Iran and its naval forces. Iranian Navy - real power or skillful propaganda? Iranian patrol ships

The situation in the area of the Persian and Hormuz Straits is slowly but surely heating up. The threats repeatedly made by various politicians and the military of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) about blocking the Strait of Hormuz in response to the embargo of Iranian oil supplies to the EEC countries and thus stopping the transportation of oil from other supplier countries to the West forced the United States and its allies to take real action. The US Navy is strengthening its grouping in the waters of the seas surrounding Iran . At the same time, both sides provoke each other, and there is a real possibility that the conflict could become "hot". The US Navy is preparing to counter Iran's plans to cut off oil supplies. The stakes in the game are very high, as even a short disruption in the supply of oil resources will lead to a catastrophe in the global market and raise the question of the competence of the United States in the role of "the world's policeman."

The combat capabilities of the US Navy are widely known. It is clear that in the long run in the event of a flare-up full-fledged war against the Western coalition, Iran will have little chance, but under certain conditions, Iranian military naval forces may well seriously paralyze oil supplies, at least at the initial stage.

The importance of the Strait of Hormuz for the global economy can hardly be overestimated - according to Lloyd's Maritime Statistics Department, in 2006, up to 33% of world oil exports passed through the Strait of Hormuz. If all types of oil products are taken into account, then the strait accounts for about 40% of the global sea export of this mineral raw material.

Strait of Hormuz

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow strait of strategic importance both militarily and economically, connecting the Gulf of Oman in the southeast with the Persian Gulf in the southwest, naturally being the most important transport artery. The northern coast of the strait belongs to Iran, and the southern coast belongs to the United Arab Emirates and the Sultanate of Oman.

The strait has a length of 195 kilometers, the width of the narrowest point of the strait is about 54 kilometers. The maximum depth is 230 meters. The strait is divided into two transport channels with a width of about 2.5 kilometers each, separated from each other by a 5-kilometer buffer zone. At the moment, the strait is the only sea route that allows the export of Arab gas and oil to third countries, in particular to the United States.

What forces will be able to oppose the navy of Iran and the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)? What are their possibilities?

The main tasks facing the Iranian Navy, which are declared by the country's leadership:

conducting military operations against enemy ship groups and aviation in order to gain dominance in the waters of the Persian and Oman Gulfs;
protection of the territorial waters and sea coast of Iran, including important administrative and political centers in the south of the country, economic regions, oil fields, naval bases, ports and islands;
ensuring the protection of coastal sea lanes and disruption of the enemy's sea lanes in the Caspian Sea, in the Persian and Oman gulfs;
permanent control over the Strait of Hormuz(highlighted ed.);
providing direct support to the ground forces and the air force in the course of operations in maritime sectors, conducting amphibious assault operations, combating enemy amphibious assault forces, and conducting continuous reconnaissance at sea.

Organizationally, the Iranian Navy consists of a fleet headquarters, four commands, four naval regions (BMP) and includes surface and submarine forces, fleet aviation, marines, anti-ship missile coastal units, maritime security, coastal services and logistics. In addition to the Navy itself, which is subordinate to the country's Ministry of Defense, the protection of Iran from the sea is carried out by parts of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

In recent years, the leadership of Iran has paid special attention to increasing the naval component of its Armed Forces. New surface ships, small submarines are being built, missiles of various types and ranges are being tested, Iranian ships have completed a number of long-range cruises, and operational-tactical exercises are regularly conducted.

The forces of the Iranian fleet in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Oman are based on several naval bases on the coast (the main one is Bandar Abbas, where the naval headquarters is located) and on the islands, several more bases are being built.

Iranian Navy Moudge-class destroyer

In the same area, the main forces of the ship-boat composition of the fleet are concentrated. The basis of the submarine forces is three Russian-built Project 877EKM diesel-electric submarines built in the 90s of the last century. These boats are considered low-noise and, according to the capabilities of their weapons, pose a serious threat. They can effectively operate both against warships and be used to strike at tankers.

In addition to the diesel-electric submarines of project 877EKM, there are a number (perhaps several dozen) of ultra-small submarines, including those in the IRGC - for the operations of special forces.

The surface fleet is represented by several large ships, both of their own construction and inherited from the Shah's regime. It is worth mentioning two destroyers (actually a frigate) of the Jamaran type, about 10 frigates and corvettes. The main surface strike force of both the fleet and the IRGC are numerous (quantitative estimates: from 50 to 70 units) high-speed missile boats of various displacements. All ships are armed with several types of anti-ship missiles. own production, and purchased abroad, in the case of massive use, they can cause significant damage to the forces of the United States and NATO and, of course, disrupt tanker transportation.

The amphibious fleet is represented by a significant number of ships and boats. About 15 of them are relatively large (displacement from 1400 to 2500 tons), capable of landing tactical assault forces with light equipment. A significant part of the landing forces are boats, including those on air cushion. For direct action against the US Navy, Iranian DKAs are of little use, but they will be very useful for laying minefields.

In addition to sea-based anti-ship missiles, the fleet and the IRGC have dozens of coastal mobile anti-ship missile systems with a strike potential in a salvo of up to 200-250 missiles (according to various sources, up to fifty launchers, organizationally consolidated into 4 brigades), representing a significant potential threat to the ships of the US Navy, their allies and, in general, shipping in the region.

Another one and maybe the only one effective way completely block traffic in the Strait of Hormuz - laying minefields. The Iranian fleet has accumulated large stocks of mine weapons (albeit obsolete), and almost all ships of the fleet are adapted to laying mines. Moreover, it is possible to carry out the setting in a very short time, and literally the first or second explosion of supertankers can paralyze all shipping. In addition, minefields will seriously impede the actions of ship groups of the American fleet.

In general, the quality of Iranian Navy equipment is far behind the level of a potential enemy, the weak point of the fleet is the almost complete lack of experience in modern combat operations at sea, anti-submarine capabilities, and problems with air cover.

The creation of powerful naval forces, equipped with modern ships and weapons, is one of the priorities of military construction in Iran, "an integral part of the regional strategy" of Iran. At the same time, the Iranians are developing in every possible way both asymmetric methods of waging a naval war in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz, and are trying to create naval forces capable of actively operating outside the coastal maritime zone. The presence of a large, versatile and combat-ready navy is seen by Tehran as a "lever" in the Gulf area, which, in particular, allows Iran to "threaten the US presence without the need to use force." The build-up of the naval forces in the Caspian Sea is not ruled out either.

The Iranian Navy consists of two components - the Navy of the Army (18 thousand people) and the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC, 20 thousand people). Moreover, the IRGC Navy focuses on preparing for an asymmetric naval war, and the Army Navy focuses on a possible confrontation with the fleets of the Arabian monarchies and actions outside the Persian Gulf.

The predominant orientation of the Iranian Navy towards asymmetric methods of waging naval warfare is due to both the quantitative and qualitative superiority of the United States and financial considerations, namely, the relatively low cost of such forms of warfare. The development of asymmetric methods of warfare at sea is considered in Tehran "an ideal means of deterrence." Realizing that it is unrealistic to win the confrontation with the US Navy, the Iranians are betting that the price of a possible American military success will become unacceptable for Washington, which would deter it from conducting a naval operation.

Iranian views on the combat use of the Navy involve the large-scale use of mine weapons, numerous and varied attacks by small combat boats equipped with relatively simple but effective anti-ship missiles (ASMs), as well as small-caliber artillery, machine guns, MANPADS, anti-aircraft installations, RPG, ATGM, 106 mm recoilless rifles, 107 mm MLRS. It is believed that potentially small boats are able to successfully attack the capital ships of the US Navy due to their speed, maneuverability and large numbers. It is also taken into account that small watercraft are difficult to detect by radar, and for delivering quick strikes from ambushes, the Iranians intend to place them near numerous islands and oil platforms in the Persian Gulf. Much attention is paid to the actions of naval commandos, including combat swimmers, and the development of tactics for the use of small submarines (12 units). At the same time, the water area of the Gulf, due to its natural features, is for the most part unsuitable for the use of submarines. Increased attention is paid to the issues of covert setting of mines. They are also armed with guided "kamikaze boats" stuffed with explosives. We note that for recent times Iranian gunboats have repeatedly provocatively come dangerously close to US and other Western ships operating in the Persian Gulf.

Another feature of the combat use of the IRGC Navy was the decentralization of command and control of the fleet forces for the period of hostilities, providing commanders on the ground with greater independence and the right to make decisions on the use of forces and means at their disposal.

One of the main tasks of the IRGC Navy is the protection of its own navigation and oil platforms in the Persian Gulf. At the same time, Iran has repeatedly stated its intention to block the Strait of Hormuz, which is vital for the world economy, in the event of a military threat to Iran.

In recent years, the zone of operations of the Army Navy has been expanding. Iranian ships regularly make trips to the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, take part in the fight against piracy in the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Increasingly, ships of the Iranian Navy are making visits and business calls to the ports of other countries, including those not bordering Iran. Thus, in 2011, Iranian ships made their first trip through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean Sea with a stop at Syria. The Army Navy has been given the long-term goal of establishing a "strategic presence" in international waters far beyond the continent by 2025. maritime zone, to become a force capable of operating effectively in the "strategic triangle": the Strait of Hormuz - the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb - the Strait of Malacca.

Iran independently, although using foreign technologies and weapons, or copying them, builds small submarines, frigates, hovercraft, wide range combat boats. It is planned to start building submarines with a displacement of up to 1000 tons. Launched various kinds naval weapons, including anti-ship missiles. However, on the whole, Iran's capabilities to renew the ship fleet and equip the Navy with modern high-tech types of weapons and equipment are limited. The number of large ships entering the fleet is small, and its core is still made up of ships purchased abroad during the Shah's regime, which are morally obsolete and physically worn out, do not have modern weapons, weapon guidance systems, control and electronic warfare equipment. As for the new models of naval missile weapons demonstrated by the Iranians during the exercises, they are, in all likelihood, mainly experimental products, the declared performance characteristics of which are greatly exaggerated for propaganda purposes.

Estimated, Iran has from 3 to 5 thousand naval mines, most of which are old models of contact action. There are only about 300 modern mines. Chinese rocket mines are considered the most effective of them. For laying mines can be used warships, including submarines, boats, airplanes and helicopters, as well as civil ships. Experts believe that first of all the Iranians will install minefields in the Strait of Hormuz.

The Navy is armed with anti-ship missiles, mainly of Chinese and national production, with a firing range of 25 to 120 km. They can be launched from ships, boats, aircraft and helicopters. Up to 30 missile batteries are available in coastal defense. Iranian command counts on massive use various types RCC.

Surface and submarine forces, aviation, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are involved in reconnaissance. In addition, there are UAVs in service, stuffed with explosives, which are designed to strike at enemy ships.

Intensive combat training has been established in the Navy of the IRGC and the Army. Exercises are regularly held, including large ones, with the participation of the Air Force and ground forces. In the course of combat training activities, issues of combating large enemy ships, actions to protect the country's coast and blockade navigation in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz are worked out, new types of weapons are tested and practical shooting is carried out.

The coastal infrastructure of the fleet is being improved, its air defense is being strengthened. Much attention is paid to the construction of shelters for weapons and command posts, and their camouflage. At present, the Iranian Navy has an extensive system of naval bases and bases, which provides the possibility of both the dispersal of forces and their maneuver for conducting a particular operation.

US naval experts believe that successfully countering Iranian maritime strategy requires the US and its Arabian allies to " creative thinking". The US Navy's Fifth Operational Fleet, operating in the Persian Gulf, will soon be reinforced by four minesweepers and four CH-53 helicopters that are capable of detecting mines, as well as underwater mine clearance robots. Besides, in Persian Gulf high-speed patrol boats of the Mark 38 type will be sent, which, according to US naval sailors, can effectively repel attacks from enemy small-sized fast boats. To counter Iranian boats, heavy machine guns may also be installed on large ships, in particular, on aircraft carriers.

In general, according to US military experts, an analysis of Iranian asymmetric capabilities at sea shows that the Iranian Navy "can play an important role in intimidating other states and in threatening oil exports in the Gulf." At the same time, the Iranian navy is vulnerable to "strike and counterstrike" by the US Navy and its Arabian allies." However, it acknowledges that "the destruction of Iranian capabilities in a large-scale maritime conflict" will be very costly.

The military-political leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), assessing the threats to the national security of the country, pays special attention to increasing the combat power of the naval component of its armed forces. Tehran's efforts are a preventive measure to neutralize the attempts of the United States and a number of NATO countries to prevent the strengthening of Iranian influence in the region of the Near and Middle East and in the world as a whole.

According to the national military doctrine, the main tasks Iranian Navy are:

conducting combat operations against enemy naval groupings and aviation in order to gain dominance in the waters of the Persian and Oman Gulfs and the Caspian Sea;
defense of the territorial waters and sea coast of Iran, including important administrative and political centers in the south of the country, economic regions, oil fields, naval bases, ports and islands;
disruption of enemy sea transfers and communications in the Caspian Sea, in the Persian and Oman gulfs;
control over the Strait of Hormuz;
providing direct support to the ground forces and the air force in carrying out operations in coastal areas;
conducting amphibious assault operations and combating enemy amphibious assault forces;
conducting continuous reconnaissance at sea.

ORGANIZATION, NUMBERS, SHIP COMPOSITION OF THE IRANIAN NAVY

The Iranian Navy includes the formations of the Army and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

The number of personnel of the Army Navy is more than 20 thousand people (of which about 9 thousand marines), the IRGC Navy - over 20 thousand (5 thousand marines).

Organizationally, the Army Navy includes: headquarters, five commands, four naval regions (BMP), combat formations and units, support, maintenance and training centers.

The Headquarters of the Naval Forces of the Army (GVMB Bandar-Abbas), including departments and departments, is the main body of administrative and operational control of formations and units of the Naval Forces of the Army. It is entrusted with the functions of planning the combat use, daily and combat activities of the troops and their logistics, as well as the direct management of subordinate command headquarters: in the zone of the Strait of Hormuz, in the zone of the Gulf of Oman, in the zone of the Caspian Sea, naval aviation and the training command of the Navy Army. The commands direct the daily activities of the formations of the naval forces of the Army of the country.

The command of the Naval Forces in the Strait of Hormuz (GVMB Bandar Abbas) ensures the solution of the main tasks assigned to the naval forces in this region. It includes an operational-tactical formation - the 1st Naval Region (BMP, GVMB Bandar Abbas). The units included in the BMP are designed to provide defense and maintain the necessary operational regime in their areas of responsibility, protect water areas, and organize control of the surface and underwater situation. The naval area is led by a commander, who, in addition to the main units, is administratively subordinate to the head of the naval base, as well as coastal units and services providing basic ship maintenance.

The 1st BMP, in addition to the headquarters, includes:

3rd brigade of ships and boats (divisions of submarines, destroyers, frigates, landing ships, landing hovercraft (DKAVP), patrol and artillery boats);
1st Marine Brigade (about 4.5 thousand people) consisting of three battalions.

Naval aviation units are assigned to this area: the base patrol aviation squadron, the 3rd anti-submarine helicopter squadron and the squadron transport aviation. The 1st BMP also has a Naval Training Center in its area of responsibility.

The Command of the Army Naval Forces in the Gulf of Oman Zone (Naval Base Jask) manages the operational integration of the fleet and is intended to solve the tasks assigned to the Navy in its area of responsibility.

It includes two operational-tactical formations - the 2nd (Naval Base Jask) and the 3rd (Naval Base Chakhbahar) naval regions. The 2nd BMP along with headquarters includes:

8th brigade of ships and boats (battalions of frigates, minesweepers, large anti-submarine patrol boats);
7th ship brigade (71st and 72nd missile boat battalions, landing hovercraft battalion;
2nd MP Brigade.

Naval aviation units are assigned to the 2nd BMP: the 7th squadron of minesweepers, aircraft of the transport aviation squadron and the squadron of command and control aircraft.

The 3rd BMP has a headquarters, a division of ships and boats.

The Command of the Naval Forces of the Army in the Caspian Sea Zone (Naval Base Bender-Anzeli), which is a tactical formation, is intended primarily for patrolling and naval reconnaissance in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. It includes the 4th BMP (Naval Base Bender-Anzeli), which includes a headquarters, a division of ships and boats, a division of patrol boats, as well as a training center for technical specialists.

The Naval Aviation Command (GVMB Bandar Abbas) consists of a headquarters and eight squadrons: one each for patrol aviation, command and communications, minesweeper helicopters and transport helicopters, and two each for anti-submarine transport helicopters.

The training command manages the training of personnel for the Iranian naval forces. It has at its disposal a training vessel, a naval training center and a training center for technicians of the 4th BMP.

The naval forces of the Iranian IRGC are an independent structure of the country's Armed Forces. The personnel in 2013 totaled about 20 thousand people. The IRGC Naval Forces are designed to protect coastal territories, conduct combat operations both independently and jointly with other types of Armed Forces of the Corps and the Army. Organizationally, they include a headquarters, three separate commands, four naval regions, combat formations and units, support and service units, training centers and institutions.

Command and control of troops in Peaceful time is carried out by the Commander of the Naval Forces of the IRGC through his apparatus, including deputies, secretariat, headquarters, relevant commands and headquarters of the BMP.

The headquarters is the main body of administrative and operational control of formations and units of the Naval Corps. It is entrusted with the functions of planning the combat use, daily and combat activities of the troops and their logistics. He directly manages the headquarters of the commands under his jurisdiction: in the zone of the Persian and Oman Gulfs, the missile and training commands of the IRGC Navy.

Commands manage the day-to-day activities of formations, units and divisions of the Naval Corps.

Part Naval Command in the area of the Persian and Oman Gulfs includes four naval regions:

1st BMP (GVMB Bandar Abbas), which includes a headquarters, a brigade of ships and boats (divisions of landing ships, high-speed missile boats (RCA), patrol boats (PCA), landing boats, a boat brigade, a division of small and midget submarines, as well as a Marine Brigade.
2nd BMP (Navy Bushehr), which includes a headquarters, a brigade of ships and boats (divisions of landing ships, high-speed RKA and PKA), a marines brigade and a coast guard battalion.
3rd BMP (Bender-Khomeini Naval Base), including headquarters, a boat brigade (PKA divisions and small patrol boats), as well as a coast guard battalion.
4th BMP (Navy Assa-luye), which includes headquarters, a division of fast missile boats, a division of patrol boats and a coast guard battalion.

Missile Command e (Bender Abbas) has three missile brigades. The 26th (Bender-Abbas) and 36th (Bushir) consist of three missile battalions, and the 16th (Minab) includes four battalions.

Training Command manages the officer school of the Navy of the IRGC (Chalus), the 1st, 2nd and 3rd missile training centers, as well as training centers in Bandar Abbas and Qom.

Part surface forces of the fleet includes: three frigates of the Alvand type (former English frigates Vosper Mk 5) and two Bayandor corvettes of the PF103 type of American construction, as well as the Jamaran FR (Movdzhi project) of national production; 23 boats (ten French-built missile and patrol boats of the Kaman type and Chinese-built Tondor, three American-built Parvin small patrol boats of the PGM 71 type) and about 170 PKA of various types.

Mine-sweeping forces include the American-built Riazi offshore minesweeper of the Cape type (the second one was withdrawn from service), equipped with contact, acoustic and magnetic trawls, as well as two base minesweepers MSC 292/268 with a displacement of 384 tons.

Auxiliary fleet has the following ships: four tank landing "Khengan" of English construction (51 "Khengan" - 1973, 52 "Larak" - 1974, 53 "Lavan" - 1985, 54 "Tonb" - 1985), three landing "Iran Hormuz-24"; three small landing craft Iran Hormuz-21, two small landing craft Fowke (MIG-S-3700), as well as six landing hovercraft Wellington (VN-7) and Eunice-6 (all allocated in fleet reserve).

In addition, it includes: one tanker (supply vessel) "Kharg" of the "Own Hunter" type (1993) built in England (1980); two tankers (supply vessels) "Bender-Abbas" of the "Laring Yard" type of German construction (1973-1974); four Indian-built Kangan tankers (1979); six Pakistan-built Delwar supply vessels (1978-1982); 12 auxiliary vessels "Bakhtaran" ("Khondiyan", MIG-S-4700), as well as one training vessel "Khamzah".

As of early 2013 Iranian Navy Submarines consisted of three submarines of the project 877EKM ("Kilo" according to NATO classification) of Russian construction.

Boats of this class are designed to fight enemy submarines and surface ships, protect naval bases, sea coasts and sea lanes. They are quiet and, in terms of their hydroacoustic characteristics, are comparable to Israeli submarines of the Dolphin type. Currently, two out of three boats are in need of repair.

The submarine with tail number 901 (Tarek) was built in 1991, with the number 902 (Nor) in 1992 and 903 (Yanes) in 1994. Their base point is the Bandar Abbas naval base.

The Navy of the Iranian Army also has midget submarines (SmPL) of national design of the Kadir type. They are used by the naval forces mainly in the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf, in particular, for the transfer of special forces, mining and reconnaissance. Due to their small size, these SMPLs are difficult to detect, but at the same time, in terms of their combat capabilities, they are inferior to the Project 877EKM submarines. In the summer of 2011, the Iranian Navy was armed with 11 Kadir-class submarines, and in 2013 their number increased to 20.

In addition, the Iranian Navy has three nationally developed Al-Sabehat-15 underwater combat swimmer delivery vehicles (length 9.2 m). They are intended for the special operations forces of the Navy. The last tool entered service in 2000.

Coastal Defense Units included two brigades of anti-ship missiles HY-2 Silkworm (CSSL-3 Siriker) - four launchers (from 100 to 300 missiles) and anti-ship missile launchers YJ-2 (S-802) - four launchers (from 60 to 100 missiles).

Part marines includes two brigades of the Navy of the Army and the IRGC.

As part of naval aviation there are: 19 aircraft (Do-228 - five units, P-3F "Orion" - three, "Falcon" 20E - three, "Rockwell Turbo Commander" - four, F-27 "Friendship" - four); 30 helicopters (RH-53D "Sea Stalien" - three units, SH-3D "Sea King" - 10, AB-212 - 10, AB-205A - five, AB-206B "Jet Ranger" - two).

BASE POINTS

The Iranian naval forces have a fairly developed infrastructure. The main naval base is Bandar Abbas, the naval bases are Bushehr, Kermanshah, about. Harg, oh Farsi, Bandar-Khomeini, Bandar-Mashar, Bandar-Lenge, Jask, Chakhbahar and Bandar-Anzeli.

IRGC Naval bases: Sir Abu Noair, Abadan oil terminal, Abu Musa oil fields and platforms, al-Fasiyah, Kurus, Halal, Larak, Qeshm, Rostam and Siri.

The repair and shipbuilding bases are represented by the MAN Nordhemen floating dock with a displacement of 28,000 tons, where the production of small submarines, patrol and landing boats, as well as auxiliary vessels is established.

VIEWS ON THE PROSPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF THE IRANIAN NAVY

At present, the Naval Forces are capable of solving tasks mainly in territorial waters.

The naval forces of Iran are developing in accordance with the views of the country's military-political leadership on the prospects for creating favorable conditions for ensuring national interests in the region. It is planned to implement the concept of reforming and re-equipping the Navy until 2025. Basic provisions targeted programs and directions for the development of this type of armed forces, taking into account the tasks it solves, were formulated based on the strategic plan of state leaders to maintain and expand the dominant role in the Middle East and specifically in the Persian Gulf.

The results of the events in northern Africa during the so-called Arab Spring, during which the United States and NATO initiated the removal of the leaders of a number of Arab states from power, had a certain influence on the rethinking of the country's significance in the region. In addition, the persistent desire of Washington and its allies to establish control over the Iranian nuclear program using various forms of pressure in the diplomatic, economic and other fields.

The main geostrategic goal of the Iranian leadership is the desire to expand its zone of influence in the region with access to the waters of the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. According to Iranian experts, this is possible by changing the organizational structure of the country's naval component, as well as by improving the coordination of actions of formations and units to solve problems in their areas of responsibility.

Since 2012, the Iranian leadership has been allocating about 5% of GDP for military needs. A significant part of these funds goes to the implementation of targeted programs for reforming the Naval Forces. This made it possible by the beginning of 2013 to create in the region a sufficiently powerful naval grouping in terms of its potential, which significantly exceeds the groupings of the countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC).

Since 2012, there has been a trend of gradual integration of the combat structures of the Army and the IRGC. The reform plan provides for by 2015, on the basis of these independent components, to create a unified military structure. The main attention will be paid to the implementation of a set of measures to form the optimal combat strength and equip it with modern weapons and military equipment.

In the interests of ensuring interaction between the components of the Navy, as well as in order to test the effectiveness of the measures taken to create a new operational structure, a number of tactical and special exercises of the Iranian Navy were conducted in 2010-2013 as part of operational and combat training. One of the main tasks in the course of these events was to rethink plans to involve the Army Naval Forces and the IRGC in order to eliminate duplication of actions in their areas of operational purpose, as well as the choice of forms and methods of their application outside the traditional areas of responsibility. According to Iran's military experts, this will free up part of the forces and means to solve problems not only in the country's territorial waters, but also in the waters of the Red Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean. In addition, the possibilities for realizing the views of the command on the conduct of asymmetric military operations at the operational-strategic level are increasing.

During this period, the Iranian Navy also took part in joint exercises with the navies of Saudi Arabia, Oman, Turkey, Qatar, Syria, Djibouti, in which main task there was the development of maritime theater of operations, joint actions with the navies of the participating countries in resolving issues of protecting sea lanes, search and rescue, and conducting mine warfare. In addition, the effectiveness of the new control and communications system of the Navy of the Army and the IRGC was tested.

Iranian Navy takes part in the fight against Somali pirates

Measures for the reorganization of the Navy of the Army and the IRGC provide for the unification of efforts to solve identical tasks with smaller forces and means within the geographical boundaries from the Bab el-Mandeb Strait to the Arabian Sea and the Strait of Malacca. As a result of this, the Army Navy will be able to carry out effective control water areas in the Caspian Sea, the Gulf of Oman and Indian Ocean to the coast of Pakistan, as well as increase the mobility and combat capabilities of coastal artillery systems. This will require the construction of new naval bases in the region, the disposal of old technology and the supply of modern models of weapons and military equipment. In addition, it is planned to approve large-scale programs for the modernization of existing and construction of new warships.

To increase the combat capabilities of the national navies, it is planned to adopt the latest high-speed missile and torpedo boats, as well as anti-ship missiles (ASMs). So, in 2012, 12 modern Peykaap RCAs entered the combat strength of the IRGC Navy. High tactical and technical characteristics, in particular low visibility for enemy radars, ensure their effective use in shallow water areas of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.

In addition, this component is expected to receive high-speed warships of national design, which will be equipped with anti-ship missiles with a firing range of up to 300 km, as well as a target detection radar at a distance of up to 500 km.

The modernization program provides for the signing by 2015 of a contract for the purchase of three Amur-class submarines from the Russian Federation. According to Iran's military experts, existing technologies also make it possible to build a new type of submarine at national enterprises.

Thus, the Iranian Navy today and for the foreseeable future are the most powerful in the region. Practical steps in the field of reforming and improving the naval component of the armed forces, taken by the Iranian leadership, will optimize the structure of operational formations, increase the combat capabilities of the Navy to solve the problems of ensuring the national interests of the country not only in traditional areas of responsibility, but also beyond them. The implementation of the announced targeted programs until 2025 may create prerequisites for changing the geopolitical and geostrategic situation in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, which will increase the role of Iran in the region and its capabilities to ensure national security.

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The US Navy needs to develop two options for dealing with the Iranian Navy. The reason for this is largely due to the fact that Iran has two navies that are vastly different from each other. The "classic" navy coexist with a less modern but more fanatical force that is a "branch" of the IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps - a personal army of clerics who hold supreme power in Iran). These two fleets are equipped, trained and managed very differently.

In the past thirty years, the Iranian Navy has been largely composed of foreign-built ships and vessels, and has only recently become capable of building ships on its own. These ships are unfinished, but they float and their weapons are generally functional. Surface ships are small (1,400 ton corvettes and 2,200 ton frigates) and miniature submarines are very diverse. There are only a few examples of each type, and their construction is slow, so it seems that the mistakes made in previous ships can be found and corrected. Currently, Iran's only large surface ships are three new corvettes and frigates, three old British-built frigates (1,540 tons each) and two American-built corvettes (1,100 tons each). There are also about fifty small patrol boats, ten of which are armed with Chinese anti-ship missiles. In addition, there are several dozen more minesweepers, landing ships and support vessels. The most powerful force in the fleet are three Russian Kilo-class submarines. There are about fifty mini-submarines, most of them Iranian-built. The fleet has several thousand marines and about 20 aircraft and helicopters.

The "IRGC Navy" includes about the same number of people as in the Navy (23,000, including marines and naval aviation) and about 40 large missile and torpedo boats (with a displacement of 100-200 tons each), as well as almost a thousand small boats, many of which are just boats with two outboard motors and machine gun mounts. The crews of these ships are about a dozen "guards of the revolution" armed with machine guns, machine guns and RPGs. Some boats are equipped as kamikazes and carry only a crew of two or three suicide bombers, plus half a ton or more of explosives. Anti-tank missile systems were seen on some of these boats. The Guards Fleet also has several helicopters and several thousand marines.

Information obtained from refugees and radio intercepts shows that the navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards is mainly suitable for intimidation (their boats often approach foreign ships and commercial vessels) and suicide attacks. This worries Western naval commanders, as fanatics can be unpredictable and prone to extreme bravery. We are talking not just about boats with suicide bombers, but also sea mines and combat swimmers (scuba divers who operate small mines attached to ships and making a hole in the hull). On the other hand, the chances of fanatics winning in a decisive sea battle are very low, but these maniacs are very determined, and they can sometimes get lucky.

The Iranian Navy command is made up of officers with a more traditional outlook. Western ship commanders tend to have a good professional relationship with their Iranian counterparts, even when the Iranian Navy is given orders to "make life miserable" for Western ships. When an Iranian commander "receives an order", he will carry it out, no matter how strange this order may be, but he will be apologetic (feeling guilty) in front of his foreign colleagues.

The Iranian Navy has fewer capabilities than the Islamic Revolutionary Guards simply because it has fewer ships, and existing ships have large sizes(they are easier to detect and sink). For the past decade, the navy has mainly operated in the Indian Ocean and the Caspian Sea, and the Revolutionary Guards have been made responsible for the Persian Gulf and protecting all Iranian oil installations along the coast. In fact, the Revolutionary Guards pose a great threat to Arab oil fields and tankers because the Arabs and their Western allies have air superiority and are thus capable of destroying Iranian oil fields and tankers.

The Iranians hope to pose as much of a threat at sea as possible, even if that threat (in the form of kamikaze boats and missile boats flanked by coastal anti-ship missiles) is short-lived. In a protracted war, any Iranian naval force would quickly be defeated.

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Sale of state-recognised documentation is our specialty. Ordering a diploma with delivery is not difficult. To do this, you need to follow a few simple steps:

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What our employees do

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