Russian military security doctrine. New military doctrine of the Russian Federation

This is a system of official positions and attitudes, in which directions are established for the preparation of the state and its army for possible hostilities. Each country has its own approaches to development, which may vary depending on the policy, the degree of development of the introduction of the latest achievements of science.

Definition: In fact, the military doctrine is a kind of core of the general political activity of any state and represents the interests of all institutions, civil society in general and each person individually. Although the intentions of the government can be announced not only openly, but also veiled, such a system does not provide for closed sections that citizens would not know about. As a rule, military doctrine is clearly spelled out in the following fundamental documents: general military and combat regulations, the Constitution, various legislative acts, the concept and national security.

In Russia: Russia's military doctrine is a set of official guidelines that define the economic, political and strategic foundations for ensuring the security of the state. It was formed back in the transitional period, under the influence of democratic reforms and a diversified economy and a dynamically transforming system of international relations. In 2010, new provisions were approved in Russia regarding decision-making in the event of a full-scale war, as well as local and internal armed conflicts.

In any situation, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Commander-in-Chief will do everything to protect the sovereignty and independence of the state, its territorial integrity, defeat the enemy and repel aggression. In the case of local wars, Russia declares its readiness to eliminate the hotbed of tension in a timely manner, eliminate the existing prerequisites for the conflict and prevent the resumption of hostilities.

On its territory to carry out the defeat and complete liquidation all illegal formations, and in international wars - to promote breeding opposing sides help to stabilize the situation and create conditions for a peaceful settlement. Moreover, Russia does not provide for the renunciation of the use of nuclear weapons if the enemy uses any system for the mass destruction of its citizens.

IN THE USA: The military doctrine of the United States is based on the views of the country's leadership regarding the conquest of dominance in the world, and is often aggressive. So, on January 5, 2012, a document was published, where the main political goal of the country is to support its global leadership. Its provisions define the stages of development of the US Armed Forces, clearly define their composition and structure, preliminary planning of operations, and even an approximate military budget.

This document caused criticism not only in Russia, but also in Western European states, including Germany. Although the military doctrine, the provisions of which it describes, is only a continuation of previously formulated political goals, experts are alarmed by the phrase "global leadership."

Formally, the Russian Federation is not on the list of potential opponents of the United States, but one important point can be found in the document. This is a statement about the uninterrupted access to natural resources anywhere in the world and the provision of safe opportunities for their transportation by air and water. Since the territory of Russia contains a significant amount of minerals, and due to the location of the state at the junction of Asia and Europe, the movement of goods through its territory is inevitable, such statements by the US leadership are military and civilians may be seen as a threat.

Military doctrine is usually understood as scientifically reasoned concepts of directive directives adopted in an established form for a long time, which determine the use of military forces and means for the realization of political goals, as well as the direction of military tasks and methods for their resolution, trends in military organizational development.

The doctrine is established in relation to the content, goals and characteristics of probable wars, military-political, strategic, technical, economic, legal, and others. critical aspects military policy related to the preparation of state structures for war or to repel an attack. Accepted by both individual states and state union formations.

The Russian VD establishes involvement in the military-political, military-strategic and military-economic foundations to ensure military security state, which is due to its defensive nature.

Approval of the Russian Military Doctrine

At the end of December 2014, the Security Council of the Russian Federation approved, and President Vladimir Putin approved the amendments and the updated Military Doctrine itself at that time. Due to a number of modifications in the international military-political circumstances observed in those hours, Russian leadership Appropriate steps were taken to edit the then existing documents reflecting the state defense strategy. Thus, on December 26, the main defense government document appeared in the form of an updated Military Doctrine.

By the nature of the amendments introduced then, it became known that the text of the main document remained almost unchanged. However, certain provisions of the Doctrine were transformed. So, for example, additions were made, reductions were made, and internal documentary movements were made. While the amendments did not make the document look bigger, they still had a significant impact not only on the attitude towards the Military Doctrine itself, but also on the specificity of its implementation.

The need for a Military Doctrine for the Russian Federation

The need, and not only political, for the creation of a coherent document called the "Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation" arose at the end of the last century. By that time, most developed countries there was already a system of normative documentation relating to military-political issues, fully justifying their presence. In particular, in the United States of America, this was indicated by a set of fundamental US conceptual documentation on issues that ensure national and military security.

By the way, as was customary since those distant times, it was the President who was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of many states. This was reflected in the American National Defense Strategy (analogous to the domestic VA), as well as in the National military strategy. On the basis of the latter, operational planning for the use of the Armed Forces was carried out, and the prospect of strategic and operational concepts for their use was developed.

Moreover, the United States had at its disposal a mechanism for correcting the provisions of the documentation. This was done with the help of the annual report of the Secretary of Defense to the US Congress, the American "White Paper", as well as the chairman of the Committee of Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces.

AT Russian history For the first time in 1993, the President of the Russian Federation was able to approve a document called the "Basic Provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation." Immediately before the appearance of the document, there was an extensive controversy involving the media. In addition, we held a productive military-scientific conference at the Military Academy of the General Staff. During the conference, discussed and subsequently published by the academic scientific collection theoretical foundations of military doctrine.

Theoretical Requirements of the Russian Military Doctrine

In strict accordance with theoretical requirements, the Russian Military Doctrine can answer the main questions:

• Potential adversary and methodology for preventing military conflict;
• The expected feature of an armed clash in the event of conflicts, as well as the goals and objectives that were set for the state and its armed forces in the course of their conduct;
• What military organization should be created for this, as well as the proposed directions for its development.
• Proposed forms and methods of conducting armed struggle;
• Methodology for the implementation of the preparation of the state and its military organizations for war, as well as the use of force in the event of armed conflicts.

In this regard, the subject of the Russian Military Doctrine primarily determines long-term economic state interests to be defended, the probable potential of the state in the event of an armed struggle, dependent on its economic growth, as well as the state of social and scientific and technological social improvement.

The military doctrine introduces normative, organizational and informational functions, determined by its exclusivity in the process of preparing the state and its military organizational structure to the protection and defense of national interests, taking into account the application military force.

Russian Military Doctrine: Basic Principles

The Russian Military Doctrine contains a restrained definition of the role and mission of strategic nuclear weapons, with increased attention to non-nuclear strategic deterrence as a powerful motivator in the near future.

Basic concepts

The updated document introduced a fresh concept called the "system of non-nuclear deterrence", represented by foreign policy, military and military-technical measures, comprehensively aimed at preventing aggressive actions against Russia using non-nuclear means.

Based on the Russian Military Doctrine, priority areas in military policy and in military construction, in descending order, are:

• Nuclear deterrence with a relatively high degree of force and an emphasis (if a new heavy missile is created) on first or retaliatory strike, military rail missile systems, taking into account their revival, by strategic attack submarines, with the accumulation of their potential - and as a result of a retaliatory strike;
• Aerospace defense against a massive attack by high-precision non-nuclear means by the forces of the US Army together with their allies;
• Major regional conflicts with NATO within the western, northern, southwestern borders of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries;
• Regional Far Eastern conflict;
• Territorial conflict with Japan;
• Reflection single missile strikes, provocative or random (by the missile defense system in the Moscow region);
• Local conflicts and intrastate peacekeeping operations along the perimeter of Russian state borders, as well as on the territory of the post-Soviet space;
• Actions in the Arctic region and countering piracy in the Indian Ocean.

The content of the updated Russian Military Doctrine

There were no changes in the classification of wars and military conflicts. Some military experts expressed regret that even the updated document still does not give a clear definition of the concept of "war", and such uncertainties, apart from all sorts of distortions, have not yet led to anything good.

Some experts back in 2016 offered their own interpretation of the term “war”. Here is one of them. War can be called higher form resolution of fundamental interstate contradictions among coalitions of states, social groups of the population of one of the states with the use of high-intensity armed violence, which may be accompanied by other types of confrontations (for example, political-economic, informational, psychological, etc.) to win the stipulated political goals.

In an environment of constantly changing geopolitical conditions, it seems relevant to exclude simplified approaches to the classification of wars based on one or two criteria. There is a need for consistency in approaches using several criteria, for example, from the following.

According to the technological level of development of the warring parties:

• War of technologically underdeveloped states;
• War of technologically advanced states;
• By mixed type: the war of highly developed and underdeveloped states.

By applying the strategy to achieve the goals:

• Warfare using a strategy to crush the enemy, mostly physically;
• War using the strategy of indirect influences. These can be measures to destabilize the politics and economy of states, to organize situations within states, the so-called "controlled chaos", for indirect or direct military support of the armed opposition forces in order to gain power by the necessary political forces;
• Mixed type: hybrid war"- a war that combines at different stages a complex of strategies, both crushing and indirect influences.

According to the scale of the use of armed violence, a war can be:

• Local;
• Regional;
• large scale.

According to the use of means of armed struggle, war can be:

• Nuclear;
• Using the full potential of WMD (weapons of mass destruction);
• Using exclusively conventional weapons;
• With the massive use of weapons with new physical principles.

In relation to the norms of international law, war can be:

• Fair - to protect independence, sovereignty, national interests;
• Unfair - falling under international classification"aggression".

According to the composition of the participants in an armed confrontation, a war can be:

• Among the two states;
• Among coalitions of states;
• Among the coalition and one state;
• Civil.

The updated Russian Military Doctrine has improved the concepts of local, regional and large-scale wars.

A local war is a war that can pursue a limited military-political goal. fighting are conducted within the opposing states and affect mainly the interests of these states exclusively (territorial, economic, political, and others). Under certain circumstances, local wars can develop into regional or even large-scale ones.

A regional war is a war in which several states represented in the same region take part. It can be conducted with the involvement of national or coalition armed forces. In the process of its implementation, the parties usually pursue military-political goals that are significant for them.

A large-scale war is a war among coalitions of states or largest states in the global community. Such wars are unleashed by the parties, as a rule, to pursue radical military-political goals.

The classification of armed conflicts has not changed. The doctrine proposes to call them internal and international.

Military doctrine of the Russian Federation: military threats to the country

The second section of the document saw the biggest changes. Mainly, it notes the obvious increase in the level of tension in the most diverse spheres of interstate and interregional interactions against the backdrop of general complications in the international situation. This is due to increased global competition and rivalry, unstable processes of economic development, as well as processes of redistribution of influence on the pace of world development in favor of new centers of power. The tendencies to shift military threats towards the information space and the internal sphere of the Russian Federation are also recognized as dangerous. It was immediately noted that in some directions the military danger for Russian state intensifies.

Sources of external military danger

The new edition of the Military Doctrine concretizes the sources of external military danger, as explained by the National Security Strategy, in a manner consistent with the emerging trend in the development of military-political circumstances.

Sources of external military danger may be:

• First of all, the growing power potential and the deployment of the NATO bloc in the east, the proximity of its military infrastructures to Russian borders;
• Shaking the situation in individual countries or regions.

The deployment of military groups by foreign states (including armed international radical groups and foreign private military companies) in the territories adjacent to Russia, in the adjacent waters, seems dangerous. These sources include the undermining of global stability by the creation and deployment of strategic missile defense systems, as well as the militarization of outer space. In addition, another new source has been added. This is deployment and blackmail by strategic non-nuclear systems with high-precision weapons to implement the theory of so-called "rapid global strikes".

Direct external military danger to the Russian Federation

A direct external military threat to Russia can be:

• Territorial claims both to itself and to its allied countries;
• Interference in their internal affairs;
• Armed conflicts in states adjacent to Russia;
• Spread of weapons of mass destruction, missile technologies, or the missiles themselves;
• An increase in the number of states that have nuclear weapons;
• Self-proliferation of international terrorism.

The essence of new dangers lies in the establishment in the states adjacent to the Russian Federation with foreign aid regimes unfriendly to it, as well as in the subversive activities of special services or unions foreign countries, and their coalitions against the Russian state.

The main internal military dangers for Russia

The main internal military dangers of the Russian Military Doctrine are:

• Efforts to forcibly change the constitutional order in the Russian Federation;
• Destabilization of internal political and social conditions in the state;
• Disorganization in the normal functioning of public authorities, especially important state or military facilities, as well as the information component in the state.

Of particular concern are terrorist organizations, their information impact on the population, in order to undermine the historical, spiritual and patriotic traditions in the field of protecting the Fatherland, as well as incitement to create a hotbed of interethnic or social tension, inciting ethnic and religious contradictions.

When certain conditions are created, military dangers can become targeted, which can lead to specific military threats.

Russian military doctrine: the main threats to the Russian Federation

The main threats of the Military Doctrine are:

• Sharp exacerbations in the military-political situation (interstate relations);
• Creation of conditions for the use of military force;
• Creation of obstacles for the operation of the systems of state and military administration of the Russian Federation;
• Disturbances in the smooth operation of the Russian strategic nuclear forces, early warning systems for missile attacks, control over outer space. In addition, in places where nuclear weapons are stored, at nuclear power plants, at facilities with a high potential hazard, including the nuclear and chemical industries.

In addition, the following can be recognized as military threats:

• Organization and b / training of illegal militarized formations, their activities on Russian territory or the territory of the state allied to Russia;
• Demonstration military power when conducting military exercises on the border with the Russian territories.

The threat of increased activity in the armed forces of some states (separate groups of states), which can carry out partial or complete mobilization, transfer state and military administration bodies of these countries to work in wartime conditions, can be considered important.

Specificity of military conflicts of our days

The same section of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation talks about salient features and features of modern military conflicts.

Mainly:

• Integrated use of military forces, non-military forces and means by the protest potential of the population and special operations forces;
• The massive use of current weapons systems and military equipment, as well as those based on new physical laws and commensurate in effectiveness with nuclear weapons;
• Special impact on the enemy throughout the depth of his territory synchronously throughout the global information space, aerospace, land and sea;
• Selective destruction of objects with a high degree, swift maneuvering of troops (forces) and fire, use of a wide variety of mobile military groupings;
• Reduced time parameters in preparation for hostilities;
• Increased centralization and automation of command and control of troops and weapons during the transition from a strict vertical command and control system to a global network automated command and control system of troops and weapons;
• Formation of a stable functioning area of ​​military operations in the dispositions of the opposing sides.

However, new is:

• The use of irregular armed formations and private military companies in military operations;
• Use of indirect and asymmetric methods of influence;
• Use of externally funded and controlled political forces and social movements.

Military policy of the Russian state

The third, main section of the Military Doctrine clarifies issues related to Russian military policy. The concept of “military policy” is proposed by the document to be considered as state activity connected with the organization and implementation of the defense and security of the Russian state, including the interests of its allied states.

The directions of military policy are clearly defined. This is the policy:

• Deterrence and prevention of military conflicts;
• Improvements military organization states;
• Improving the forms and methods of using the Armed Forces, other troops and organizations;
• Increased readiness to ensure reliable defense and security of the Russian Federation and its allied states.

The updated Military Doctrine unambiguously states that the nuclear weapons in service with the RF Armed Forces can be considered primarily as a deterrent.

In this regard, the Russian Federation defends the right to use nuclear weapons as a response to the use of nuclear and other types of WMD against it and its allies, as well as on the fact of aggression against Russia using conventional weapons, if this threatens the very existence of the state, as such. .

The third section also reflects the use of military organizations. Military doctrine affirms the lawful use of force in repulsing aggression, maintaining (restoring) peace, and also in providing protection. Russian citizens that are outside the state. The use of the Armed Forces or other organizations must be carried out with full determination, purposefulness and an integrated approach, taking into account preliminary and ongoing analysis of military-political and military-strategic circumstances and the requirements of international law.

There were definitions of the main tasks of the military organization of the state in a peaceful period, with an increase in the threat of aggression, as well as in a period of wartime. It should be noted that in the updated Military Doctrine, the readiness to ensure Russian national interests in the Arctic was added to the peacetime tasks.

During periods of increased threat of aggression, the “strategic deployment of the Armed Forces” was added to the tasks.

The following were added to a number of main tasks in the development of the military organization:

• Development of mobilization bases and provision of mobilization deployments of the Armed Forces or other organizations;
• Improving methods for staffing and training mobilization human reserves and resources;
• Improvement of the RCBZ system.

Mobilization preparation

The difference from the previous texts of the doctrine is that in the fourth section of the updated VD of the Russian Federation a lot of attention was paid to mobilization training and readiness.

The doctrine determines that the purpose of mobilization training is the preparation of the state, its Armed Forces and other organizations to ensure the protection of the state from armed attacks, as well as the satisfaction of state needs and the needs of the population during wartime.

This demonstrates that the President of the Russian Federation attaches importance to the increase in the likely involvement of our state in the process of a large-scale war. This may require the total mobilization of many human and state forces.

Military and economic support

In the fifth section of the RF VD, everything is devoted to the military-economic support of defense. The most important goals are:

• Formation of conditions for sustainability in the development and maintenance of the potential of military-economic and military-technical capabilities in the state at the level that is required for the implementation of this military policy.

The main tasks of the military-economic support of defense

The tasks for the military-economic support of defense can be:

• Equipping the Armed Forces with weapons, military and special equipment;
• Providing the Armed Forces and other organizations with material resources.

In addition, the updated Military Doctrine specifies the tasks for the development of the Defense Industrial Complex, priorities, as well as the tasks of military-political cooperation.

In conclusion, it can be noted that the text of the updated version of the Russian B/doctrine indicates clear guidelines for the procedure, methods and forms for the use of the military power of the state. It thoroughly justifies the necessary protection of sovereignty, territorial integrity, the constitutional system, the national interests of the Russian state. Indicates the fulfillment of obligations to the allies, international partnership, resolution of military conflicts. The doctrine determines the priorities of military development and the formation of the RF Armed Forces.

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The strategy is aimed at ensuring counteraction to challenges and threats economic security, as well as to prevent a decrease in the quality of life of the population.

The TASS-DOSIER editors have prepared material on the complex legal acts (doctrines and strategies) adopted in Russia related to security in various areas. So far, five such documents have been adopted. Since 2014, such legal acts have been approved within the framework of the law "On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation" dated June 28, 2014.

Economic security strategy

The first State Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation was adopted by decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin on April 29, 1996. The document singled out four main threats to economic security: impoverishment and property stratification population; structure deformity Russian economy(including the strengthening of the fuel and raw materials sector); uneven development of regions; criminalization of society.

The new document dated May 13, 2017 already identifies 25 challenges and threats, including increased structural imbalances in the global economy, discriminatory measures against key sectors of the Russian economy, and weak innovation activity.

Information Security Doctrine

On September 9, 2000, Russian President Vladimir Putin approved the first version of the Doctrine information security. The document described the system of official views on ensuring the national security of the state in the information sphere.

The doctrine identified four types of threats to information security: threats to constitutional rights and freedoms in the field of spiritual life and information life; threats information support public policy; threats to the development of the domestic information industry; security threats information systems generally.

The new Doctrine of Information Security was adopted by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin dated December 5, 2016. The document has already identified 10 types of threats. In particular, a number of foreign countries are building up the possibilities of information and technical influence on the information infrastructure for military purposes; discrimination Russian media abroad; growth of scales of computer crime; the use of information impact mechanisms by terrorist and extremist organizations, etc.

National Security Strategy

The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020 was approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev dated May 12, 2009, replacing the National Security Concept of the Russian Federation, which has become invalid. This is the base document strategic planning, which determines the national interests and strategic national priorities of the country, the tasks of internal and foreign policy aimed at strengthening national security and sustainable development.

The concept of "national interests" was defined in the document as the need to ensure the security and sustainable development of the individual, society and the state. Among the factors threatening national interests were listed "recurrences of unilateral approaches in international relations", uncontrolled and illegal migration, epidemics, depletion of energy resources, an increase in the number of countries with nuclear weapons, etc.

The new version of the National Security Strategy was approved by the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin on December 31, 2015. The following are named as national interests: strengthening the country's defense, ensuring the inviolability of the constitutional order; strengthening national consensus; improving the quality of life; preservation and development of culture, traditional Russian spiritual and moral values; increasing competitiveness national economy; securing for Russia the status of one of the leading world powers.

The document noted that in recent years Russia has demonstrated the ability to ensure sovereignty, but it is threatened by the build-up of NATO's power potential, the spread of the practice of overthrowing legitimate political regimes, etc.

Doctrine of food security

The Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation was approved by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on January 30, 2010 and is currently in effect. It fixes the goals, objectives and main directions of the state economic policy in this region.

In particular, the concept of food independence was introduced - the state of the economy in which the production of vital food products for the year is not less than 80% of the needs of the population in them. At the same time, it is planned that the supply of fish products and sugar should be provided by a domestic producer at least 80%, meat - at least 85%, milk and dairy products - at least 90%, grain - at least 95%.

The document develops the provisions of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020.

Environmental Safety Strategy

The Environmental Security Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025 was approved on April 19, 2017 and is currently in effect. She replaced the State Strategy of the Russian Federation for the protection environment and ensuring sustainable development (approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin of February 4, 1994).

The document develops the provisions of the National Security Strategy, evaluates Current state environmental security in Russia, highlights the main global and domestic threats. In list global threats- the consequences of climate change on the planet, the growth of consumption of natural resources, the reduction of biodiversity. Internal calls - high degree soil, water, air pollution; low level of environmental education and culture; insufficient funding for environmental activities.

The protection of Russia's national interests in the military sphere is decided primarily by the military organization of the state, which represents a set of state and military administration bodies, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as allocated parts of the scientific and industrial complexes, the joint activity of which is aimed to ensure defense and military security, to protect the vital interests of the state.

The main task of the military organization of the Russian Federation is the implementation of deterrence in the interests of preventing aggression of any scale, including the use of nuclear weapons against Russia and its allies.

Basic principles of ensuring military security:

A combination of firm centralized leadership of the military organization of the state with civilian control of its activities;

The effectiveness of forecasting, the timeliness of the opening and classification of military threats, the adequacy of the response to them;

Sufficiency of forces, means and resources necessary to ensure military security, their rational use;

Compliance with the level of readiness, training and provision of the military organization of the state with the needs of military security;

Non-damage to international security and national security of other countries.

The basis of the military organization of the state is the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Changed foreign policy situation recent years, the new priorities for ensuring national security have set completely different tasks for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which can be structured in four main areas:

Deterrence of military and military-political threats to the security or interests of the Russian Federation.

Ensuring the economic and political interests of the Russian Federation.

Implementation of military operations in peacetime.

Use of military force.

The peculiarities of the development of the military-political situation in the world make it possible for the fulfillment of one task to grow into another, since the most problematic military-political situations from the point of view of the security of the Russian Federation are complex and multifaceted.

Containment of military and military-political threats to the security or interests of the Russian Federation is ensured by:

timely detection of threatening developments in the military-political situation, preparation of an armed attack on the Russian Federation and (or) its allies;

maintaining the composition, condition, combat and mobilization readiness and training of strategic nuclear forces, forces and means that ensure their functioning and use, as well as control systems at a level that guarantees the infliction of the specified damage to the aggressor in any conditions;

maintenance of combat potential, combat and mobilization readiness and training of groupings of general-purpose troops (forces) in peacetime at a level that ensures the repulsion of aggression on a local scale;

maintaining readiness for strategic deployment as part of government measures to transfer the country to wartime conditions.

Use of military force to ensure the security of the Russian Federation

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are preparing for direct participation in the following types of military conflicts:

 Armed conflict.

 Local war.

 Regional war.

 Large-scale war.

At the same time, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must be able to:

AT Peaceful time and in emergency situations, while maintaining the potential of strategic deterrence and performing the tasks of maintaining combat readiness, troops (forces) of constant readiness, without carrying out additional mobilization measures, successfully solve tasks simultaneously in two armed conflicts of any type, as well as carry out peacekeeping operations both independently and as part of multinational contingents.

In the event of an aggravation of the military-political and military-strategic situation, to ensure the strategic deployment of the RF Armed Forces and contain the escalation of the situation through the forces of strategic deterrence and maneuver by forces of constant readiness.

In wartime - to repel an enemy aerospace attack with available forces, and after a full-scale strategic deployment - to solve problems simultaneously in two local wars without the use of nuclear weapons.

The Russian Federation intends to resolutely and firmly strengthen its national security, relying both on historical experience and on the positive experience of the country's democratic development. Created legal democratic institutions, the established structure of state authorities of the Russian Federation, the broad participation of political parties and public associations in the development of a strategy for ensuring national security, they make it possible to ensure the national security of the Russian Federation and its progressive development in the 21st century.

Military doctrine is a system of views adopted in the state on the essence, goals, nature of a possible future war, on the preparation of the country and the armed forces for it, and on the methods of its conduct.

Structurally, this document consists of an introduction, three sections (I. Political foundations of military doctrine; II.. Military foundations of military doctrine; III Military-technical and economic fundamentals military doctrine) and conclusions.

The introduction notes that the distinctive features of the current stage in the life of Russia, called "transitional", are:

1. The formation of Russian statehood.

2. Implementation of democratic reforms

3. Formation of a new system of international relations.

Based on this, the military doctrine of our country reflects the official views of the state:

1. To prevent wars and armed conflicts;

2. For military construction;

3. to prepare the country for defense;

4. On the organization of counteraction to threats to military security. sovereigns

5. To use the Armed Forces and other troops of the country to protect the vital interests of the Russian Federation.

The main existing and potential sources of military danger for the Russian Federation from outside:

Territorial claims of other countries,

Hotbeds of local wars and conflicts (especially close to our borders),

Ability to use weapons of mass destruction

Spreading this weapon

Violation of international agreements

Attempts to interfere in the internal affairs of Russia;

Suppression of rights, freedoms, interests of Russians in other countries;

Attack on military facilities of the Russian Armed Forces abroad,

Expansion of military blocs to the detriment of Russia;

International terrorism

Main internal sources military threat:

Illegal activities of nationalist and other organizations aimed at destabilizing the situation in Russia,

Attempts to violently overthrow the constitutional order;

Attack on nuclear power facilities and other potentially hazardous facilities;

Creation of illegal armed formations,

The rise of organized crime

Attack on arsenals, weapons depots and other military establishments;

Distribution of weapons, ammunition and drugs in Russia.

The main directions of ensuring the military security of Russia

Maintaining the Armed Forces in a combat-ready, safe condition.

Agreements with other states on the refusal to use military force;

Cooperation with various bodies of collective security,

Improving the system of control over the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery,

Approval and expansion of spheres of influence of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,

Expansion of confidence-building measures in the military field,

Implementation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe of 19.11.90.

Military foundations of military doctrine:

The main goal of using the Armed Forces and other troops of Russia in armed conflicts and local wars is to localize the source and stop hostilities at their early stage.

Conflicts can escalate into large-scale wars.

Tasks are assigned to the Armed Forces.

Timely disclosure of the threat of attack on the country and a report on this to the top leadership of the state,

Maintaining nuclear forces at the level necessary for defense,

Ensuring the deployment of the Armed Forces,

Protection of land, air and sea borders.

The army is led by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces - the President of the Russian Federation (executes general leadership).

Responsible for the state of the Armed Forces - the government The direct leadership of the Armed Forces is exercised by the Minister of Defense.

Operational management is carried out by the General Staff.

Tasks of the Armed Forces in case of aggression against Russia:

Repulse of enemy air, land and sea strikes,

Defeating the enemy

Work together with allies

Chapter 4. President of the Russian Federation

Article 80

1. The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state.

2. The President of the Russian Federation is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. In accordance with the procedure established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, he takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of state authorities.

3. The President of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, determines the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state.

4. The President of the Russian Federation, as head of state, represents the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations.

Article 81

1. The President of the Russian Federation is elected for six years by the citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.

2. A citizen of the Russian Federation not younger than 35 years of age who has permanently resided in the Russian Federation for at least 10 years may be elected President of the Russian Federation.

3. The same person cannot hold the office of the President of the Russian Federation for more than two consecutive terms.

4. The procedure for electing the President of the Russian Federation is determined by federal law.

Article 82

1. Upon taking office, the President of the Russian Federation takes the following oath to the people:
"I swear, when exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and protect the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state, to faithfully serve the people."

2. The oath is taken in a solemn ceremony in the presence of members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma and judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

Article 83



a) appoints, with the consent of the State Duma, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;

b) has the right to chair meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation;

c) decide on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation;

d) submit to the State Duma a candidate for appointment to the post of Chairman Central Bank Russian Federation; puts before State Duma the issue of dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

e) on the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, appoints and dismisses the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, federal ministers;

f) submit to the Federation Council candidates for appointment to the positions of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Arbitration Court the Russian Federation, as well as the candidacy of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation; submits to the Federation Council a proposal to dismiss the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation; appoints judges of other federal courts;

g) forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the status of which is determined by federal law;

h) approve the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;

i) forms the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation;

j) appoint and dismiss authorized representatives of the President of the Russian Federation;

k) appoint and dismiss the high command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;

l) appoints and recalls, after consultations with the relevant committees or commissions of the chambers of the Federal Assembly, the diplomatic representatives of the Russian Federation in foreign states and international organizations.

Article 84

President of Russian Federation:

a) calls elections to the State Duma in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal law;

b) dissolve the State Duma in the cases and in the manner prescribed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation;

c) calls a referendum in accordance with the procedure established by the federal constitutional law;

d) submit bills to the State Duma;

e) signs and promulgates federal laws;

f) addresses the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the country, on the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state.

Article 85

1. The President of the Russian Federation may use conciliation procedures to resolve disagreements between state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as between state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In case of failure to reach an agreed solution, he may refer the dispute to the appropriate court.

2. The President of the Russian Federation shall have the right to suspend the acts of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the event that these acts conflict with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, international obligations Russian Federation or violation of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen until this issue is resolved by the appropriate court.

Article 86

President of Russian Federation:

a) leads foreign policy Russian Federation;

b) negotiates and signs international treaties of the Russian Federation;

c) signs the instruments of ratification;

d) accept letters of credence and recall from diplomatic representatives accredited to him.

Article 87

1. The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

2. In the event of aggression against the Russian Federation or an immediate threat of aggression, the President of the Russian Federation shall introduce martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual areas with an immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and the State Duma.

3. The regime of martial law is determined by the federal constitutional law.

Article 88

The President of the Russian Federation, under the circumstances and in the manner prescribed by the federal constitutional law, introduces a state of emergency on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual localities with an immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and the State Duma.

Article 89

President of Russian Federation:

a) resolves issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation and granting political asylum;

b) rewards state awards Russian Federation, assigns honorary titles of the Russian Federation, higher military and higher special ranks;

c) grants pardon.

Article 90

1. The President of the Russian Federation issues decrees and orders.

2. Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation are binding on the entire territory of the Russian Federation.

3. Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation must not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.

Article 91

The President of the Russian Federation enjoys immunity.

Article 92

1. The President of the Russian Federation begins to exercise his powers from the moment he takes the oath and terminates their exercise with the expiration of his tenure in office from the moment the newly elected President of the Russian Federation takes the oath.

2. The President of the Russian Federation terminates the exercise of his powers ahead of schedule in the event of his resignation, persistent inability for health reasons to exercise his powers, or removal from office. At the same time, the election of the President of the Russian Federation must be held no later than three months from the date of early termination of the exercise of powers.

3. In all cases when the President of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill his duties, they are temporarily performed by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Acting President of the Russian Federation does not have the right to dissolve the State Duma, call a referendum, or make proposals for amendments and revision of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Article 93

1. The President of the Russian Federation may be removed from office by the Federation Council only on the basis of an accusation brought by the State Duma of treason or committing another grave crime, confirmed by the conclusion of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the presence of signs of a crime in the actions of the President of the Russian Federation and the conclusion of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on compliance with the established procedure for bringing charges.

2. The decision of the State Duma to bring charges and the decision of the Federation Council to remove the President from office must be adopted by two-thirds of the votes of the total number in each of the chambers on the initiative of at least one-third of the deputies of the State Duma and subject to the conclusion of a special commission formed by the State Duma.

3. The decision of the Federation Council to remove the President of the Russian Federation from office must be taken no later than three months after the State Duma charges against the President. If within this period the decision of the Federation Council is not adopted, the accusation against the President is considered dismissed.