the fuselage of the future airplane.

We bend the wings down along the dotted line at a right angle.

It turned out such a paper airplane! It remains to be seen how it flies.

Fighter F-15 Eagle

Aircraft "Concorde"

Following the given photo and video instructions, you can make a paper airplane with your own hands in a few minutes, playing with which will become a pleasant and entertaining pastime for you and your children!

Man will fly, relying not on the strength of his muscles, but on the strength of his mind.

(N. E. Zhukovsky)

Why and how an airplane flies Why can birds fly even though they are heavier than air? What forces lift a huge passenger plane that can fly faster, higher and farther than any bird, because its wings are motionless? Why can a glider that does not have a motor soar in the air? All these and many other questions are answered by aerodynamics - a science that studies the laws of interaction of air with bodies moving in it.

In the development of aerodynamics in our country, an outstanding role was played by Professor Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky (1847 -1921) - "the father of Russian aviation", as V. I. Lenin called him. Zhukovsky's merit lies in the fact that he was the first to explain the formation of the lift force of a wing and formulated a theorem for calculating this force. Zhukovsky not only discovered the laws underlying the theory of flight, but also paved the way for the rapid development of aviation in our country.

When flying on any aircraft there are four forces, the combination of which does not allow him to fall:

Gravity is the constant force that pulls the plane toward the ground.

Traction force, which comes from the engine and moves the aircraft forward.

Resistance force, opposite to the force of thrust and is caused by friction, slowing down the aircraft and reducing the lift of the wings.

lifting force, which is formed when the air moving over the wing creates a reduced pressure. Obeying the laws of aerodynamics, everything rises into the air aircrafts starting with light sport aircraft

All aircraft at first glance are very similar, but if you look closely, you can find differences in them. They may differ in wings, tail, fuselage structure. Their speed, flight altitude, and other maneuvers depend on this. And each plane has only its own pair of wings.

To fly, you don't need to flap your wings, you need to make them move relative to the air. And for this, the wing just needs to report the horizontal speed. From the interaction of the wing with the air, lift will arise, and as soon as its value is greater than the weight of the wing itself and everything connected with it, the flight will begin. The matter remains small: to make a suitable wing and be able to accelerate it to the required speed.

Observant people noticed a long time ago that birds have wings that are not flat. Consider a wing whose bottom surface is flat and its top surface is convex.

The air flow on the leading edge of the wing is divided into two parts: one flows around the wing from below, the other - from above. From above, the air has to go a little longer than from below, therefore, from above, the air speed will also be slightly greater than from below. It is known that as the velocity increases, the pressure in the gas flow decreases. Here, too, the air pressure under the wing is higher than above it. The pressure difference is directed upwards, that's the lifting force. And if you add the angle of attack, then the lifting force will increase even more.

How does a real plane fly?

A real airplane wing is teardrop shaped, which means that the air passing over the top of the wing moves faster than the air passing through the bottom of the wing. This difference in air currents creates lift and the plane flies.

And the fundamental idea here is this: the air flow is cut in two by the leading edge of the wing, and part of it flows around the wing along the upper surface, and the second part along the lower. In order for the two streams to converge behind the trailing edge of the wing without creating a vacuum, the air flowing around the upper surface of the wing must move faster relative to the aircraft than the air flowing around the lower surface, since it has to travel a greater distance.

Low pressure from above pulls the wing in, while higher pressure from below pushes it up. The wing goes up. And if the lifting force exceeds the weight of the aircraft, then the aircraft itself hangs in the air.

Paper planes don't have shaped wings, so how do they fly? Lift is created by the angle of attack of their flat wings. Even with flat wings, you can see that the air moving over the wing travels a slightly longer distance (and moves faster). Lift is created by the same pressure as profile wings, but of course this difference in pressure is not so great.

The angle of attack of the aircraft is the angle between the direction of the speed of the air flow on the body and the characteristic longitudinal direction chosen on the body, for example, for an aircraft it will be the chord of the wing, it is the longitudinal construction axis, for a projectile or rocket it is their axis of symmetry.

straight wing

The advantage of a straight wing is its high lift coefficient, which allows you to significantly increase the specific load on the wing, and therefore reduce the size and weight without fear of a significant increase in takeoff and landing speed.

The disadvantage that predetermines the unsuitability of such a wing at supersonic flight speeds is a sharp increase in drag aircraft

delta wing

A delta wing is stiffer and lighter than a straight wing and is most often used at supersonic speeds. The use of a delta wing is determined mainly by strength and design considerations. The disadvantages of the delta wing are the emergence and development of a wave crisis.

CONCLUSION

If, during modeling, the shape of the wing and nose is changed paper airplane, then the range and duration of its flight may change

The wings of a paper plane are flat. In order to provide a difference in air flow from above and below the wing (in order to form lift), it must be tilted to a certain angle (angle of attack).

Planes for the longest flights are not rigid, but they have a large wingspan and are well balanced.

Since childhood, we all know how to quickly make a paper airplane, and we have done it more than once. This method origami is simple and easy to remember. After a couple of times you can do it with your eyes closed.

The simplest and most famous paper airplane pattern

Such an airplane is made from a square sheet of paper, which is folded in half, then the upper edges are folded towards the center. The resulting triangle is bent, and the edges are again bent towards the center. Then the sheet is bent in half, and wings are formed.

That, in fact, is all. But there is one small drawback of such an aircraft - it almost does not soar and falls in a couple of seconds.

Experience of generations

The question arises - which flies for a long time. This is not difficult, since several generations have improved the well-known scheme, and have significantly succeeded in this. Modern ones vary greatly in appearance and in terms of quality.

Below are different ways to make a paper airplane. Simple circuits will not confuse you, but on the contrary, will inspire you to continue experimenting. Although, perhaps, they will require more time from you than the type mentioned above.

Super paper plane

Method number one. It does not differ much from the one described above, but in this version the aerodynamic qualities are slightly improved, which lengthens the flight time:

Fold a piece of paper in half lengthwise.
Fold the corners towards the middle.
Turn the sheet over and fold in half.
Fold the triangle up.
Change the side of the sheet again.
Bend the two right vertices to the center.
Do the same with the other side.
Bend the resulting plane in half.
Raise your tail and straighten your wings.

This is how you can make paper airplanes that fly for a very long time. In addition to this obvious advantage, the model looks very impressive. So play to your health.

Making the plane "Zilke" together

Now it's time for method number two. It involves the manufacture of the Zilke aircraft. Prepare a sheet of paper and learn how to make a paper airplane that flies for a long time by following these simple tips:

Fold it in half lengthwise.
Mark the middle of the sheet. Fold the top in half.
Bend the edges of the resulting rectangle to the middle so that a couple of centimeters remain to the middle on each side.
Turn over a piece of paper.
Form a small triangle at the top in the middle. Bend the entire structure along.
Open the top by folding the paper in two directions.
Bend the edges so that you get wings.

The aircraft "Zilke" is finished and ready for operation. This was another easy way to quickly make a paper airplane that flies for a long time.

Making a plane "Duck" together

Now consider the scheme of the "Duck" aircraft:

Fold a piece of A4 paper in half lengthwise.
Bend the top ends towards the middle.
Turn the sheet over to the back. Bend the side parts again to the middle, and in the upper part you should get a rhombus.
Bend the upper half of the rhombus forward, as if folding it in half.
Fold the resulting triangle with an accordion, and bend the bottom top up.
Now bend the resulting structure in half.
At the final stage, form the wings.

Now you can make those that fly for a long time! The scheme is quite simple and understandable.

Making a Delta plane together

It's time to make a Delta plane out of paper:

Fold an A4 piece of paper in half lengthwise. Mark the middle.
Turn the sheet horizontally.
On one side, draw two parallel lines to the middle, at the same distance.
On the other hand, fold the paper in half to the middle mark.
Bend the lower right corner to the topmost drawn line so that a couple of centimeters remain intact at the bottom.
Bend the top half.
Bend the resulting triangle in half.
Fold the structure in half and bend the wings along the marked lines.

As you can see, paper airplanes that fly for a very long time can be made different ways. But that's not all. Because you will find several more types of crafts floating in the air for a long time.

How to make a "Shuttle"

Using the following method, it is quite possible to make a small model of the Shuttle:

You will need a square piece of paper.
Fold it diagonally to one side, unfold and fold it to the other. Leave in this position.
Fold the left and right edges towards the center. It turned out to be a small square.
Now fold this square diagonally.
At the resulting triangle, bend the front and back leaves.
Then fold them under the central triangles so that a small figure remains peeking out from below.
Fold the top triangle and tuck it in the middle so that a small top peeks out.
Finishing touches: unfold the lower wings and tuck in the nose.

Here's how to make a paper plane that flies for a long time in an easy and simple way. Enjoy the long flight of your Shuttle.

We make the plane "Gomez" according to the scheme

Fold the sheet in half lengthwise.
Now fold the top right corner to the left edge of the paper. Unbend.
Do the same on the other side.
Next, fold the top so that a triangle is formed. The bottom part remains unchanged.
Bend the lower right corner to the top.
Turn the left corner inward. You should get a small triangle.
Bend the design in half and form wings.

Now you know that he flew far.

What are paper airplanes for?

These simple aircraft schemes will allow you to enjoy the game, and even organize competitions between different models, finding out who owns the championship in flight duration and range.

Boys (and maybe their dads) will especially like this activity, so teach them how to create winged cars out of paper, and they will be happy. Such activities develop children's dexterity, accuracy, perseverance, concentration and spatial thinking, and contribute to the development of imagination. And the prize will be those made that fly for a very long time.

Launch airplanes outdoors in calm weather. And yet, you can take part in the competition of such crafts, however, in this case, you need to know that some of the models presented above are prohibited in such events.

There are many other ways that fly for a very long time. The above are just some of the most effective ones you can do. However, do not limit yourself to only them, try others. And perhaps, over time, you will be able to improve some of the models or come up with a new, more advanced system for making them.

Incidentally, some paper models planes are capable of doing aerial figures and various stunts. Depending on the type of design, you will need to launch strongly and sharply or smoothly.

In any case, all of the above airplanes will fly for a long time and will give you a lot of fun and pleasant experiences, especially if you made them yourself.