World Bank in Central Asia. World Bank for Reconstruction and Development presentation prepared by students Presentation on the World Bank

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The World Bank is an international financial organization established to organize financial and technical assistance to developing countries.

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History of creation

The World Bank is one of two large financial institutions (along with the International Monetary Fund) created as a result of the Bretton Woods conference held in the United States in 1944 Delegates from 45 countries, including representatives Soviet Union, discussed issues of economic recovery and the organization of the world economy after the Second World War. In the early stages of its activity from 1945 to 1968, the World Bank did not actively lend due to increased requirements for borrowers. Under the leadership of the bank's first president, John McCloy, France was selected as the first borrower, with a $250 million loan. Since 1989, the policy of the World Bank has undergone significant changes under the influence of criticism from various non-governmental organizations, in particular those associated with the protection of environment. As a result, the range of loans provided for various purposes expanded.

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Targets and goals

The goals of the World Bank are to promote sustainable globalization for the benefit of all segments of the population, reduce poverty, accelerate economic growth without harming the environment, and create new opportunities for people and instill hope in them. Robert B. Zoellick, President of the World Bank

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At present, in accordance with the Millennium Declaration, the World Bank has focused its activities on achieving the Millennium Development Goals. In the transition period to the third millennium, under the auspices of the UN, eight goals were formulated, towards the achievement of which the efforts of international organizations should be directed. The Millennium Development Goals are to be achieved by 2015 and include the following: elimination of poverty and hunger; ensuring universal primary education; promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women; reducing child mortality; improving maternal health; combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; ensuring sustainable development of the environment; building a global partnership for development.

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Types and directions of activity

Two closely related institutions within the World Bank - international bank reconstruction and development (IBRD) and International Association Development (IDA) - provide loans at low interest rates, at zero interest or in the form of grants to countries that do not have access to international markets capital or having such access on unfavorable terms. Unlike other financial institutions, the World Bank does not seek profit. IBRD operates on a market basis, enjoys its high credit rating, which allows it to receive funds at low interest rates in order to provide loans to its clients from among developing countries also at low interest rates. The operating expenses associated with this activity are covered by the Bank on its own, without using external sources of financing for this. Every three years, the World Bank Group develops a framework document: the World Bank Group Operations Strategy, which is used as the basis for cooperation with the country. The strategy helps to align the bank's lending programs as well as analytical and advisory services with the specific development goals of each borrowing country. The strategy includes projects and programs that can have the maximum impact on solving the problem of poverty and contribute to dynamic socio-economic development. Prior to submission to the World Bank Board of Directors, the strategy is discussed with the government of the borrowing country and other stakeholders.

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Directions (fields) of activity

The activities of the World Bank cover wide area Activities: Poverty Problems Food Supply Problems Agriculture, forestry and development of other sectors of the economy related to land use The problem of fighting AIDS in developing countries Fighting corruption Fighting the spread of viral diseases Fighting malaria Problems of childhood and youth The problem of child exploitation Problems of energy development, access to sources and the search for new sources of energy

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Economic policy and debt problems of developing countries Development of development strategies Problems of investment in developing countries Problems of education Problems of the environment Problems of climate change and its impact on people's lives Strategic objectives for the development of mankind and individual regions Problems of economic growth, taxation, debt Financial crisis Development of the banking system, financial markets, payment systems Globalization Rising prices, problems of donor countries Urbanization Municipal finances Heritage preservation problems Transport Trade Water supply and sewerage problems Publications, seminars Gender problems Migration problems Gas, oil Mining Internet and communications Law and development Development of the private sector of the economy

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12/9/20132 What is the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was established after a 44-country conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA, in July 1944. The original mission is the reconstruction of Europe after the Second World War

12/9/20133 First World Bank Borrowers France was the first country to borrow a million dollars in 1947 to finance reconstruction after the war Many donor countries such as Austria, Australia, Denmark, Italy, Korea, Greece were also borrowers .

12/9/20134 Loan France

12/9/20135 Loan Netherlands

12/9/20138 What is the WB doing today? One of the world's largest sources of development assistance In fiscal year 2007, the World Bank provided $23.6 billion in loans and borrowings to developing countries Growing demand for the Bank's analytical and advisory services Works in more than 100 developing countries The main goal is to improve living standards, reduce poverty and inequality, addressing emerging development challenges.

12/9/ Borrowers

12/9/ Top Borrowers in Fiscal Year 2007 Country$ millions% of total India3, Argentina1, China1, Indonesia1, Turkey1, Colombia1, Pakistan Nigeria Viet Nam African Regional Projects Total13,

12/9/ The Bank's Objectives Provide financial capital and technical assistance Invest in people Promote economic reforms Strengthen client capacity Stimulate private sector development Protect the environment Fight corruption The ultimate goal is to reduce poverty and promote economic growth

12/9/ World Bank Agencies International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Development Association (IDA) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) World Bank Group

12/9/ International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) Founded in 1945; 184 member countries; Provides loans to low- and middle-income countries; Analytical services and technical assistance; Borrowers are charged interest at market rates; 3-5 year grace period; Maturity on loans years;

12/9/ International Finance Corporation (IFC) Founded in 1956; 179 member countries Provides loans to the private sector Charges borrowers interest at market rates Can fund equity Equity funded by IFC equity

12/9/ International Development Association (IDA) Founded in 1960; 164 member countries Analytical services and technical assistance Provides loans the poorest countries Loans (called loans) with zero interest rate 10-year grace period Loan maturity up to 40 years More grants than loans

12/9/ Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Founded in 1988; 159 member countries Provides foreign investors with guarantees against losses associated with risks of a non-commercial nature. Technical Assistance Funded by membership and subscription fees

12/9/ International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Founded in 1966; 134 Member Countries Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Services

12/9/ Who owns the Bank Group? The Bank is owned by member countries (shareholders) Major shareholders

12/9/ Who Governs the World Bank Group? n 185 Members appoint their own Governors n Governors delegate specific responsibilities to 24 Executive Directors n The President of the World Bank reports to the Board of Executive Directors Office of the President Board of Executive Directors Board of Governors

12/9/ Sources of Funds for Bank Loans and Credits Contributions from Governments IBRD raises funds in financial markets (and provides them at rates lower than those of commercial banks) IDA loans and grants to the world's poorest countries are funded primarily by contributions from donors, and additional funds come from IBRD revenues and loan repayments.

$875 and $875 and 23 12/9/ Two different sources Funding: IBRD and IDA IBRD Founded 1945 IDA 1960 Eligible Countries for Financing GDP per Capita > $875 and $875 and $875 and $875 and $875 and title="(!LANG:12/9/201323 Two Different Funding Sources: IBRD and IDA Year IBRD founded 1945 IDA 1960 Eligible countries GDP per capita > $875 and

12/9/ IBRD/IDA lending activity by sector 2007 fiscal year Transport 14% Industry and trade 7% Agriculture 7% Financial sector 10% Energy and mining industry 13% Water supply, sewerage and flood protection 7% Public administration, law and justice 25% Information and telecommunications technology >1% Education 8% Health and social services 9% 1% Education 8% Health and Social Services 9%">

12/9/ World Bank Group staff Overall, the Bank staff is about 55% of staff at headquarters and in the field Representatives of 177 nationalities Representatives of developing countries

3. World Bank Group (WB). The World Bank Group is a specialized agency of the United Nations. The Group includes the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and four international financial institutions established by it: - International Development Association (IDA); - International Finance Corporation (IFC); - Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MAGAI); - International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). IBRD, IDA, IFC jointly perform the functions of a development bank. MIGA and ICSID promote investment in developing countries.

Slide 25 from the presentation "International Financial Institutions" to the lessons of economics on the topic " International organizations»

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International organizations

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