Disposal of concrete blocks and sleepers. Disposal and recycling of railway sleepers

The problem of recycling wooden railway sleepers is the most acute for the transport industry. The sleepers removed from the track are subject to disposal at regional industrial waste landfills, however, due to the overcrowding of these landfills, railway departments are often forced to accumulate and store sleepers in places not intended for their storage. Such unauthorized disposal of hazardous waste is often costly to their owners in accordance with legislation. Meanwhile, the utilization of wooden sleepers not only closes life cycle product, but at the same time can become an alternative source of energy and valuable raw materials. Consider the most well-known methods for the disposal of used wooden sleepers today.

Method one: incineration The main method of disposal of wooden sleepers currently used is incineration. Cheap and cheerful, sleepers burn very well - thanks to the same creosote impregnation. Its disadvantages: the end products of direct combustion are ash and ... a huge amount of toxic volatile substances released into the environment! The peripheral part of the sleeper is 80% coal oil, which in turn contains 20.1% phenols, 17.2% phenanthrenes, 16.9% pyrenes, 22% acetone and 12% butanol. These compounds, once in the air, can cause severe poisoning in humans, and in the long term - contribute to the appearance oncological diseases. That is why effective disposal should not be based on simple incineration, but on a deep processing process with an intermediate process of neutralizing creosote.

Method two: use as building material Even in the era of total scarcity, gardeners and rural residents appreciated the possibility of secondary use of sleepers, for whom used wooden products became a free building material. Despite the fact that there are no difficulties in finding building materials in the country for a long time, cases of using ODSH for the construction of outbuildings (baths, chicken coops) and even country houses are still a very common occurrence. Its disadvantages: the use of sleepers impregnated with creosote for the construction of enclosing structures, as well as their burning, is categorically not recommended by experts - daily inhalation of toxic vapors of coal oil will not lead to anything good.

Method three: gasification In fact, gasification is the limiting case of dispersion (turning fuel into a pulverized stream). It is known that dispersion of fuel reduces the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon compounds, while the degree of neutralization increases by about a thousand times compared to conventional combustion. Gasification of fuel is carried out by its decomposition in the absence of oxygen. The gas obtained in the gas generator, containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is burned in a boiler plant on a typical burner. During the gasification process due to long stay toxic substances in the oxidation zone (tens of minutes) with a lack of oxygen and a moderate temperature (about 400 °), complex cyclic compounds are split to obtain gas generator gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. These substances are burned with an excess of oxygen in a boiler or a separate gas generator chamber, and the flue gases contain only water and carbon dioxide. Received thermal energy can be used for heating depots, workshops, station buildings. Its disadvantages: as practice shows, most gas generating installations are not economical enough and have quite low productivity with a relatively high consumption of diesel fuel.

The fourth method of recycling wooden sleepers: processing of sleepers in charcoal The technology of deep processing of expired railway sleepers assumes that at the first stage, creosote compounds are neutralized with the help of chemical reagents, and at the second stage, wood is processed. Its disadvantages: the possibility of recycling sleepers in compliance with environmental standards - with the formation of activated carbon and the release of thermal energy (which can then also be used in the production cycle of the enterprise) seems attractive, but this technology is quite expensive today. So far, its application cannot fundamentally solve the problem of waste disposal.

Method five (most promising to date) : pyrolysis. The method of pyrolysis (thermal decomposition without air access) of used wooden sleepers with coal oil distillation was recently proposed by specialists from one of the enterprises. In their opinion, the use of the pyrolysis method for the disposal of ODSH will not only prevent pollution environment, since the pyrolysis process is carried out in sealed conditions, but it will also allow you to get economic benefit. The use of heat from the combustion of the resulting pyrogases will reduce the energy consumption for the process to a minimum. With the right organization technological process This recycling method will allow not only to cover the energy needs of the pyrolysis process, but also to use the excess heat generated for technical or domestic needs. In addition, the economic efficiency of this recycling method is significantly increased due to the sale of liquid and solid pyrolysis products, which can be used in industry. The results obtained in the course of experimental studies indicate a slight difference in the adsorption activity of charcoal obtained from ODS from the sorption activity of charcoal from birch (on average, lower by 5%), which makes it possible to use it as a sorbent for technical purposes - for adsorption purification in industry. Its disadvantages: so far very little information about practical application this technique. So, the problem of choosing the optimal way to dispose of sleepers largely rests on the lack of sufficient experience in processing these wastes in accordance with environmental requirements, the lack Money and the imperfection of environmental control, allowing the free burning and storage of ODSH. However, the steps taken to explore the ways of recycling wooden sleepers, although not very actively, allow us to hope that over time, ODSH will become another valuable resource.

According to the materials of the magazine "RS Expert".

In the construction of railway tracks used wooden sleepers that needed to be protected from rapid decay. For this, a special antiseptic was used, often creosote was used. This substance is very toxic, because the storage of old sleepers and their storage will cause concentration a large number sources of toxins and poisonous gases, as well as entail the payment of environmental fees.

The process of recycling wooden sleepers impregnated with an antiseptic

Not only old railway sleepers, but also other wood materials treated with antiseptics are subject to waste-free disposal. It is not possible to simply burn the waste, since the smoke emitted during combustion will contain a high concentration of hydrocarbons. The recycling method in cement kilns is used, which proceeds as follows:

all metal parts are separated from the sleepers by magnetic separation;

with the help of special grinders, the sleeper is broken to a certain fraction;

the resulting material is mixed with other substances that help reduce smoke toxicity;

the combustion of this mixture takes place in cement kilns at a much higher temperature than with conventional combustion;

all harmful substances without residue are destroyed by high temperature.

The mixture obtained as a result of combustion also has beneficial features and is used in the production of cement as an additive. Therefore, recycling is waste-free. Sleepers impregnated with antiseptics belong to the third class of waste toxicity, their storage at the landfill will cost the company a round sum of money. Therefore, it is better to order recycling and not pay environmental fees.

We order professional disposal of wooden sleepers

Disposal of railway sleepers is one of the most global problems transport industry. Despite the fact that the main material of the sleepers is wood, they cannot be called safe due to various chemical impregnations (most often it is poisonous creosote). Incorrect disposal given substance can harm not only the environment, but also human health. Our company offers high-quality and inexpensive services for the disposal of sleepers throughout Russia.

Recycling process

The simplest and most popular way to dispose of wooden railway sleepers is incineration. At the same time, due to the harmful substances released from the impregnation, it is still not completely safe. Gasification is more acceptable - the process of converting fuel into a pulverized stream. Another equally popular and absolutely safe method is pyrolysis. To date, this is the most promising way to dispose of railway sleepers, in which there are no emissions into the atmosphere. In addition, pyrolysis is very beneficial for enterprises, since in the future it is possible to use products obtained during processing (fuel, gas, coal).

Sleeper disposal: problems and solutions

The problem of disposal of sleepers impregnated with oil antiseptic is growing every year. Due to the overcrowding of regional landfills, railway departments quite often store sleepers in places not intended for this. This in turn can cause global environmental problems. In addition, such unauthorized burial is prohibited by law. Disposal of used wooden sleepers closes the life cycle of the product, and can also serve as a alternative source energy.

The cost of recycling wooden sleepers

Disposal of impregnated sleepers is more expensive than without a septic tank. This affects the final cost of the service. In general, our company offers a decent level of work on affordable price. The cost of recycling wooden sleepers depends on several factors:

Remoteness of the place of sampling of raw materials;
The chosen disposal method;
Degrees of processing;
The volume of raw materials.

In order to clarify the cost - contact our managers in any way convenient for you. We value every client and will be happy to answer all your questions.

Our advantages

The company "Eco Architecture" has been working in the field of industrial waste disposal for many years and has the appropriate license. We employ experienced, highly qualified specialists who quickly and efficiently perform their work. Today, we are actively developing and successfully implementing numerous waste disposal projects throughout Russia. We guarantee our clients flexible pricing and individual solutions to their tasks.

The company "Eco Architecture" is equipped with modern, imported equipment for recycling hazardous waste and has its own car park. That is why, if you are looking for a plant for the disposal of railway sleepers - do not waste time, call us right now. We care about the environment and strive to improve environmental situation in the country.

Railroad sleeper recycling is actual problem for our country. Great amount old railway supports cannot simply be stored in landfills. Each type of sleeper requires certain methods of their disposal and recycling.

Important! The issue of disposal of railway supports is acute today in Russia. Used sleepers need to be buried like industrial waste at specialized landfills. However, the space allotted for this is already overcrowded. Wooden supports impregnated with creosote, acetone and other antiseptics have to be stored in the wrong places, which, of course, causes damage to all living things. Also for this reason, environmental services issue fines to enterprises that own railway sleepers. Therefore, it is important to resort to methods of disposal and recycling. different types railway supports, problem solving their excessive accumulation and being an alternative way to produce energy and recyclables. Disposal and recycling of worn supports are carried out by special enterprises in compliance with safety regulations.

Disposal of wooden sleepers impregnated with an antiseptic

All wooden supports are impregnated with antiseptics, which are toxins. Therefore, they are classified as hazard class 3 waste. Disposal of wooden sleepers is carried out in several ways:

Burning. Is the most common method. The destruction of sleepers impregnated with creosote and other antiseptics by burning is not safe for the environment due to the release of a mixture of phenols, acetone and other toxins during the combustion of such supports.
The use of railway supports as a building material. The method is not safe for human health.
Gasification. Allows you to significantly increase the level of neutralization of wooden supports.
Pyrolysis. Held at high temperatures without access to oxygen. This method requires the creation of sealed conditions, which dramatically reduces the level of harmful emissions into the environment.
Recycling.

Disposal of concrete sleepers

Recycling of reinforced concrete sleepers mainly consists in their processing. Its essence lies in the division of concrete products into fractions: crushed stone and metal reinforcement. These obtained materials can already be used as recyclable materials. So, for example, a metal fraction is remelted, and crushed stone is used as a building material.

Disposal of steel sleepers

The use of steel poles in our country is an extremely rare phenomenon. main reason which they must be sent for disposal is the appearance of a large amount of rust on them. Sometimes such supports are used as temporary tracks for railway lines of factories. The main way to eliminate this kind of waste is to use it as scrap metal.

Recycling sleepers - a second life!

Interesting to know! Recycling sleepers made of reinforced concrete and steel consists mainly in their processing, as already mentioned above. Is it possible to “give a second life” to wooden railway supports?! Yes, you can. For example, it is possible to convert sleepers into charcoal. This process is quite complicated, it requires a special technology, which involves the following mandatory steps:

through chemical reactions with specially selected reagents, the hazardous compounds that make up creosote are neutralized;
the neutralized tree is sent for subsequent processing as a recyclable material - wood.

From processed wood, charcoal is obtained by pyrolysis, which has wide application(antiseptic, water absorber, organic fertilizer component). However, unfortunately, this method of processing wooden supports in Russia is not very common due to the high cost of the technology itself.

There is also another safe way processing of wooden poles to obtain an additive to cement. This process also takes place in several stages:

first, all metal parts are removed from the supports; for this, magnetic separation is used;
then the wooden product is crushed to the desired fraction;
crushed impregnated wood is combined with compounds that further reduce smoke toxicity;
this mixture is burned at elevated temperatures in a cement kiln, while all hazardous compounds are destroyed.

This technology of processing wooden beams used in construction railways, allows you to get a useful additive - a mixture after combustion, which is used in cement production.

The dumping of railway sleepers (especially wood sleepers) in landfills is another major cause of environmental pollution. Therefore, today it is important to resort to reasonable ways to dispose of each type of support. And it is even better to recycle them to obtain other necessary materials.

How the disposal and processing of wooden sleepers takes place at one of the modern enterprises in Russia is described in the following short video: