What features should be overcome the river. Overcoming water barriers

The presence of a crossing water bodies- the basis of the criterion for the complexity of the route for a hiker. In addition, routes of this type have the highest mortality rate even among experienced tourists. What can we say about people who are inexperienced in these matters, who like to spend time in nature and travel on foot? .. For them, such an obstacle on the way can cause a spoiled vacation, and if they don’t know the rules of crossing the river, even more sad consequences ...

There are many ways to cross rivers, but some of the methods described in the literature, such as crossing with a noose around your neck or running down the river, are completely unacceptable for practical use.

The most common and in a simple way crossing water obstacles was and remains the fording of the river. The first step in such a crossing is to find a ford. A ford is a shallow place along a river that can be crossed or driven by car. Shallows, ripples on the surface of the water, the expansion of the river in its straight section, protruding stones, islands, and also paths that descend to the river indicate the shallow depth of the flat river. When a suitable place for a ford is found, with the help of a pole, you need to explore the bottom for whirlpools, deep holes, snags, mud, since their presence can become a serious obstacle when crossing. You need to explore the bottom with a pole at least 2 m long. You need to move at an angle to the current, leaning on the pole. The pole should be rearranged in front of you upstream with each step - it will be pressed to the bottom by the pressure of the water. If the pole is downstream, it can be demolished.

Finding a ford in a mountain river is much more difficult, since the water temperature, the steepness of the banks, the strength of the current and the nature of the bottom in such rivers are quite dangerous. When finding a ford in a mountain river, you should choose the narrowest and shallowest place in the riverbed, with the most gentle banks, if possible, with the lowest possible flow and with the absence of characteristic dangers (we will talk about them later in the article). A mountain river should be crossed at a depth of no more than 1 m and top speed flow no more than 1 ms. If the current speed is higher than indicated, even a depth of half a meter is dangerous for the crossing. It is also not recommended to wade the river under adverse meteorological conditions - rain, snow, hail. This will make it difficult to move and contribute to a very rapid rise in the water level in the river (especially in the mountains). The lowest water level in mountain rivers observed in the early morning, the highest - in the evening. Sometimes the water level in the morning decreases so much that the bottom becomes visible.

A mountain river more than 50 meters wide can be crossed even with high speed currents. However, such a crossing should be avoided. If you decide to cross to the other side in such an extreme way or the fall into the water was accidental, you need to know the characteristic dangers of a mountain river, which should be taken into account when assessing your actions in an emergency. These hazards include:

• blockage - a tree or stones that blocked the bottom of the river;
• clamp - especially clamp with an underwater mainsail;
• a steep drain - the most dangerous example is a waterfall;
• a ridge of stones of the "threshold" type;
• large pitfalls located in a ridge;
• funnels;
• high speed and turbulence of the current, which can carry a person downstream or prevent him from getting back on his feet after overcoming the river;
• low water temperature.

Also, a mountain river can be overcome with the help of a ground crossing in the form of a fallen tree. You can find a naturally fallen tree, or you can fell a tree that grows in close proximity to the shore. It is advisable to choose a place where the channel is narrow enough and the banks are slightly higher than the current - so that the water does not flood the log. The log can be replaced with poles, boards, and other improvised materials. The land crossing also includes crossing over stones protruding from the water. With this method of crossing, you should be very careful: choose dry, non-slip and stable stones, think over the trajectory of your movement in advance.

Fording across the river should only be shod and dressed, but without a backpack and other bulky things. You can transport them to the opposite shore as follows: find a ford, reconnoiter the bottom, tie a rope on the shore, go with its free end to the opposite shore and fix it there. Then you should return, with the help of a carabiner or a free knot, tie to the rope for the purpose of insurance, and already cross back with things. If a group of people is crossing, you need to move along the rope in a column or in pairs, one after another, with an added step. The strongest and most experienced member of the group should be at the head of the column.

If the obstacle is a narrow river or stream, then it can be overcome by jumping over it, leaning on a strong pole. A backpack and other things should first be transferred to the opposite bank.

Crossing a frozen river should be done after preliminary reconnaissance of the strength of the ice with a pole. If a group of people is crossing, you need to have a pole 2-2.5 m long while crossing and keep a distance of at least 5 m from each other.

A pedestrian tourist will have to do it repeatedly during a hike or. The crossing is one of the most insidious obstacles, requiring, in addition to knowledge, a certain skill. The mountain river is a serious water obstacle.

Overcoming water obstacles - types of crossings

• wade,
• by laying,
• on a rope (the so-called hinged crossing).

Place for a ford

Crossing streams and rivers

A clean, quietly flowing river with clear water in a dream portends joy, satisfaction with the course of one's life.

The noise of the river in a dream portends some kind of scandal, quarrel or evil. Sometimes such a dream warns of danger.

The smooth surface of the river reflecting surrounding nature, portends future changes, peace and a happy, prosperous life.

If in your dream the reflection in the water differs from what should be reflected there, then great disappointments, failures and deception of loved ones await you. The failures predicted by this dream can adversely affect your future.

Seeing a bloody river in a dream is a sign of great misfortune, a serious illness. Falling into it in a dream is a harbinger of a serious illness or death.

The milk river in a dream portends great joy, profit, wealth and pleasure.

If you dream that the river overflowed its banks and flooded the surroundings, then a great shock awaits you and you will need all your patience to cope with the shock. Such a dream can also mean a big scandal, which can be bad for your future.

The dream in which you saw that the river was taking you away with its course means that you should control your feelings and not try to vent evil on friends or loved ones, as this can lead to a break in some kind of relationship. Such a dream also portends danger, illness or prolonged trial.

It is better to dream that you were able to get out of the river, since in this case the dream predicts that you will be able to avoid danger and safely complete the work you have begun.

Looking at the river from a high bank in a dream means that soon you will have a road. The longer the river is, the longer your road will be.

If you dream that the river blocked your path, then you need to prepare to overcome great difficulties, without which your business will fail.

Crossing a river in a dream means the fulfillment of a secret desire or achievement big goal. Such a dream often portends a big profit.

If in a dream someone helps you swim across the river, then a happy chance awaits you. Such a dream may portend a win or unexpected money.

Wading a river in a dream is a sign of overcoming obstacles.

If you dream that a calm river with clean and clear water flows in your house, then soon a rich guest will visit your house, who can become your patron and help you arrange your destiny.

If in a dream the river spoils furniture or harms your belongings, then you should be wary of scandals or quarrels in the house, as this will disrupt the calm course of your life and cause a long strife between your family members.

Jumping into a river in a dream means that you hope to improve your affairs soon. See interpretation: flood, sink, swim.

Subscribe to the channel Dream Interpretation!

water obstacles very often they can become a problem that is difficult to solve, and in some cases rivers and swamps can cause the trip to be canceled. Also, if the water obstacle is not properly overcome, accidents or health problems can occur. Therefore, it is always necessary to determine the presence of rivers, lakes and swamps on the route map, and if such appear on your way, it is very important to know how to overcome them correctly.
This article presents guidelines to overcome water obstacles, which were developed by V. G. Varlamov.

How to ford the river

Ford is a shallow place in the river, where you can cross it on foot or by car. Fording the river is the most common case of crossing. If the river is shallow or very narrow, so that it can be jumped over, then it does not take much effort to overcome such a river. But for wide and deep rivers, you need to know how to choose the right place for a ford. The ford can be found by such external signs: ripples on the surface of the water, the expansion of the river in its straight section, islets, rifts, reaches, shallows, as well as paths and roads that descend to the river.

The figure below shows a generalized scheme of the river, which shows possible depths on the river.

It should be noted that the ford on different rivers may be defined differently. So on flat rivers, when choosing a ford, it is necessary to establish the absence of whirlpools, silt, deep pits, snags, mud, flooded trees and other objects that can cause serious complications when crossing the river. But in a mountain river to find a ford along outward signs even more difficult. Here it is necessary to determine the width of the river bed, its possible depth, the state of the bottom and the speed of the current. It is very important to choose the tactics of overcoming the river, i.e. after finding a ford, you need to choose the place of approach and the conditional place of exit to the opposite bank.

If the river is very difficult, then they use a safety rope, which is fastened from the side of the chest with a carabiner to the chest harness. After successfully crossing the river, the participant fastens the rope to a reliable object to help other tourists cross. Holding on to the rope, tourists cross the river facing the current. If the river has a very large current, then you need to attach to the rope with a carabiner or a safety loop. In order not to leave the rope, the last participant unties it and attaches to it, and then with the help of a pole is transported across the river. It is believed that it is safer to wade across the river in clothes and shoes.

How to cross a river over water

You can jump over a small river. And many mountain small rivers are overcome on protruding stones if they are located in a step or at a distance of a small jump that can be made from a place. If there is no such place, then you can manually throw a few stones. In any case, when crossing rivers, you need to use a pole (stick) for insurance. In some cases, if it is impossible to jump over the river (you have a heavy backpack or the river has a distance that it is already impossible to jump), you can lean on a pole and jump to the opposite bank by pushing off your bank.

The most convenient and safe to eat crossing the river on a log or a tree. In this case place for crossing it is chosen so that it is narrow and has raised banks (so that water does not flood the log). Before the start of the crossing, the log must be strengthened on both sides of the river. To install a log on the other side of the river, a rope is used, with which you can lift it and send it to the other side. Then this rope is tied at the right height above the log to be used as a railing.

The crossing can be done if there is a tree near the river. It is cut in such a way that it falls on the opposite bank. The first participant without a backpack is transported to the opposite bank along the tree and, for reliability, attaches it.

In some cases, a natural blockage can be found on the river, along which it can be crossed. But before that, you need to make sure about its strength.

Although in the Carpathians most of the large mountain rivers are located near settlements, where there are bridges, still the probability of meeting a stormy and deep river is high, especially during the rainy season, when a small stream can turn into a dangerous stream of water. In this case, the crossing is carried out using a stretched rope (or cable). In any case, one of the tourists must ford the river to the opposite bank in order to secure the end of the rope on the other bank. If this cannot be done, then you can try the technique of throwing a rope with an object in order to overwhelm it over a certain support (stone, tree, bushes, rock ledge, etc.). After that, one participant in the hike is transported along the rope to the other side and securely fastens its end. The other end is also firmly fixed.

To do crossing the river on a rope, tourists must fasten to two ropes with carabiners from the chest harness and gazebo. The crossing is carried out feet first if the ropes are strongly inclined towards the opposite bank. And, we cross head first if the stretched ropes have a small angle of slope or sag.
You need to move along the rope in a horizontal position due to your weight. Sometimes an auxiliary rope is used, which is fastened to the carabiners on which the tourist is transported. With the help of an auxiliary rope, other participants can pull the tourist. All accessories and backpacks are transported separately from people.

How to cross rivers and reservoirs on ice

In winter, rivers and lakes are covered with ice, which can be crossed if the ice is strong enough. Therefore, before entering the ice, it is necessary to check its condition and then take all necessary measures safety (loosen the straps of the backpack, set a distance between the participants of 5-7 meters). It is obligatory to have a rope ready when entering the ice and each participant must have a pole. A rope and a pole are needed in case a hiker falls through the ice in order to pull him out of the water.

How to make water crossings

By water, the crossing can be carried out using boats, kayaks, collapsible catamarans, air mattresses, inflatable rafts, home-made wooden rafts. When crossing the water, you must not overload the ship with people and cargo. It is always necessary to check the reliability of the connection and the carrying capacity of swimming facilities before crossing. In stormy weather, the crossing is not possible.

Implementation of the crossing

Swimming is used when it is impossible to use other types of crossing through a reservoir. With such a crossing, it is advisable to use an auxiliary rope, with the help of which people and backpacks are transported (backpacks fit into a plastic bag to avoid getting wet). If we have a rapid current on the river, then in this case it is advisable to refuse to pass the water barrier, since such a river can be dangerous.

During the movement through the territory controlled by the enemy, rivers, tributaries, streams, canals of irrigation systems, other water barriers will be encountered on the way of the group, which, most likely, will have to be overcome on the move, without preliminary reconnaissance of these obstacles and thorough preparation, without having specially funds intended for this, in any weather, day and night.

During the movement through the territory controlled by the enemy, rivers, tributaries, streams, canals of irrigation systems, other water barriers will be encountered on the way of the group, which, most likely, will have to be overcome on the move, without preliminary reconnaissance of these obstacles and thorough preparation, without having specially funds intended for this, in any weather, day and night. Therefore, in our difficult time, it is useful to know how to short time and, in compliance with security measures, overcome water obstacles encountered on the way, how to equip the simplest crossing facilities using improvised materials, learn to evaluate the obstacles encountered on the way and choose the most appropriate ways to overcome them.

River crossings are among the most dangerous obstacles. Therefore, before forcing water barriers it is necessary to comprehensively assess the possible difficulties that may arise when crossing unfamiliar rivers, take into account the number of people in the group, their physical fitness, the experience of the elder and other people in making crossings.

Plain rivers are characterized by a wide channel, a slow calm current, a soft or muddy bottom, often of great depth, mountain rivers - a fast current, changing water levels during the day, low temperature. The bottom of the mountain rivers is hard, rocky, the longitudinal profile is stepped, with rapids and waterfalls, in the upper reaches the current is swift, uneven.

Seasonal floods and bad weather can complicate the crossing. During torrential rains or shortly thereafter, river levels may rise. In mountain rivers, the water level is lowest before dawn and highest in the evening. This is due to the melting of snow and ice in the mountains. But in the middle and lower reaches of large rivers, the daily flood is late.

The seasonal water level in mountain and lowland rivers differs sharply. In the driest and hottest time of the year, when the lowland rivers become shallow, the high water is at its height on the mountain ones. This must be taken into account when developing an action plan and timetable.

Choice of crossing site. To ensure safety, it is important to be able to choose the right place for the crossing. Circumstances do not always allow the group to explore the water line in advance and choose a suitable place for the crossing. A topographical map helps to facilitate this task. It can be used to determine the direction and speed of the river, its width and depth, banks, fords. Unfortunately, such detailed information only found on military maps. On ordinary, commercially available, there are no such details. Given that military topographic maps at a scale of 1:200000 (1 cm 2 km) have been declassified and chipboard, try to have one.

Approximately determine the speed of the flow of the river can be a simple way. To do this, they throw a piece of wood into the river and mark the distance that it will swim in one second.

By determining the direction and speed of the river, its width, you can find the amount of possible drift when crossing by swimming or using improvised means. To do this, the figure 2.5 is multiplied by the speed of the current (m / s), the result is multiplied by the width of the river (m). This will be the amount of drift. Having estimated how many meters people will be carried downstream, you need to choose the most suitable landing area on the opposite bank.

When choosing a crossing site, not only the speed of the current and the width of the channel are taken into account, but also the depth of the river, the availability of places for organizing insurance, monitoring and managing the crossing. In addition, the nature of the bottom and the stones rolling along it are taken into account, which usually make themselves felt with dull blows on the bottom.

When crossing a stormy river downstream, it is advisable to organize a post to intercept people in case they fall into the water and are carried away by the current. The post is set at the point to which the person who has fallen into the water should be carried out. This place is determined by a branch thrown into the water from the place of a possible breakdown. You can also throw a log, chips into the water. If they are carried on snags, whirlpools or sharp stones, the place for the crossing is unsuitable.

It is also necessary to check the place for the safety post. People on it should be safe themselves and be able to provide assistance. The belay post must be located in such a place that the rope does not cross dangerous places or obstacles. It is desirable that there is a tree or rock nearby that could be used to make a rope.

At the end of the rescue rope, a float is tied. With one hand, they take half or a third of the skein, and with the other, free, they throw the rest of the rope to the rescued (previously carefully laid to avoid tangling during the throw). At the same time, the end of 3.5-4 meters long is left untwisted.

The rope must be thrown to the place where the current carries the one who has fallen off at the crossing - downstream in front of the one who has fallen into the water.

The rescuer pulling the casualty should secure the rope to a rock or tree to make it easier to hold the person when he grabs the rope.

A person who has fallen into the water must know the location of the safety post and, in anticipation of a thrown rope, must turn around face downstream. Grasping the rope, the rescued person must be ready for a jerk and strong opposition to the current. The rescue line must be held firmly, but without wrapping the rope around the hand. The victim should approach the shore, sorting through the rope with his hands, until he reaches shallow water. After that, the rope is used to keep on one's feet during the landfall.

For the crossing, it is necessary to look for the safest areas. At the same time, sometimes you have to decide where it is better to cross: where it is safer, but there is a high probability of being captured by the enemy, or where there is no enemy, but the crossing itself will be more dangerous. In all cases, common sense and practicality are needed. It is not a bad idea to make an analysis and decide where there will be less possible losses.

The approaches to the river and the place of exit to the opposite bank should provide the maximum secrecy of the group so that it can prepare for the crossing and put itself in proper readiness after the crossing. It is necessary to look for a place so that the river bank from which the crossing will go is higher than the opposite, this will allow better control of the surrounding area.

If time and situation allow, then for reconnaissance of the other shore, where the group's path lies, it is advisable to cross to one person and only at his signal the others begin to cross.

In all cases, when crossing water barriers, it is necessary to keep weapons and ammunition in combat readiness, and clothes and shoes, if possible, dry.

Crossing wade. The site for the crossing should be sought where there is shallow water, since in these places the soil of the bottom and banks is always denser. The fords, which the locals systematically use, are easy to identify by the entrance of the road or path into the water and its continuation on the opposite bank. Places suitable for fording can be identified by the following features:

Visible shallows with clear water;

Places with sloping banks, where the river expands and forms spills;

Small ripples on the surface of the water with a weak current;

Water swings.

Swampy rivers, the channels of which are overgrown with reeds, sedges, and algae, in most cases are of little use for fording due to the high melting and viscosity of the bottom.

Before fording a river, especially in places that have already been used by troops or local residents, it is imperative to check whether the ford is mined, to determine whether it is under enemy observation.

The depth of the river and the condition of the bottom soil are determined by a pole. The pole enters the muddy soil easily, in the clay or sandy - with difficulty. When determining the depth of the ford, along with the layer of water, one should also take into account the layer of silt to solid ground.

The fordability of the river depends on the depth and speed of the current. So, at a current speed of 1 m / s, it is quite safe and without insurance to cross a river 1 meter deep, at a speed of 2 m / s, a depth of 0.6-0.8 meters is safe. The shallow stony bottom facilitates the crossing.

When choosing a place for a ford, you need to take into account that it is better to cross the river at an angle of 40-45 "downstream, especially at high flow rates. Never try to cross the river in close proximity to the waterfall. The stream must be crossed where there is convenient shallow water or sand bar.

It is best to cross the mountain rivers in the morning, as in the middle of the day and especially in the evening, the melting of glaciers intensifies and the water level rises.

On small rivers, where the depth is not great - up to the knees, and the speed of the current does not impede movement, it is possible to cross without insurance and railings, but before that it is necessary to explore the path. Reconnaissance is carried out by the "wall" or line method.

For the crossing to the scout team, you should appoint the highest and strong people. The strongest of them gets upstream. It will experience the most flow pressure. The other 2-3 participants stand next to him in one line along the direction of the flow, put their hands on each other's shoulders, holding the shoulder straps of the back packs, and move forward with small steps.

No less reliable is the "Tajik" method. Four or six people, embracing the waist or shoulders, form a circle and, trying to coordinate their movements, walk slowly so that everyone can find the most reliable places for legs.

On more difficult places, the insurance of the first person going first is required. He is insured with the main and auxiliary ropes, the ends of which are tied on his back.

In this position, it is more convenient to walk, and it is easier to swim when carried by the current. When pulling it to the shore, a person floats on his back, and the water does not flood his face.

The one carried down by the current is kept on the main rope, while at the same time pulling the auxiliary one to the shore. Therefore, belayers with an auxiliary rope are located on the shore downstream from the main rope.

In the event of a breakdown, the crossing sometimes has to run along the shore, since the tightly stretched main rope can make it difficult to stay above the water. At the same time, the coordination of the actions of the belayers with the main and auxiliary ropes is very important. While the former make it possible for the crossing current to swim, the latter must pull it towards the shore.

On mountain rivers, you should cross in boots so as not to injure your legs. For stability, they use a strong pole, which rests on the bottom from the side of the current. Putting their foot down, they feel the bottom and look for a reliable support. After the first one has crossed, the railings are pulled up and the rest cross over.

Railing guidance. Even in cases where there is masonry across the river, which is used by local residents, or a reliable trunk of a fallen tree itself formed a bridge, it is necessary to build a railing. If the river is not wide, with a more or less calm course and downstream there is clearly no dangerous places(waterfalls, rapids, sharp stones, etc.), railings can be made from a pole, which two people each hold on their own bank. Walking along the masonry is insured with a rope from the shore.

Rope railings are built to wade across the stones, along the log to the other side.

The railing must be taut, as a loose rope can be more dangerous than if it were not there at all. Therefore, both ends of the rope are tied to supports. The best option trees on both banks.

If the tree is thin, the same end of the rope is tied to another tree, bush or support driven into the ground and littered with stones. A large shrub can also be used for support; the rope should be tied at its very root and secured in the same way as with thin trees. Rocky ledges, large boulders, stakes driven into the ground or poles littered with stones are quite reliable. The reliability of the railing is checked by the one who goes first with insurance from the shore.

The end of the rope, fixed on the shore, from which the crossing begins, must be tied on a support with a knot that can be easily untied after the crossing is completed. If you pull hard on the rope that is tied to the free end of the knot, the knot will easily unravel. It remains to pull the rope out of the water.

Crossing over protruding stones held on the rifts of shallow mountain streams and rivers. If stones are located far away in some places of the river, artificial islands can be made. For self-insurance, there should be a pole in the hands, with which the bottom is probed, the density of the stones, their mobility, and additional support is created.

On the stone crossings dangerous rivers always need insurance.

Hinged ferry, This type of crossing is the most difficult, therefore it is used only when there is no other way out. In the absence of a sufficient number of ropes, hanging crossings are not possible. The choice of a crossing point is determined by the following requirements:

The width of the river should be less than the length of the main (unconnected) ropes by 8 - 10 meters;

- both banks must be raised above

water, taking into account the inevitable sagging of the rope;

The shore from which the crossing is carried out must be higher than the opposite, in addition, there must be trees, a rock or protruding stones on it, for which a rope can be tied.

When the place is chosen, you need to fix the rope on the opposite bank. This is done in different ways: you can throw a double rope with small stones or sticks tied to its middle in the hope that they will overwhelm the trees. If a ford is found, the strongest of the group on a thorough belay or swim on improvised means also goes to the opposite bank with insurance, where he fastens the two main ropes to a tree, a protruding rock or clogged hooks. The rest pull the ropes tight and fasten them.

With the help of an auxiliary rope, fixed in the middle, stacks are transported to the other side, then people. Those who cross with their heads in the direction of the crossing are located so that they can pull themselves up with their hands to the shore when the rope sags.

The middle of the auxiliary rope is attached to the chest harness on the back to help pull up to the opposite shore and return the chest harness and arbor for use by the next person, the trailing one fixes the ropes so that after crossing it, they can be removed from the opposite bank.

Crossing the masonry the most convenient and safe, especially in the cold season, with great depth and strength of the stream, stones rolling along the bottom. Usually masonry is found in forests and is used local residents. This is a fallen tree trunk or several fastened poles fixed on the banks. Such masonry is unstable, often carried away by water after floods, so they often have to be done again. Sometimes it is possible to find a washed-out section of the coast with a tree strongly leaning towards the other coast. Such a tree can be felled and used as a bridge. Only first you need to cut off the branches and branches that will interfere with the crossing. So that the tree does not fall prematurely, but lies in right place, it is secured with ropes. In addition, these ropes will serve as a railing for the first person to cross. In many places in the mountains and taiga along the banks of the rivers there are fallen trees. After making sure that the tree trunk is suitable for crossing and lifting it according to the strength of the group, they begin to work. First of all, it is cleared of branches and branches. To prevent the trunk from being slippery, especially during rain, its surface is covered with notches.

To prepare the masonry, an emphasis is first made of stones or a hole is torn off. Then a rope is tied to the thinner end of the trunk in its middle part, and the trunk is placed parallel to the shore. The thick part of the trunk is placed near the stop, and two small groups are held by the ends of the ropes. After that, on command, both groups begin to pull the stretch marks and raise the trunk. For safety reasons, the senior group needs to ensure that there are no people within the radius of the trunk, The trunk is raised at an angle of 40-45 degrees to the ground, It is undesirable to increase the angle, since the log may fall, and at a lower angle it will be difficult to hold and direct it in the right direction .

Then, without lowering the trunk, they slowly lead it towards the other bank and, at the command of the elder, slowly lower it. If you just drop it, it may break. After the log has laid its end on the other side, its stability is checked, if necessary, stones are placed or stakes are hammered. Then both ends of the rope are pulled to the limit, turning it into a railing for the first participant, who comes with insurance and after the crossing prepares already high-quality railings.

The top of the trunk can be rafted to the opposite bank using the force of the current. This method is also possible for a small group.

To do this, the trunk is laid parallel to the shore, securely strengthening the butt in the nest. Then the rope is tied in the middle to the thin end of the trunk. After that, the trunk is gradually pushed into the river, holding the butt until it is picked up by the current. When the end of the trunk begins to approach the opposite bank, they try to lift it a little higher and push it ashore, pulling both extensions.

The barrel must not be flooded with water. If, during the crossing of the first person, the log sagged and touched the water or went into the water, he, having crossed and tied a rope for the railing to the support, should try to move the end of the trunk higher.

In order not to fall into the water, you need to walk along the masonry calmly, on one log there should not be two or more crossing at the same time.

Crossing swim. To overcome the river by swimming, you should choose the narrowest sections of the channel or cross in places where there are islands or shallows where you can relax.

When crossing by swimming in clothes, you need to remember that the swimmer's weight increases due to

water soaking into clothes and shoes. To prevent excessive weight gain, unbutton the sleeves and collar, turn pockets inside out, and remove shoes.

Such a raft is great for transporting things, but for people it is too small. Holding on to the raft with one hand, they push it in front of them and so they cross to the other side. If the current is fast, then it is advisable to tie the raft with a rope to your hand so that it is not carried away. To covertly overcome a water barrier, you can use a tree trunk. They clasp it with one hand and swim, pushing off with their feet and raking with the other hand.

For camouflage, you can use floating boxes or a self-made artificial island. These methods are good for a small group of 2-3 people, as more of these items on the water can cause suspicion and shooting at them.