Presentation on the topic of international organizations. International organizations for the protection and development of human rights and fundamental freedoms

International intergovernmental organizations (IMGOs) are permanent associations of states created on the basis of an international treaty in order to promote the solution of the issues specified in the treaty. international problems. International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) permanent associations of national unions, associations, non-governmental societies to achieve common goals in the field of health, culture, education, science and technology, charity, etc.

The main objectives of the UN When joining the UN, the state assumes the obligations set forth in the Charter, which reflects the principles international relations and the main purposes of the UN: to maintain international peace and security; develop friendly relations between nations; to carry out international cooperation in solving international problems; to encourage respect for human rights and to be a center for the concerted action of nations in the pursuit of these common goals.

UN headquarters in New York (USA) The United Nations is not a world government and does not make laws, but it has powerful levers for resolving political conflicts: troops, funds generated from contributions participating countries. According to the UN Charter, member countries that are in arrears in the payment of monetary contributions are deprived of the right to vote in the General Assembly.

General Assembly All members of the UN are represented in it, each state has one vote. Decisions on important issues such as maintenance international peace and security, the admission of new members or the approval of the budget of the United Nations, including the budgets for peacekeeping operations, are taken by majority vote. Decisions on other issues are taken by a simple majority of votes. The Assembly's recommendations are a reflection of world public opinion.

The Security Council is responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security and may be convened at any time when there is a threat to the peace. The Council consists of 15 members. Five of them are China, Russian Federation, UK, USA and France are permanent members. The remaining 10 members of the Council are elected by the General Assembly for two years on regional quotas five seats for Asia and Africa, one for Eastern Europe, two for Latin America, two for Western Europe. Decisions of the Council are considered adopted when the votes of nine of its members are cast in favor of them. However, a decision cannot be taken even if one of the permanent members votes against, i.e., uses his veto. Council decisions are binding on all Member States.

The Economic and Social Council coordinates the activities of the UN and its agencies in the economic and social fields, in international cooperation. Five regional commissions promote economic development and strengthening economic relations in their regions.

The Trusteeship Council was established to provide international oversight of 11 Trust Territories administered by seven Member States. By 1995, all of the Trust Territories had become self-governing or independent, either as independent states or by joining neighboring independent states. The work of the Council has been largely completed to date, it is planned to transform the Trusteeship Council into a forum for the protection environment planets.

International Court. The Court is the main judicial body of the UN and deals with the settlement of disputes between states. The Secretariat conducts the operational and administrative work of the United Nations as directed General Assembly, Security Council and other bodies. It is headed General Secretary which recruits the staff necessary for the operation of the Organization and provides general administrative direction. In 2007, the Secretariat consisted of nine departments and a number of offices, employing 8,700 people from almost 160 countries

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Established in 1949 to counter the threat of communism By 2008, 26 nations became NATO members: In 1999, three new members joined NATO, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. In 2004, there were seven Eastern European countries in NATO: Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The headquarters of the governing bodies is located in Brussels (Belgium).

Objectives In accordance with the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949, NATO's goal is "to enhance stability and prosperity in the North Atlantic region." "The participating countries joined their efforts in order to create a collective defense and maintain peace and security." 1949 In general, the bloc was created to "repel the Soviet threat." In the words of First Secretary General Ismay Hastings, the purpose of NATO's creation is "... to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans under." critical tasks NATO Collective Defense, Crisis Management and Cooperative Security.2010

Universal Postal Union Founded in 1874. 1874 Interstate organization to ensure and improve postal communications on the single postal territory formed by the Universal Postal Union.

Objectives Establishing uniform international postal communications and facilitating the exchange of international mail through the Universal Postal Convention and supplementary agreements. Establishment of tariffs for international mail (including transit costs). Tariffs for transit Settlement contentious issues between members of the union.

UPU bodies Universal Postal Congress (supreme body). congress It is convened every four years, at which all member states of the union are represented on an equal footing. The XXIV Universal Postal Congress was held from July 23 to August 12, 2008 in Geneva (Switzerland). The Council of Administration (formerly the Executive Council) . which is the Russian Post (represented by the Head of the Directorate of Financial Services Avdyukov V.V.) International Bureau as a permanent secretariat and management body in Bern. ) and EMS (international express mail delivery service). TelematicsEMS express mail delivery

It was formed in 1991 to coordinate cooperation and provide a mechanism for the civilized collapse of the USSR. The CIS includes 12 member countries, former republics of the USSR, located in Europe and Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine. The headquarters is located in Minsk (Belarus) and Moscow (Russia).

Objectives cooperation in the political, economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural and other fields; comprehensive development of the participating states within the framework of the common economic space, interstate cooperation and integration; common economic space ensuring human rights and freedoms; cooperation in ensuring international peace and security, achieving general and complete disarmament; mutual legal assistance; peace resolution disputes and conflicts between member states of the organization.

Structural subdivisions: Council of CIS Heads of State Council of CIS Heads of Government Council of CIS Foreign Ministers Council of CIS Defense Ministers Council of CIS Joint Armed Forces Council of Commanders border troops CIS Interstate Economic Council of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS Economic Court Interstate Statistical Committee Commission on Human Rights, etc.
May 15 On May 15, 1992, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan signed an agreement in Tashkent on collective security(DKB). Azerbaijan signed the agreement on September 24, 1993, Georgia on September 9, 1993, Belarus on December 31, 1993. At the Moscow session of the Collective Security Treaty on May 14, 2002, it was decided to transform the Collective Security Treaty Organization into a full-fledged international organization, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).

Goals The task of the CSTO is to protect the territorial and economic space of the countries participating in the treaty by the joint efforts of the armies and auxiliary units from any external military-political aggressors, international terrorists, as well as from large-scale natural disasters.

Structure of the CSTO The supreme body of the Organization is the Collective Security Council (CSC). The Council consists of the heads of member states. The Council considers the fundamental issues of the Organization's activities and makes decisions aimed at the implementation of its goals and objectives, as well as ensures coordination and joint activities Member States to achieve these goals. The Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (CMFA) is an advisory and executive body of the Organization for coordinating the interaction of member states in the field of foreign policy.

The Council of Defense Ministers (CMO) is an advisory and executive body of the Organization for the coordination of interaction between member states in the field of military policy, military construction and military-technical cooperation. The Committee of Secretaries of Security Councils (CSSC) is an advisory and executive body of the Organization for coordinating the interaction of member states in the field of ensuring their national security. The Secretary General of the Organization is the highest administrative official Organization and manages the Secretariat of the Organization. Appointed by the decision of the CSC from among the citizens of the Member States and is accountable to the Council. Currently, he is Nikolai Bordyuzha.Nikolay Bordyuzha

The Secretariat of the Organization is a permanent working body of the Organization for the implementation of organizational, informational, analytical and advisory support for the activities of the Organization's bodies. The CSTO Joint Headquarters is a permanent working body of the Organization and the CMO of the CSTO, responsible for preparing proposals and implementing decisions on the military component of the CSTO. From December 1, 2006, it is planned to assign to the joint headquarters the tasks performed by the command and the permanent task force of the headquarters of the collective forces.

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International organizations

Geography lesson 10 (profile) class MOU secondary school No. 4 of the village N. Aleksandrovka Teacher: Shapovalova M.V.

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The United Nations Organization was established on October 24, 1945 by 51 countries in order to preserve peace, develop international cooperation, and ensure collective security. In 2007, the UN included 192 independent states

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Main goals of the UN

When joining the UN, a state assumes the obligations set forth in the Charter, which reflects the principles of international relations and the main goals of the UN:

maintain international peace and security; develop friendly relations between nations; to carry out international cooperation in solving international problems; to encourage respect for human rights and to be a center for the concerted action of nations in the pursuit of these common goals.

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UN Headquarters in New York (USA)

The United Nations is not a world government and does not adopt laws, but it has powerful levers for resolving political conflicts: troops, financial resources generated from contributions from participating countries. According to the UN Charter, member countries that are in arrears in the payment of monetary contributions are deprived of the right to vote in the General Assembly.

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Principal organs of the UN

General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice.

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General Assembly

All members of the UN are represented in it, each state has one vote. Decisions on important matters, such as the maintenance of international peace and security, the admission of new members, or the approval of the UN budget, including budgets for peacekeeping operations, are taken by a majority of ⅔ votes. Decisions on other issues are taken by a simple majority of votes. The Assembly's recommendations are a reflection of world public opinion.

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Security Council

is responsible for maintaining international peace and security and can be convened at any time when a threat to peace arises. The Council consists of 15 members. Five of them - China, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States and France - are permanent members. The remaining 10 members of the Council are elected by the General Assembly for two years according to regional quotas - five seats for Asia and Africa, one for Eastern Europe, two for Latin America, two for Western Europe. Decisions of the Council are considered adopted when the votes of nine of its members are cast in favor of them. However, a decision cannot be taken even if one of the permanent members votes against, i.e., uses his veto. Council decisions are binding on all Member States.

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Economic and Social Council

coordinates the activities of the UN and its agencies in the economic and social fields, in the field of international cooperation. Five regional commissions promote economic development and strengthening of economic relations in their regions.

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Guardian Council

was established to provide international oversight of 11 Trust Territories administered by seven Member States. By 1995, all of the Trust Territories had become self-governing or independent, either as independent states or by joining neighboring independent states. The work of the Council has now been largely completed, and it is planned to transform the Trusteeship Council into a forum for the protection of the planet's environment.

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International Court.

The Court is the main judicial body of the UN and deals with the settlement of disputes between states. The Secretariat carries out the operational and administrative work of the UN in accordance with the instructions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and other bodies. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who recruits the staff necessary for the operation of the Organization and provides general administrative direction. In 2007, the Secretariat consisted of nine departments and a number of offices, employing 8,700 people from almost 160 countries

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UN structure. Where are the main agencies of the UN system located?

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Other international organizations

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO

It was created in 1949 as a counter to the threat of communism. By 2008, 26 states became NATO members: In 1999, three new members joined NATO - Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. In 2004, there were seven Eastern European countries in NATO: Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The headquarters of the governing bodies is located in Brussels (Belgium).

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Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - CMEA

organization economic cooperation socialist countries, which existed in 1949-1991. Member countries: Albania (did not participate in the work of the organization since 1961, after breaking off relations with the USSR), Bulgaria, Vietnam, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had the status of an associate member; the status of observers had the so-called countries of socialist orientation - Afghanistan, Angola, Ethiopia, Laos, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Yemen.

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ANZUS (Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty - ANZUS)

military-political bloc USA, Australia and New Zealand (named after the first letters of the names of the participating countries: Australia, New Zealand, United States). The “Security Treaty”, which laid the foundation for the activities of ANZUS, was signed in 1951 for an indefinite period (in force since 1952). Since 1986, the activity of the union has been reduced to the annual meetings of Australia and the USA).

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Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - OSCE

The forerunner of the OSCE was the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, final act which - a long-term program for the development of the process of detente, cooperation in Europe - was signed in 1975 in Helsinki (Finland) by the heads of state and government of 33 countries of Western Europe, as well as the USA and Canada. new period in OSCE activities began with the Charter of Paris for a New Europe signed in 1990 and the decision of the Budapest meeting in 1994 OSCE participants in 2008 - 56 states of Europe, Asia and America

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Islamic Conference - OIC

was established in 1969 at the Conference of Heads of State and Government of Muslim Countries in Rabat (Morocco) with the aim of ensuring Islamic solidarity in the economic, social and political sphere, eliminating racism and colonialism, helping Muslim peoples in the struggle for independence and supporting the Palestine Liberation Organization. The OIC has 57 members: The General Secretariat is headquartered in Jeddah ( Saudi Arabia).

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League of Arab States - Arab League

It was formed in 1945 by seven Arab states of Asia and Africa - Egypt, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Transjordan. By 2008, the LAS had 22 members. The headquarters is located in Cairo.

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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries - OPEC

established in 1960 to coordinate oil production policy. Member countries (13) - Algeria, Angola, Venezuela, Iraq, Iran, Indonesia, Qatar, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador.

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Union of Independent States - CIS

It was formed in 1991 to coordinate cooperation and provide a mechanism for the civilized collapse of the USSR. The CIS includes 12 member countries, former republics of the USSR, located in Europe and Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine. The headquarters is located in Minsk (Belarus).

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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Parkhomets I.Yu., geography teacher, Lugansk

UN (UNITED NATIONS)

General Secretary: Ban Ki-moon January 1, 2007 Ban Ki-moon from the Republic Korea was elected the 8th General Secretary of the United Nations and took up this post, having 37- years of experience as part of governments and in the international arena

Headquarters - Apartment:

Headquarters

UN in New York, where

representatives gather

192 countries to work out

consensus on global

problems.

Briefly about the UN:

• The number of UNPO member states is 192.
• Date of creation of the UN: October 24, 1945.
• As of June 30, 2010, the staff of the Secretariat in total is about 44 thousand employees.
• Number of ongoing peacekeeping operations: 16.
• Official languages: English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, French.
• First memorable date announced by the General

The United Nations Assembly is United Nations Day - October 24, 1947 (the anniversary of the entry into force of the charter and the approval of the flag)

General Secretary: Thorbjorn Jagland, former prime minister Minister and President of Parliament Norway. He also holds the post Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Prize committee.

Headquarters - Apartment:

• France,
• Strasbourg.

Creation: 1949 The Council of Europe was created on a wave of calls for unity of Europe and building a kind of "United States of Europe" after the Second World War. One of Winston is considered the most active supporter of this idea. Churchill. There are currently 48 states in the Council of Europe.

Goals:

a) The aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve more

close alliance among its members for the protection and advancement

ideals and principles that are their common heritage, and

contribute to their economic and social progress.

b) This aim will be pursued through the organs

of the Council by considering matters of general

interest, conclusion of agreements, holding joint

actions in the economic, social, cultural, scientific,

legal and administrative fields, as well as through

protection and development of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

NATO (Organization of the North Atlantic Agreements)

General Secretary: Anders Fogh Rasmussen - Danish politician, general since 2009 Secretary of NATO. In 2001-2009 was Head of Government of Denmark

Headquarters - Apartment:

Brussels, Belgium

Briefly about NATO: the world's largest military-political bloc, uniting most of the countries of Europe, the United States and Canada. Appeared on April 4, 1949 in the USA. Then the states The United States, Canada, Iceland, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Italy and Portugal became NATO members. There are currently 28 countries in NATO.

Goals:

The current Strategic Concept, published in 1999,

defines the primary tasks of NATO as follows:

- be the basis of stability in the Euro-Atlantic region;

- serve as a forum for consultations on security issues;

- exercise deterrence and protection against any threat of aggression

against any of the NATO member states;

- contribute to effective conflict prevention and

actively participate in crisis management;

- promote the development of a comprehensive partnership,

cooperation and dialogue with other countries of the Euro-Atlantic region.

General Secretary: General Secretary of the Council European Union (EU), supreme EU representative for external politics and security javier Solana.

Political centers:

• Brussels,
• Luxembourg,
• Strasbourg.

Motto:

In varietate concordia

(Agreement in Diversity)

EU- economic and political association 27 European states. Aimed at regional integration, the Union was legally fixed by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993 on the principles of the European Communities.

General Secretary: General Secretary Organizations economic cooperation and development (OECD) - Angel Gurria .

Headquarters - Apartment:

Chateau de la Muette,

France.

Objectives of the OECD

The OECD carries out extensive analytical work,

a platform for organizing multilateral negotiations on economic issues.

A significant proportion of OECD activities are related to

combating money laundering, tax evasion, corruption and bribery. With the participation of the OECD, some

mechanisms designed to put an end to the practice of creating so-called "tax havens" by a number of states.

OSCE Security Organization and Cooperation in Europe

General Secretary: OSCE Secretary General Marc Perrin de Brichambaut

Headquarters - Apartment:

Vienna, Austria

OSCE (Eng. OSCE, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the largest in the world regional organization dealing with issues security. It brings together 56 countries located in North America, Europe and Central Asia. Former name - "Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe - CSCE).

"Conference on Security and

cooperation in Europe” was convened on

initiative of the USSR and socialist

states of Europe as always

current international forum

representatives of 33 European countries, and

also the US and Canada to develop measures

reduction of military confrontation and

strengthening security in Europe.

Goals of the OSCE

The main means of ensuring security and solving the main tasks of the organization:

• "The first basket", or the political-military dimension:

arms proliferation control;

diplomatic efforts to prevent conflicts;

building measures trusting relationship and security;

• "Second basket", or economic and environmental dimension:

economic and environmental security.

• "Third basket", or the human dimension:

protection of human rights;

development of democratic institutions;

election monitoring;

• The staff of the organization - about 370 people employed in the governing bodies of the organization, as well as about 3,500 employees working in field missions.

CEO: Pascal Lamy (April 8, 1947) head ( CEO) WTO since 2005.

Headquarters - Apartment:

Geneva, Switzerland

• Dark green: Founders of the WTO (January 1, 1995)
• Light green: Subsequent members

153 Member States

Tasks and principles of the WTO:

The purpose of the WTO is not to achieve any goals or results, but

establishing general principles international trade. The work of the WTO, as well as the GATT before it, is based on basic principles, including:

Equal rights

All WTO members are required to provide all other members with most favored nation trade (NBT) treatment.

The NBT regime means that preferences granted to one of the

members of the WTO, automatically apply to all other members

organizations.

Reciprocity

All concessions in easing bilateral trade restrictions must be mutual.

Transparency

. WTO Members are required to fully publish their trade

rules and have authorities responsible for providing information

other members of the WTO.

Member States of the Eurasian economic union are the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and since May 14, 2015 Kyrgyzstan. The EAEU was created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and competitiveness national economies and creating conditions for sustainable development in the interest of raising the living standards of the population of the Member States.

Economic and political

centers:

• Alma-Ata
• Astana
• Yerevan
• Minsk
• Moscow
• Bishkek