Which planet in the solar system is the largest and which is the smallest? The largest planet in the solar system is Jupiter. It has a diameter of 142,984 kilometers (11.21 Earth diameters) and a mass of 1,898.8 sextillion tons (317.83 Earth masses). Everything could fit inside Jupiter

The article will answer questions regarding amphibian toads, tell Interesting Facts about them, about where large toads live on Earth, why toads reach sizes up to 55 cm in length and 25 cm in width, and also what types of toads are the largest. If you want to know what is the biggest toad in the world, then let's go!

About toads

Toads are amphibians that belong to the class of tailless amphibians. In nature, there are 650 species of toads, and despite their characteristic - "amphibians", toads live in reservoirs, steppes, earthen burrows. The settlement area is large, since amphibians can easily do without liquid for up to 6 months.

Toads are the same frogs, but these relatives have differences:

• The sizes of toads exceed the sizes of frogs by 10-15 cm;
• The skin covering of frogs is smooth, moistened, while in toads, on the contrary, the skin covering is dry and with tubercles.

• The method of reproduction of some frogs and toads is very different, as is the type of caviar. In toads, eggs are laid in the form of long strings, and in frogs, in the form of slimy lumps. The first amphibians are less prolific and less common in nature.
• Frogs have long legs, thanks to the length of their legs (8 cm), the frogs jump a distance of 20 cm in one jump. Due to the range of their jumps, frogs move quickly and tire slowly. In toads, on the contrary, due to the dense body structure and short jumping legs, movement from place to place takes at least 2 minutes. Movement is given to toads with difficulty and fatigue comes quickly. Toads are tied to the place of deployment.

• Toads have large parotid shells; frogs have no pronounced parotid shells.
• Toads hatching from eggs are tailless, and frogs at the fry stage are distinguished by the presence of a tail. which changes into a vertebra 14-20 days after the birth of the frog. Frogs have a tail - a means of reserve nutrients, which are involved in the amphibian growth process. In toads, the supply of nutrition in the body is provided by the fatty layer and fiber.

Among other factors, dimensions are interesting. If reproduction, coverage, structure do not vary in large values, then here are the sizes on the contrary.

On average, toads reach 15-20 cm in length and 10 cm in width, but among them there are fry and giants.

Where are giant toads found?

The fact that the range of settlement of toads is huge has already been discussed. But I think it is interesting for every person to learn that there are natural and artificial places for the settlement of large toads.

Large toads - 15-35 cm - live in tropical forests, taiga swamps, etc. Artificially created areas for the resettlement of toads are: Australia, China and others warm countries.

The distribution zones are large, but the probability of finding, for example, the toad Aga, in the proposed areas of its distribution is small. It is possible to find one individual that will be difficult to catch, but it is impossible to stumble upon a group of toads, because toads come together only during the mating season of spawning.

Nutritional preferences of giant toads

Toads, somewhat cute creatures, but mostly not friendly, are typical predators. You can safely take as the basis of nutrition: butterflies, caterpillars, fish fry, rodents, small toads like themselves, or frogs, lizards.

Toads hunt at night, due to infrared vision and developed receptors, they seek out prey, hide or disguise themselves as plants, and then quickly attack and swallow the prey.

Behavioral features

• In Ag, for example, as in green toads, only the father (male toad) is interested in the appearance of offspring and caring for them. To keep the "children" in proper condition before birth and after, the toad sits in an earthen burrow. In the ground at a depth of up to 1 meter, just the necessary conditions for the maturation of eggs are dark, damp, warm. The male, having wound ribbons of future tadpoles around his hind legs, is waiting for hatching.

• Toads, small and large, will not give a person any diseases in contact with their cover.
• Large toads are helpers in the garden: they quickly exterminate slugs, mosquitoes, small snakes and other annoying pests.

• Toads secrete mucus, which contains painkillers and antiseptic components. If the toad is grown at home, then there is probably a strong attachment to the one who raised and fed it. The domestic toad will let relatives and friends of the person know that something is wrong with him, and also gives signs to the owner that he is sick. The toad does this by making sounds, rolling and demonstrating the refusal of food.

According to the BBC, giant toads are found in the toad genus Bufo marinus, otherwise cane toads. Location - tropical forests. In the tropics, the temperature reaches 40°C during the day and 15-20°C at night. Thermal resonance is an aid to the ideal circulatory regulation of toads, heat exchange, life and growth.

The sizes of such toads vary from 15 to 25 cm in length, and the toads weigh up to 2 kg, sometimes more.

Among such large toads, there was a record holder, who was accordingly nicknamed - the Prince. For 2017, the toad is not alive, so now the Prince is a museum exhibit that is being shown to biologists.

The weight of the Prince reached 3 kg, and the length was 54 cm. It is intriguing that the "copy" did not grow in natural, but artificially created by man conditions. The Prince belonged to the Swedish botanist Haken Forsberg.

Noteat: toads growing and living not in vivo, reach a length of 4-17 cm, while females are 2-7 cm larger than males in length and width. Male Prince became an exception to the rule.

As for physical and external characteristics, toads, unlike the rest, have long jumping legs and move quickly. And also their color is surprising in that it looks like a turtle - spotted.

Aga individuals are dangerous to humans, so it is better to avoid meeting with them. The danger is expressed in the fact that stressful situation the toad begins to secrete a persistent secret from the parotid glands. The secret contains bufotoxin, which negatively affects the functioning of the liver, heart and brain. With an "unfortunate meeting" with a toad, a person will experience convulsions, as well as ischemic attacks. Toads squirt the toxin within a radius of 20-30 cm. They can use poison in large and moderate amounts, they are used more often for protection than for catching the victim in “their networks”.

Agi live up to 12 years or more. They love darkness, heat and humidity, lead nightlife. If it is not so easy to recognize a species by color, then the eyes will serve as an assistant, because the pupils of Ag are elongated, resemble a rectangle and are located horizontally.

If in the first place are toads, which reach an average of 20 to 30 cm in length, but among them there are rare winners with large parameters, then Blomberg's toads almost all have sufficient body volumes, weight and length.

Since 2007, this species has been recognized as endangered, however, earlier in the 18th century, when they were not actively exterminated, Blomberg individuals were the largest amphibians. The constant size was 25 cm, sometimes more. The toads were remarkable not only for their size, but also for their color - red in the dorsal region and green on the abdomen. This species stood out from the rest in that it does not have roughness and peeling from dryness on the skin. You can meet the toad to this day in the central states of America.

3. Green and brown toads

In third place are toads from the type of Green, Brown. The habitat of such amphibians is reduced to the center of Europe, the south of Russia. Inhabits ponds, swamps, peat deposits and silt streams. The toad reaches no more than 20 cm in length, but 15 cm in width.

The toad has an amazing color: on the abdomen and back, the color is either grassy with white stripes, or burgundy without inclusions. The skin, like that of other typical toads, is bumpy and dry. An individual of Zelenka is often found, since the toad is common throughout the globe due to their hardiness and increased resilience. The species is not dangerous, it is easily bred at home, it feeds on mosquitoes, ant larvae, spiders and spider eggs.

It is noteworthy that these toads lay their eggs in autumn, and not in summer, as they hibernate during the hot season. They do not tolerate excessive heat, they like cold and dampness. Absolutely not dangerous to humans.

Summarize

Large toads are bred for pest control, Agi serve as excellent chemical test subjects (they are used to study the poison of bufotoxin) and to scare away snakes, crocodiles, water rats.

Toads have mucus that serves as an excellent disinfectant that soothes redness, heals abrasions and wounds.

Also known by the names Rhaebo blombergi(previously Bufo blombergi) and Colombian giant toad(Colombian giant toad). It is the representatives of this species that are considered the largest among the toads.

Rolf Blomberg, a Swedish explorer, writer and photographer, discovered an unknown species of giant toad in southwestern Colombia in 1950 near the town of El Madrigal. He took one specimen with him and a year later this species was named " Bufo blombergi” – in honor of the researcher. The fact that this species can reach a length of 25 - 30 cm makes its representatives the largest toads in the world, thus relegating the former leader, the cane toad, to second place (we will talk about it below).

In these photos, Rolf Blomberg and the first photos of the toad he found (1950)

The Colombian giant toad weighs 1.5 kg and can be brown to red in color with dark and light spots on the body. Paws and belly are dark with a bluish tint. In the tubercles of the body, males have the smallest spines, but females are larger than most of their partners.

pay attention to distinctive features of this kind. There are many photos on the Internet in which Blomberg's toad is not at all. Firstly, the surface of the skin is smooth, not quite typical for toads. Secondly, a certain dividing line separating the color of the upper body from the lower. The lower part of the body is usually darker than the upper. And finally, those lips. Due to white blotches, the lip line clearly stands out on general background heads. This is clearly seen, both in old black and white photos, and in modern color ones.

This is a very rare species of toad and it is not easy to find it in its natural habitat. In addition to Colombia, the toad lives in the tropical forests of Esmeraldas, north of Ecuador at an altitude between 200 and 550 m above sea level. In addition, Colombian giant toads are endangered due to the loss of natural environments of their habitat, which include tropical wet areas.

We also invite you to listen to how this toad sounds.

Toad Aha

This toad has always competed with Blomberg's toad for the right to be called the largest toad in the world. And until recently, it was considered so.

Scientific name: Rhinella Marina(previously Bufo marinus).

Popular names: Aga or toad-aga (Russian), cane toad, giant toad, sea ​​toad, South American cane toad. The name "cane toad" is due to the fact that these toads were used to control insects on sugar cane plantations. "Giant toad" - because of its size. And the "sea toad", then, that often these amphibians can be found in brackish estuaries.

It is a huge warty toad ranging in size from 10 to 24 cm (from the muzzle to the anus). The weight of females can reach 1.5 kg. When these toads sit on the road, they are easily confused with ordinary boulders. AT wild nature live 10 - 15 years, and in captivity their life span is significantly increased. There is information about a specimen that lived 35 years.

Cane toads are indigenous to the northern part South America and southern part North America(Mexico, south Texas). But in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before the invention of pesticides, these toads were specially imported to many countries (especially the Pacific region) to control agricultural pests. They were brought to Australia, Florida, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Japan, the Caribbean, Fiji, Hawaii. The idea did not justify itself, so instead of insects, the toads switched to other sources of food. They successfully took root, multiplied and now almost everywhere they themselves are pests. And the thing is that local animals do not have immunity against the poison of these toads. Diseases do not take them either. Therefore, their population grows uncontrollably, threatening biodiversity life in these countries.

The toad, which is found in Florida, has settled in the area of ​​​​urban and agricultural land. It breeds in ditches and shallow pools, and at night crawls closer to the fires of houses, around which insects swarm. But they also do not disdain local frogs, other toads, eat small snakes and mice, as well as other types of food, up to dog and cat food.

A distinctive feature of giant toads is the presence of enlarged poisonous parotid glands. These glands protrude slightly to the sides and secrete extremely toxic substances. This toxin can poison and even kill an animal that tries to bite a toad. It is also interesting that they are able to shoot poison over long distances in the form of a thick, whitish substance. When a person or animal comes into contact with this substance, temporary blindness, paralysis and consequent death can result.

Well, and finally about known science the largest toad in the world, which came under the account. This is a toad-aga named "Prince". According to studies conducted in March 1991, the weight of this male, owned by Haken Forsberg from Akers-Stiekebrook (Sweden), was 2.65 kg, and the length was 38 cm, if counted from the tip of the muzzle to the anus, or 54 cm, if in full length.

fighting frogs, Who are they? should we expect a revival of games Battletoads? - about this, as well as many other things, we decided to tell in this article. I would like to immediately note that the information was collected on the basis of personal observation, Wikipedia and other Internet resources.

Warlike frogs burst into the world of the gaming industry back in 1991. The creator of this idea was the company Rare Ltd, which decided to compete with video games about Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Of course, fighting toads there were only three, and the history of the development of turtle games started much earlier - on May 12, 1989. However, animated series, films and games did not interfere at all fighting toads jump to the Olympus in the world of the gaming industry and already in 1992 the first game Battletoads ported to Amiga and Sega Mega Drive, and in 1993 the project appeared for Genesis and Sega Game Gear. Amiga CD32 - 1994.

The game Battletoads conquered the players with incredible graphics, cool characters and the complexity of the passage, which forced inexperienced users to wipe their fingers until they bleed and tear their hair out.

It is necessary to jump ahead a little and tell the story of the emergence fighting frogs. main characters Rash, Zitz and Pimple were born into the light of day as a result of one elixir, it was obtained from the very first toads, alas, they died, but their power was preserved in a special vessel that was used on students. This story is told in a two-part animated series. Battletoads, but we will talk about it a little later.

	Rash (Rash)- green toad. She wears sunglasses (they are not visible in the game). Among her brothers, she is the most cheerful. A special difference is that it is the smallest. Quote from Rash: I "m the crazy one, and I" m super cool, my smash hits will leave "em cold!
	Zitz- a dark green toad. Wears gloves (in game Battletoads your expectations will be destroyed again by imagining her without gloves). A very smart and intellectually developed frog, likes to act cautiously. Quote from Zitz: I "m the smartest thing on webbed feet. I can think as well as fight!
	Pimple- brown toad. The largest and most powerful among the whole trinity. Always rely on brute force. In the first part Battletoads plays the role of a prisoner of the Dark Queen, therefore is a non-playable character. Quote from Pimple: I may not be smart, but when brain power fails, brute force prevails!

Assistants and minor characters battletoad games.

	T-Bird (T-Bird)- a large vulture mutant. It is he who coordinates all the missions of the protagonists, and it is thanks to him that ordinary schoolchildren have turned into fighting frogs.
	Princess Angelica- a charming girl who hides from the wrath of the Dark Queen, traveling through the galaxy. In Game Battletoads was captured along with Pimple.

Bosses in the game Battletoads.

	Robo-Manus- a cyborg who faithfully serves his mistress. Quote from Robo-Manus: BZZT, You fleshzy foolz will beg formercy fzzt, when I"m through with you!
	General Slaughter- a mutant bull, controls the troops of the Queen. Quote from General Slaughter: i"m gonna ram yer froggin" hides so fulla holes, i"ll be able to use ya as sieves!
	Big Blag (Big Blag)- a rat that received incredible power from radioactive waste. Quote from Big Blag: I"ll be chompin" n" stompin" if ya dare step inside the colossus!
	Dark Queen- the last leader and the cause of all evil. In the game she is very big size, releases vortices. Quote from Dark Queen: I "ll soon rule your precious earthBattle-jerks! Ha-ha-ha-ha!

Events unfold on alien planet Ragnarok. It was there that the Dark Queen took refuge, kidnapping the brave hero Pimple and Princess Angelica. Rash and Zitz immediately went to rescue their brother. On their way there will be many obstacles, enemies and merciless monsters.

The gameplay is presented in two-dimensional mode, where the hero needs to beat everything and everyone who meets on his way. The second aspect is to overcome various obstacles. Of particular note is the incredible complexity and variety of levels. It is necessary to get used to each of them gradually, studying the necessary style. There are tests that, if they fail, take the entire life bar, although it is very rare to find such a coveted health replenishment in the game.

The main weapons of mutant frogs are their arms and legs, with which they mercilessly and destructively beat their enemies. There are so-called super attacks that cause more serious damage, but you need to carry out certain combinations on the joystick. Paws easily turn into sledgehammers and weights - this is one of the incredible abilities fighting frogs.

This section briefly describes all the missions. Here you will find out what awaits you in each of the levels.

	Ragnarok's Canyon is a regular level where you need to beat up enemies. In it you will learn the basics of the gameplay. A nice bonus is the ability to ride a dragon. Level boss: Huge robot.

	Wookie Hole - after passing the test main character descends into a large hole on a rope. There are a lot of black crows that will try to throw you down. Of course, after that you will descend much faster, but if you survive, definitely not. There are a lot of enemies, but if you get the hang of super strikes and special tricks, you can score a lot of points and lives very quickly.

	Turbo Tunnel - initially resembles the very first level, where you need to kill mutants and jump over pits. In the second part, the fighting frog gets on the bike. This part is very exciting, but at the same time very dangerous, because the obstacles on it can very quickly take away your hearts, which have been accumulated by hard work. You just need to study the track.

	Arctic Caverns is a snowy level, it again forces the player to adapt to a certain style of passing. There are a lot of deadly icicles, and the surface itself is covered slippery ice must proceed with extreme caution.

	Surf City - now the protagonist needs to learn how to surf on the water by jumping on trampolines, overcoming water funnels and other obstacles. Level Boss: Big Blag.

	Karnath`s Lair is one of the tasks where you need to carefully study the entire location. The frog falls into a large hole with mechanical snakes. Each of them has its own route. The player must climb and run over them to get to the very top.

	Volkmire`s Inferno - if you and your battle frog survived the above tests, and there is still a living place on your fingers, then you are ready for the next task. First you need to beat the enemies, but then the hero will sit at the helm of the fighter. At this stage, the speed of transport is constantly increasing.

	Intruder Excluder - The player jumps onto platforms, climbing higher and higher. On the way there will be many robots and other devices. Level Boss: Robo Manus.

	Terra Tubes is one of the most difficult and at the same time fun missions. The character gets into a pipeline system with several robots. After everything you've been through, it's not that hard to defeat them, but in the second part of the test, you will be chased by deadly wheels. They will catch up with the frog very quickly, so try not to make mistakes and overcome obstacles decisively. Then the hero descends into his native element, deep down. There you will meet various obstacles and aggressive sharks.

	Rat Race - a mutant needs to constantly go down, overcoming various obstacles and deadly devices. The fighting frog needs to overtake the rats - mutants who want to activate the bomb, you need to get ahead of it, otherwise the minion of the Dark Queen will activate the charge and you will have to start the task again. It is very important to speed up your character by repeatedly pressing the control key in the required direction (right and left). Level Boss: General Slaughter.

	Clinger Winger - the player has already passed the test, water, fire and air, it's time to master some kind of magnetic unicycle, with its help you need to hide from the energy ball chasing you. There are many turns on the map, they need to be repeated exactly in order to set the movement for your transport.

	Revolution - a fighting toad climbs to the top of a building to defeat the final leader. Estimated travel time is 1 hour. Level Boss: Dark Queen.

Important: Information taken from Book: Encyclopedia of SEGA Games. 1000 000 - secrets, codes, passwords. Publishing house "Slovo i Delo" St. Petersburg, 2005.

How to skip the first two levels, On the first level, jump onto the first platform on the right, there will be a blinking icon for skipping two levels.
How to go to the SURFBOARD level. On level 3, break the tenth wall in the fifth race, this will be the pass.

In 1992, DIC Entertainment made a cartoon about fighting frogs. It was released specifically to promote the game and introduce players to the history of the characters. The main characters are three schoolchildren, it was they who were given the honor of becoming fighting frogs. The FOX company released the cartoon to the masses, it was supposed to become a serial, but the plans fell through.

Release date - 1991.

Amphibians, or amphibians (lat. Amphibia) are vertebrates that spend part of their lives on land. These include the well-known tailless amphibians - frogs and toads (as well as garlic and toads), tailed amphibians - salamanders and ambistomes, newts, as well as legless amphibians - worms - tropical creatures that look like worms.

Amphibians are relatively small creatures; among them you will not find such giants as among reptiles or fish. But even among amphibians there are champions who are ready to declare themselves to the whole world. We will now tell about the most famous large amphibians.

Chinese giant salamander

The largest modern tailed aphibia and aphibia in general is the Chinese giant salamander (lat. Andrias Davidianus). Its length can be up to 1.83 meters, and weight - up to 64-70 kg. With such dimensions, it is just right for her to compete with the man himself. This amphibian lives on the territory of East China (from the southern part of Guangxi province to the northern part of Shanxi). Prefers to live in cold and exceptionally clean mountain waters.

Japanese giant salamander

Japanese (lat. Andrias japonicus) is almost 2 times smaller than its “relative”: its length is 1.53 meters, and its weight is 36 kg. It lives exclusively in Japan, distributed in the western part of about. Honshu, throughout the island of Shikoku and in some places on about. Kyushu.

Allegan cryptbranch

And the 3rd representative of this detachment is the Alleghenian cryptobranch (lat. Cryptobranchus alleganiensis). It weighs only 1.5 to 2.5 kg, but it is considered the most major representative of its family Cryptobranchidae living in North America. This small and squat amphibian spends its entire life at the bottom of streams and rivers.

goliath frog

Among tailless amphibians, the first place belongs to the goliath frog (lat. Conraua goliath), whose weight can reach up to 3.8 kg, body length without paws - 32 cm. This giant frog lives in Equatorial Guinea and southwestern Cameroon.

Cane toad, or

Cane toad, or aha (lat. Bufo marinus) - the second after the goliath frog. Inhabitant of South and Central America. It grows up to 24 cm in length, weight - up to 2.65 kg.

African bullfrog

And the third among the “relatives” is the African bullfrog (lat. Lithobates catesbeianus). It grows in length up to 17-20 cm, the weight of an adult is about 2 kg (on average up to 1 kg).

The largest frog once lived in Madagascar and weighed about 4 kg, i.e. she wasn't much more goliath frog. The researchers called her an ominous name " Beelzebufo ampinga". Subsequently, the horned frog became its relative, and the largest among the horned frogs is the common slingshot, its weight is only 0.48 kg.

Spiny or ribbed newt

Ribbed newt, or spiny newt (lat. Pleurodeles waltl) is the most large view newts. The main habitats of this newt are Portugal, Spain and Morocco. Spiny newts are fairly large animals: their body length reaches 20-23 cm, body weight - up to 3 kg, and height - up to 15 cm. The life expectancy of a spiny newt is up to 7 years.

Okinawan newt

Okinawan newt (lat. Cynops ensicauda) - the largest species of the genus of East Asian newts (lat. Cynops). Do not confuse it with the Chinese (pygmy newt "cynops orientalis") or the Japanese (fire-bellied newt "cynops pyrrhogaster"), since all of these species have similar coloration.

The length of an adult is from 11 to 14 cm. The maximum (recorded) length for males is 12.7 cm, and for females - 18 cm. The life expectancy of Okinawan newts is about 20 years!

Worms

Records of the worm (lat. Caeciliidae) relate to the ratio of the thickness and length of their body. One of these amphibians living in Colombia has a body length of 1.5 m and this is with a diameter of only 3 cm. Thus, the length exceeds the thickness by 50 times (!). But this one can consider itself a real "fatty", since there are such graceful species in which the length of the body can exceed the thickness by 100 times!

Dread Leaf Climber

Terrible leaf climber (lat. Phyllobates terribilis) is a very small frog, its weight is only 28.3 g. But at the same time, it is the largest in its family of poison dart frogs. In addition, she is one of the most poisonous creatures on Earth.

Prionosuchus

Prionosuchus (lat. Prionosuchus). Nobu Tamura

And the largest amphibian that existed on Earth was prionosuchus (lat. Prionosuchus). It outwardly resembled a crocodile or a gharial, and it was 9 meters long!