Corvette project 23800 breeze. Promising Russian corvette of the "Breeze" type
The laying of a new ship is always a holiday, both for shipbuilders and sailors. It seems that there are no yet tangible steel sides, superstructures, no 3400 tons of displacement, no formidable Caliber, Redoubts, Packets, even the crew has not yet been assembled, but the ship is already there. The newest project 20386 corvette was named "Daring" and managed to arouse respect among "friends" and an alarming foreboding among "strangers" with its declared potential.
Corvette "Daring" - a continuation of the line of multi-purpose surface combat ships of the second rank maritime zone project 20380, the first of which were laid down in the early 2000s. Now the Navy has four corvettes of this class, all in the DKBF (Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet) - "Guarding", "Smart", "Courageous" and "Resistant". Four more are under construction at the Severnaya Verf shipyard: Zealous and Strict (modernized project 20380), as well as Thundering and Agile (project 20385).
"Perfect" is being built at the Amur Shipyard in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Total within the GWP-2020 ( Government program weapons) the Russian Navy should receive 20 corvettes of this type (3-8) for each fleet. 
Of the voiced and most massive projects of this series of corvettes (20380 and 20385), there is also project 20382 with the code "Tiger" - export version, characterized by simplified weapons. 20383 - a project of a border guard ship. Well, project 20386, which will be "Daring", is the best development of this series of corvettes, which will be distinguished from their "brothers" not only by improved seaworthiness and powerful engines, but also by enhanced armament, stealth and low noise.
And if the purpose of most corvettes is to lead fighting against a naval enemy in the near sea zone, to protect sea lanes and sea facilities economic activity, then "Daring" will be able to operate in the far sea zone. In fact, in terms of its running and combat capabilities, this corvette is close to destroyers. 
The project 20386 ship is supposed to hit surface combat ships and ships with cruise missiles of the ship's missile system, search for and destroy enemy submarines with torpedoes of a small-sized anti-submarine complex, ensure the combat stability of ships and vessels from enemy air attack means with an anti-aircraft missile system, provide artillery support for the landing and actions of sea landings with an artillery installation. A sort of small (in size) monster capable of performing a wide range of combat missions even far from its native shores - autonomy for 30 days and the ability to travel almost 5,000 nautical miles without refueling allow this. Speed also matters - 32 miles per hour versus 27 for its predecessors. 
The "Daring" provides for a combined gas turbine unit with partial electric propulsion. The installation includes two domestic gas turbine engines capacity of 27 500 Horse power and two main electric motors with a capacity of 2200 horsepower. Thanks to innovative technologies, this corvette will become a fundamentally new ship of the Russian fleet. The superstructure will be made of lightweight and durable composite materials. 
The use of large-sized lockable hatches (cargo hatches) in the freeboard will also be new, allowing more complete implementation of the Stealth technology. It is no coincidence that the ship has already been nicknamed the “invisible corvette”.
Compact and powerful drives, hydraulic systems, new materials and control systems were used to accommodate a large complex of transportation facilities and ship devices on the ship. Innovative solutions are also applied in the electric power system, life support system, environmental protection and many others. 
Another of the "daring" features is improved seaworthiness due to new hull lines. A ship with a displacement of almost three and a half thousand tons does not “climb” the wave, but cuts it. Such stability will make it possible to use the ship's armaments when the sea is rough with a force of up to five points.
The project 20386 corvette has a powerful arsenal, significantly exceeding the “caliber” of ships of a similar class US NAVY (for example, the newest USS Montgomery, which crashed into the Panama Canal lock on October 29 this year and has already received the nickname a leaky trough - “leaky trough”). "Daring" will be equipped with a universal automatic 100-mm gun mount A190 in a new "flattened" from the sides "stealth" tower. It will carry two quad mounts of the Uran or Uran-U ship-based missile system for strikes against a surface enemy at a distance of 130 to 260 kilometers (or, most likely, Caliber anti-ship missiles with a longer target range). For zero visibility in the stowed position, these complexes will hide behind shields in the central part of the superstructure. In the bow of the ship there is a block of vertical launchers SAM "Redut" with anti-aircraft guided missiles to destroy air targets at short and medium ranges. On-board in the middle part of the corvette hull, behind the lap ports, launchers of the Paket-NK anti-submarine (anti-torpedo) complex will be installed. In the aft part of the superstructure - also on the side - there will be two 30-mm six-barreled AK-306 assault rifles designed to repel attacks by saboteurs and pirates, as well as to shoot floating mines.
The exact composition of the project 20386 armament is unknown, however, it was announced the planned implementation of the modular principle of acquisition (in the aft part of the ship there is a compartment that can be used to accommodate interchangeable containers equipped with various equipment, headquarters equipment, launchers of missile systems, etc.) and capabilities basing on board, in addition to the Ka-27 (Ka-31) ship helicopter, drones, probably Horizon.
It is possible that the radio-technical armament of the new ship will be identical to that located on the corvettes of the 20385 project. And it, in addition to the BIUS (combat information and control system) "Sigma", also includes a radar station (radar) of general detection "Furke-2", Target designation radar for guided missiles "Monument-A" in a radio-transparent radome combined with the foremast structure, two navigation radars, sonar system "Zarya-2" with an antenna in the nose bulb, sonar station "Minotaur-M" with an extended towed antenna, OGAS "Anapa-M", automated communication complex "Ruberoid", electronic warfare and navigation equipment. For self-defense against enemy detection and anti-ship missiles, the ship is equipped with four PK-10 ten-barreled launchers (of the "Brave" jamming system). This whole complex of radio-technical weapons reduces the probability of hitting a ship by almost three times.
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In my section on , the lion's share of materials is devoted exclusively to Western projects. And this is unfair, because Russia also builds ships that are in no way inferior to their Western counterparts.
This is largely due to the fact that very little attention has been paid to this aspect in our press. For example, articles on English language dedicated to this ship, I came across a huge number, but in Russian there is only one, and then on the specialized naval site "Atrina" (surprisingly, even on the website of the design bureau that designed this ship, there is no article as such, only performance characteristics) , about which most history buffs and military equipment they just don't know.
Actually, I present to your attention this article, and the ship itself.
Project history
New Russian multi-purpose patrol ship project 20380 near sea zone was designed for the Russian Navy at Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau in St. Petersburg. Its creation was due to certain difficulties associated with the implementation of the previous multi-purpose ship of a similar class, pr. 12441, since the lead ship Novik, laid down back in 1997 at the Yantar shipyards, was never completed at the time. In this regard, after the competition, which was won by FSUE TsMKB Almaz, the command of the Russian Navy decided to start building a simpler and cheaper ship, pr. and similar ships were classified as TFR). Direct military-scientific support for the creation of this ship was carried out by the 1st Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. In total, more than 70 Russian research, design and industrial enterprises (including Avrora, Kolomna Plant, Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard, etc.) participated in the creation of the corvette pr. 20380.
Multi-purpose patrol ship (corvette) pr. 20380 is intended for operations in the near sea zone of the state and combating enemy surface ships and submarines, as well as for artillery support of amphibious assault during amphibious assault operations by delivering missile and artillery strikes against ships and vessels at sea and bases, patrolling the area of responsibility for the purpose of blockade.
Design features
The ship has a steel smooth-deck hull and superstructure from side to side made of multilayer composite materials (flammable multilayer fiberglass and structural materials based on carbon fiber), which was made taking into account the requirements of the so-called stealth technology. The hull of the corvette pr. 20380 is fundamentally new in design and differs from the generally accepted ones, which has become one of its main features. The new contours of the underwater part of the hull made it possible to reduce the water resistance when the ship was moving at a speed of about 30 knots by about 25% and, at the same time, the required power of its main power plant. As a result, it became possible to use a less powerful and lighter power plant, which led to the release of 15-18% of the displacement, which can be used to increase the combat load. While maintaining the mass of armament and power plant unchanged, by reducing the resistance to the movement of the ship by 1.5-2 knots, the speed of its full speed increases.
Click to enlarge the picture
The improved seaworthiness of the corvette pr. 20380, in comparison with the seaworthiness of ships of the same displacement, with equal restrictions on pitching, allows its armament to be used in sea waves with a force of up to 5 points (1.5–2 points more than similar ships), which is especially important when based on a helicopter ship. In the aft part of the corvette, for the first time for domestic ships of such a displacement, there is a hangar with a landing site for the Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopter, there is also a significant (up to 20 tons) fuel supply for it.
Particular attention is paid to protecting and increasing the survivability of the ship. The latest achievements in reducing visibility in the radar and infrared ranges were implemented based on architectural features in combination with special coatings, missile weapons and antenna posts built into the hull, the use of materials with high radio absorbing properties, local protection of individual elements of the hull, weapons and technical means, which have a decisive influence on the formation of the physical fields of the ship's upper hemisphere. The average circular effective dispersion surface (ESR) of a corvette is reduced by about 3 times compared to similar ships, which reduces the probability of anti-ship cruise missiles being aimed at it from 0.5 to 0.1. In addition, the ships of project 20380 provide for a set of measures to ensure combat and operational survivability, including explosion and fire safety, constructive protection from enemy weapons, and other measures.
The ship pr. 20380 is equipped with a complex technical system weapons as part of complexes of shock, anti-aircraft and anti-submarine weapons, combat control, detection, target designation, communications and protection. The basis of its weapons is anti-ship missile system"Uranus" as part of two four-container launchers (8 X-35 anti-ship missiles, firing range 130 km), located across the diametrical plane in the middle part (similar to TFR pr. 11540). For air defense, the ship is equipped with a Kortik-M combat module (in the bow), an Igla MANPADS (to be launched from the shoulder) and two 30-mm AK-630M artillery mounts (in the stern). At the same time, the upgraded version of the Kortik combat module has a weight reduced by 2 tons and a missile firing range increased to 10 km. The main thing artillery armament represented by the A-190 universal 100-mm gun mount with 332 rounds of ammunition (maximum rate of fire 80 rounds per minute, firing range 21.3 km, height reach 15 km). Fire control of 100-mm and 30-mm artillery is carried out by the latest 5P-10 Puma system, the antenna post of which is located on the bow superstructure. Unique system anti-torpedo protection "Package-NK" is represented by two four-pipe 330-mm devices, located side by side in the portholes. Its torpedoes can be used both directly against enemy torpedoes approaching the ship, and against submarines. The Ka-27 permanently deployed helicopter is also designed to detect and destroy submarines.
The electronic armament of the ship, in addition to the Sigma CICS, includes the Furke-2 general detection radar, the Monument-A URO target designation radar in a radio-transparent radome combined with the foremast structure, two navigation radars, the Zarya-2 hydroacoustic complex with an antenna in the nasal bulb, the Minotaur-M hydroacoustic station with an extended towed antenna, the Anapa-M OGAS, the Ruberoid automated communications complex, electronic warfare and navigation equipment. For self-defense against the means of detecting the enemy and his anti-ship missiles, the ship is equipped with four PK-10 launchers of the "Brave" jamming system. For self-defense and protection against pirates or underwater saboteurs, Project 20380 has two pedestal 14.5-mm machine gun mounts and two DP-64 grenade launchers. The use of weapons is possible with sea waves up to 5 points. To provide radio navigation for the anti-submarine helicopter, antenna posts of the OSPV-20380 station were mounted on the roof of the hangar.
The modular principle of the architecture of the ships of this project makes it possible to install new systems of weapons and electronic weapons on them during the construction of new ones and the modernization of existing ones. This reduces production costs and provides a high upgrade potential over the 30 year life cycle of the ship.
The power plant of the corvette pr. 20380 is a twin-shaft diesel plant, consisting of two pairs of 16D49 engines, working through summing reversible gearboxes for two fixed-pitch propellers. 4 diesel generators 22-26DG with a capacity of 630 kW each provide consumers with a current of 380 V (50 Hz). By reducing the noise level of the mechanisms of its power plant, the visibility of the ship in the hydroacoustic range was reduced - for the first time in domestic practice, technologies that were previously worked out on our nuclear submarines of the latest generation were used on the NK.
In general, the corvette pr. high level systems automation. With an economic speed of 14 knots (maximum 27 knots), the autonomous cruising range of the corvette reaches 4,000 nautical miles. The crew of the ship with a helicopter service group is 99 people.
Modifications
In addition to the serial ship pr. 20380 for the domestic fleet, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise TsMKB Almaz simultaneously developed its export version, which received the project number 20382 and the code "Tiger". This ship differs mainly in the presence of simplified weapons in the export version and the ability to replace the necessary systems with Western-made analogues, depending on the requirements of the customer.
It is assumed that starting from the 5th ship of the "Guarding" type, some changes will be made to the project, in particular, regarding anti-ship and anti-aircraft weapons. Most likely, the Kortik-M complex will be replaced by a new air defense system medium range with vertical launch installations (for example, "Polyment"), and SCRC "Uranus" - on "Onyx" or "Club" also with UVP.
Construction program. On December 21, 2001, the laying of the lead corvette Steregushchiy took place at JSC Shipbuilding Plant Severnaya Verf. Some time later, two more of the same type were laid down - on May 20, 2003 "Smart" and on July 27, 2005 "Boikiy", and then two more.
In total, it is planned to build a series of 20 multi-purpose ships, pr. 20380 (5 for each of the fleets), and 4 of them should be delivered to the fleet before 2015.
Status as of 2008
New corvettes should become the basis of the Russian Navy in the near sea zone. The first two corvettes will go into service with the Northern and Baltic fleets. They will be used for patrolling coastal waters, escort and anti-submarine operations.
The lead ship of the series - "Guarding" - was first presented to the general public at the III International Naval Show held from June 27 to July 1, 2007 in St. Petersburg under its export name "Tiger".
Project 20380 corvettes- multi-purpose patrol ships of the near sea zone, developed for the Russian Navy. At the beginning of 2011 in combat strength The Russian Navy is the lead ship of the project, the Guardian corvette, and four more ships are under construction. New corvettes should become the basis of the Russian Navy in the near sea zone.
The lead corvette "Steregushchy" was laid down on December 21, 2001 at the OJSC Shipbuilding Plant "Severnaya Verf". Some time later, three more ships of the same type were laid down at the same shipyard - "Smart" (May 20, 2003), "Boikiy" (July 27, 2005), "Resistant" (November 10, 2006). Another corvette, Perfect, was laid down on June 30, 2006 at the slipway of the Amur Shipyard in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. In total, the command of the Russian Navy plans to build a series of 20 multi-purpose corvettes of project 20380 (3-8 for each of the fleets).
Project 20380 corvettes are designed:
- for operations in the near sea zone of the state, combating enemy surface ships and submarines;
- for artillery support of amphibious assault during amphibious operations by delivering rocket and artillery strikes against ships and vessels at sea and bases;
- to patrol the area of responsibility for the purpose of blockade.
The project 20380 corvette is distinguished by its multifunctionality, compactness, stealth, and a high level of automation of ship systems. The modular principle of the architecture of the ships of this project makes it possible to install new systems of weapons and electronic weapons on them during the construction of new and modernization of existing corvettes. This reduces production costs and provides a high upgrade potential over the 30 year life cycle of the ship.
Main characteristics :
Full displacement - 2220 tons
Length:
90 m (DWL)
104.5 m (largest)
Width:
11.1 m (DWL)
13 m (largest)
Draft:
3.7 m (average)
7.95 m (largest with bulb)
Power plant: 4 diesel engines 16D49, 2 shafts, 2 five-bladed propellers;
Power - 23,320 hp
Speed:
full - 27 knots (50 km / h)
economic - 14 knots (26 km/h)
Cruising range 3500-4000 miles at 14 knots
Autonomy of navigation - 15 days.
Hull and superstructure
Corvette hull - smooth-deck steel. It is fundamentally new in design and differs from the generally accepted ones, which is one of its main features. The new contours of the underwater part of the hull made it possible to reduce the water resistance when the ship was moving at a speed of about 30 knots by about 25%, and also made it possible to reduce the required power of its main power plant.
Thanks to the new design of the underwater part of the hull, it became possible to use a less powerful and at the same time lighter power plant, which led to the release of 15-18% of the displacement, which can be used to increase the combat load of the ship. While maintaining the mass of weapons and power plant unchanged by reducing the resistance to the movement of the ship, the full speed of the corvette can be increased by 1.5-2 knots.
The superstructure of the ship goes from side to side and is made of multilayer composite materials.(flammable laminated glass-reinforced plastics and structural materials based on carbon fiber), which was carried out taking into account the requirements of the so-called "stealth" technology.
In the aft part of the corvette, for the first time for domestic ships of such a displacement, there is a hangar with a landing pad for the Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopter, there is also a significant (up to 20 tons) fuel supply for it.
Starting with the first serial ship ("Savvy"), "the decisions of the general customer regarding weapons, general ship systems, a communications complex, and automation systems were implemented. During the implementation of the project, the design of the hull and superstructure of the ship has changed significantly.”
Main power plant
The main power plant (MPP) of the project 20380 corvette is a twin-shaft diesel plant consisting of two DDA (diesel-diesel units) DDA12000, created by specialists from the Kolomensky Zavod for the Russian Navy and successfully passed interdepartmental tests in 2006. Each DDA consists of two 16D49 diesel engines and a reverse gear unit.
DDA provide high power in reversing modes with minimal fuel and oil consumption; they are equipped with a modern microprocessor control system and control of the main parameters of work. Through the summing reversible gearboxes, the propulsion units operate on two fixed-pitch propellers. 4 diesel generators 22-26DG with a capacity of 630 kW each provide consumers with a current of 380 V (50 Hz).
By reducing the noise level of the power plant mechanisms, the visibility of the ship in the hydroacoustic range was reduced - for the first time in the practice of Russian shipbuilding, technologies previously worked out on Russian nuclear submarines of the latest generation were used on a surface ship.
With an economic speed of 14 knots (full - 27 knots), the range of autonomous navigation of the corvette reaches 4,000 nautical miles. The crew of the ship with a helicopter service group is 99 people.
Armament
Anti-ship complex
The armament of the project 20380 corvette includes complexes of strike, anti-aircraft and anti-submarine weapons, combat control, detection, target designation, communications and protection systems. The basis of the corvette's anti-ship armament is the Uran anti-ship missile system, consisting of two four-container launchers with an ammunition load of 8 Kh-35 anti-ship missiles and a firing range of 130 km. Container launchers are located across the diametrical plane in the middle part of the hull.
Anti-aircraft missile system
The air defense of the ship is implemented due to the combat capabilities of the Kortik-M anti-aircraft missile and artillery system (on the tank), portable anti-aircraft missile systems"Igla" (to launch from the shoulder) and two six-barreled 30-mm artillery mounts AK-630M (in the stern). The firing range of missiles ZRAK "Kortik-M" reaches 10 km. On serial corvettes, instead of the Kortik-M air defense system, it is planned to install the Redut air defense system (SAM 9M96M, 9M96E or 9M100) in the TLU.
Artillery
The artillery armament of the corvette is represented by the A-190 universal 100-mm gun mount with a maximum rate of fire of 80 rounds per minute, a firing range of 21.3 km, an altitude reach of 15 km and an ammunition capacity of 332 rounds. Naval artillery fire control is carried out using the 5P-10 Puma artillery fire control system. The antenna post of the system is located on the bow superstructure.
Anti-torpedo, anti-submarine and anti-sabotage weapons
The anti-torpedo protection system of the Paket-NK ship consists of two four-pipe 330-mm vehicles located on the side in the ports. Torpedoes launched from torpedo tubes can be used both directly against enemy torpedoes approaching a ship and against submarines. To detect and destroy submarines, the corvette is equipped with a Ka-27PL permanently based helicopter.
For the purpose of short-range self-defense against pirates or underwater saboteurs, project 20380 corvettes are equipped with two pedestal 14.5-mm machine gun mounts and two DP-64 anti-saboteur grenade launchers.
Radio equipment
The radio equipment of the ship, in addition to the Sigma CICS, includes:
- Radar station (RLS) of general detection "Furke-2";
- Target designation radar for guided missiles "Monument-A" in a radio-transparent fairing, combined with the foremast design;
- two navigation radars;
- sonar complex "Zarya-2" with an antenna in the nasal bulb;
- hydroacoustic station "Minotaur-M" with an extended towed antenna;
- OGAS "Anapa-M", automated communication complex "Ruberoid", electronic warfare and navigation equipment.
For self-defense against the means of detecting the enemy and its anti-ship missiles, the ship is equipped with four ten-barrel launchers PK-10 of the “Brave” jamming complex (two between the helipad and the hangar and two behind the A-190 gun. To ensure the radio navigation of the anti-submarine helicopter, they are mounted on the roof of the helicopter hangar antenna posts of OSPV-20380 station.
seaworthiness
The improved seaworthiness of the corvettes of the "Guarding" type project, in comparison with the seaworthiness of ships of the same displacement, with equal restrictions on pitching, allows the use of ship armament in sea waves up to 5 points.
combat survivability
When designing the corvette, special attention was paid to protecting and increasing the survivability of the ship. The designers of the project implemented "the latest achievements in reducing visibility in the radar and infrared ranges based on architectural features in combination with special coatings, missile weapons and antenna posts built into the hull, the use of materials with high radio absorbing properties, local protection of individual elements of the hull, weapons and technical means that have a decisive influence on the formation of the physical fields of the upper hemisphere of the ship.
The average circular effective dispersion surface (RCS) on the ships of the project was reduced compared to similar ships by about 3 times (the probability of targeting anti-ship cruise missiles at the corvette was reduced from 0.5 to 0.1). On the Steregushchiy type corvettes, a set of measures has been implemented to ensure combat and operational survivability (explosion and fire safety and constructive protection from enemy weapons).
/Based on materials atrinaflot.narod.ru and en.wikipedia.org /
Results of IMDS-2017 - The Navy needs better armed and more balanced "muscular ships"? July 4th, 2017
If we sum up the statements of “responsible persons” voiced in the media during the days of the International Maritime Defense Show IMDS-2017, I personally had the impression, I hope not false, that at last the domestic design bureaus (PKB) began to receive quite intelligible tactical and technical requirements and, in turn, to offer the Navy fairly balanced designs of combat surface ships.
Moving from small to large and from simple to complex, the first thing to do is probably to mention the class of small missile ships (RTOs).
Small rocket ships
CEO Zelenodolsk plant named after Gorky Renat Mistakhov said that the plant will improve the project of small missile ships (RTOs) of the Buyan-M type, making them more seaworthy. The updated version of the RTO will have new form hull, and in terms of its capabilities it will approach corvettes.
Information that a very strange alteration in RTOs of a flat-bottomed small artillery ship (MAK) “river-sea” of the “Buyan” type, at one time designed for the surface forces of the Caspian flotilla, is being redesigned into a ship with seaworthiness acceptable for the conditions of the same Mediterranean Sea, and I hope, with reinforced weapons, it can only please.
If the armament of the improved RTOs of the Zelenodolsk plant does not differ significantly in its capabilities from the armament of the 800-ton RTOs of project 22800 (“Karakurt”) already under construction, then this attempt by Zelenodolsk workers should still be recognized as counterproductive. If it is successful and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation purchases RTOs of a new project as part of the Navy, the number of different types of warships that differ little from each other in their combat capabilities will only increase.
covets
Who, however, can be surprised by the simultaneous construction of RTOs for the Navy of two different projects, if domestic shipbuilders are simultaneously building corvettes for our Navy of three different projects at once: 20380, 20385 and 20386?
It all started at one time with the cancellation of the already begun construction of the Novik-type TFR project 12441, which, with its total displacement of 2900 tons, the 18th Onyx anti-ship missile and the gas turbine power plant, was recognized as “too large and expensive for a coastal corvette”.
Project 20380 corvettes of the Steregushchiy type with a design total displacement of 2100 tons, the 8th anti-ship missile Uranus and a diesel power plant, as it was believed, should have been more consistent with the requirements of the Navy for ships of this type. However, the strike armament and air defense capabilities of the Project 20380 ships were later found to be insufficient.
The Kortik-M air defense missile system installed on the lead corvette “Steregushchy” was replaced on the first serial corvette by the Redut air defense system with UVP for 12 cells, and at the beginning of 2012 the first corvette of project 20385 was laid down, which is an improved corvette of project 20380 with slightly increased displacement. The reason for this was the strengthening of the armament of the corvette due to the replacement of the Uran SCRC with the 8-cell UVP SCRC Caliber-NK, and an increase in the number of cells of the Redut air defense system from 12 to 16.
However, already in 2013, project 20385 corvettes were found to be too expensive:
“The main thing that does not suit us is the too high price and excessive armament - cruise missiles"Caliber", working on sea and land targets. Project 20385 does not meet the requirements of the fleet”
As a result, in 2016, the first corvette of the "modular" project 20386 ... was laid with a displacement of 3400 tons and an expensive gas turbine power plant.
“Excessive armament” on this ship, which almost caught up with project 11356 in terms of displacement, was decided not to put on this ship (except to add it in the form of modules). The diagrams show two four-container launchers of the Uran SCRC.
However, this is far from the end of the story. As Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin noted the other day:
“Of course, the main emphasis that we are making today on the Navy is "muscular" ships that have the ability to carry a huge amount of weapons. That is, our conventional corvette of smaller displacement should be equal in power to the conventional cruiser, which is in service with the Western Navy "
Apparently in connection with the mentioned emphasis, the Krylov State Research Center presented at IMDS-2017 a model of the Breeze corvette with a normal displacement of 1980 tons, a diesel-gas turbine power plant, a UVP for 24 Caliber-NK missiles, 24 cells of the Redut air defense system ... and it looks like no helicopter hangar.
It also became known that the Northern Design Bureau is developing a “heavy” corvette of project 23800, which “will become an intermediate link between a corvette and a frigate”, apparently acting as an alternative to the project of the Krylov State Scientific Center.
Promising frigate
In contrast to the intriguing constant change in conceptual views on domestic ships of the near sea zone of the corvette type, the concept of a promising domestic frigate has undergone less dramatic changes over time.
The lead promising frigate of project 22350 “Admiral Gorshkov of the Fleet of the Soviet Union” has not yet entered service, and its shortcomings are already known - a relatively small capacity of UVP for missiles (32 cells) and strike weapons - 16 missiles of the Caliber-NK complex (I remind you that Krylovsky specialists state center plan to arm their promising corvette "Breeze" with 24 missiles of the "Caliber-NK" complex), insufficient economic speed - 14 knots.
Therefore, it is stated that the number of launchers for missiles and the displacement of the promising frigate of project 22350M will increase. It is not clear only one thing, whether the displacement will increase by about a thousand tons, or will grow to 8 thousand tons, as the media write in recent times. In the second case, the ship can no longer be considered a modification of the project 22350 frigate. It will be completely new project, albeit inheriting a number of architectural features and internal equipment from the frigate of project 22350. With an increase in the total displacement to 8 thousand tons, we can expect an increase in the number of launchers for missiles in comparison with the Gorshkov by about half and the appearance of a hangar for a second helicopter. Even if such a ship is classified as a frigate in the Russian Navy, it will most likely be classified as a destroyer abroad.
"Leader"
During the days of IMDS-2017, it was announced that the draft design of the new generation destroyer “Leader” was approved by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. It was once again clarified that the ship would receive a nuclear power plant and noted that the timing of the start of construction of the series would be determined at the stage of technical design. I think that we will not receive new additional information about the project in the near future.
Promising landing ships
During the days of IMDS-2017, it was announced that the Russian Navy plans to receive two promising landing ships by 2025 as part of the new state armaments program. It is not yet clear whether these will be DVKDs designed by the Nevsky Design Bureau with a displacement of about 15,000 tons with a flight deck for helicopters in the stern, or they will be carrier-based UDCs with a continuous flight deck. In the second case, we can talk about two competing projects. The layout of the Lavina UDC with a displacement of about 23 thousand tons was once again presented by the Krylov State Scientific Center at IMDS-2017. It is also known that the Nevskoye Design Bureau is designing a UDC with a displacement of about 30 thousand tons.
I'm already talking about the project of the Krylov State Research Center. . I will not repeat.
Regarding the UDC project, nothing is known from the Nevsky Design Bureau, except for the displacement. At the same time, it is not even clear whether this displacement is normal or full. Given the great experience of the Nevsky Design Bureau team, gained during the redesign of the TAKR project 1143.4 "Admiral Goshkov" into the light aircraft carrier "Vikramaditya", as well as in the course of participation in the development of the project of the Indian light aircraft carrier "Vikrant", I personally am very interested in whether the developers of Nevsky will try Design Bureau to offer our Navy basing on the projected 30 thousand-ton UDC MiG-29K, or not. If not, then the domestic promising UDC of the Nevsky Design Bureau will become the largest ship of this class, on which only helicopters will be based.
Aircraft carriers
As Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy for armaments, said a few days ago, the design of a promising Russian multi-purpose aircraft carrier is included in the state arms program until 2025. “Yes, of course, the Navy will build an aircraft carrier”, - TASS quotes him as saying - “Various bureaus are being worked on to determine the appearance of this ship”.
Based on the words of Vice Admiral Bursuk, we can conclude that the Navy has not yet decided on what the “technical face” of a promising multi-purpose aircraft carrier will look like, and I think it is unlikely to finally decide before 2025. Is it possible to assume with great certainty that the ship will be equipped with a nuclear power plant.
It should be noted that the Krylov State Research Center, which previously offered the Navy and foreign customers a conceptual design for the multi-purpose aircraft carrier Storm with a displacement of 95-100 thousand tons, also began an initiative study of the technical appearance of more simple lung aircraft carrier " combat capabilities which is not much inferior to the aircraft carrier "Storm".
Well, competition in the field of designing domestic aircraft carriers of two organizations, the Krylov State Research Center and the Nevsky Design Bureau, is certainly better than one monopoly designer.
Thank you for your attention!
The regular International Maritime Defense Show (IMDS-2017) has finished its work in St. Petersburg. The era of large state defense orders is coming to an end, and the desire of shipbuilders to take their piece of work and money is only growing. The fleet, in turn, is groping for new design solutions.
It's getting crowded on Vasilyevsky Island. Before us is the last IMDS, which took place on the territory of the Lenexpo complex in Gavan. Starting in 2019, the salon will be moved to Kronstadt, to the site of the Patriot Park branch being created there. This, of course, will complicate the logistics and the work of the participants - after all, for a multi-day business event, Vasilyevsky is much more accessible than Kotlin.
Noting the inexorable desire of the current leadership to gather all the major military-industrial exhibitions in the territories of their new offspring (other examples: Russia Arms Expo and the MAKS air show), I would only like to carefully wish that the reverse process does not happen under the next heads of the military department. The "new brooms" often have new hobbies that do not in the best way can affect the cost and effectiveness of well-established, traditional events, whose life cycle designed for several generations of federal dignitaries.
Perhaps the main premiere of the salon was the long-awaited display of the Pantsir-M anti-aircraft missile and artillery system (in the export version of ME). The long road to the new "horned", as this type of weapon was irreverently nicknamed in the fleet, is finally coming to an end. The line of the Soviet "Kortik" finally received a very promising successor, already growing out of the usual framework of the "self-defense complex": the far border of the affected area was moved from 8-10 kilometers at the "Kortik" ("Kortika-M") to 20 kilometers, and the upper - from 4-6 to 15 kilometers. "Pantsir-M" is multi-channel: the combat module can simultaneously fire at up to four targets with four missiles aimed at them (Kortikov modules could only work with one missile at one target).
ZRAK is planned to be placed on new ships of the Navy, where such weapons are provided (for example, on RTOs of project 22800 "Karakurt"), and on modernized ones (instead of the Kortikov installed there).
Class Drift
In the realities of domestic shipbuilding, a new subclass of ships began to emerge. The Northern Design Bureau (design bureau) has begun developing a “heavy” (with a displacement of more than 2000 tons, how much more is not specified) project 23800 corvette. Interest in the design and construction of large corvettes in this dimension (up to 4000 tons) was reported in a conversation with a correspondent and representatives of the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant.
"Heavy corvette" in our recent history shipbuilding has already been - "Novik", a multi-purpose patrol ship of project 12441 "Grom", laid down in 1997 with great fanfare. The construction was not mastered for financial reasons (the lead ship in 2001 prices pulled 8 billion rubles), and also because of the unavailability of weapons systems. Part of the design solutions (in particular, the propulsion system and the multi-channel Redut air defense system that existed only on paper) were dragged to the new project 22350 frigate that was being conceived just then.
Technically, there is logic in this. The corvette and frigate classes, set by the fleet almost 20 years ago, are noticeably swollen, it becomes a bit crowded in them. The frigate of the modernized project 22350M (in the jargon - "Supergorshkov"), as they wrote six months ago, will become at least a thousand tons heavier. At the current salon of the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy for armaments, Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk said that the increase in displacement would be even more significant - up to 8,000 tons. Corvette "Daring", laid down in St. Petersburg under project 20386, has a displacement of 3400 tons against 2200 for the basic project 20380.
It is not yet clear whether the fleet still needs something in the range of 1500-2000 tons - between the "heavy corvette" and small missile ships. Recall that it was from this size class that the multi-purpose ship of the near sea zone grew from the late 1990s, which later became the corvette of the long-suffering project 20380. Initially, they were going to change Soviet specialized "kids", including small missile ships of project 1234 and small anti-submarine ships project 1124. But the time for design and redesign went on, the total displacement exceeded 2200 tons, and the expensive (and still unfinished) Redoubt was dragged on board.
At the moment, it is quite possible to repeat the ship according to the initial data for design: "Uranus" as strike weapons, "Pantsir-M" in the air defense circuit and "Package" as an anti-submarine (or a new guided missile used from launchers "Uranus", according to analogies with the American container versions of the previous generation, where they unified the ASROC and Harpoon launchers). The only question is whether the fleet needs such a ship.
And the models are...
Here the Krylovsky Center believes that it is still required. The press was presented with a new corvette "Breeze" with a normal displacement of 1980 tons. True, going back to one of the four very old variants of the so-called "corvette XXI" - this is a big hello from the early 2000s, when the ship's appearance was being worked out for the future project 20380.
The corvette should give 30 knots and at the same time carry a monstrous composition of onboard weapons: 24 UKKS launchers for the Onyx and Caliber and 16 launchers for some kind of long-range air defense system. The latter seems to indicate Redoubt, but the fact is that in the original XXI-2 project (the elements of which are completely repeated by Breeze), it was the S-300FM Fort-M air defense system with the 48N6 family of missiles. With the declared capabilities missile defense formations (and, probably, the composition of electronic weapons relying on such a case).
The question of how all this can be placed in 1980 tons, we will leave to shipbuilding professionals, and the question of the cost of the finished product -.
However, the military even before was rather skeptical of the “ship modelling”, demonstrated with enviable constancy within the walls of the St. Petersburg Salon. “Models are models,” Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, politely answered the question of whether the fleet will build the notorious Priboy amphibious assault ship, this time presented at the stand.
Then he noticed that the fleet would order two ships of this class (without specifying the project), with the goal of getting them by 2025. From the report for 2015 (later ones are not available), it is known that from the type of landing ships two years ago they settled on two options. These are a landing helicopter dock ship with a displacement of 15,000 tons and a universal landing ship with a displacement of 35,000 tons. None of these projects, as far as can be judged, has yet been leaked to the public.
Consolidation behind the scenes
Meanwhile, in an industry already fed up big money, which has considered the limits of this fountain of abundance in the form of the completion of the "State Armaments Program - 2020" and has realized its organizational and technological limits, the underlying processes of consolidation are growing.
For at least two years now, a plot has been developing around the attempts of the Ak-Bars holding, which controls the Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant, to get the Zelenodolsk design bureau of the same name, which is organizationally part of the state.
Moreover, the plans in Zelenodolsk are big: in an interview with Lenta.ru, the general director of the plant, Renat Mistakhov, noted that in the future, in fact, we should talk about creating a wide-range machine-building holding that combines a number of competencies and industries that are in demand in shipbuilding. In particular, we are talking about the production of shafts, rudder propeller group, gearboxes and propulsion systems, as well as control systems. If a classic shipyard, Mistakhov emphasized, concentrates the production of 10-15 percent of the cost of the finished ship (and the rest goes to the kits), then after enlargement they plan to produce up to 40 percent of the cost of the final product.
USC itself is strongly opposed to this project, but this is just understandable: the appearance of a competitor in the industry is unlikely to be welcomed by anyone except the customer. However, government officials clearly favor the project. The Deputy Prime Minister stated that, in his opinion, the Zelenodolsk bureau "should work in Tatarstan."
The issue has already twice reached the level of a draft presidential decree, but both times it was stopped for revision. Last time this happened in May of this year after the transfer of part of the shares to the government of Tatarstan loomed in a potential transaction binding.
The processes of intra-industry consolidation outside of state monopolies in the face of the inevitable fall in state defense orders are absolutely natural: there is a fight for costs and a shrinking fodder base. It would be interesting to see what Ak-Bars will end up with and how competition will affect the growth of domestic shipbuilding opportunities. The issue price for the full-scale implementation of the project is still very high: according to Renat Mistakhov, the required investments amount to at least 10-15 billion rubles.
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