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Vowels in Russian are not numerous, but there are a lot of spelling rules regarding them. These letters are found in various parts words and combined with various consonants. Vowels after hissing are especially difficult. There are a lot of rules here, we will try to systematize them and bring them concrete examples. The iotated vowel also causes a lot of controversy. After a vowel of this kind, as a rule, a dividing one is written. Usually, the spelling is considered to be the letter that is in a weak position (i.e. under stress), however, in combination with hissing and a strong position, it can raise many questions. Therefore, we will analyze the rules for vowels in both strong and weak positions.

Iotated vowels

First, let's look at what an iotized vowel is. After a vowel, at the beginning of a word, or before a hard or soft sign similar letters are pronounced with the sound [th] at the beginning: [yo] f (hedgehog), lie’[yo] (lie), plea [ya] yes (pleiade).

it e, yo, yu, i, as well as and. The last vowel after a vowel has an iotized design, as well as at the beginning of a word, but here or after soft and hard signs - no. For example, Zina [yi] yes (Zinaida), but [and] grief.

E after a vowel, it also gives an ioted sound: po[ye] hal, vo[ye]ny.

Letters a, y after hissing

The use of the term "sibilant consonants" is quite common. What does it mean? These are the sounds that, when articulated, are accompanied by a characteristic hissing design. it w, w, w, h, c.

It should be said that initially they had a pair of softness or were always hard, but with the development of the language they lost either a pair (for example, [g], [w]) or from primordially hard they became soft ([h]).

This explains the vowel after them. After a vowel, standing hissing, as a rule, does not affect anything. So, after the hissing is always written only a or at(use I or Yu considered a blunder). For example: Jacqueline, jasmine, creepy, screw, shawl, sorrel, pike, thicket, seagull, heron, tsunami.

This rule does not apply to words of foreign origin, some surnames and toponyms: brochure, Jules, Qianjian, parachute, jury, Kotsyubinsky, Steponavichyus.

Spelling and, s after sibilants

It should be remembered that after all hissing, except c, only a letter is written and. A vowel can be followed by any consonant or another

For example: fat, animal, life, wide, fascist, kids, shield, raincoats, bream, purge, swords, read.

There are exceptions in the rule, they relate to proper names, they can be written s. For example, the Vietnamese name Truong.

And or s in combination with c

Let's figure out which vowels should be written after c. Letter s written in the following cases:

1. If it is at the end of a noun or adjective. For example: three capitals, brave fellows, short fur, narrow-faced man, pickles.
2. In proper and common nouns with the suffix -yn or -tsyn-: Tsaritsyno, Golitsyn, fox tail, kunitsyn fur.
3. In some exception words: gypsy (and all its derivatives), chicken, poke, tiptoe.

In surnames and or s after c is not regulated by the rule, only by title documents, in which the correct spelling is indicated. For example, in the names Kunitsyn, Staritsyn is written s, and Yeltsin or Vitsin must be written through and.

Now let's look at the cases when c required to consume and. These are all those that do not fall under the rules listed above.

• Roots of words (except for the exceptions listed in paragraph 3 of the previous rule). For example: figure, circus, cynomolgus, specific, cylinder, Tsiolkovsky, vaccine.
• Suffixes of foreign origin: constitution, revolution, organization, interpretation, medicine, routing, calcite.
• As a link between parts of a compound word and in abbreviations, it is also written and: All-Russian Central Executive Committee, special interview, blitzinform.

Striking position o, e in combination with hissing

AT strong position to convey the sound [e] after hissing should be written e. For example: pearls, tin, whispers, rustle, crack, rubble, goal, centner, jaw, honor.

Vowels o/e after hissing, they obey their own rules.

First, let's figure out when to write about.

1. If it is part of the ending of nouns or adjectives (barge, boundary, shoulder, rifle, alien, big), as well as an adverb suffix: hot, fresh.
2. If is a noun suffix. We list the options for such morphemes: -ok- (friend, circle, pie, jump); -onk- (book, piece of paper, money, girls, boys, barrels); -onok-/-chonok- (barrel, galchonok, hare, badger); -onysh (as a rule, these are colloquial words: zhonysh, baby); -ovk- (raincoat, fighter, small things); -ob- (slum, thicket); -otk- (ratchet) and the last suffix -ovschin- requires an ending a: stabbing.
3. If -ov- is: penny, walrus, brocade. This also includes nouns derived from these words, ending it -ovka-/-ovnik-: mat, brocade, penny, pear, speech. also the suffix -ov- is often found in surnames. Here it is worth focusing on the documents given at birth. So, Borshov and Borshchev, Khrushchev and Khrushchev, Kumachov or Kumachev can be written.
4. If it is an adverb or an adjective with the suffinx -small-: small (little), fresh (freshly). These words are colloquial.
5. If it is fluent in nouns and adverbs: zhor (eat); burn (burn); trouble (rozhon); guts (guts - genitive case).
6. If the word is borrowed and the vowels after hissing are in its root: joker, shorts, anchovy, major, Joyce (proper names also obey this rule).

When should you write e under stress?

We list the cases when at the root after the hissing one should write e:

Oh and e in an unstressed position

As for spelling about or e in unstressed position, then it is necessary to remember that in a weak position one should write the letter that is heard in a strong one. This applies to both roots: tin - tin; wool - wool; turn yellow - yellow; and suffixes: key, raincoat, scourging; and endings: husband, watchman, redhead.

You should remember foreign words in which it is written in an unstressed position about: majordomo, highway, shock, lecho, Chopin, poncho, banjo and others. Their spelling should be checked against a spelling dictionary.

O and e in combination with c

After the letter c in a weak position about and e are checked by a strong position: to filter - to filter, censorship - censor, workshop - workshop. Also: pepper, fighting, pollen.

Words of foreign origin may contain unstressed about after c: mezzo, scherzo, duke.

clatter is written through about(clatter).

Marina Vladimirovna Chekanova
Abstract speech therapy session"Iotated Vowels"

Chekanova M.V., teacher - speech therapist

Nefteyugansk

preparatory group

Topic: « Iotated vowels»

Target: to systematize children's knowledge about ioted vowels YOYUYA at the beginning of a word in a strong position.

Tasks:

educational:

The ability to identify sounds at the beginning of a word in a strong position, denoting a combination of sounds letters.

Correction-developing:

Develop phonemic awareness through differentiation iotated vowels;

Develop the articulatory apparatus and fine motor skills fingers with the help of gymnastics with bioenergetics.

Educational:

To cultivate the ability to answer with a full answer, to listen to the answers of comrades.

Methods:

Verbal - conversation, explanation.

Visual - multimedia presentation, stones-sounds, syllables, elements letters, models of houses with letters E,Yo,Yu,I

Practical - the implementation of artik. exercises, tasks to determine the sequence of sounds, syllables; construction letters.

Technology:

Health saving (articulatory, breathing exercises, physical minute)

Computer techologies (slide presentation)

Gaming (didactic games, verbal)

The course of direct educational activities

Introductory part.

Guests have come to us, we will say hello to them.

How else can you say hello?

Good afternoon, hello, hello, nice to meet you

And yogis, for example, greet in this position. (slide)

And who are yogis?

Let's work like yogis, but not with our feet, but with our hands and our tongues.

Articulation gymnastics

Main part.

1. Make a sentence about yoga. (SCHEME)

What does the offer consist of? (Sentence consists of words)

How are words separated from each other? (Pauses. How many pauses, so many words)

2. Name a word that has a Y sound.

Name the first sound in the word YOGI.

What he is, remember.

How vowels sounds different from consonants?

Fizminutka.

Split into two teams: Command I-short, command vowels.

Before you are two trees - with red apples (articulation patterns vowels) and with greens. Whose team will pick apples faster.

Teams stand opposite each other, holding "apple sounds"

Can we combine the I-short sound with vowels? (children's answers)

Let's find out

Look at the screen. Name the first sound in the word APPLES, the second.

Sounds YA.

Get out those guys who have these in their hands "sounds are apples".

Same with others iotized letters

Hedgehog, the sound of YO.

Skirt, YU sound.

Spruce, sound YE.

Conclusion: Whether u-short is combined with vowels sounds at the beginning of a word?

What happens when we pronounce two sounds? (First a small obstacle, a stumble, and then the sound drags on)

The game "Humbling"

In what cases did we hear 2 sounds in words?

3. Game "Let's bring sounds into the house".

Each house has its own name.

What sounds will we settle in the house with letter I? (YA, YO (YO, YO (YU)

Conclusion: With which letters"are friends" YA sounds (With letter I)

4. Game "Name the words"

Name the words that start with YA (apple, yacht, Yana, Yasha)

YO (hedgehog, hedgehog, tree, ruff)

YE (spruce, raccoon, food, Emelya)

YU (Julia, Yula, Yura, humor, young)

Final part.

What kind letters denoted by two sounds at the beginning of a word? (E, Yo, Yu, I)

Related publications:

Abstract of a lesson on teaching reading and developing the speech of preschool children "Vowels and consonants" Topic: "Vowels and consonants". Word game. Fairy tale "Kuroch-ka-Ryaba". purpose: consolidation of knowledge about the sounds of vowels and consonants, memorization.

Most of the letters of the Russian alphabet are signs of one sound. The letters E, I, E, Yu denote two sounds: the consonant Y and the vowel, for example: Y + E \u003d E; Y+A=I; Y + O \u003d E; Y + Y \u003d Yu.

For the correct sounding of these vowels, you need to know the position of the speech apparatus with the sound Y and each of the vowels E, A, O, U.

Sound J. When pronouncing the sound Y, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, and the back is very tense and raised to the front of the hard palate, the vocal cords vibrate, the soft palate is raised.

The sound Y is pronounced only with vowels.

Try to pronounce the vowels in turn in the following pairs: A-Z, O-Yo; U-Yu; E-E, and you will feel how, when moving to ioted sounds, the back of the tongue tenses and rises to the front of the hard palate; the lips, lower jaw and tip of the tongue follow the movements that were when pronouncing A, O, U, E.

1. The position of the speech apparatus in the formation of consonants.

Sounds B, P. Lips tightly closed. The tongue lies freely, the tip is at the lower incisors; at sounds P and B, the palatine curtain is raised; a stream of exhaled air directed into the mouth breaks closed lips, which causes the sounds B and P. At the sound B, the vocal cords vibrate.

Rice. 9. Articulation P, B: a - outside; b - inside.

Sounds V, F. The lower lip with its inner edge slightly touches the upper teeth, the palatine curtain is raised, the tongue lies freely - the tip is at the lower front teeth. The air blown between the teeth and the lip forms the sounds B and F. At the sound B, the ligaments vibrate.

Rice. ten. Articulation F, V: a - outside; b - inside.

Sounds D, T, N. The tongue is slightly raised to the palate and its front part is pressed tightly against the upper front teeth. At the sound of D and N, the ligaments vibrate; at the sound of D and T, the palatine curtain is raised; at the sound H, the palatine curtain is lowered.

Rice. eleven. Articulation D, T, N: a - outside; b - inside.

The drooping palate at N.

Sounds K, G, X. With the sounds K and G, the strongly arched back of the tongue touches the hard palate. The palatine curtain is up. The exhaled stream of air breaks between the back of the tongue and the palate, from which explosive sounds K and G are formed, but if there is a gap between the palate and the back of the tongue, then a long sound X is obtained. The palatal curtain is raised when sounds K, G, X are formed. At the sound G, the vocal cords vibrate.

Rice. 12. Articulation K, G, X: a - outside; b - inside.

R sound. The formation of sounds Р and Р soft is caused by frequent fluctuations of the tip of the tongue under the influence of an exhaled air stream. With a solid sound P, vibration occurs in the alveoli of the upper front teeth. With P soft, the tip of the tongue oscillates at the anterior upper teeth. The vocal cords vibrate.

Rice. 13. A articulation K in combination with different vowels

Rice. fourteen. Articulation P (inside)

M sound. The lips are slightly closed, the tongue lies freely, as with the sound A; exhaled air passes through the nose.

Rice. fifteen. Articulation M Rice. 16. Articulation L

(outside) (outside)

Sound L. The tip of the tongue touches the upper front teeth, the root of the tongue is raised, the palatine curtain is raised, the vocal ties vibrate.

With a soft L sound, the tip of the tongue touches the upper alveoli, the entire tongue is more tense than with a hard L sound.

Sounds Z, S. The wide tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth and partly the lower gums, and the front part of the back of the tongue with a small longitudinal groove on it rises to the upper gums and forms a narrow gap with them. The lateral edges of the tongue are pressed tightly against the upper molars. The blown air passes through the groove of the tongue between the teeth and forms the sounds 3 and C. The mouth is slightly open (by three millimeters), the palatine curtain is raised; at sound 3, the vocal cords vibrate. With soft 3 and C, the middle part of the back of the tongue approaches the hard palate more, in sounding this softness is expressed in a slight increase in tone.

Rice. 17. Articulation 3, C:

a - outside; b - inside

Sounds Zh, Sh. The wide tip of the tongue is raised to the upper alveoli, almost to the edge of the alveoli, but does not touch the hard palate. A gap forms between the tongue and the hard palate. The lateral edges of the tongue are tightly pressed against the upper molars. The back of the back of the tongue is also raised and forms a second constriction with the hard palate. A cavity is created in the tongue (it is otherwise called a “ladle” or “cup”). The teeth are slightly apart, the lips are slightly pushed forward. At the sound Zh, the ligaments vibrate.

Rice. eighteen. Articulation W, W: a - outside; b - inside

Manual for automating sounds [s], [w], [l] and [r]

I am sure that many of you will find their use in my manual. Good luck!