White shallot variety. Shallot varieties: early, mid-season, late

Shallot, also known as bush onion, also known as kushchevka, or family onion. The names of this plant can be listed for a long time, but each of you has probably heard at least one of them. This perennial plant is widely grown in Asia, Russia and Western Europe. Shallots are incredibly popular among gardeners due to their characteristics, which you will learn about below. We will talk about growing shallots and caring for them (photo instructions are attached).

Shallot: description, plant characteristics

The plant belongs to the group of onions, but at the same time it has its own characteristics that set it apart from the classic one that is familiar to everyone onions. Shallots are multi-primed onions, which even from one bulb used when planting a plant grows into several daughter bulbous heads. Shallot bulbs are no different large sizes: in diameter they rarely exceed 4 cm, the weight of one bulb reaches a maximum of 50 g.

The bulbs have a round or oval, elongated (most often) shape. The peculiarity of the structure is associated, first of all, with the way the young bulbs are attached to the planting plant: they are attached to its heel, so they have a pointed nose.

In one shallot nest there are usually about 5-10 bulbs, but some varieties can simply be called record holders: in one nest there are up to 40 bulbous heads. Color onion peel can be brown (various shades), white, pink and even purple.

Shallots are grown in two ways. The choice of the appropriate method directly depends on the purpose for which you plan to plant onions. For example, the plant is grown to produce juicy large onion feathers. Sometimes it is grown exclusively for turnips. But more on that later.

Shallot

Shallots are very popular among gardeners due to a considerable number of advantages, among which are:

early ripening - onion feathers grow incredibly quickly and very early (about a month after planting), and the harvest of bulbs ripens several weeks earlier than the earliest variety of onions;
high productivity;
ease of cultivation and care;
plant hardiness (due to high frost resistance, shallots can be planted even in winter);
keeping quality.

Shallots enjoy deserved popularity among gourmets due to their significant difference from onions. Thus, shallots have a very delicate, narrower and smaller feather, which over time practically does not lose its taste and does not become rough. The bulbs also have a more delicate and mild taste: they do not contain bitterness, they are often semi-sweet.

Advice. Shallots are best suited for preparing delicate soups and delicate aromatic dishes, because even after heat treatment it does not acquire a pronounced onion taste and does not drown out the taste of other components of the dish.

Growing plants in open ground

Growing is not particularly difficult, but shallots still like a certain amount of care. It is also quite picky about planting conditions. More on this later.

Planting onions

Site preparation and planting

So, an exclusively sunny area with moist (but not excessively), light and fairly fertile soil is suitable for shallots. Perfect option for shallots - wet loam with an admixture of humus or sand. Shallots are also very demanding of predecessor crops: you should avoid planting the plant in an area where beets, carrots, garlic, corn and other crops were previously grown.

Advice. It is advisable not to plant onions next to shallots, since there is a high probability of crossing of these two species.

Preparing the site for planting onions should begin in advance - in the fall (if spring planting is planned). It is necessary to thoroughly clear the weeds and dig up the soil onto the bayonet of a shovel, then add a nutrient mixture of humus, urea, wood ash with the addition of superphosphate (at the rate of about 4 kg of humus, 1 tablespoon of urea and superphosphate, as well as 2 tablespoons of ash per every sq. m). With the onset of spring (a couple of weeks before planting), nitrogen fertilizer is added to the soil. If you plan to plant shallots in the fall, soil preparation should begin in the summer.

Before planting (5-7 days before), the bulbous heads must be sorted and processed. Choose only medium-sized bulbs: small ones are low-yielding, and large ones produce many small heads. After this, the bulbs are immersed in warm water for 7-10 hours. If this is not possible, you can keep them for about 30 minutes in a fungicide solution.

The seed is planted in prepared furrows to a depth of about 2 cm, maintaining a distance of 10 cm between individual seedlings. The distance between rows should be about 15 cm. The soil should be slightly moist at the time of planting.

Features of care

Caring for shallots is not only easy, but also pleasant. It is enough just to promptly remove weeds from the beds (this will reduce the risk of viral diseases), regularly loosen the beds and saturate the soil with sufficient moisture.

Shallots in the garden

As for watering, it should be moderate and not too frequent (2-3 waterings are enough for the entire growing season), weeding and loosening the soil is enough to do a couple of times a week. Try to monitor the condition of the soil and the weather and, if necessary, adjust the watering and weeding schedule.

Fertilizer application is also important element care for shallots. The plant loves organic matter very much, so you can periodically add chicken manure diluted with water (a mineral fertilizer complex is also suitable).

Advice. 3-4 weeks before harvest, fertilizing should be stopped if you want to get large enough onion heads. If your goal is to obtain greenery, you can continue feeding.

So, our acquaintance with gourmet onions is coming to an end. As you can see, this plant is significantly different from onions in better side, which means it is worthy of attention. Good luck!

(popularly known as family onion, bush onion, bush onion, forty-toothed onion) is a type of onion. It has been cultivated for more than 2 thousand years. Its Latin name Allium ascalonicum it derives from the name of the city of Ascolon in Palestine, where it was bred in large numbers in ancient times. From these places in the 13th century the crusaders began to bring it to Europe.

Externally, shallot plants are smaller than onions. Its leaves are also tubular, but narrow, awl-shaped, dark green, with a waxy coating. It’s not for nothing that shallots are considered an aristocrat - their bulbs are tender, juicy, tasty and aromatic. It is especially appreciated by gourmets, because... it is believed that it does not drown out the subtle taste of other products.

Shallots differ in appearance from onions in that they have smaller bulbs (20–50 g), strong branching, and most importantly, great early maturity and high shelf life of the bulbs, which last without problems until the next harvest. It ripens a month earlier than onions and hardly shoots. Shallots are exceptionally frost-hardy. Even a frozen bulb germinates and produces a good harvest.

Among the people, shallots are highly valued for their juicy and aromatic greens and medium-sized, well-stored bulbs, which, even in a city apartment, are stored until the next harvest. Its taste is very pleasant, sharp, but softer than that of onions. And his feather is very delicate and does not become rough for a long time. And it’s much easier to grow than onions.

Shallot varieties

Most often, when growing shallots, gardeners pay much less attention to the variety than when growing onions. They're usually just looking for a "family bow." However, there are quite a few varieties of shallots, including excellent varieties of the Ural and Siberian selection. And to make them easier to navigate, below is given very short description the most common varieties of shallots.

Airat– mid-season semi-sharp variety for growing in a two-year crop. Productivity 1.6 kg/sq.m. The bulb is round, with yellow dry scales, weighing 15 g. It forms 5–6 bulbs in the nest.
Albik– early ripening variety. The bulbs are round-flat, weighing 20–30 g. Up to 8 bulbs are formed in the nest. It is characterized by consistently high yield and good keeping quality of the bulbs.
Andreyka– mid-season semi-sharp variety with dark brown dry and pinkish juicy scales. The bulb is transversely elliptical, weighing 25 g. Productivity 1.8 kg/sq.m.
Atlas F1- mid-season hybrid. The bulbs have excellent taste and store very well. Dry outer scales are bronze-brown.
Afonya– mid-season semi-sharp productive variety (2.0 kg/sq. m). The bulb is broadly ovoid, weighing up to 30 g. Dry scales are dark red, juicy – reddish. Forms 4–5 bulbs in a nest.
Belozerets 94- early ripening variety, sharp taste. Ripens in 76–85 days. The bulbs are round and round-oval, weighing 21–27 g. The color of dry scales is light lilac with a yellow tint, of juicy ones – violet with a lilac tint. The bulbs are in marketable condition, long-lasting.

Bonnila F1- refers to mid-season varieties of semi-sharp taste, grown in one place for up to five years. The yield of turnips with leaves is 1.5 kg/sq.m. m. Grown as an annual crop from seeds. The growing season is 82–87 days. In a nest there are 4 or more round bulbs weighing 30–39 g each. Dry bulb scales are yellow-brown. The variety is long-lived and produces stable yields of greens and bulbs.
Vitamin basket- an early ripening variety with a pungent taste. From germination to harvesting of green feathers 19–22 days, to mass lodging of leaves 65–70 days. The color of dry scales is yellow, while that of juicy scales is white. Bulbs weighing up to 30 g. The keeping quality of the bulbs is high.
Vonsky- late-ripening onion variety. The bulbs are small to medium in size (30–70 g), usually containing 3–4 bulbs per nest. The color of the outer scales of the bulbs is red, the inner juicy scales are white with a light purple tint, the taste of the bulbs is semi-sharp. It stands out among other varieties due to its resistance to unfavorable growing conditions, pests and diseases.
Guarantee– mid-season variety. The bulbs are round-flat, weighing 25–30 g, semi-sharp in taste. The color of dry scales is yellow. The variety is characterized by high yield and preservation of the bulbs.
Miner– a mid-season variety with a semi-sharp taste for growing in a two-year crop. The bulb is round, weighing 16–18 g. There are 5–7 bulbs in the nest. Dry bulb scales are yellow. Productivity 1.6 kg/sq. m.
Guran– mid-season semi-sharp variety for growing in a two-year crop. The bulbs are round, weighing 26 g. Dry scales are light brown with a grayish tint. Forms 4–5 bulbs in a nest. Productivity 1.7 kg/sq. m.

Firebird- mid-season semi-sharp variety with a growing season of 49–52 days. The bulbs are round-flat, weighing 25–30 g. Dry scales are yellow-brown.
Star. One of the earliest ripening varieties with a growing season from germination to lodging of leaves of 55–60 days. The bulbs are small, weighing 25–50 g, and have a sharp taste. The color of the raw scales is yellow with pink tint, internal juicy – white. The variety is drought-resistant and productive.
Emerald- early ripening semi-sharp variety. The bulb is round, weighing 18–22 g. Dry scales are brown with a pink tint, juicy scales are white. There are 3–4 bulbs in the nest. Turnip yield is 1.2–1.4 kg/sq.m. m. Stored for up to 10 months.
Cascade- an early-ripening, long-lived variety with a sharp taste for growing in a two-year crop from sets. There are 5–6 bulbs in the nest, weighing up to 35 g each. The bulb is broadly ovoid. Dry pink scales,
Koinarsky- mid-season, semi-sharp variety. The growing season is 83 days. In the nest, 2–4 bulbs of round-flat and round-oval shape are formed, weighing about 26 g. The color of dry scales is brownish-pink, the color of juicy ones is pale lilac with a white tint.
Sturdy- medium-late semi-sharp variety with a growing season of 52–69 days. The bulbs are oval-shaped, with pink dry scales. In a nest there are from 4 to 7 bulbs weighing 23–52 g. The keeping quality of the variety is high. Resistant to bolting and rot. Suitable for winter planting.
Large-bulbous- mid-season variety. The bulbs are large, with an average weight of 50–60 g, straw-yellow in color. The variety is productive, there are usually 3–4 bulbs in a nest.
Kuban yellow- mid-season onion variety. The bulbs are small, weighing from 20 to 35 g, their shape is from round to round-flat. The color of dry scales is yellow-brown, the inner juicy ones are white with a faint green. The taste of the bulbs is semi-sharp. The variety is very productive; there are usually 4–6 bulbs in a nest.
Kuban Kvochka- a multi-primed, long-lasting variety with beautiful pink-red bulbs.
Kunak– an early ripening onion variety with a growing season of 70–75 days. The bulbs are flat-round, weighing 25–35 g, very dense, with a semi-sharp taste. The color of dry scales is yellow, the inner juicy ones are white.
Kushchevka Kharkovskaya– mid-season variety with a growing season of 65–70 days. The bulbs are small, weighing 25–30 g, with a semi-sharp taste. The color of the outer scales is yellow-brown with a purple tint, while the juicy inner scales are light purple. There are usually 6–7 bulbs in a nest. The variety is resistant to low temperatures and lack of water in the soil.

Marneuli (Bargalinsky)- late-ripening shallot variety. The bulbs are elongated-oval, weighing 50–90 g. The color of dry scales is pink-yellow, the inner juicy ones are white. There are usually 4–6 bulbs in a nest. The variety is very productive and is propagated mainly by seeds.
Off-season- an exceptionally productive variety intended for growing for greens in winter and spring greenhouses and in room conditions. The variety is early ripening. The leaves are bright green, up to 30 cm long. The bulbs are flat-rounded, small, weighing up to 20 g. The color of the dry scales is yellow, the inner juicy ones are white. There are 8–10 bulbs in a nest.
Russian Violet- a mid-season variety with a growing season from germination to lodging of about 100 days. The bulbs are round-flat, weighing 25–40 g, semi-sharp or sweet taste. The color of the dry outer scales is violet-brown, while the inner fleshy scales range from light pink to pink. A large nest contains up to 15 bulbs. The variety is exceptionally productive and propagates mainly by bulbs.
Earring– a new mid-season multi-primordial variety for growing in a two-year crop from sets. The bulbs are round, dense, weighing 25 g, with a pungent taste. Dry scales are yellow, juicy, and white. Stored for 8 months.
Siberian Yellow- one of the best early ripening varieties. The growing season from germination to lodging of leaves is 60–70 days. The bulbs are small, weighing 20–25 g, with a pungent taste. The color of the outer dry scales is yellow, the inner juicy ones are white. There are up to 7–8 bulbs in a nest. The variety is very productive, characterized by high shelf life of the bulbs and resistance to diseases.
SIR-7- an early ripening variety of shallots. The bulb is dense, small, weighing 20–35 g. The color of the outer scales is yellow with a pink tint. The number of bulbs in a nest is from 4 to 7 pieces. The variety is very productive, the keeping quality of the bulbs is good.
Snowball- an early ripening variety with bulbs of a pungent taste. The bulb is ovoid, weighing up to 32 g. Dry and juicy scales are white. Turnip yield 1.9 kg/sq.m. Can be stored for up to 7 months.
Centipede- a productive winter-hardy variety. The bulbs are elongated, forming big nest from 5–7 pieces. The color of the outer scales is brownish-violet.
Sophocles- mid-early semi-sharp variety, 59 days pass before leaves lodging. Very productive. Dry scales are brown with a reddish tint, juicy scales are pale purple. In a nest there are from 4 to 8 rounded bulbs weighing from 25 to 50 g. Lightweight, resistant to fusarium rot.
Sprint- an early ripening variety, forms ripe bulbs at the end of July. Good for getting greens. The bulbs have a pungent taste, weighing 20–35 g, light yellow with a pink tint.
Uralsky 40- an excellent early ripening shallot variety, the bulbs ripen at the end of July. The bulbs have a beautiful oval shape, weighing 35–55 g. They are characterized by high and stable yield and keeping quality.
Ural Violet- mid-late semi-sharp variety for growing onions. The color of dry scales is reddish-violet. The weight of flattened bulbs is up to 58 g. The variety is resistant to bolting and rot.
Chapaevsky- mid-season variety, universal use, shelf-stable, semi-sharp taste. The growing season is 66 days. Forms 3–8 bulbs in a nest. The bulbs are round or rounded-flat, weighing up to 40 g. The color of dry scales is light purple with a pink tint, the color of juicy ones is light purple.

"Ural Gardener" No. 13, 2016

Shallots got their name from the Latin, which in Russian sounds like “Ashkelon onion.” Due to its reproduction characteristics, it has acquired the popular name “Kushchevka”: for its ability to sprout in the form of a nest of small bulbs, similar in texture to an unfolded head of garlic. In such a “nest” there are from 5 to 40 bulbs, depending on the type and care. After drying, such a “nest” disintegrates. Both leaves and bulbs are eaten. The bulbs look like regular onions, only much smaller in size: approximately 2-3 cm in diameter, weight 20-30 g. Shallots contain not only a large number of useful and nutrients, but also has excellent taste. Unlike onions shallots contains more minerals, vitamins, sugar.

Shallots began to grow in Central Asia. Now it is especially common in Western Europe, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, in the Central and Western parts of Russia, the North Caucasus, and Transcaucasia. Shallots are a member of the onion family that look similar to regular onions. But inside its head consists of several cloves, like garlic. In medicine it is used to treat eye diseases and diseases of all organs. gastrointestinal tract. Medicinal properties significantly exceed those of onions. It has excellent dietary qualities. Contains in shallots organic compounds have a significant antibacterial and anti-cold effect, lower cholesterol levels, and the abundance of vitamins improves immunity. In folk medicine, shallots are widely used as an external anti-inflammatory wound healing agent.

Early ripeness. 30 days after planting, you can already cut the greens, and after 70 days the bulbs ripen.
Excellent storage properties. At room temperature it persists and does not germinate for a year.
Vegetative method of propagation.
Frost-resistant. Onions are perfectly planted in winter or immediately after winter, in soil slightly warmed by the sun.
The feathers are narrow, thin, and long lasting.
Cutting onions does not cause watery eyes.

Differences in shallot varieties

There are early, medium and late ripening varieties of shallots; according to their taste characteristics - sweet, semi-sharp and spicy varieties. The color of the husk also comes in different shades, depending on the variety. There are about 60 varieties of shallots. Here are the most common: The benefits and harms of shallots are widely discussed by many experts. Compared to its onion counterpart, shallots are more dietary product. It contains a large amount of ascorbic acid, essential oils, a variety of vitamins and minerals.

Airat. Productivity - 1.6 kg per 1 m². These are round bulbs with light yellow husks, weight 15 g. There are 5-7 bulbs in the “nest”.
Albik. A semi-sharp mid-season variety suitable for planting before winter. The shape of the bulb is elliptical, weight is 20-30 g. There are 4-8 bulbs in the “nest”. Productivity - 15-25 tons per 1 hectare.
Banana shallot. This is a hybrid of garlic and onion. The sweetest of all shallot varieties. The bulbs are light in color and oblong in shape, which is why they got their name.
Bonilla F1. Mid-season semi-sharp variety. It can be planted in one place for 5 years. Harvest - 1.5 kg per 1 m². Vegetation period is approximately 85 days. All bulbs are yellow-brown in color, round in shape, weighing 30-40 g. There are 4-8 bulbs in a “nest”.
Emerald. Early ripening semi-sharp variety. The predicted yield is 1.3 kg per 1 m². Vegetation period is approximately 80 days. The bulbs are round in shape, with a pinkish-brown husk, white inside, weighing 20-30 g each. There are 4-5 bulbs in the “nest”.
Cascade. The turnip yield is 17.5 tons per 1 hectare, the green onion yield is approximately 35.5 tons per 1 hectare. Grown from two-year-old seedlings. The bulbs are ovoid, oval in shape, the color of the husk is light pink, weighing 30-35 g. There are 4-6 bulbs in the “nest”. Early ripening.
Kuban. Vegetation period is 80−90 days. The bulbs are round or flat in shape. Weight 25-30 g. There are 3-4 onions in the “nest”. The color of the husk is yellow-brown. Recommended for planting in the Lower Volga region of Russia. Mid-season.
Family. Its bulbs have a round shape, the husk is purple, the inside of the bulb is white, its weight is 17−23 g. The “nest” contains an average of 2−4 bulbs. High resistance to many diseases. Early ripening.
Sprint. Vegetation period 40−70 days. In a nest there are from 5 to 10 bulbs weighing 30−40 g each. Planted for the purpose of obtaining early bulbs and growing green onions in greenhouses or open ground. Early ripening.
Uralsky-40. Vegetation period - 60 days. The bulbs are oval and oblong with yellow husk. There are 4-5 bulbs in the “nest”, weighing from 50 to 100 g each. Designed for growing in any area. Mid-season.

Gastronomic properties of onions

To obtain young greenery, special greenhouses are used. Onions are grown in containers and boxes. An ordinary window sill in an apartment is suitable for year-round cultivation.

The delicate delicate taste of onions, devoid of bitterness, is appreciated by gourmets around the world. Therefore, shallots are very popular in cooking. Shallots are very popular in cooking in various countries. They like to add raw onions to vegetable salads due to the lack of aftertaste and bad breath after eating onions. The texture of the onion is dense with silky pulp; the onion itself has a pleasant sweet or semi-sweet delicate taste and a rather pleasant aroma. When onions are cooked, a thick aroma and piquant taste appear, which does not at all overwhelm the aroma of other ingredients. French chefs use this particular type of onion to prepare national onion soup.

Planting and caring for shallots

Planting shallots in open ground in early spring or before winter. For planting, use seeds, sets or uterine bulbs.

Preparation of planting material for planting:

To prevent diseases 7 days before planting planting material kept for about 9 hours at a constant air temperature of 40 °C.
A few hours before planting, the bulbs are soaked in warm plain water (approximately 30°C).
To prevent fungal diseases, the bulbs are soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate (2 g of potassium permanganate dissolved in 2 liters of water). The planting material is kept in this solution for approximately 6 hours.

Loose, fertile soil is suitable for growing shallots. To obtain high-quality shallots, cultivation and care must include a large open sunny space due to the considerable number of feather-like leaves that cast shadows. The soil is dug up and organic and mineral fertilizers are added.

The bulbs are simply placed in the ground without pressing. The distance between the beds is 30 cm, and between the seedlings themselves in a row - 15 cm. Planting depth varies depending on the time of year. In spring they are planted to a depth of approximately 6 cm, and in winter to approximately 10 cm. The quality of the planted bulbs affects the future harvest. Large bulbs produce a significantly larger amount of greenery. The first watering is carried out 10 days after planting. After this, it is advisable to water the onions at least once every 7 days.

If a very large number of bulbs are formed in the nests, then all of them are small size. To obtain the most enlarged and nutritious bulbs, the “nests” can be normalized (thinned out). At the same time, they very carefully rake out the soil and separate several bulbs, freeing more space for others. The remaining bulbs gain more nutrients and grow juicier and larger. Harvest when all the onion leaves fall to the ground. It is necessary to dry the bulbs under a canopy, excluding direct sunlight. Shallots can be stored at room temperature, but if stored in a colder room, they will last for more than a year.

Procurement of seeds

Shallots: growing from seeds. When this onion is grown in a perennial crop, its yield and nutritional quality are significantly reduced. It is necessary to update the planting material. To do this, onions are propagated using seeds. For this purpose, when planting, the bow is often left for shooting. If planted in the spring, then leave 10% of the onion for shooting, and if in the fall, then 70%. Seeds are only found on bulbs that weigh at least 60 g. Usually these bulbs produce up to 4 arrows. Seeds need to be collected every 3 years. Onions are used for sets current year plantings, and for seeds - two- and three-year-old bulbs. Shallot seeds are small, they are sown at approximately 0.5 g per 1 m².

Shallot diseases

One of the pests of shallots is the onion nematode. It is characterized by a white curvature near the bottom of the bulb. When culling, such onions must be removed, otherwise you can infect the entire area by introducing the pest along with the seeding material. Onions affected by onion nematode are soaked for 1 hour in water heated to a temperature of approximately 45 °C.

Another common pest is aphids. To get rid of aphids, use chamomile, hot pepper and potato peels in the form of decoctions. There is a special product in stores - Verticillin.

During the period of active flowering of plants (cherries and milkweed), onion flies may appear. When damaged, the bulbs begin to rot and the onion leaves wither. For prevention, distracting materials should be placed between the rows, for example, rags soaked in turpentine, tansy, and wormwood.

The drugs Mikosan and Pentaphage are used against fungal diseases.

For many people, shallots are not much different from onions. But in fact, this is an independent species of the onion family, which is very popular in Western Europe. In Russia you can find such names for this species as “skorozub” or “kushchovka”.

Shallots are a biennial plant, references to which have been known since the 3rd century BC. The main vegetative organ of this plant is the bulb with many daughter buds (buds). They germinate simultaneously, forming a kind of nest consisting of several small heads. One plant can have from several to several dozen heads. For this feature, shallots are also called family shallots.

Shallot close-up

In order to obtain planting material, you do not have to grow sets from seeds. Any head can be used for these purposes. It is noteworthy that one bulb can become the basis for the appearance of several rudiments, the total mass of which averages 200-300 grams, while a single specimen reaches the size of a walnut.

This culture has a delicate and pleasant taste. The same can be said about fleshy feathers, no less popular in cooking than the bulbs themselves.

How are shallots different from onions?

Onions and shallots have many similarities, which is why they are mistakenly considered the same species. These criteria include a fleshy head weighing 15-40 grams, long green feathers suitable for food and a two-year growing season. But in fact, these plants have several differences that explain their classification as different species:

Shallots can tolerate more than low temperatures and matures much faster than its relative;
Shallots grow in nests, and turnips grow singly;
The shallot pulp is more tender and pleasant, and the aroma is not so strong;
Onions are picky about storage conditions during storage, while shallots have excellent keeping quality even at room temperature;
In cross-section, it consists of several zones with rudiments, and the turnip consists of concentric rings.

Shallot bulbs after harvesting

At first glance, it seems that these two species are very similar, but with proper skill they can be easily distinguished.

Popular varieties

is a mid-season variety, the yield of which is 1.5 kilograms per 1 square meter area. The fruit is round in shape with a yellow husk and weighs on average 15-20 grams. Up to 5 bulbs can be formed in one nest. The taste of the resulting harvest is delicate, but at the same time spicy;
- a mid-season variety with a semi-sharp taste, it is grown to produce both greens and bulbs. The shape of the fruit is round-flat, the average weight of one piece is 30 grams. The husk is colored in an unusual brown color with a grayish tint. From 1.5 to 2.4 kilograms of crop are harvested from one square meter;
– the variety got its name for its high resistance to gray rot and bolting. The fruits ripen in medium terms, the growing season lasts 55-70 days. The bulbs, covered with pink scales, can weigh up to 50 grams; there are 5-7 bulbs in one nest. Up to 2.1 kilograms of fruits are harvested from one square meter;
– the fruits ripen in 56-60 days, in one nest there are 6-7 bulbs with bronze husks. Their weight can reach 30 grams. The taste of the fruit is semi-sharp. From one square meter you can harvest up to 2 kilograms of onions.

Timing for planting in open ground

The timing of planting directly depends on the purpose of growing the plant:

If you plant onions to obtain an early harvest of feathers, it is recommended to plant them in late autumn in open ground or early spring in greenhouses;
To obtain full-fledged heads, such work is carried out in mid-April. The most accurate way to determine the planting date is by using the soil temperature; it should be 8-10 degrees.

Landing rules

When choosing a place to plant shallots, you should pay attention to all the individual characteristics of the plant:

there should be a lot on the site sunlight, the presence of shade can contribute to the deterioration of fruiting;
the soil should be light and loose. The use of loamy or sandy loam soil is encouraged;
shallots take root best in those places where potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers or peas grew before them;
the soil should be slightly acidic, otherwise the bulbs will become smaller and the tops will quickly turn yellow.

Before planting onions, you need to prepare the soil. To do this, they dig it up in the fall, adding the following fertilizers:

a bucket of compost or rotted manure;
30 grams of superphosphate;
15-20 grams of potash fertilizers.

Planting material also needs to be prepared. A few days before planting, it is necessary to cut off the neck of the set and soak it in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

To obtain a larger harvest, small bulbs with a diameter of up to 3 centimeters are chosen as sets. Large heads contain more rudiments and are well suited for preparing sets for the next season.

When placing the seedlings in the garden bed, you should follow a reliable scheme:

the distance between the rows should be 30-40 centimeters;
the distance between plants in the same row should be 20-30 centimeters;
if onions are grown to produce sets, the distance between plants is reduced to 8-10 centimeters.

Immediately before planting, the furrows should be watered with plenty of water. The seedlings are buried 2-3 centimeters.

Shallots growing in the garden

Rules of care

In order to get a rich harvest of shallots, you must properly care for the plant and follow all the rules:

This crop does not require frequent watering. IN temperate latitudes the soil can not be moistened at all, but in the southern regions watering can be carried out during months without precipitation;
Onions need timely weeding and loosening of the soil;
In early spring, plantings are fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers, for example, urea;
At the beginning of the growing season, poor soils are fertilized with complex mineral fertilizers.

Planting an onion on the head

In order to get a harvest of larger bulbs, experienced gardeners recommend thinning out the nests a month before harvest, leaving 5-6 of the most developed buds.

Harvest and storage

Harvest occurs at the end of July. Many gardeners argue that such work must be carried out before August 2. The readiness of the plant can be determined by the drooping tops, which show signs of yellowing.

Shallots can be stored in almost any conditions. It can be stored in a dry place at room temperature. It is better to choose boxes with holes or mesh as containers.

Before storing the fruits, they must be dried in the open air for 20-30 days, after which they are disassembled into bulbs and dried leaves are removed.

Diseases and pests

Shallots are susceptible to fungal diseases, which include downy and ordinary powdery mildew, downy mildew, downy mildew, neck rot, etc. Affected plants will begin to wither and it is almost impossible to save them. The only solution is complete removal. The healthy part of the plantings is treated with solutions of Quadris, Mikosan or Pentofag.

To prevent fungal diseases, before planting, the seedlings are soaked for 30 minutes in the “Maxim” preparation.

Pests quite often settle on shallots. The most commonly found insects are:

Onion fly– the plant and the soil around it are treated with wood ash;
Worms– the above-ground part of the plant is watered with a salt solution (1 glass of salt is diluted in 10 liters of water);
Onion nematode– this pest is capable of distorting the bottom of the mother bulb. Affected plants must be removed immediately;
Aphid– these insects settle on onion feathers. You can cope with them using a decoction of pepper, potato peels or chamomile. Their chemicals Verticillin works best.

Shallots are a more tender and sweet analogue of onions. Even a novice gardener can grow such a crop. This is due to the fact that the plant is able to adapt to unfavorable conditions. weather conditions and does not require careful maintenance.

Shallots, which are so similar in appearance to onions, are distinguished from them by their early ripening and the shape of a turnip, divided into segments. The crop is early ripening, respected by summer residents for its juicy greens and bulbs, with good keeping quality. The content of microelements in shallots is an order of magnitude higher than in other onions; it is a dietary vegetable and serves as the basis or addition to various culinary creations.

Shallot plant description

The shallot, or “magpie,” as it is popularly called, is a multi-primed onion with tender and juicy greens. One mother bulb can produce up to 7 daughter bulbs, no more than 6 cm, weighing about 45 grams. Depending on the variety, shallots can produce daughter bulbs even during storage.

The shape of the bulbs is oblong, oval or elongated, round. The head of a shallot looks similar to a garlic head; several small onions grow into the bottom, forming one whole, separate onion.

The color of shallot scales depends primarily on the variety and can be dirty yellow, white, red, brown-orange, purple or pink. The inner lobes have a milky or pink-purple hue.

The height of the green mass of shallots reaches 25 cm, the leaves are tubular, thin, dark green. From one shallot turnip you can get an “impressive” bunch of fresh, spicy greens.

Shallots are suitable for growing in any temperate latitudes, turnips ripen for about two months, and fresh greens can be obtained within three weeks after sowing.

Growing shallots: sowing or planting, on greens or heads

Agricultural technology for shallots will not cause much trouble. Growing shallots is similar to growing onions. The culture needs a well-lit, quiet place with moderate humidity. Shallots respond well to loose, aerated, humus-enriched soils with low acidity. When cultivating onion crops, summer residents recommend strictly observing crop rotation; legumes and melons are considered good predecessors.

The good neighborliness of onions allows them to be planted between rows of other crops, for example, carrots. Both plants enter into mutual symbiosis, scaring away harmful insects from each other.

Shallots can be planted in spring months or before winter, in autumn. Perennial shallots are resistant to freezing and winter well under a layer of snow.

Planting shallots in spring

Shallots are planted in the spring, when the first snow melts.

The site is prepared in advance, in the autumn. The soil is dug up, fertilized with rotted organic matter (2 sq.m. bucket) and nitroammophoska (55 grams per sq.m.) is added. It wouldn’t hurt to add magpies and wood ash before planting. In the spring, before planting, phosphorus and potassium are added to the formed ridges and mixed with the soil.

Before planting, shallots should be soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate or fungicide for about 7 minutes. To get an early harvest of greens, it is recommended to plant sprouted shallots, kept in a warm room with high humidity for two weeks.

The optimal size is a medium onion of 3.5 cm, weighing 35-40 g. Such planting material will produce much more green mass and bulbs than smaller or larger centipede bulbs. Small shallot bulbs produce late harvests of “table and ornamental” greens.

To plant a “square” of plot you will need about 35 medium-sized calibrated onions. Shallots are planted in rows, 25-35 cm between them. Shallots are stuck bottom down into moistened and enriched soil, in increments of 8-9 cm, deepening by 11-13 cm. In the southern regions, you should not deepen shallots deeper than 10 cm, since planting too deep increases the harvest time . After planting, the bulbs are covered with soil mixed with wood ash (3:1) and the beds are watered.

The plantings can be covered with lutrastil or mulch for earlier germination, and to force the greenery 1.5 weeks ahead of schedule, the tops of the pre-sowing material are cut off.

Planting shallots in the fall, before winter

When it is decided to plant shallots before winter, the optimal timing can be considered October or the first days of November ( southern regions), taking into account that rooting must take place before frost.

After planting, the beds are covered with peat or spruce branches for better wintering, and the flooring is removed in early spring. Onions without additional means of protection from the cold can withstand temperatures down to -25 degrees; lower rates can reduce onion yield by three times.

Growing shallots for greens

Shallots grown for greens are superior to onions in that they do not bolt, have delicate greens and early ripeness. It can be stored for a long time without losing its taste and nutritional qualities. Not a large consumption of planting raw materials, if agricultural technology is followed, will yield a green harvest many times higher than the best varieties onions.

Shallots are grown for greens both in open ground and at home, in planting containers.

The early ripening of shallots makes it possible to obtain fresh, tall greens within a month after planting.

For planting, medium-sized shallot bulbs are planted in soil enriched with organic matter and mineral fertilizers; soil temperature is +12 and constant moisture is important. At home, planting can be done at any time by placing containers with seedlings on a sunlit windowsill. In open ground, planting is carried out in the first ten days of spring, when the soil warms up.

After a month, the harvest is pulled out with the bulb, the greens are cut, and the tops of the bulbs are cut off by 1.5 cm, and they are planted again in fertilized, moist soil, and after a month and a half, a new batch of greens is collected.

Growing shallots per head

To grow shallots per head, you should start planting in the fall, and in the summer you will get fresh, juicy onion turnips.

The agricultural technology for growing shallots per head does not differ from the usual autumn planting of onions. Shallots ripen in two months, and in addition to the head, they will also produce a “green feather”; the ratio of harvest to seed is at the level of 200%, which distinguishes this type of onion from the rest. Taste qualities Shallots differ from onions in having a milder taste, and their small size is much more convenient to use for table purposes.

Shallot care

Caring for shallots is not difficult. Agronomic measures include watering, weeding and disease control. If you grow shallots per head, then the seedlings should be thinned out as early as June. Together with the thinning procedure, fertilizing with compost and superphosphate is carried out, and the arrows are broken out.

Watering is carried out frequently up to 4 times a week, but without allowing moisture to stagnate in the areas. Weeding is carried out as necessary and as harmful plants grow. 3-4 weeks before harvest, watering is stopped.

Shallots respond well to fertilizers. You can use both compost and granular mineral fertilizers.

To increase the mass of the bulb, some gardeners recommend digging up and breaking off the smallest daughter bulbs from the nest.

Try to dig out the soil carefully without damaging the bulb.

Shallot varieties

Variety Belozerets. Early ripening shallots, with fruits of a mildly pungent taste, weighing up to 30 grams. Belozerets ripens in two months. Color ranges from pale lilac to dark purple. The yields are high, up to 15 tons per hectare.

Albik. Mid-season shallot with high keeping quality. The moderate pungency of the head and feather makes it a suitable addition to salads and vegetable dishes. The weight of one bulb reaches 28 grams, the variety ripens in one and a half months. The color of the head is yellow. Albik is a high-yielding variety; if agricultural practices are followed, it yields about 20 tons per hectare.

Shallot variety Vitamin. Pungent taste, with early dates maturation. Ideal for both greenhouse growing and open ground, is not afraid of frost, ripens in a month and a half. The vitamin variety is prone to lodging. The mass of the bulbs varies from 20 to 35 grams, they have yellow color, tastes juicy and crispy.

Early cascade. Shallots are two years old, have a sharp taste, bulb weight is up to 36 grams, ovoid in shape, light pink in color. An early-ripening and high-yielding variety produces about 17 tons of onion fruits per hectare and 35.5 tons of green “feather”.

Airat, mid-season high-yielding variety with a sharp taste. The head is small, 16g, and yields 1.7 kg per square meter. The husk is yellow or orange. The bulb produces up to 6 onions. Most often grown for greens.

Guarantee, variety with a mild taste, medium-hot. Planted on greens and on the head. Early Garant is characterized by excellent productivity, up to 25 tons per hectare. The 32 gram bulbs have a brown tint and ripen in two months. Used for table purposes and for preservation.

Sturdy. The variety is resistant to various types of putrefactive lesions. It shoots rarely, has a mild pungent taste and average yield (17 tons per hectare). The color is pale lilac. Suitable for marinating.

Bonnila F 1. Shallots are an annual plant, often grown from seeds for green plumes. You can harvest a good harvest from the plot, considering that you can get up to 1.6 kg per square meter. onion fruits. The bulbs have an average weight of 32 grams and ripen in two months. The nest consists of 4-5, oblong-rounded yellow bulbs. High keeping quality variety.

Kharkovskaya Kushchevka. A variety for universal table use, ripens quickly, yields about 2 kg. fruits per hectare. The bulbs are oblong oval, brown or light purple in color, weighing 28 grams.

Siberian amber. Late ripening variety, medium-sharp taste and weighing 27 g. The bulbous nest forms up to 5-8 onion teeth. The color of the fruit scales is orange. The yield per hectare is about 18 tons. Not afraid of cold weather, resistant to putrefactive diseases. Has a table purpose.

Guran. A perennial variety with a medium-sharp taste and medium ripening time. Bulbs weighing up to 28 grams, scale color brown, gray or light orange. One bulb can produce 6 daughter bulbs, and the yield is up to 2 kg. from the "square".

The semi-sharp taste of the variety, fast ripening time and good yields make Kuban onion a leader in demand. Yellow shallots ripen in two months and produce up to 5 large onions. Productivity varies from 16 to 28 tons per hectare. The color of the bulbs is predominantly yellow, the inside of the fruit is white, the taste is mildly spicy, crispy. The variety stores well.

Shallot Sophocles. Fruitful, sharp, stable. The bulbs are medium and large in size, weighing about 52 g. It matures completely in one and a half months. The bulbs are red and brownish-red in color, with a purple core that has a pungent taste. Up to 7-9 bulbs develop in the nest. It grows well on any soil and produces impressive yields, with minimal costs for agricultural technology.

Shallot Family. Resistant to frost and disease, it ripens early and gains a weight of about 25 grams. Up to 5 medium-sized bulbs develop in the bulb nest. The mild taste of onions fits perfectly into salads and vegetable dishes.

Shallot Sir 7. It has good keeping quality and average yield. Suitable for growing in northern regions countries. It is characterized by early ripening and produces up to 8 bulbs per nest. You can get about 18 tons of onions per hectare.

In addition to the above varieties of shallots, there are red shallots, the Starorussky variety, white shallots, the Royal variety, yellow shallots, the Old Believer variety, purple shallots Sorokozubka, and brown or brown Andreyka shallots. All varieties have excellent taste and can diversify your diet.

Harvesting and storing shallots

Harvesting shallots begins from the moment the upper tier of the plant (leaves) dries out. Ripe bulbs are dug up in August, trying not to disturb the integrity of the fruit.

Before harvesting for storage, the dug crop is dried and the dry tops are cut off. The bulbs are inspected for spoilage, sorted and laid out according to wooden boxes or boxes.

Store shallots in a cool, dark place with low humidity.