Soviet destroyers of project 7. The story of the tragedy of the destroyer "crushing"

Destroyer"Fast" was a good example of the product "Soyuzverf" of the Soviet Union. The destroyer became the eleventh warship of the project number "7" and was put into operation in the Black Sea Fleet.

Story

After the First World War, the participating countries tried to make up for their lost military potential. One of the directions was the Navy, which since the time of Alfred Mahan has been one of the predetermining factors in obtaining global power.

In addition, cruisers and battleships received a special trend. British destroyers type "V" and "W"; Japanese Hatsuharu and Fubuku; American "Porter", "Mahan", "Benson" and "Gridley"; French "Jaguar" and "La Fantask"; Italian "Maestralle"; German "Type 1934" and "Type 1936" - are the main representatives of foreign modern destroyers in the period 1920-1930.

Prerequisites for creation

Soviet Union also did not want to lag behind its European and Asian neighbors. At the beginning of the 1930s in operation Navy There were only 17 Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (12 ships were in the Baltic Sea, the remaining 5 in the Black Sea), left over from the time of the First World War. Moreover, destroyers of the Novik type did not meet the necessary characteristics of that time and could not represent the interests of the Soviet Union of Socialist Republics. As a result, the command Naval Forces The Red Army, together with Soyuzverf and the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR, adopted a resolution on the construction of 50 destroyers of a new type. A new type of destroyers was the project number "7" (or as it is known the type "Angry"). Over time, a modernized version of the destroyer "7U" appeared (or, in another way, the "Watchdog" type).

The Great Patriotic War

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet Navy had 22 Project 7 destroyers. The remaining 25 destroyers, although they were laid down in 1935-1936, for one reason or another, were not put into operation by contractors (shipyards). All destroyers of project number "7" and its upgraded version "7U" were divided into 4 fleets:

1. Baltic Fleet;
2. Black Sea Fleet;
3. Northern Fleet;
4. Pacific Fleet.

However, in connection with strategic tasks, destroyers played a role in the first two fleets.

Baltic Fleet

The structure included one detachment of light forces and one squadron, consisting of destroyers of project numbers "7" and "7U", as well as other ships of various classes. The destroyers Watchtower, Glorious, Stable, Angry, Harsh, Strong were included in this list (upon completion of construction, they were supplemented with new "sevens"). Despite the fact that basically all of these warships were put out of action by the fascist forces, some of them made real progress in achieving the victory of the Red Army.

For example, the destroyer "Glorious" in general was able to overcome 3,700 nautical miles and produce an artillery fuse in the amount of about 2,000 shells from the main and anti-aircraft guns. Another example is the destroyer Stoykiy, which has traveled over 7,500 nautical miles. Moreover, the latter not only delivered strikes (more than 1,500 shells) on enemy units, but successfully used mines (about 300 units), depth charges (about 130 units) and transported more than 1,500 military personnel. "Strong" and "Angry" participated directly in the naval battle against the German ship group and achieved success in it. The destroyer "Severe" also participated in another naval battle in the Gulf of Riga, where, like his brothers "Strong" and "Angry", he achieved success.

Black Sea Fleet

The composition consisted of two divisions, but only one had the destroyers of the project number "7" and "7U". The second division included destroyers Fast, Svobodny, Smart, Smart, Capable (over time, the ranks were supplemented by new destroyers of the project number 7 and 7U). The main task of the fleet was the defense of Odessa and Sevastopol. Moreover, in the following year, the fleet provided support for landing operations in Feodosia.

The legend of the Black Sea Fleet is the destroyer of the project number "7" - "Smart". The latter went through the entire war without receiving a single significant injury and losing only 5 crew members. In general, "Smart" has passed more than 60,000 nautical miles (reaching 218 combat missions). For 4 years, the destroyer fired almost 3,000 artillery salvos, transported about 15,000 military personnel, shot down 5 Nazi bombers and towed more than 50 pieces of naval equipment. Moreover, the warship and all its crew were awarded the "Guards" title for excellent progress in the Feodosia Landing Operation in 1941. As the experts of that time said, the main success of the "Savvy" is the synchronism of the commander of the ship - Captain 1st Rank N. Basisty and the crew of the destroyer subordinate to him - the legend.

Postwar

After the end of the Second World War, most of the destroyers of the project number "7" and "7U" were decommissioned. In their place came new and more modern at that time destroyers of the project number "30 bis". The main reason is the military-technological progress during the Great Patriotic War. The new destroyers were fully automated and equipped with the latest installations like radar, sonar, etc.

The history of the creation of the destroyers of the project number "7"

In connection with the new ambitions of the country, the Command of the Naval Forces of the Red Army needed to update the outdated fleet. The first work on a new type of destroyer began in the late 1920s, but due to financial difficulties, the process stalled. Only in the early 1930s was the Central Design Bureau of Shipbuilding established, which was responsible for the design of new destroyers. The main requirements for the bureau were:

1. The construction of destroyers was supposed to be inexpensive and fast;
2. The new destroyers had to be no worse than their "brothers" from other countries.

Main responsible persons V. Nikitin (project manager) and P. Trakhtenberg (project executor) were awarded for the design. The Central Bureau decided to seek help from the Italian shipyards for help in creating a new type of destroyer. There were two reasons for this:

1. Italian destroyers of the Maestrale type (built by the Ansaldo shipbuilding company) called positive reviews from the Soviet leadership;
2. Friendly relations between the Soviet Union and Italy.

The shipbuilding company "Ansaldo" gladly accepted the proposal of the TsKSB and decided to help our engineers. In connection with this turn of events, the silhouette and design of the hull of the new destroyer was a foregone conclusion. The delegation, which consisted of members of the Soyuzverf and the Command of the Navy of the Red Army, went to Italy. The Ansaldo company provided all the necessary documentation and drawings, and also gave Soviet engineers access to the shipyard.

After three months joint work Soviet-Italian engineers in the fall of the same year, the Main Revolutionary Military Council adopted the model of the new destroyer. According to its features, the project number "7" was supposed to have a displacement of about 1,300 tons, a maximum speed of 40 knots and a maximum cruising range of -1,800 nautical miles. It was planned to equip the destroyer with 4 130 mm artillery guns and 3 76 mm anti-aircraft guns, as well as 2 533 mm torpedo tubes. Moreover, in general terms, it was designed according to the Italian style - the destroyer had a linear main power plant and a single-tube hull.

Selecting the optimal configuration

Due to the incomprehensibility of the desires of the command and the reality of the country's capabilities, the project was revised and redone. Firstly, the level of technology and the lack of the necessary equipment forced the TsKSB to move away from the Italian prototype. Secondly, the desire to build a more powerful, but with a smaller displacement warship - led the engineers to a dead end.

The final sketch of the new ship was approved and signed by the Council of Labor and Defense in 1934. The technical data of the vessel should have looked like this: displacement - from 1430 tons to 1750 tons; length - 112 m; width - 10.2 m; maximum speed- 38 knots; staff - 170 people; armament - 4 artillery guns 130 mm, 2 anti-aircraft guns 76 mm and 2 three-tube torpedo guns. It should be noted important fact- at that time, many of the guns and equipment existed only in the plans of engineers, and the layout of the ships did not have any spare displacement.

Construction and testing

The construction of destroyers of the project number "7" was divided between 4 main and 2 auxiliary shipyards of the country.

The main shipyards were:

• Shipyard No. 189 im. Zhdanov;
• Shipyard No. 190 im. Ordzhonikidze;
• Shipyard No. 198 im. Marty;
• Shipyard No. 200 im. 61 Communards.

Auxiliary shipyards were:

• Shipyard No. 199;
• Shipyard No. 202;

The main task of which was to collect finished parts of the destroyer on the shores of the Pacific Ocean.

Construction began in 1935, and almost all other destroyers were laid down the following year. However, despite the fact that at the beginning of the company everything went according to schedule, over time, construction lost its momentum. The main reasons were the lack of infrastructure and personnel in the country. Subsequently, in 1936, only 6 destroyers of the project number "7" were completed.

However, the turning point in the construction of Soviet destroyers was an incident that happened off the coast of Spain. At the beginning of 1937, the English destroyer Hunter was authorized to peacefully control the actions of the two sides of the Spanish civil war(Republicans and Francoists). In the early spring morning of the same year, Hunter found a mine, which immediately disabled the main power plant of the ship. The incident had a huge impact on the project number "7" because. the warship "Hunter" as well as the "seven" had a linear power plant. Despite the fact that by European standards the Hunter was recognized as a fairly tenacious combat ship, the Soviet Union decided to change the design of the ship. Responsible designers - V. Brzezinski, P. Trachtenberg and V. Rimsky-Korsakov were exiled to Siberia for negligence. In the end, they decided to make a modification of the ship. The main task was to change the structure of the main power plant. The modified version was the type "7U" (improved project number "7"). "7U" was upgraded within a month by engineer O. Jacob.

The first ship of the project number "7" - "Bodry" was launched in 1938. However, due to the fact that he did not score the planned speed limit, the ship was returned to the shipyard. As a result, the first destroyer to be tested and put into operation was the Wrathful.

destroyer "Angry"

A total of 29 Project 7 destroyers and 18 Project 7U destroyers were built. The remaining 6 buildings, it was decided to divide into modules and use as spare parts. The destroyer "Resolute", commanded by the future Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Soviet Union S. Gorshkov, sank during launching in stormy weather and, therefore, was not taken into service by the navy.

The design of the destroyer “Fast”

The silhouette of the project number "7" was single-pipe, rather long and not quite wide. With a length to width ratio of 11:1 and a high speed, the ship's maneuverability was quite low.

The ship's hull itself was made of low-manganese steel, which affected the ship's survivability. The fact is that low manganese steel is characterized by high hardness on the one hand, but on the other hand it is very easy to crack. Even from the blows received during the mooring of the ship to the port, the destroyers sometimes received cracks. Above-deck structures were made of ordinary steel.

EM Ship

Project number "7" had a linear power plant. To be more precise, the boilers of the ships were in one long compartment in a unilinear order. The main reason for choosing a linear type of power plant was efficiency. However, in the modernized "7U" the power plant was changed. In the latter, the power plant was located in different compartments of the ship, which in turn increased the survivability of the ship.

Armament of the Ship

The destroyer was armed with: the main gun, anti-aircraft weapons, torpedo weapons and anti-submarine weapons.

Main Weapon

Main artillery piece there were 4 guns 130 mm. The guns themselves were produced by the Bolshevik plant. The projectile speed reached 900 m / s, and the range of the projectiles was about 30 km. In general, 150 shells for various purposes with a weight of 33.7 kg were intended for each gun.

Anti-aircraft Armament

As anti-aircraft weapons, the destroyer had two guns of the 34-K class with 76 mm.

Torpedo armament

Two 39-Yu class 3-tube torpedo tubes were part of the destroyer's armament. had a range of 4 km and a speed of 12 m / s.

Anti-Submarine Armament

On board the destroyer of the project number "7" were from 60 to 65 (depending on the class of mines). Standard armament consisted of:

1. 25 depth mines;
2. 10 large mines;
3. 15 units of small min.

Tactical and technical characteristics

The latest destroyer data was as follows:

1. Displacement - from 1500 to 2180 tons;
2. Hull draft - 3.8 m;
3. Travel speed - 38 knots (maximum) and 19 knots (economic);
4. Seaworthiness - 7 points;
5. Autonomy - 10 days;
6. Length - 112 m;
7. Width - 10.2 m.

Project Evaluation

The destroyers "Gnevny" (project number "7") and "Storozhevoy" (project number "7U") are the largest serial combat ship in the history of the Soviet and Russian fleets. Of course, 47 built destroyers were to play a crucial role in the outcome of the Great Patriotic War. However, due to the fact that all destroyers were divided into 4 fleets, the power of such serial shipbuilding was dispersed and could not prove itself.

Another important factor is the increase in Soviet spending on the maritime industry. If in 1935 the country's expenses amounted to 4.6 billion. rubles, then in 1941 this figure was 12.8 billion. rubles.

Despite the large-scale serial construction of destroyers and the increase in spending allocated to the fleet, the Soviet Union was unable to properly use its naval power (by dividing the fleet into parts). Subsequently, the USSR could not become a maritime power in the post-war period.

Scharnhorst> Reaction time is faster, devices are more accurate, an unnecessary circuit element is eliminated in the face of targeting directly on the TA
If I understand correctly, you are talking about central fire control. "An element of the scheme in the person of a gunner directly to the TA" is a local government, if I understand correctly. Did the "sevens" have local fire control, and not central? Did they have a Central Automatic Firing Machine, which was used both to control artillery fire and to control torpedo fire?

Scharnhorst> From the backwardness of the entire TA and turned. They didn’t know how to make power drives, the angle of rotation of the Aubrey device, too.
What does the term "power drives" mean?
Aubrey's device is a spindle input device? There were no spindle input devices on the submarines of the USSR either?
How did you aim the TA - at fixed angles, or at any heading angle in the firing sector? How did you turn the TA - manually or with the help of servos?

Scharnhorst> For our-absolutely had. As well as TA in general. I think it was necessary to remove them altogether to lighten the ships, at least some improvement in seaworthiness and strengthening of the MZA.
As far as I know, the Allies called "escort destroyers" did something similar. But before the war, no one built anything like this.

Poll>> How do you feel about the idea of ​​using chargeable SLTs with variable elevation angle to fire depth charges?
Scharnhorst> Of course, I will react negatively. Have you tried to estimate how much the weight of such a "torpedo tube" will increase?
Of course, I understand that now is not the time in WWII, but for example, a stationary launcher and a rising launcher now do not even differ in index:

In principle, this task does not require vertical guidance, as you yourself said earlier - it is enough to have a system capable of raising the launcher to a fixed angle.

Poll>> Whereas, in your opinion, did BB-1 meet the global level at the time of its appearance?
Scharnhorst> Apparently-yes, consistent.
OK thanks. Then I'll wait for information from Cap on it.

Scharnhorst> Absolutely unrealistic. This is a completely new AU, which was impossible to create in our country during the war in principle - developments for the fleet were carried out according to the residual principle. It is no coincidence that the first universal 130-mm gun appeared only on ships of projects 41 and 56, in the mid-50s.
Then please comment on this passage:

In November 1929, a draft design was presented with a gun barrel length of 45 calibers. ...

The project provided for: cartridge case loading, a horizontal wedge gate with semi-automatic operation similar to the 180-mm B-1-K gun, a throw-type hydropneumatic rammer (similar in design to the B-7) and manual loading of the charge in the cartridge case. In general, the project was approved, but on January 23, 1930, the UVMS decided to make a number of changes to it: increase the rate of fire from 12 rounds per minute to 14, replacing manual guidance drives with electric ones, with Jenny clutches, etc.

The finalization of the project, drawings and production of a prototype, the plant was to be completed by the beginning of March 1932.

But the history of 1912 was repeated: again the command of the fleet was chasing cheapness. As a result, the designers were forced to successively replace the cartridge case loading with a cartridge case, the semi-automatic wedge breech with the Vickers piston system, electric guidance drives with manual ones, etc.
_________________________________________________________
That is, was it technically possible to get a universal weapon for WWII?

They were developed by the Central Design Bureau for Special Shipbuilding TsKBS-1 under the program "naval shipbuilding for 1933-1938", adopted on July 11, 1933 by the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR. V.A. Nikitin was appointed the main head of the project, and P.O. Trakhtenberg was appointed the responsible executor. The project was based on the theoretical drawings of the Italian company "Ansaldo" brought by V.A. Nikitin from Italy, in addition, the model was run in an experimental pool in Rome. Our designers borrowed both the layout of the machine-boiler plant and the general architecture of the ship, however, domestic weapons, mechanisms and equipment forced us to move away from the prototype in many respects. The ships were intended for delivering torpedo strikes against large enemy ships on remote sea lanes, repelling mine attacks, guarding their large ships and convoys during the transition in the far and near sea zone, as well as laying minefields.

The hull of the ship is riveted, with limited use of welding, from sheet low-manganese steel, which had increased strength but at the same time more fragile. The ship had a forecastle, an upper deck, bow and stern platforms, and a second bottom. Throughout the engine and boiler rooms, a longitudinal hull framing system was used, and a transverse framing system was used at the extremities. Spacing along the entire length of the hull was 510 mm. In the bow and stern of the engine and boiler rooms there was a living deck covered with linoleum. The main watertight bulkheads reached the upper deck and were 3-4 mm thick. The leader did not have armor protection for the sides and deck, the thickness of the skin sheets was 5-9 mm, and in the area of ​​​​engine and boiler rooms 10 mm. The bow and stern bridges were equipped with ship control devices, as well as a command and rangefinder post (KDP-4) was located on the bow bridge, and a DM-3 rangefinder on the stern. Under the bow bridge was a two-tier bow superstructure. In the lower tier of the bow superstructure there were cabins for the senior command staff (commander and commissar of the ship, command of the formation), a headquarters cabin, a long-distance radio room, a hydroacoustic post, and a modular one. In the upper tier there was a GKP, a running and navigational cabin, a short-range communication cabin, and a cipher post. Under the aft bridge was a single-tier aft superstructure. In the aft superstructure, there was a cabin on duty and sanitary facilities for junior command personnel and teams. From the forecastle and behind the chimney there was a chimney casing, an energy and survivability post (PEZH) and rosters for rescue equipment. Above the bulkhead separating 1 and 2 MO, on the upper deck, there was another superstructure with a galley, a dishwasher and a diesel generator room. The officers' quarters were located in the bow, and the sailors lived in cockpits in the bow and stern. The ammunition cellars were equipped with irrigation and flooding systems. Both systems were connected to the fire main. The spar was represented by two masts. The silhouette of the destroyer had sharp contours in the bow and one sloping, oval chimney.

1. Feed water tank, artillery cellar No. 1, crew quarters No. 2, officers' cabins (frame 33-44);
2. Fuel tank, artillery cellars No. 2 and No. 3, crew quarters No. 3, officers' cabins (frames 44-61);
3. Boiler room No. 1 (frame 61-78);
4. Boiler compartment No. 2 (frame 78-94);
5. Boiler room No. 3 (frame 94-109);
6. Engine room No. 1 (frame 109-133);
7. Auxiliary boiler compartment (frame 133-138);
8. Engine room No. 2 (frame 138-159);
9. Tiller compartment and chemical cabin (frame 205-220);

The anchor device included two electric capstans, two Hall anchors and one aft stop anchor. The mass of the dead anchor is 1 t, the length of the anchor chains is 184 m. The mass of the stop anchor is 350 kg, the speed of the anchor chain is 0.2 m/s.

The steering device had an electric drive and one semi-balanced steering wheel located in the diametrical plane. Management was carried out from the main and spare navigation bridges and from the chart house. Emergency control was carried out manually from the tiller compartment.

Drainage means were represented by 13 water-jet ejectors with water supply from 10 to 100 t/h and 2 portable ejectors with water supply of 20 t/h.

Rescue equipment included 1 powerboat, 3 six-oared yawls, life buoys and individual life belts.

The power plant is mechanical, two-shaft, with two three-case turbo-gear turbines of the Kharkov Turbine Plant model GTZA-24 with a capacity of 25,250 hp each. With. each, located one in the forward engine room and one in the aft MO. The turbines transmitted rotation through the side shafts to two three-blade fixed-pitch propellers (FS). The steam for the turbines was produced by three triangular-type water-tube boilers with oil heating and with a symmetrical arrangement of superheaters located in the boiler rooms. The steam capacity of boilers No. 2 and No. 3 was 98.5 t / h each, and the front one - 83 t / h, since it had 7 nozzles instead of 9 due to the narrowing of the body, and the heating surface reached 1077 m2, instead of 1264 m2 for the last two. The control of the main engines was carried out manually with the help of speaking pipes and a machine telegraph. To store fuel oil, not only fuel tanks were used, but also double-bottom space, which increased the fuel supply to 500 tons. The ship's full speed was 38 knots. The actual cruising range at an economic speed of 19 knots was 2,500 miles.

The 115 V direct current electric power system was powered by three PST 30/14 dynamos with a power of 50 kW each and one standby diesel generator PN-2F with a power of 30 kW with distribution stations.

The armament of the ships consisted of:

1. Of 2 single-barreled 76-mm anti-aircraft guns 34-K with a barrel length of 55 calibers, located side by side on the rosters behind the main mast. The gun in the deck installation had a shield made of bulletproof armor 13 mm thick. The rate of fire of the installation was 15 shots / min. The vertical guidance angle is from -5° to +85°, and the horizontal firing angles of both installations are from 20° to 180° on both sides. The initial velocity of the projectile is 800 m / s, the firing range is up to 14.6 km, and the reach in height is 9 km. Ammunition according to the norm was 350 shots per gun, 846 shots were taken into overload (according to the capacity of the cellars). The mass of the gun was 4.872 tons.
2. Of 2 single-barreled 45-mm universal semi-automatic 21-K with a barrel length of 46 calibers, located on the side at the forecastle cut and providing shelling of air targets from forward heading angles. These installations did not have anti-fragmentation shields and mechanical pickup drives. The calculation of the gun consisted of 3 people. The semi-automatic fire rate was 25 rounds / min. Elevation angle from -10° to +85°. The initial velocity of the projectile is 740 m / s, the firing range is up to 9.2 km, and the reach in height is 6 km. The mass of the gun reached 507 kg.
3. Of 2 single-barreled 12.7-mm machine guns DK-32, located side by side on the command bridge. The fire mode is only automatic, built on the gas exhaust principle. The rate of fire was 125 rounds / min. followed by a break to cool the barrel. Sighting range reached 3 km, and the ceiling up to 2 km. The machine guns are fed by belt, in the tape there are 50 rounds. The calculation of the machine gun included 2 people. The machine guns had a muzzle brake, a recoil absorber on the machine, a shoulder rest and a manual control system with optical sight. Installation weight - no data.
4. Of 2 triple-tube 533-mm torpedo tubes (TA) 39-Yu, located in the diametrical plane with the ability to conduct salvo firing of torpedoes from the Mina PUTS. TA deck swivel with turning angles from 62.5° to 118° on both sides. Gunpowder torpedo tubes were equipped with a manual drive and a mechanical electric drive for remote aiming. For remote control torpedo firing, the Mina torpedo firing control device was used, which ensured a consistent firing of torpedoes. PUTS "Mina" made it possible to solve the torpedo triangle and produce guidance, both hardware and by ship. The torpedo 53-38 is a combined-cycle, dual-mode torpedo, that is, a range mode of 4 km and 8 km or 4 km and 10 km can be set on the base. The weight of the warhead of the torpedo was 300 kg, while the weight of the torpedo itself was 1.615 tons. The speed of the torpedo reached 44.5 knots (4 km), 34.5 knots (8 km) and 30.5 knots (10 km). The ammunition consisted of 16 torpedoes, 8 of them in the cellar, and the rest in the TA.
5. Of 2 bombers for 16 BB-1 depth charges located at the aft cut of the upper deck. The total weight of a large depth charge was 165 kg, and the weight of TNT was 135 kg with a length of 712 mm and a diameter of 430 mm. The immersion speed reached 2.5 m / s, and the radius of destruction ranged from 8 to 20 meters. The bomb provided the setting of the depth of the explosion from 10 to 210 meters.

The ships were equipped with a Kurs gyrocompass, a Poseidon noise direction finder, 2 sets of DA-1 smoke equipment, a DA-2 aft smoke equipment kit, a Guys-1 radar (on the Gromkom SF), a Guys-1M radar (on " Ryan" Pacific Fleet).

Radar "Guys-1" - the first serial shipborne radar with one antenna (channel), two-coordinate, meter (1.5 meters) wavelength range, made it possible to detect and determine the range and azimuth to air and surface targets. The station operated in circular - 360° and sector - with an azimuth of 18° modes, with an operating radiation frequency of 200 MHz. Antenna - type "wave channel" with the number of revolutions per minute - 3 and the rate of view - 20 seconds. The operator observed the detected targets on the CRT screen, which were displayed as vertical pulsating pulses. The radar had a power consumption of 80 kW with a detection range of surface targets such as a battleship of 15 km, a cruiser of 13 km, a destroyer of 9.26 km, and a minesweeper of 7.4 km. The accuracy of determining the range was 92.6-129.6 meters, and the median error in determining the azimuth was no more than 0.55%.

The ships were built at the plant No. 190 (7) and at the Baltic Shipyard No. 189 (3) in Leningrad, at the Andre Marty plant No. 198 (4 for the Black Sea Fleet / 12 for the Pacific Fleet) and at the plant No. 200 (1 for the Black Sea Fleet / 1 for the Pacific Fleet) in Nikolaev with subsequent assembly of sections at plant No. 199 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (9) and at Dalzavod No. 202 in Vladivostok (9).

In total, destroyers were built from 1938 to 1940 - 28 units.

Project 7U destroyers

The hull of the ship differed from Project 7 in the location of the engine and boiler rooms, as well as the presence of a fourth boiler, which slightly increased the displacement. The bow watertight bulkhead 1 KO was moved 3 spaces forward: from the 61st to the 58th frame. Also, the bow superstructure, along with the KDP-4 and 130-mm guns, was moved to three spacings. The bow superstructure remained bunk with a bow bridge. In the lower tier of the bow superstructure there were cabins for senior command personnel (commander and commissar of the ship, command of the formation), a headquarters cabin, a hydroacoustic post, aggregate, battery and charging batteries. In the upper tier there were GKP, navigation and navigation cabins, a cipher post, a secret communications post and a short-range radio room. The single-tier aft superstructure had a stern bridge. In the aft superstructure, there were sanitary facilities for junior command personnel and teams, a battery room, an aggregate room, a diesel generator room and a long-distance radio room. From the forecastle and behind the first chimney, there was a chimney casing, a galley, a dishwasher and, on top, rostra for boats. Near the second chimney there was another superstructure with a workshop and a chemical post, and on top of the rostra for six-oared yals, there was also a DM-3 rangefinder. The officers' quarters were located in the bow, and the sailors lived in cockpits in the bow and stern. The ammunition cellars were equipped with irrigation and flooding systems. Both systems were connected to the fire main. The spar was represented by two masts. The silhouette of the destroyer had sharp contours in the bow and two sloping, oval chimneys.
The unsinkability of the ship was ensured by dividing the hull with watertight bulkheads into 15 compartments:

1. Forepeak, skipper and paint pantries (0-6 frames);
2. Chain box, provisional pantry, room for a capstan machine (6-18 frames);
3. Fresh water cistern, room for a refrigerator car, crew quarters No. 1, wardroom (frame 18-33);
4. Feed water tank, artillery cellar No. 1, crew quarters No. 2, officers' cabins (frames 33-41);
5. Fuel tank, artillery cellars No. 2 and No. 3, crew quarters No. 3, officers' cabins (frame 41-58);
6. Boiler compartment No. 1 (frame 58-72);
7. Boiler compartment No. 2 (frame 72-86);
8. Engine room No. 1 (frame 86-109);
9. Boiler room No. 3 (frame 109-123);
10. Boiler room No. 4 (frame 123-137);
11. Engine room No. 2 (frame 137-159);
12. Artillery cellars No. 4 and No. 5, MPUAZO premises, posts (159-175 frames);
13. Chemical pantry, artillery cellar No. 6, crew quarters No. 4 (frame 175-186);
14. Artillery cellar No. 7, fuel tank, crew quarters No. 5 (frame 186-205);
15. Rump department. (205-220 frame);

The power plant is mechanical, two-shaft, with two three-case turbo-gear turbines of the Kharkov Turbine Plant model GTZA-24 with a capacity of 25,250 hp each. With. each, located one in the forward engine room and one in the aft MO. The turbines transmitted rotation through the side shafts to two three-blade fixed-pitch propellers (FS). Steam for the turbines was produced by four tent vertical water-tube boilers with oil heating, a side screen and a one-way gas flow, equipped with loop superheaters. The steam capacity of the boilers was 80 t/h, the heating surface of each boiler reached 655 m2, and the pressure was 27.5 kg/cm2 at a temperature of 340°C. The control of the main engines was carried out manually with the help of speaking pipes and a machine telegraph. For the storage of fuel oil, not only fuel tanks were used, but also the double-bottom space. The ship's full speed was 37 knots. The actual cruising range at an economic speed of 19 knots was 2380 miles.

The 115 V direct current electric power system was powered by two PG-3 turbogenerators with a capacity of 100 kW each and two backup diesel generators with a capacity of 50 kW each with distribution stations.

The armament of the ships consisted of:

1. Of the 4 single-barrel 130-mm gun mounts B-13 with a barrel length of 50 calibers, two are located on the tank and two in the stern. Ammunition, amounting to 150 shots per barrel (175 in overload), was located in four artillery cellars. Its supply was carried out by two elevators (one for charges, the other for shells) for each gun; in case of failure, there were tubes for manual feeding, and the loading of the guns was carried out manually. The gun in the deck installation had a shield made of bulletproof armor 13 mm thick. The calculation of the gun included 11 people. The rate of fire of the installation, depending on the elevation angle, was 6-10 shots / min. Elevation angle from -5° to +45°. The initial velocity of the projectile is 870 m / s, the firing range is up to 27.5 km. The mass of the gun with the machine and the shield was 12.8 tons. The artillery fire was controlled by PUAO "Mina", which made it possible to determine the full angles of vertical and horizontal guidance of the guns while constantly monitoring the target. Surveillance of the surface target was carried out using two 4-meter rangefinders located in the bow command and rangefinder post (KDP-4).
2. Of 2 single-barreled 76-mm anti-aircraft guns 34-K with a barrel length of 55 calibers, located side by side on the aft bridge. The gun in the deck installation had a shield made of bulletproof armor 13 mm thick. The rate of fire of the installation was 15 shots / min. The vertical guidance angle is from -5° to +85°, and the horizontal firing angles of both installations are from 20° to 180° on both sides. The initial velocity of the projectile is 800 m / s, the firing range is up to 14.6 km, and the reach in height is 9 km. Ammunition according to the norm was 350 shots per gun, 846 shots were taken into overload (according to the capacity of the cellars). The mass of the gun was 4.872 tons.
3. Of the 3 single-barrel 45-mm universal semi-automatic 21-K with a barrel length of 46 calibers, two are located on the side and one in the diametrical plane on the site behind the first chimney. These installations did not have anti-fragmentation shields and mechanical pickup drives. The calculation of the gun consisted of 3 people. The semi-automatic fire rate was 25 rounds / min. Elevation angle from -10° to +85°. The initial velocity of the projectile is 740 m / s, the firing range is up to 9.2 km, and the reach in height is 6 km. The mass of the gun reached 507 kg.
4. Of the 4 single-barreled 12.7-mm DShK machine guns with a barrel length of 84 caliber, two are located side by side on the command bridge and two are side by side at the forecastle cut. The fire mode is only automatic, built on the gas exhaust principle. The rate of fire was 125 rounds / min. followed by a break to cool the barrel. The effective firing range reached 3.5 km, and the ceiling was up to 2.4 km at an initial bullet speed of 850 m/s. The machine guns are fed by belt, in the tape there are 50 rounds. The calculation of the machine gun included 2 people. The machine guns had a muzzle brake, a recoil absorber on the machine, a shoulder rest and a manual control system with an optical sight. Installation weight - no data.
5. Of 2 triple-tube 533-mm torpedo tubes (TA) 1-N, located in the diametrical plane with the ability to conduct salvo firing of torpedoes from the Mina PUTS. TA deck swivel with turning angles from 45° to 135° on both sides. Combined torpedo tubes with the ability to fire both gunpowder and pneumatic. They were equipped with a manual drive and a mechanical electric drive for remote aiming. For remote control of torpedo firing, the Mina torpedo firing control device was used, which provided a consistent and salvo torpedo firing. PUTS "Mina" made it possible to solve the torpedo triangle and produce guidance, both hardware and by ship. A number of improvements were made to the design of the TA, which doubled the accuracy of its guidance to the target. The torpedo 53-38 is a combined-cycle, dual-mode torpedo, that is, a range mode of 4 km and 8 km or 4 km and 10 km can be set on the base. The weight of the warhead of the torpedo was 300 kg, while the weight of the torpedo itself was 1.615 tons. The speed of the torpedo reached 44.5 knots (4 km), 34.5 knots (8 km) and 30.5 knots (10 km). The ammunition consisted of 16 torpedoes, 8 of them in the cellar, and the rest in the TA.
6. From 65 anchor mines of the 1926 model. A shock-mechanical mine with a spherical-cylindrical body made of galvanized sheet iron had dimensions of 1840x900x1000 mm. The drum with the minrep, located on the body of the mine, had a hydrostatic device that controlled the unwinding of the minrep. After dropping, the mine sank to the bottom without separating from the anchor. After a while, the sugar disconnector worked and she began to float. When the predetermined recess was reached, the hydrostatic device stopped the unwinding of the minrep. The warhead contained 254 kg of explosive, the time to enter the combat position was from 15 to 25 minutes. For laying mines, mine rails were used, which simplified the laying of mines on the go. The greatest depth of the setting was 130 meters, the smallest 18 meters. The deepest mine from the surface is up to 6.1 meters, the smallest is about 1.2 meters. The minimum mine interval reached 41 meters at the highest speed when setting mines at 24 knots and the highest side height of 4.6 meters. The explosion delay when the mine was triggered was 0.05 seconds.
7. Of 2 bombers for 16 BB-1 depth charges located at the aft cut of the upper deck. The total weight of a large depth charge was 165 kg, and the weight of TNT was 135 kg with a length of 712 mm and a diameter of 430 mm. The immersion speed reached 2.5 m / s, and the radius of destruction ranged from 8 to 20 meters. The bomb provided the setting of the depth of the explosion from 10 to 210 meters.

The fire control system of the main caliber "Mina-7" included:

• Artillery fire control device of the main caliber (PUAO) "Mina-7" consisting of:
  • From the central automaton for firing control of the main caliber TsAS-2 (calculating device), which, on the basis of the data received from the rangefinder posts, developed the coordinates, speed and heading angle of the target, while simultaneously giving out the angles of horizontal and vertical aiming of the guns. In addition to controlling the fire of the main caliber, he had a scheme for generating a torpedo aiming angle, that is, he could also be used as a torpedo firing machine.
• Data on the course of your ship was automatically received from the Kurs gyrocompass, unfortunately, in practice, its capabilities were severely limited due to low accuracy.
• Information about the target went to the fire control system from the rangefinders of the KDP-4 command and rangefinder post and the night sights of the central aiming of the VMC-2.

On the ships of the project, a Kurs gyrocompass, a Poseidon noise direction finder, 2 sets of smoke equipment DA-1, aft set of smoke equipment DA-2, smoke bombs MDSH, radar "Guys-1M" (on the "Strict" BF).

A two-rotor gyrocompass of the "Kurs" type with a sensitive element in the form of a floating gyrosphere, the prototype of which was the "New Anschutz" gyrocompass, created in Germany in 1926. The gyrocompass had an attenuation switch that provided a lower ballistic error, the readiness time after launch was 4-6 hours, in addition, manual inputs were required to take into account the velocity correction with each change in speed, as well as with a change in latitude. The disadvantage of the gyrocompass was the lack of an autonomous emergency power source, a tachometer to determine the number of revolutions of the power unit, and non-self-synchronizing receiving peripheral devices, which required systematic monitoring of their consistency with the main compass. The gyrocompass readings were sent to the repeaters. The latter were located in various combat posts and, after turning them on and agreeing with the gyrocompass, showed the course of the ship.

ShPS "Poseidon" was intended for passive detection of targets, by registering and classifying their noise. The station provided target detection "on the foot" according to the structure of the noise signal at a distance of 740 meters to 2.5 km, the bearing accuracy varied within 5-10 °, and the distance to the target could not be determined by the NPS.

Smoke apparatus DA-1 steam-oil (smoke substance - fuel oil), had an exhaust through the chimney at a capacity of 50 kg / min. The height of the curtain was 40 - 60 meters.

Smoke equipment DA-2 was mounted on the stern and was acidic - they used a mixture of C-IV (a solution of sulfurous anhydride in chlorosulfonic acid) as a smoke-forming substance, which was supplied to the nozzles with compressed air and sprayed into the atmosphere.

The marine smoke bomb MDSH, adopted in 1935, was intended for ships that did not have stationary smoke equipment. As a smoke generator in the checker, a solid smoke mixture based on ammonia and anthracene is used. With a length of 487 mm and a mass of 40-45 kg, its operation time is eight minutes, and the smoke screen created reaches 350 meters in length and 17 meters in height.

Radar "Guys-1M" - a shipborne radar with two antennas (channels), two-coordinate, meter (1.43 meters) wave range, made it possible to detect and determine the range and azimuth to air and surface targets and the coastline for ships of the type MO, BO, TFR, TS and destroyers. The station operated in circular - 360° and sector - with an azimuth of 18° modes, with an operating radiation frequency of 209.79 MHz. Two antennas - of the "wave channel" type with a beam opening angle in the horizontal plane of 22 °, the number of revolutions per minute - 3 and the viewing rate - 20 seconds. Radiation and reception could be carried out both on both antennas, working in phase, and on one. The operator observed the detected targets on the CRT screen, which was an oscillographic marker on the LO-709 tube. A "strobe signal" and a system of strict linear scanning of the electron beam were introduced into the CRT. The use of the "electric magnifying glass" scheme made it possible to increase the resolution in distance and at long detection ranges to consider and determine the number and nature of surface targets in more detail. The radar had a power consumption of 80 kW with a detection range of surface targets such as a cruiser - 11 km, a destroyer - up to 8 km, a minesweeper - up to 6.5 km. The weight of the equipment is 174 kg. The accuracy of determining the range was 92.5 meters, and the median error in determining the azimuth was no more than 0.42%.

The ships were built at the plant No. 190 (10) and at the Baltic Shipyard No. 189 (3) in Leningrad and at the plant No. 200 (5 for the Black Sea Fleet) in Nikolaev.

The lead Watchtower entered service with the Baltic Fleet in October 1940.

In total, destroyers were built from 1940 to 1942 - 18 units.

In the Chinese cities of Qingdao and Rushan, old Soviet projects 7 - known to naval historians as the legendary Soviet "sevens", which are now used as museum ships.

destroyers of this type immortalized themselves through participation in the Great Patriotic war. In 1955, four such ships from the Pacific Fleet The USSR were transferred to friendly China. One was later scrapped, and the last - the fourth - the ship was transferred to the city of Dalian as a training ship for the Naval Institute.

On January 14, 1955, the Chinese Naval Forces received the first two Soviet destroyers of Project 7. They were renamed in honor of the Manchurian cities. Destroyers « Zealous" and " Decisive"Received new names:" Jilin" and " Changchun". The next two ships - " Record" and "Sharp" were transferred to China on July 6, 1955 and renamed " Anshan" and " Fushun" respectively. All destroyers of this type were carefully preserved by Chinese sailors and survived safely until the end of the 80s. But soon destroyer « Fushun”was scrapped and was dismantled at a shipyard in Zeng Su province.

All the "Far Eastern" destroyers of project 7 in August 1945 were part of the 1st destroyer division of the light forces detachment and took part in the hostilities against Japan on pacific ocean. In the early 50s, they underwent a major overhaul and modernization with the installation of new radar stations and a three-legged foremast. The destroyers underwent another modernization in China in the period from 1971 to 1974. During the re-equipment, torpedo tubes were dismantled on the ships, and in their place were placed two twin launchers for anti-ship missiles "Hayin-22", which are analogous to Soviet anti-ship missiles of the P-15 type. The obsolete anti-aircraft guns were replaced by four twin 37 mm B-11 artillery mounts.

Of the three Project 7 destroyers that remained, the best preserved destroyer « Zealous", which was withdrawn from the fleet in 1986 and from September 19, 1991 under the name" taiyuan” (tail number 104) is installed in the city of Dalian as a museum ship on the territory of the local naval institute.

Destroyer « Record”after being excluded from the fleet in 1986, it was relocated to Qingdao and since April 24, 1992 has been an exposition of the local naval museum.

Destroyer « Decisive”was bought by the city of Rushan, Shandong province in August 1990 to use it as a ship, but, unfortunately, no work has been carried out on the Changchun ship so far, so the legendary destroyer is gradually aging, turning into a pile of iron.

photos of project 7 destroyers

project 7 destroyers on the march

destroyer "Anshan" in combat campaign

destroyer "Taiyuan" as a museum ship

130 mm gun destroyer "Taiyuan"

They were chosen as the basis for the creation of new Soviet destroyers.

A total of 53 units were laid. Of these, 28 were completed according to the original project. 18 were completed under the 7-U project. 6 were dismantled on the slipway. One (“Resolute”) sank while being towed in a storm after launching (the ship was commanded by the future Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy S. G. Gorshkov) and was not completed.

Development history

Construction history

Armament

Main caliber

Project 7 destroyers have main battery artillery: four 130 mm B-13-I guns with a barrel length of 50 calibers, manufactured by the Bolshevik plant, elevation angles from -5 to +45 °. All types of shells (high-explosive fragmentation, semi-armor-piercing and remote grenades) were of the same weight - 33.5 kg and were fired from a barrel with initial speed 870 m/s for a maximum range of 139 kbt (25.7 km). The ammunition included 150 shots per barrel, in overload (according to the capacity of the cellars) the ship could take up to 185 shots per barrel - that is, up to 740 shells and charges in total. The supply of ammunition was carried out manually, delivery - pneumatic rammer.

Anti-aircraft weapons

Anti-aircraft weapons were: a pair of 76-mm universal installations 34-K, two 45-mm semi-automatic 21-K, two 12.7-mm machine guns DShK. During the war, anti-aircraft weapons were strengthened by replacing 21-K semi-automatic guns with 70-K automatic guns and installing additional 1-3 (depending on the availability of guns) 70-K machine guns, DShK machine guns or Vickers or Colt anti-aircraft machine guns received under Lend-Lease. The destroyer destroyer of the Baltic Fleet "Grozyashchiy" also received an additional 76-mm 34-K gun.

Torpedo armament

Torpedo armament included two 533 mm triple-tube 39-Yu torpedo tubes. The torpedo launch speed was 12 m/s. 533-mm torpedoes 53-38 (53-38U), length 7.4 m, weight 1615 (1725) kg, explosive weight (TNT) 300 (400) kg, range: 4.0 km, 44.5 knots, 8 .0 - 34.5, 10.0 - 30.5. According to the project, the destroyers could carry an additional 6 spare torpedoes in racks, but manually reloading the vehicles in fresh weather turned out to be impossible. The first to understand this command Northern Fleet and in March 1942 ordered spare torpedoes to be withdrawn.

Anti-submarine weapons

On the rails located on the upper deck, the ship could take 60 minutes of KB-3, or 65 minutes of the 1926 model, or 95 minutes of the 1912 model (in overload). Standard set of depth charges - 25 pieces (10 large B-1 and 15 small M-1); later it was brought up to 40 B-1 and 27 M-1. Large bombs were stored directly in the stern bombers; small - 12 in the cellar and 8 in the aft rack on the poop.

Power plant

Two main turbo-gear three-hull units of a mixed active-jet system and three triangular-type water-tube boilers, with a capacity of 48,000 liters. With. at 415 rpm, which rotated two propellers with a diameter of 3.18 m and a pitch of 3.65 m.

Auxiliary devices and systems

Means of detection, navigation and communication

Driving performance: overload, stability, seaworthiness

To increase stability, a part of the "sevens" in 1940-1941 laid solid ballast (82 - 67 tons). The seaworthiness of the "sevens" left much to be desired. Due to the narrowed contours of the bow of the hull, they were heavily buried in the wave; when the sea was 8 points, the speed dropped to 5-8 knots.

External differences

Crew

Service during the Great Patriotic War

Baltic Fleet

By the beginning of the war, the Baltic Fleet had five "sevens" - the destroyers "Wrathful", "Proud", "Threatening", "Sharp-witted" and "Guarding".

The destroyer Gnevny, the lead ship of this series of destroyers, died at the very beginning of the war, on June 23, 1941, when it exploded on a German minefield. The team managed to keep the ship afloat, however, in the conditions of detection of periscopes (which most likely just seemed to observers) and a mine explosion after the "Angry" also the cruiser "Maxim Gorky", the commander of the detachment of ships I. G. Svyatov ordered the destroyer team to be evacuated and the damaged ship to be shot ship.

The destroyer "Proud" in June-August 1941 operated as part of a detachment of light forces of the Baltic Fleet, participated in mine laying, rescue teams from the destroyers "Angry" and "Angry", provided fire support Soviet troops defending Tallinn. On August 28, 1941, during the evacuation of troops and fleet from Tallinn, he received heavy damage from a mine explosion near the side, the next day he was attacked by German aircraft, but reached Kronstadt. On September 29, in Kronstadt, she received additional damage and was transferred to Leningrad, where she was under repair until October 8. In November, the destroyer was among the ships participating in the evacuation of the garrison of the Khanko Peninsula to Leningrad, but on the night of November 13-14, when moving to Khanko, it was blown up by two mines and sank.

In the first months of the war, the destroyer "Grozyashchiy" operated in the Gulf of Riga and in the waters of the Moonsund archipelago. On July 20, during a minelaying in the Irben Strait, he was damaged by a mine explosion next to the side, after which he went to Kronstadt and was under repair until September. In September, he supported the Soviet troops at Oranienbaum with fire, but on September 18 he again got under repair in Kronstadt, and on September 21-23, the ship standing in the dock received several hits of air bombs. In October, the damaged destroyer was transferred to Leningrad, where it was repaired until June 1942. After the repair, the Grozashchiy was mainly engaged in artillery support for the troops defending Leningrad, in January 1944 he supported the Soviet troops with fire during the Krasnoselsko-Ropshinsky offensive operation.

The destroyer "Sharp-witted" also operated in the Gulf of Riga in June-early July, then moved to Tallinn. In the second half of July, repairs were carried out in Leningrad, after which he participated in the defense of Tallinn, the Tallinn crossing and support for those who defended Leningrad Soviet troops. On November 3, the ship made the transition to the Hanko naval base, where it took on board 560 soldiers evacuated from the peninsula, but on the way back the destroyer was blown up by two mines and sank, only 80 crew members and 270 passengers were saved.

The destroyer "Guarding" in July-August operated in the Gulf of Riga together with the destroyer "Grozyashchiy". On August 11, the destroyer escorted the hospital ship Vyacheslav Molotov at the passage to Kronstadt, was able to bring the ship blown up by a mine to its destination in tow. On September 21, the destroyer at Peterhof was attacked by a group of German bombers, received several direct hits and sank in shallow water. In October, part of the equipment and weapons were removed from the sunken ship, but it was not possible to carry out full-fledged lifting work due to the proximity of the front line. Only in July 1944, the ship, which had lain at the bottom for almost three years, was raised and in 1948 returned to the fleet.

Black Sea Fleet

The Black Sea Fleet had six "sevens" - the destroyers "Fast", "Cheerful", "Courageous", "Vigilant", "Flawless" and "Merciless".

"Fast" in the early days of the war was engaged in providing air defense of Sevastopol. On July 1, the destroyer was sent for repairs to Nikolaev, but at the exit from the bay it was blown up by a bottom mine and sank. On July 13, Bystry was raised and docked, but on August 30 the ship was taken out of the dock, and in early September the damaged destroyer was attacked by aircraft and sank again. The bow of the damaged destroyer was already in the fall of 1941 used to repair the same type of "Merciless", and the entire hull was raised only after the war for disposal.

"Bodry" met the beginning of the war in Sevastopol, carried out sentinel service from August to October, participated in the support and supply of the Soviet troops defending Odessa. On October 31, the ship was attacked by aircraft and received serious damage from close explosions, which is why it went into repair for a month and a half. At the end of December, the destroyer, together with the cruisers Krasny Kavkaz and Krasny Krym, the leader Kharkiv and the destroyer Nezamozhnik, delivered reinforcements and ammunition to Sevastopol, and in January 1942 participated in the landing of a tactical assault at Sudak. In February-July 1942, she again went for repairs in Tuapse, in July she was transferred to Poti, but on July 16, the destroyer, which had already completed repairs, was hit by German bombers attacking the port of Poti, received severe damage and was out of order almost until the end of the war - the repair was completed December 31, 1944.

Boiky, like Bodry, in August-October was engaged in supporting troops in Odessa, participated in the landing at Grigorievka, then escorted transports going to Sevastopol, and in early November ensured the evacuation of troops and ammunition from Yalta to Sevastopol. On December 28-30, the destroyer participated in the landing in the port of Feodosia. In January, the ship underwent repairs, after which it participated in the supply of Sevastopol, several raiding operations, including raids on the Romanian and Bulgarian coasts. In 1943, until the ensuing ban in October on the use of destroyers in combat operations without Moscow's sanction, Boyky made several exits to the coast of the Taman Peninsula and the Crimea, shelling the coast and laying mines. Since October, the destroyer went to sea only sporadically (including the wear and tear of mechanisms) and did not take part in hostilities.

"Vigilant" met the beginning of the war in a major overhaul in Sevastopol and did not participate in hostilities until October. In late October - early November, he took part in the evacuation of troops from Donuzlav and from the Tendra Spit to Sevastopol, in February-March he supported the southern flank of the Crimean Front. On April 17, he accompanied the Svanetia ambulance at the crossing from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk, after the death of the transport he saved 143 people. Participated in the delivery of reinforcements to Sevastopol, was one of the last large ships that reached the city (June 25). On July 2, 1942, the destroyer located in Novorossiysk was attacked by German bombers, one of the bombs hit the bow torpedo tube and caused the torpedoes to detonate, from which the ship was literally torn into two parts. The destroyer was not subject to restoration.

"Faultless" at the beginning of the war was engaged in laying minefields, participated in the defense of Odessa, while supporting the landing at Grigorievka, it was seriously damaged by German aircraft. In November, after repairs, he participated in the evacuation of Soviet troops from Yalta and from the Tendrovskaya Spit, the defense of Sevastopol. in January-March 1942, he supported the Soviet landing at Sudak and the southern flank of the Crimean Front. On June 24, the destroyer, together with the leader "Tashkent", delivered reinforcements to Sevastopol and took out the wounded. On June 26, the leader and the destroyer set off on a second voyage, but in the evening of the same day the destroyer was attacked by enemy aircraft and sank with the entire crew and the soldiers on board.

"Merciless" was also engaged in minelaying in the first days of the war, then participated in the defense of Odessa and the landing at Grigorievka, during which he received significant damage and was sent for repairs to Sevastopol. In early November, the ship, which was under repair, was again attacked from the air, because of which the hastily repaired ship was evacuated to Poti, where it was under repair until September 1942. From October 1942 to October 1943, the ship participated in the transportation of troops from Poti and Batumi to Tuapse, escorted transports, made several trips to the Crimean coast and to the coast of Bulgaria. October 6, 1943. "Merciless" together with the leader "Kharkov" and the destroyer "Able" made a raid to Yalta and Feodosia. On the way back, the detachment of ships was subjected to four successive bomber attacks, during the second attack the destroyer was heavily damaged, and finished off during the next attack.

Northern Fleet

Pacific Fleet

Modernization

Post-war service

"Threatening" in 1946 became part of the 4th (South-Baltic) Navy, from December 1948 - as part of the 8th (North-Baltic Navy). In June 1952, the ode was put under overhaul, but already in August of the following year, the repair was discontinued, and the ship was expelled from the Navy and sent for scrap.