New Russian pistol boa constrictor. Self-loading pistol "Boa": new for the army or a project without a future? The heavy-duty Gyurza pistol will enter service with the Russian army.

At TsNIITOCHMASH in Klimovsk near Moscow, preliminary tests of the new generation pistol “Boa Constrictor” have been completed. The general director of the enterprise, Dmitry Semizorov, said that state tests of weapons are scheduled to be carried out before the end of the year.

The characteristics of the Boa constrictor are classified. It is only known that the pistol uses a powerful 9×21 mm caliber cartridge, the magazine holds 18 rounds, and also comes with a laser designator. This gun came about as a result natural evolution of this type of weapon, which is associated not only with the progress of design ideas and technologies, but also with external conditions, which, for example, include combat tactics and enemy security.

Adopted as a personal weapon for officers of the armed forces and law enforcement agencies, the self-loading weapon survived to today and is still widespread today. The popularity and longevity of this weapon is explained by a number of its advantages. He is not required long range aimed shooting, since it is a personal weapon of attack and defense, designed to defeat the enemy at short distances. 20 meters for PM is the optimal distance. Though targeted shooting can be carried at a distance of up to 50 meters.

9 mm self-loading pistol SR1M

A 9×18 mm caliber cartridge was created for the PM. It has an undeniable advantage, which is perfectly suitable for a melee weapon, one might say almost contact: the bullet has a good stopping effect. Bullets with high penetration power can pass right through or penetrate deeply into the enemy’s body.

In this case, the shot does not necessarily have to have high energy. This principle was used by Makarov when creating a pistol. The average value of muzzle energy made it possible to simplify the weapon's automation; the PM uses a blowback bolt and a short barrel stroke. The gun is different the highest degree reliability and ease of operation. This achieves a high rate of fire. It weighs relatively little and is compact. The PM uses a multifunctional safety, unique for the 50s-70s, which allows you to safely remove a loaded pistol from a cocked position. Resource - 50 thousand shots.

The disadvantages include the significant force required to pull the trigger - about 2 kg. And almost 4 kg when self-cocking. And also a magazine for 8 rounds. But in the modified version of the PMM, which began to arrive at the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the early 90s, the magazine capacity was increased to 12 rounds. Moreover, in the pistol it is possible to use both the old PEM cartridge and the new 9×18 PPM. In this connection, the weapon has become universal. If the PM is not able to penetrate body armor due to low kinetic energy bullet and its low initial speed (315 m/s), the new bullet acquired high penetration ability, its initial speed is 420 m/s. This was achieved by sharpening the bullet and increasing the amount of gunpowder in the case by 30%. True, PPM penetrates army body armor at a distance of no more than 10 meters.

In the 80s - 90s, unloading body armor began to appear in the West, which were additionally reinforced with equipment parts and weapons elements attached to them. In connection with this, such equipment became too tough for existing domestic army pistols. Therefore, R&D projects were initiated to create a new type of weapon with increased penetration ability. At the beginning of the 2000s, three pistols were put into service at once.

GSh-18(designers Vasily Gryazev and Arkady Shipunov) was created in the Tula Instrument Design Bureau. It is used equally in the army and in law enforcement agencies, including the prosecutor's office. Its main advantage is the use of a powerful 9x19 mm cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet, which has a speed of 600 m/s when exiting the barrel.

Pistol GSh-18 during inspection of weapons and military equipment(Photo: Sergey Bobylev/TASS)

Another advantage is the magazine with a capacity of 18 rounds. However, due to the strong spring, no more than a dozen rounds can be loaded by hand. The design of the main gun is extremely original. For example, the barrel is locked by rotating it around its own axis. To practice automation, there are 12 lugs on the barrel. Instead of a trigger guard, a trigger is used... Shooting from a main gun requires a lot of stress. In addition, the complexity of the design does not contribute to high reliability. One of the uses of this pistol is as a reward weapon. The pistol is produced in small batches.

Some time ago, Russian news sites once again pleased their readers with headlines: “A pistol has been created in Russia to replace the Makarov!” The news, as they say, is shocking - the PM adopted in the middle of the last century is as common an attribute for Russian security forces as its older comrade, the Kalashnikov assault rifle. And as in the case of the AK, so far attempts to replace the PM can hardly be called successful. Izvestia looked into the issue.

So what's this time?

I must admit, the flashy title played its role - many were not too lazy to follow the link and find out what kind of new miracle pistol they created. As one might expect, upon careful reading, everything turned out to be not so dramatic at all. It’s just that during a fairly long interview, a new CEO TsNIITochmash Albert Bakov, among other things, announced the development of a new pistol system chambered for the 9x21 mm cartridge. The new pistol must pass state tests in December of this year and will then be put into service.

Meanwhile, the list of candidates for replacement is much wider. In addition to the honored old man "Makarov", its contemporary APS is in service with the Russian security forces and is actively used - it even appears in photographs from Syria. And in addition to two veterans, since the beginning of the 2000s, the Russian military has received three new pistols at once: PYA, GSh-18 and SPS (SR-1). So, in fact, there are as many as five possible candidates for replacement.

Is the Makarov pistol really that bad? Why change it at all?

In fact, the classic PM is a wonderful weapon, compact, quite accurate and very reliable. And since it has been produced for more than 60 years, it has two more advantages: a mature production process and low cost. That is, with economic point PM is good for everyone and it’s hardly worth changing it for something new.

But still there are complaints against him. “Makara” is blamed, first of all, for being too heavy weight(730 g), small magazine capacity (8 rounds) and low power of 9x18 mm ammunition. All these “shortcomings” would not look depressing if more modern models did not exist. Let's say a Glock 26 with the same dimensions weighs 560 g, has 10 rounds in the magazine and uses a more powerful 9x19 mm cartridge. In general, back in the 90s of the last century, PM was branded in the press as “morally obsolete.”

Despite the fact that in 95% of cases of using weapons, the power, accuracy and supply of PM cartridges were enough for the eyes, those same 5% of unusual situations remained. Let's say the enemy is "under substances" or wearing a bulletproof vest, or both at once. The army is simpler in such situations - it has machine guns, mortars and other tanks with artillery; You can immediately hit the squares. But the police and various special forces have somewhat limited resources. They wouldn't mind a powerful gun.

The rooks flew by

The development work on the “Rook” theme, which began in 1990, which then smoothly moved into the competition of the same name, was precisely supposed to give the army a new combat pistol. Moreover, the first candidate for a replacement was “Stechkin” rather than “Makarov”. It was the APS that was actively used both in army special forces and in police special forces and riot police - not least because in the USSR it, at the very least, replaced a compact submachine gun. The “shortened” AKS-74U was still quite large, and the powerful army cartridge was not suitable for use in all situations.

The designers filled the empty niche of submachine guns quite quickly, already in the first half of the 1990s, creating a whole series of samples both for the old “Makarov” 9x19 mm cartridge, and for the popular Western 9x19 mm and the domestic novelty that appeared at the same time - the 9x21 mm cartridge. With pistols, the matter dragged on until the early 2000s, when all three favorites of the protracted competition were adopted.

But strange as it may sound, the new TsNIITochmash pistol can replace one of the newcomers rather than the old PM. If, as stated above, complaints about the Makarov are mostly in terms of obsolescence, then the complaints about new pistols are often much more serious. The most common PYa (Yarygin pistol), also produced for the civilian market under the Viking brand, is also the object of the greatest criticism.

Moreover, if athletes complain only about the low reliability and low survivability of parts, then among the security forces, the problems of the weapon are directly associated with the death of several fighters who were unable to use the weapon at the decisive moment. The GSh-18 had slightly fewer complaints - most likely due to noticeably inferior production volumes and prevalence. But in any case, where pistols were required not only to be carried in holsters, the attitude towards new products was ambiguous. Some fighters openly said that when they go “to war,” new pistols are left in safes, but they still prefer to take APS into battle.

"Boa constrictor", son of SR-1

Developed by the designers of TsNIITochmash P. Serdyukov and I. Belyaev, the SPS pistol (aka “Gyurza”, aka 6P53 according to the GRAU index) was initially more focused on the requests of the FSB/FSO than the army. Representatives of these departments were not deterred by the novelty and low prevalence of the 9x21 mm cartridge. Rather, on the contrary, they were quite happy that “their” pistol would be the most powerful and penetrating, while others would not have this. The SR-1 was adopted by the former “committee members” back in 1996 (the army did this only in 2003). However, despite the lengthy development process, the SR-1 never became a truly reliable and widespread pistol.

In the first series, the automatic safety keys on the trigger and the back of the handle were too tight and sharp, causing complaints from shooters. And the applied automation scheme was not the simplest and increased the cost. As a result, TsNIITochmash began developing new weapons.

Back in 2016, the then general director of TsNIITochmash Dmitry Semizorov almost word for word repeated Bakov’s current interview, saying: “The new generation pistol “Boa” is preparing for state tests, which should be completed before the end of this year.” .

True, at that moment it did not cause any sensation. And, as we see, things are still there.

Judging by appearance, the Boa Constrictor pistol does not contain any “unparalleled” design elements. This is a weapon designed according to the classic “Browning” design with a swinging barrel and locking the cartridge case behind the ejection window. We can perhaps say that “Boa Constrictor” is an analogue of the German Heckler & Koch USP (with a discount on domestic manufacturing quality).

That is, the new TsNIITochmash pistol will be a large, powerful, highly specialized and expensive weapon chambered for a rarely used cartridge. Perhaps it will find its niche in special forces units, but it is unlikely to replace the mass service compact.

What's the result?

The bottom line is the following. A new director has appeared at TsNIITochmash - and, as expected, he gives interviews in the media and talks about the prospects of the enterprise. Mentions, among other things, the produced weapon(perhaps in an overly optimistic manner - it is far from a fact that the new pistol will be tested and will be put into service).

The pistol itself is a highly specialized, niche weapon for special forces; it is in no way a replacement for the old Makarov. And in general, it is not a fact that in our lifetime the PM will leave the law enforcement agencies forever.

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State tests of a new army pistol are being completed, which should replace the PM - the well-known Makarov.

The news was announced by the new general director of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering () Albert Bakov. However, the fact that this institute is working on a promising pistol as part of the development work "Boa Constrictor" ceased to be a secret a few years ago. The RG correspondent managed to find out some details about secret development Russian gunsmiths.

"Exact specifications promising pistol for the Russian army are still classified, but we can already say that in terms of its destructive power it will become one of the most powerful in the world,they will turn out to be no weaker than those possessed by the ATP, which are open and indicative»

The need to replace the PM has been long overdue. The pistol was developed on the basis of the German police pistol Walter PPK. The abbreviation meant police criminal pistol. His Russian version turned out to be very worthy. True, it did not differ in power. It couldn't be compared to the American Army Colt. Nevertheless, the trouble-free Makarov remains the main personal weapon in the army to this day.

At the end of the twentieth century, the Ministry of Defense decided to give the task of developing a new pistol for officers and those who were entitled to it according to the staffing schedule.

The process was launched, but creating a pistol - it would seem that nothing could be easier - turned out to be incredibly difficult. It didn't work out right away. Then the work was interrupted due to lack of funding, and views on the pistol of the future changed. As a result, as it turns out, the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering in Klimovsk near Moscow, under the leadership of chief designer Alexander Borisov, seems to have coped with the task that had been set for a long time. And they did it without copying foreign designs.

It is worth clarifying that the main difficulty in designing good pistol- these are its small dimensions. And the more powerful the cartridge, the more difficult it is to achieve reliability.

According to experts, designers from Klimovsk managed to solve an almost impossible problem. In dimensions and weight not much larger than those possessed by the Makarov, it was possible to realize a shot power that far exceeded that characteristic of the Colt, which has a much larger caliber and size.

The basis for the domestic pistol of the future is the ideas of the outstanding and oldest Russian designer Pyotr Serdyukov, which he implemented in the SPS self-loading pistol.

The exact characteristics of the promising pistol for the Russian army are still classified, but we can already say that in terms of its destructive power it will become one of the most powerful in the world. In any case, they will turn out to be no weaker than those possessed by the Union of Right Forces, which are open and demonstrative.

The cartridge is one of the most powerful pistol cartridges - 9x21 mm. Sighting range shooting range - 100 meters. At this distance, bulletproof vests consisting of two 1.4 mm titanium plates and 30 layers of Kevlar, or 4 mm thick steel sheets, are pierced. SPS has interesting feature- after simply replacing individual elements, it can fire standard 9 mm Makarov pistol cartridges and even 7.62 mm TT pistol cartridges. Perhaps the new pistol will inherit this quality.

This one is interesting little known fact from the history of the Union of Right Forces. In 1997 in the USA at one of the training grounds Marine Corps new small arms created at TsNIITOCHMASH were demonstrated. The Americans were also shown Serdyukov’s pistol. Representatives of the Secret Service, the one that protects the president, asked to check the strength of their body armor. All bulletproof vests were pierced through by shots from the SPS. One can imagine the reaction of agents who are confident in their armor invulnerability.

The reaction was peculiar. FSO employees were prohibited from importing ATP into the United States. According to the Americans, it is too powerful even to protect the first person of the state.

In addition to its power, the pistol, which was made within the framework of the “Boa Constrictor” theme, is very elegant and even beautiful. When work on the weapon was in full swing, the former management of TsNIITOCHMASH decided to take an extraordinary step. The team of Vladimir Pirozhkov, a world-famous industrial designer, was involved in shaping the appearance of the pistol. At one time, he came up with the design of the Citroen car, which became the base car for the President of France. Then he worked in the Japanese automobile industry - at Toyota. Last years works in Russia and for Russia.

In the appearance of the new pistol, we managed to realize its simply visible power and high technical aesthetics

Several versions of the pistol were created, differing only in appearance. This was the first time this had been done in our country. And the result impressed even the most experienced gunsmiths - the designers managed to combine the simply visible power of the pistol with its technical aesthetics.

The creative collaboration between Pirozhkov’s designers and TsNIITOCHMASH continued in other areas.

In particular, in terms of the appearance of the equipment of the future. At the military-technical forum of the Russian Ministry of Defense in 2017, the equipment shown received a diploma for the best innovative project Exhibitions.

Weapons of the 21st century in Russia will be not only powerful, but also beautiful.

MOSCOW, " Russian newspaper", Sergey Ptichkin
12

Over the course of several last decades The topic of replacing the Makarov pistol in the arsenals of the army and law enforcement agencies was regularly raised. This no longer fully meets modern requirements and should therefore be replaced by a more advanced model. However, recent attempts to create a new pistol have not always been successful. A new contender for the title of replacement for the PM is a promising self-loading pistol known as the “Boa Constrictor.” It is already being tested, but its real prospects are still in question.

The development of a self-loading pistol with the code “Boa Constrictor” began several years ago. The general public was told about the new project in 2016, when part of the development work had already been completed. At that time, the authors of the project gave it the most optimistic assessments and talked about the imminent start of the necessary tests and inspections. However, over the past two and a half years, the situation around the new project has not changed fundamentally. This is a cause for concern.

According to official data...

The existence of the Boa Constrictor self-loading pistol project was announced in June 2016. The project was created by specialists from the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering, and the general director of the organization, Dmitry Semizorov, spoke about it for the first time. According to the head of the institute, at that time work on the “Boa Constrictor” product was in its final stages. Preliminary tests were carried out, based on the results of which the final development was carried out. Also, prototypes were being prepared for future state tests.

One of the first prototypes of the "Boa Constrictor"

The new pistol is designed for a high-power 9x21 mm cartridge, which should give it advantages over existing models, such as Makarov and Yarygin pistols. According to the developers’ plans, the new “Boa Constrictor” could in the future become a replacement for army PM and PY.

In June 2016, it was argued that the promising “Boa Constrictor” would have to enter state tests in the very near future. This work was expected to be completed by the end of the year. It should be noted that information about work on the topic “Boa Constrictor” came only from the management of TsNIITochmash. The Ministry of Defense and other security agencies did not comment on these reports.

In August of the same year, D. Semizorov again told the domestic press about the progress promising project. He recalled the recent completion of preliminary tests of the Boa Constrictor, and in the fall it was planned to launch the product for state use. Completion of state tests was again planned for the end of the year. If the Ministry of Defense made an appropriate decision, then serial production of pistols could be launched as early as 2017.

The general director of the development organization indicated that one of the main goals of the Boa Constrictor project was to ensure the confident defeat of enemy manpower using individual means armor protection. In this regard, the already well-known 9x21 mm cartridge was chosen for the new model pistol, which differs from other ammunition in its increased power and armor-piercing bullet. Previously, this cartridge was used with the SPS / SR-1 / “Gyurza” pistol. At the same time, the Boa Constrictor project was not based on borrowed solutions, and some new ideas were used in its design.

In May 2018, the specialized magazine Kalashnikov published an image of an experimental pistol of a new type. In July, the publication received a photo of another prototype. The products were noticeably different from each other, and it was a question of sequentially created samples and refinement of the basic design. At the same time, unfortunately, the exact technical characteristics of the weapon remained unknown. TsNIITochmash was in no hurry to publish such data, and therefore the press and weapons enthusiasts had to rely only on their own estimates.

In October, the topic of a new project was again raised by the management of the development organization. The new general director of TsNIITochmash, Albert Bakov, announced some information about the progress of the development of “Udav” and plans for the near future. According to him, self-loading pistols have been submitted for state testing. A new stage of activities is being carried out at the training grounds of the Ministry of Defense. In accordance with the directive of the military department, the tests should be completed in December. After this, the Ministry of Defense will have to decide on future fate a new pistol - it can go into service.

Following this news interesting messages published by Rossiyskaya Gazeta. It turned out that industrial designers worked together with gunsmiths on the new pistol. The appearance of the future "Udav" was determined by specialists from TsNIITochmash and the High Precision Prototyping Center "Kinetics" at the National Research Institute technological university"MISiS". The reason for such cooperation was the specifics of the development of modern shooting systems. Weapons are approaching maximum possible technical specifications, and now one of the ways to improve it is to improve ergonomics.

The external contours of the future pistol were determined taking into account technical limitations, ease of use, as well as artistic features. Subsequently, the original design underwent certain changes, but its main provisions remained unchanged. Also using modern technologies, Kinetics designers and TsNIITochmash gunsmiths have developed some additional devices for the Boa constrictor. In this case, remarkable results were obtained.

Technical issues

To date, the authors of the “Boa Constrictor” project have not published all the technical information, but the main features of the pistol are already clear. In addition, the approximate appearance of the product and the parameters of the main components of the pistol complex are known. All this allows you to make various assessments and make forecasts regarding the future project.

Pistol skin variant from the Kinetics Center

The Boa Constrictor project involves the production of a self-loading pistol based on well-known and time-tested solutions. This could simplify the design to a certain extent, but did not eliminate the need to solve a number of design problems associated with the use of a relatively powerful 9x21 mm cartridge. The product is built according to the classic design with a T-shaped frame, including a handle, and a movable bolt casing. Polymer materials are widely used in the manufacture of the product. In particular, the handle and frame as a whole are at least covered with plastic or even made entirely of it. The shutter casing remains completely metal.

One cannot fail to note the curious appearance of the “Boa Constrictor”. If the photographs of the spring and summer of this year featured a utilitarian-looking pistol without any special artistic delights, then in October they showed a more interesting sample. Different prototypes differ from each other in the shape of the main parts, ergonomics and, very likely, the design of internal mechanisms. For example, one of the most noticeable differences was the shape and depth of the notches on the bolt casing.

The type of automatic pistol has not yet been specified. According to some sources, a swing-barrel system is used, in which locking is accomplished by the interaction of the barrel lugs and the cartridge ejection port. However, information about the possibility of using a silent firing device may contradict such versions.

The pistol is equipped with a double-action trigger mechanism with a hammer protruding beyond the weapon. Fire control is carried out by a traditional trigger, covered by a traditional guard. Older photographs showed that there were fuse flags at the rear of the movable housing. The sample shown in the fall did not have such details for some reason. Moreover, from its appearance it was impossible to speak at all about the presence of a non-automatic fuse.

Like other self-loading pistols, the Boa uses detachable box magazines placed in the internal grip shaft. The magazine holds 9x21 mm cartridges, but its capacity has not yet been specified. The magazine is locked using a side button. The gun has shutter lag, allowing you to quickly prepare it for shooting after emptying the magazine. The delay lever is located on the left side of the frame, above the trigger.

Apparently, the Boa Constrictor pistol can have two options sighting devices of a similar type. They include a front sight and rear sight of a simple design, placed on the casing. On the basic version of the pistol, these parts are small in height. The modification, compatible with a silencer, is distinguished by an increased height of the sights, which allows you to raise the line of sight.

According to press reports, the development of a muffler for the Boa constrictor was carried out with the help of automated systems design. The prototype was manufactured using 3D printing technology. The resulting design was able to solve its problems, but at the same time weighed only tens of grams. In addition, the cost of the finished product has sharply decreased.

It is also possible to use other accessories. To install them, there is a guide bar of standard sizes on the front of the frame. It is suggested to be used with flashlights, laser designators and other devices.

Unfortunately, the exact dimensions and weight, as well as combat characteristics self-loading pistol "Boa" remain unknown for now. It can be assumed that in terms of combat qualities it is comparable to previous systems chambered for the 9x21 mm cartridge. In the case of the SPS / SR-1 pistol, such a cartridge made it possible to obtain initial speed bullets of about 400 m/s and a muzzle energy of more than 600 J. Depending on the type of cartridge and bullet, the SPS could penetrate class 3 or 3A body armor from a distance of 50 m. How similar is “Boa Constrictor” to SPS from the point of view tactical and technical characteristics– unknown.

Near future

According to reports from two years ago, in the very near future the Boa constrictor pistol from TsNIITochmash was supposed to enter state tests. Apparently, such plans were carried out with some delay, and therefore the promising weapon has not yet completed all the necessary checks. However, as reported in mid-autumn, state testing of the pistol will be completed in December. Thus, this stage of work should be coming to an end - if it has not already ended.

Experienced pistol with silencer

The Ministry of Defense has not yet talked about the progress of testing the Boa pistol and has not announced its plans for it. Based on the results of the current checks, the military will have to draw final conclusions and decide whether they need a promising self-loading pistol chambered for a powerful cartridge. Perhaps this kind will appear in the near future, and the public will know the real prospects of the new pistol.

For now, we have to rely only on a limited amount of data and our own estimates. Apparently, the “Boa Constrictor” product is a typical modern self-loading pistol, but it differs from many other models in the use of a relatively powerful 9x21 mm cartridge, which gives it advantages in combat qualities. Differences can also be found in some ergonomic features worked out by industrial designers. At the same time, the internal mechanisms of the Boa are based on proven solutions, although they are adapted to the characteristic loads of powerful ammunition.

What decision the military will make, and what the future fate of the new domestic pistol “Boa Constrictor” will be, is a big question. In light of the published data, this sample looks good modern weapons, capable of finding his place in the troops. However, testing at the site should reveal strong and weak sides pistol, thanks to which the army will be able to make an informed decision. It is quite possible that the disadvantages of the pistol will not outweigh the advantages.

An ambiguous feature of the project should be considered the cartridge used. 9x21 mm ammunition was adopted by the army back in 2003, but never truly became widespread. This was due, first of all, to the insufficient number of weapons for them. It cannot be ruled out that the Boa Constrictor will eventually be able to change this situation, but for now the use of an “unusual” cartridge looks rather like a disadvantage. What the command thinks about this will perhaps become known later.

According to the news last months, in December the Ministry of Defense should complete state tests of a new self-loading pistol. Based on the results of these events, a decision will be made on the future fate of the Boa constrictor, as well as on the future of the PM and PYa pistols. The army will have to decide whether it needs a new weapon, and whether this new model will be promising development from TsNIITochmash.

Based on materials from sites:
http://ria.ru/
http://tass.ru/
http://iz.ru/
https://kalashnikov.ru/
https://modernfirearms.net/
http://bastion-opk.ru/