How day and night change. A short fairy tale description of the change of day and night

Outline of the lesson on the world around in accordance with the requirements of GEF Grade 2

1. Organization of children for work:
We continue to explore the world around us.
Today we will talk about an amazing phenomenon on our planet that you observe every day. More precisely, at the beginning of the day and at its end.
We will observe these phenomena on all planets of the solar system and even on the Moon.
DON'T KNOW
Our friend Dunno depicted this phenomenon in two drawings:

Since in the lesson we will talk about many objects of nature and objects around us, we must REMEMBER with you! important rules and the laws of their life.
!Check of knowledge. Table "Solar system"

Now I will find out if you know the names of all these bodies and objects.

Task from Lena and Misha:
Lena and Misha, who are fond of astronomy, sent me an envelope with the task by mail:
- With the help of what device does Lena study the bodies of the solar system? (telescope)

TRAIN

How are they similar? (illuminate the Earth)
- What kind of light does the moon shine with? (reflected sunlight)
- What is the Sun? (a star that glows and illuminates the planets)
- What is the moon? natural satellite Earth)
- Guys, tell me what I will list for you now: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cancer, Cygnus ??? (these are constellations)

THE GLOBE

The change of day and night is something that has been instituted once and for all not only in ordinary life, but also in a fairy tale. Although, in fairy tales, this also happens - something breaks in the celestial mechanism and everything goes topsy-turvy. How long? Until a certain sorcerer appears, a master of magical affairs, who will fix everything.

Fairy tale "How the night changed day"

In the heavenly Wonderland, everything went on as usual. The sun sent golden rays to the earth. Before appearing in the sky, it looked at its sundial and knew exactly when to start shining and when to stop. As soon as the Sun went to bed, the Moon illuminated the earth. The stars helped the moon. They tried their best to shine so that it would not be completely dark. The time when the sun was shining was called "day", and when the moon and stars were called "night".

But then one day the sundial broke. Day and night got mixed up, and such confusion began! No one knew exactly when the dawn would be and when the sunset would be. Many began to sleep restlessly at night, because no one really knew when to get up. The animals wandered about as if they were lost. And the flowers forgot to open their buds.

Something urgently needed to be done. Volunteered to fix the sundial old master Month. He knew for sure that there should be a regular change of day and night. And the clock needs to be adjusted so that at a certain moment the Sun gives way to the Moon.

Calling on magical powers to help, Master Month repaired the sundial. They began to walk like new. The sun was very happy to see his expensive watch.

Now the day will never be lost, and the night will follow immediately after the day. Joy has returned to the people. They liked both the Sun and the Moon. Animals began to live their former lives. And the flowers opened their magnificent buds during the day, and tightly closed them at night. Let the buds rest to bloom again in the morning.

Questions and tasks for the fairy tale "How night changed day"

Imagine that you are on a miracle rocket and got into Wonderland. What would be the first thing that surprised you?

Who would you befriend in Wonderland?

Come up with a fairy tale about what will happen if the Sun and the Stars meet.

The change of day and night is explained by the rotation of the earth around its axis. Why does day and night change? Once upon a time, in ancient times, people asked themselves this question and did not find an answer. Thousands of years passed before man understood and explained this phenomenon. The ancient Indian myth "The Legend of the Creation of the Night" gives an idea of ​​some of the features of the beliefs of the ancient Indians, who in their own way sought to interpret the origin of certain phenomena, such as the change of day and night, to tell about the meaning of time in human life. According to this myth, the first people on earth were brother and sister, whose names were Yama and Yami. When the brother died, the sister mourned him endlessly, “shed inconsolable tears, and there was no end to her grief,” because then there was still neither day nor night, and to all persuasion she answered: “But he died only today! The gods realized that this way she would never calm down, and said: “So she will never forget him! Let's make the night! And they created the night. And when the night passed, the morning came. In the morning, Yami consoled herself and forgot about her grief. Therefore, the Indians say: "The succession of night and day brings oblivion of grief." The wisdom contained in the myth "On the Creation of the Night", echoes Russian proverbs and sayings: "Morning is wiser than evening", "Time heals". Such proverbs, like myths, arose in ancient times as one of the types of verbal art. And they also reflect the attempts of the people to understand and explain the various phenomena of reality. And myths are very similar to fairy tales, but if fairy tales are fictional embellished stories, then myths say what our distant ancestors firmly believed in. The change of day and night in ancient times was explained as follows: a certain underground-underwater monster with two heads - in front and behind - swallows the Sun in the evening, and spews it out in the morning. Day and Night, brother and sister constantly at war with each other, are the embodiment of Light and Darkness. They were presented to the ancient peoples as the highest, immortal beings: the deity of light - Day and the deity of darkness - Night. Appearing in the early morning at the edge of the sky, dressed in a night veil, the Sun, as it were, was born out of darkness, and its setting in the evening was likened to death; hiding to the west, it was given to the power of Morena, the goddess of night and death. At night, the Sun in a boat drawn by swans, ducks, geese and other waterfowl floats across the underground ocean. In the morning, it sails up to its golden palace in the east and soon leaves it on a chariot drawn by white, golden-maned horses. And so the circle of the day goes on forever. Some legends say that the Sun circles the vault of heaven, changing horses: it rides on light or white ones during the day, on black or black ones - at night. Morning and Evening Dawns harness these or those horses to his chariot. Likening Night to black horses is found in fairy tales. Let us recall how a girl goes to get fire from Baba Yaga, the sorceress ruler of heavenly thunderstorms. Two riders alternately fly by - one is all white, on a white horse, the other is red on a red horse. Night, usually identified with gloomy clouds, is also called a black cow in myths. Even riddles are devoted to this: “The black cow overcame the whole world”, “The black cow stabs people, and the white one resurrects”, - that is, the night lulls to sleep, and the day awakens. AT Egyptian mythology it was believed that the sun god Ra flies around the earth on a chariot, and when night falls, he passes through the underworld, fighting monsters, so that a new day has come! =)

Various ancient peoples, be it the Egyptians, Greeks or Romans, tried to explain all the phenomena occurring around them, so a fabulous explanation of the change of day and night has come down to our times. Legends of different nationalities are generally similar.

Change of day and night: a fabulous explanation

With the words "the sun has risen" or "the sun has set" we begin or end another day in life. Our ancestors endowed sunrises and sunsets great strength. These phenomena had a sacred meaning for our ancestors.

Indeed, during sunsets and dawns, various rituals and ceremonies, both church and magical, were performed. From here a fabulous explanation of the change of day and night “grew up”. Each user has a sunset or sunrise photo social networks. Today modern man he does not understand these phenomena and does not know the sacred meaning.

ancient greek myth

The ancient Greeks have a fabulous explanation for the change of day and night. The titan Hyperion had three children: Selena, Eos and Helios. Shining with a cold light, Selene was the goddess of the moon. On her head was a sickle-moon. On the night road she rides in a chariot drawn by bulls. Selena leaves this road when her child stars fade and the marble columns turn pink.

Eos - the goddess of the morning dawn, announces the dawn of a new day. Following Eos, their brother Helios rushes from the east in a shining golden chariot. The Greeks revered him no less than the powerful and supreme Zeus. The rays of Helios penetrated into the most distant and dark corners through black clouds. Their warm light awakened all life. Thanks to the rays, trees and fruits grew. Helios is the storm of all criminals. The rays of this god blind them. Even the gods cannot hide from such rays.

Helios knows everything about the divine "affairs". It was he who suggested to Demeter that her daughter Persephone was kidnapped by Hades into his gloomy realm of shadows. But noon comes when Helios reaches the west. By evening, the horses of Helios and he himself get tired and blush. God goes to his palace for rest, where the divine retinue also rests, and Selena's chariot leaves for the road ... Such is the Greek change of day and night. Fairy tale explanation they are similar to the Slavic myth.

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Slavic vision of day and night

The ideas about the world among the ancient pagan Slavs were very complex and confusing. The sun and sunlight were different concepts for them. For each season, the Slavs had a separate "sun" - Yarilo, Kupailo, Svetovit and Kolyada. They called the sun itself Horos. By the way, this word meant "circle". This is where the word round dance comes from.

Like the Greeks, the Slavic fairytale explanation of the change of day and night is simple - Dazhdbog (the sun - the giving god) rode a golden chariot across the daytime sky, harnessed by fiery winged horses. Morning and evening dawns were considered sisters. Moreover, the dawn was the wife of the sun. In a day summer solstice Slavs celebrated their wedding. Like the Greeks, the Sun is an all-seeing eye that watched everything and everyone. Because the criminals operate at night to this day.

Ancient Indian idea of ​​the emergence of a new day

A distinctive Indian legend about the change of day and night. The fabulous explanation says that there was no night. She appeared thanks to one tragic incident. There was a brother Yama and a sister Yami. The brother died, and the lonely sister had no choice but to endlessly mourn the unfortunate brother. To all requests and exhortations to calm down and stop shedding tears, Yami only exclaimed: “But he died today!” The gods saw the truth: in order for the girl to calm down, a night is needed, only in this way will a new day come. They made the night. Morning came, Yami forgot about grief. And the Indians began to say "the sequence of day and night."

Conclusion

More long years our ancestors believed in these myths and legends about the creation of day and night, right up to the Middle Ages. Religion and mystical ideas were replaced by science. Nicolaus Copernicus 500 years ago wrote a book about how our planet rotates on its axis, orbiting around the star Sun. So, according to Copernicus, there was a change of day and night.

The fairytale explanation was destroyed. And the scientist's book was banned by the Pope, as it contradicted the Christian religion. Copernicus became famous as the creator of the heliocentric system. The name of this system comes from the name of the sun god Helios, so, according to the theory of Copernicus, the Sun is located in the center of the universe. The Polish astronomer died of a stroke on May 24, 1543, at the age of 73.

TOPIC MESSAGE

"The change of night and day"

pupils of the 4th "G" class of secondary school No. 24

Angelica

Angelica Gennadievna

Simferopol

2015

A day is a cycle of time during which the sun, rising from the east, passes through the sky and sets in the west, then, when night falls on our half of the earth, the sun passes a revolution from another part of the planet and rises again from the east.

A day is exactly 24 hours long. Each hour consists of 60 minutes. Every minute out of 60 seconds.

How does day and night change on earth?

As a result of its rotation around its axis, the Earth is turned to the Sun by one side or the other. Consequently, the sun's rays fall either on one or the other side of the earth's surface. On the side facing the Sun we have day, on the opposite side we have night. So there is a change of day and night.

Conventionally, the time of day is divided into several parts:

• Morning - begins with the dawn of the sky in its eastern part and the sunrise from behind the horizon.
• Day - the movement of the sun across the sky from east to west.
• Evening - sunset in the west of the sky and gradually fading colors of the sunset.
• Night - Night time. At this time, the sun passes on the other side of the globe relative to us.

Since the Earth consists of continents located on both sides of the globe, the time of day in each part of the Earth is different. So if New York is still night, then in London it is already morning, in Moscow it is midday, and in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky it is already evening.

Changing the time of day

A lot of photographers tried to capture the change of day and night. By taking many pictures in a row from one position, one could trace the smooth movement of the sun across the sky, see the movement of the stars, and get beautiful video clips of sunrise and sunset. Features of time-lapse photography is when the camera is mounted on a tripod in a stationary position for a long period of time takes a series of photographs at certain intervals.

If the length of a day is constant, then the length constituent parts The time of day changes depending on the season. This is due to the tilt of the earth and the movement around the sun in an ellipsoidal trajectory. So in the summer daylight hours last longer than the night, and in winter, on the contrary, the night is longer than the day.

At the same time, in different parts around the globe, the duration of day and night is different. For example, in the Crimea it gets dark quickly in the summer, the night is dark, and in St. Petersburg June is famous for "white nights", the sun does not set far behind the horizon line and therefore the nights seem bright.

Different times of the day look and feel differently. This is connected with the biological (internal) clock by which a person is used to living (day - wakefulness, night - sleep) and with a variety of color contrast, as well as with mood. In the morning, strength is added, the day passes in study, business, work, and in the evening fatigue, a gradual departure from the department, rest and sleep.

Twice a year, the Earth is in such a position relative to the Sun that its surface facing it is illuminated completely from northern to south pole. Twice a year, the Earth is in such a position relative to the Sun that its surface facing it is illuminated completely from the north to the south pole. At this time, everything the globe day equals night. These are the days of the spring (March 21) and autumn (September 23) equinoxes. This time on the entire globe is day equal to night. These are the days of the spring (March 21) and autumn (September 23) equinoxes.