Landing ship type Ivan Gren. What is interesting about the large landing ship of the Russian Navy "Ivan Gren

In recent years, the policy of the Russian Federation in the naval field has undergone significant changes. Now it provides for the activities of the Navy to protect national interests in various areas of the World Ocean. The effectiveness of the actions of the forces of the fleet depends, among other things, on the possibilities for landing an amphibious assault.

Naturally, for landing in remote areas, large-tonnage vehicles are required. These tasks in the Navy are traditionally assigned to large landing ships (LDS). The newest representative of this class is the BDK project 11711 "Ivan Gren".

History of creation

At the end of the 90s, the Navy needed to replace the morally and physically obsolete BDK project 1171. This series was built in 1964-1975. Now only four of these ships remain in service.

In 1998, the Nevskoye Design Bureau began the development of a Project 11711 medium landing ship. The fleet was ready to order a series of six units. These ships were to operate in the coastal and near sea zones (at a distance of up to 500 miles). In addition, their use in the "river-sea" mode was envisaged. To this end, the original design made it possible for the ship to pass through locks and bridges. major rivers.

Obviously, the fleet made such low demands on the project for financial reasons. In addition, there was a trend towards a decrease in Russia's foreign policy influence. Therefore, the construction of ships in the oceanic zone was considered not relevant in the Navy.

Over time, the command of the fleet revised its requirements.

It was decided to increase the displacement of landing ships of the Ivan Gren type to 5,000 tons or more. This allowed them to be reclassified into the BDK. New in the project was a non-contact method of landing. It provides for the landing of troops along a pontoon ferry, induced from the landing ship to the shore.

During the six-year phase of work on the project, the requirements for the BDK have changed several times. In particular, the initial composition of weapons was reduced. Because of this, the ship lost the ability to strike along the coast. It is believed that this was done out of economy. But foreign analogues have similar weapons, although less limited in funds.

The slipway construction phase of the BDK continued for another eight years. Among the reasons for the delay is the lack of funding and qualified specialists. At the same time, the plant was building a frigate for the Indian Navy. Apparently, the management of the enterprise gave priority to the export project.

The completion stage of the Ivan Gren large landing ship, including mooring trials and dock work, was carried out for another four years. During this period, the ship received a crew and tail number 135.

Tests - running and state - lasted almost a year. Such a delay is explained by the unsatisfactory working out of the reverse course by the ship. According to some reports, this shortcoming has not been completely eliminated. Changing the positions of the main diesel engines on the second large landing ship of this project will help to correct the situation. This is enough complex operation will take several months. If successful, Ivan Gren will also be reworked.

The decision to build the next building - the Pyotr Morgunov large landing ship - was made by the fleet command on 09/01/2014.

In 2015, the command of the Navy announced a decision to reduce the series from six to two units. The program was stopped, possibly due to the non-compliance of this project with the requirements. It is possible that the fleet gives priority to the creation of universal landing ships.

Features of the project 11711

The new BDK was based on the developments under the project 1171 "Tapir". With minor changes, the body of the predecessor was used. This choice was facilitated by the successful experience of its operation. The well-established hull assembly technology made it possible to reduce the cost of building a large landing ship.

The project received a new superstructure and a helicopter hangar.

The ship has a helipad, which provides takeoff and landing of helicopters weighing up to 12 tons. The layout of the BDK interior was changed in order to optimize the movement of cargo. In addition, the living conditions of the project were improved (kubricks for the crew and troops, a gym).

During the construction, new materials and technologies were used to reduce the radar visibility of the ship. However, according to Western publications, this did not have the same effect as on NATO landing ships.

Project 11711 provides for two ways of loading landing equipment on board. The main one - under its own power along the ramps and the auxiliary one - with the help of a crane (16 tons) through the cargo hatch. The hatch also provides ventilation for the cargo hold. This makes it possible to warm up the engines of armored vehicles in advance of landing, which is safe for the health of the crews. Two lifeboat cranes are designed to lift the craft aboard the landing ship.

Landing will be carried out by means of a bow landing device (ramp) - directly onto the shore or into the water. If it is impossible for the BDK to get close to the land, a non-contact landing method is used. In this case, a chain of pontoons is released from the cargo hold and connects the BDK with the shore.

There is also the possibility of landing with the help of two landing craft and two Ka-29 multipurpose helicopters.

To base the latest BDK has a full-size hangar. Instead of two Ka-29s, one attack Ka-52K can be in the hangar.

The main power plant (GEM) includes two diesel-reverse-gear units DRRA3700. They are designed to rotate two fixed pitch propellers.
DRRA3700 includes:

• 16-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine 10D49. It is turbocharged and develops 5200 hp;
• vibration-isolating couplings for joining a diesel engine with a gearbox and a gearbox with a shaft line;
• reversible reducer RRP6000;
• digital control unit "Purga-11". It also provides the ability to diagnose the installation and train personnel in an interactive mode.
  The ship is also equipped with two ADG-1000NK diesel generators with a capacity of 1000 kW each.

Armament

Unlike its predecessors, the BDK of project 11711 has only anti-aircraft artillery systems (ZAK). Among them are ZAK AK-630M-2 "Duet" in the bow of the superstructure and two AK-630M in the stern of the helicopter hangar. Their main purpose is the fight against enemy anti-ship missiles.

Both complexes are based on automatic six-barreled gun caliber 30 mm AO-18.

It provides a range of fire at air targets up to 4000 m and a rate of fire up to 5000 rounds per minute.

ZAK AK-630M-2 "Duet" - a two-automatic installation with the possibility of using one or two automatic machines at the same time. Its rate of fire reaches 10 thousand high / min. Fire control is carried out by the Vympel-AM2 system according to the MR-123AM2 radar.

The KM-11-1 laser designator can also be used in conjunction with the LDM-1 Kreyser rangefinder.

Tactical and technical elements (TTE) of large landing ships

* The Western press indicates the total displacement of the project up to 6000–6600 tons.

From their "classmates" BDK type "Ivan Gren" differ in greater displacement. However, this does not significantly affect its landing capabilities. The indicated number of paratroopers (300 people) does not correspond to either a company (as for the Type 072-III project) or a battalion (Project 1171).

Presumably, the large landing ship "Ivan Gren" is still designed for the landing of a battalion marines(more than 400 people). Or it will be able to land a full-fledged landing only in conjunction with other landing ships.

In terms of its armament, the Ivan Gren BDK is significantly weaker than its domestic counterparts, but close to foreign ones.

Battle path

Due to the short service life of the Ivan Gren large landing ship, it was possible to participate in only two naval parades in 2017 and 2018.

The prospect of project 11711 can be assessed based on its advantages and disadvantages.

The new project does not fundamentally differ from its predecessors in terms of its TFCs. The main advantages of the BDK type "Ivan Gren" are:

• helicopter hangar;
• means for non-contact landing;
• improved habitability.

All this could be achieved as part of the modernization of existing BDK projects. As for aviation capabilities, Ivan Gren cannot be compared with an amphibious helicopter carrier. The ability to transport standard containers cannot be taken seriously as an advantage. Container ships have long been invented for this.

The disadvantages of the project 11711 include:

• obsolescence;
• impossibility to demagnetize the housing in accordance with the design assignment;
• insufficient strength of the hull structure;
• reverse problems.

As a result, the Northern (121 brigades of landing ships) and the Black Sea fleets will receive one new landing ship each. This will be an insignificant (by one unit) gain, and not a qualitative leap in the area of ​​the Navy's landing capabilities.

Meanwhile, the management of the Yantar plant is considering the export prospects of the amphibious assault ships of project 11711. But the external market puts forward increased requirements for the BDK:

• full displacement - not less than 6000 tons;
• landing capacity - up to 500 marines;
• equipping the ship with a docking chamber for a landing hovercraft.

Place BDK type "Ivan Gren" in the Russian Navy

The process and result of the work on the creation of this project is an example of an ill-conceived approach to the construction of the fleet. There was a simple replenishment of obsolete ships with slightly modernized counterparts.

Obviously, the need to operate in the Oceanic zone requires a qualitative increase in the combat capabilities of the fleet. Half measures in the form of a large landing ship "Ivan Gren" or "mosquito" fleet with missiles "Caliber" - a waste of money. Promising direction, for example, the construction of universal landing ships of the Surf project may become.

Video

The large landing ship Ivan Gren of project 11711 (according to NATO codification Ivan Gren) will soon become the most modern landing ship in the Russian fleet. BDK "Ivan Gren" is designed for landing, transportation of military equipment, as well as various equipment and cargo. In total, two ships were laid down for the Russian Navy this project. The lead ship "Ivan Gren" is undergoing the final stage of state tests, the second large landing craft "Pyotr Morgunov" is being prepared for launching. The Russian military abandoned the further construction of ships of this project in favor of creating even larger and more spacious ships of this class.

At the end of December 2017, Eduard Efimov, General Director of the Yantar Baltic Shipbuilding Plant, told reporters that the large landing ship Ivan Gren had reached the final stage of state trials. Shortly before this, the newest Russian ship conducted his first firing and tested naval artillery in the Baltic Sea. It is worth noting that the Ivan Gren is a ship with a very difficult fate, it was laid down in Kaliningrad on December 23, 2004, but was launched only on May 18, 2012 and has not yet been included in the fleet. On the initial stage the assembly of the ship was seriously complicated by unstable funding and problems at the enterprise itself.

At the same time, the new ship in the fleet is no doubt waiting. Entering it into the fleet will significantly expand the capabilities of the Russian Navy at sea and in remote regions of the planet. The landing ship of the Ivan Gren ocean zone of project 11711 will be able to take on board up to 300 marines, as well as 13 main battle tanks (weighing up to 60 tons) or a choice of up to 36 armored personnel carriers / infantry fighting vehicles, military equipment is located on the tank deck. Also on board the ship there is a covered hangar and a take-off area for helicopters. It can take on board up to two Ka-29 transport and combat helicopters, or Ka-27 search and rescue helicopters. If necessary, the Ka-52K Katran attack helicopter can also be placed on board.

The loading of military equipment onto the ship can be carried out either independently on ramps or with the help of cranes. Loading of cargo and equipment into the troop compartment can be carried out through a four-leaf cargo hatch located in the upper deck using a crane with a lifting capacity of 16 tons. For loading on board motor boats, boats and equipment, there are also two boat cranes on board. Among other things, the ship's cargo hatch can be used for ventilation, removing exhaust gases from operating equipment from the deck space (troop compartment). Ventilation of the troop compartment is very important, as it allows the transported equipment to warm up the engines, which is very important in conditions low temperatures air. Exhaust gases running on Idling technicians quickly fill the landing hold, so ventilation through the upper cargo hatch is a must, thanks to this, the paratroopers will not be poisoned by exhaust gases.

Main Feature or the "trick" of the ships of project 11711 is the so-called non-contact method of landing on an unequipped coast. To do this, engineering pontoons can be pushed into the water from the open bow flaps, which, when coupled, form a bridge to the shore. This pontoon bridge docks with the shore, on which the landing is carried out, after which it is used to ferry heavy equipment and marines. This landing scheme allows you to maintain a distance between the BDK and the shore, seriously reducing the risk of running aground.

Light floating armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles and infantry fighting vehicles can be launched into the sea directly from the stern and bow of the ship, they are able to get to the shore on their own. Landing is possible with sea waves up to 4 points. Due to the range of the Ivan Gren, it has the ability to remotely land, it is able to patrol a certain region for a month, the autonomy of navigation is exactly 30 days.

The total displacement of the landing ship is 5,000 tons, length - 120 meters, width - 16.5 meters, draft - 3.6 meters. The heart of the BDK "Ivan Gren" are two 16-cylinder V-shaped diesel engines 10D49 with a gas turbine supercharged power of 5200 hp. Capabilities power plant allow you to accelerate the ship to top speed 18 knots. The crew of the ship consists of 100 people. The most modern BDKs in the Russian fleet before the advent of Project 11711 ships were Polish-built BDKs of Project 755. Ivan Gren surpasses them in displacement - 5,000 tons versus 4,080 tons for Project 755 ships, in addition, the new Russian landing ship is 8 meters longer, 1.5 meters wider and 1.3 meters deeper in the water. Accordingly, its landing capabilities are higher.

The armament of the Ivan Gren BDK is represented by one AK-630M-2 two-automatic shipborne 30-mm automatic artillery mount, two AK-630 mounts with a 5P-10-03 Laska radar fire control system, two 14.5-mm MPTU mounts " Sting", as well as a complex of fired passive interference KT-308-04 "Prosvet-M", this complex protects the ship from enemy missiles.

AK-630M-2 "Duet" is a modern two-automatic 30-mm automatic artillery mount, which provides a huge rate of fire - up to 10,000 rounds per minute. Its main purpose is to provide missile defense ships of the Navy in the near zone. First of all, it is designed to destroy anti-ship missiles and other types of guided weapons. Also, the installation can solve the problem of hitting enemy aircraft, helicopters and UAVs, small-sized surface and coastal targets. The effective firing range is 4000 meters.

In addition to rapid-fire artillery weapons, there are two large-caliber machine guns on board. This MPTU "Sting" - 14.5-mm naval pedestal machine gun mounts, which are designed to combat air, surface and coastal lightly armored targets. Heavy machine guns allow you to effectively hit lightly armored objects at a distance of up to 2000 meters and 1500 meters in height. For firing at air, surface and coastal targets, cartridges with an armor-piercing incendiary bullet B-32, an armor-piercing tracer bullet BZT, and an instantaneous incendiary bullet MDZ are used.

On the Internet and various media, one could come across allegations that the new Russian BDK project 11711 is supposedly a kind of replacement for the Mistral-type universal landing dock ships built in France, but never transferred to the Russian Federation, but this is absolutely false. Firstly, the construction of the Ivan Gren large landing ship began long before the decision of the Ministry of Defense to purchase Mistrals in France, and secondly, it is difficult to compare the ships even in terms of their technical capabilities, mainly in size. It is incorrect to compare them because of the huge difference in displacement (more than 4 times), as well as the size of the aviation group (Mistrals can carry up to 16 light helicopters on board).

AK-630M-2 "Duet" - Russian naval two-automatic 30-mm automatic artillery mount

Despite the fact that Russian sailors are not interested in the further acquisition of the BDK project 11711 (information about this appeared in 2015), abandoning them in favor of larger ships of the new generation, it is too early to put an end to the future prospects of the BDK project 11711. Currently, the ship already has an export appearance passport, so it can be promoted by Russia for export. This was reported by the Zvezda TV channel with reference to Sergei Vlasov, who is CEO Nevsky design bureau. Judging by official catalog United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC), we are talking about project 11711E, which received a displacement increased to 6600 tons.

Larger landing craft that may appear in the Russian fleet in the future include ships of the Priboy project. As part of the Army-2015 forum, a mock-up of universal landing ships of the Surf project with a displacement of more than 14,000 tons and a capacity of up to 500 paratroopers, 20-30 tanks or 60 units of various military equipment was presented for the first time. Among other things, these ships will be able to take on board up to 8 Ka-27 or Ka-52K helicopters.

Sources of information:
https://ria.ru/forces/20171229/1511888116.html
https://tvzvezda.ru/news/opk/content/201708030944-qlqy.htm
https://militaryarms.ru/voennaya-texnika/voennye-korabli/proekt-11711
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MOSCOW, December 29 - RIA Novosti, Andrey Stanavov. Three hundred heavily armed marines, 13 main battle tanks or - to choose from - about 40 armored personnel carriers / infantry fighting vehicles, as well as two assault helicopters. Such a mini-army can easily fit on board a large ocean landing ship (BDK) of project 11711 "Ivan Gren". Until the end of the year, the St. Andrew's flag will be hoisted on it, and "Gren" will officially become part of Northern Fleet. This "paratrooper" is the first Russian ship of this class, capable of disembarking people and heavy equipment without contact with the shore. About what he surpassed his predecessors and what place he will take in the fleet - in the material of RIA Novosti.

Marines with delivery

Apart from the flotilla of small and medium-sized landing ships, there are only about two dozen BDKs in the Navy today. These are the ships Soviet projects 775 (of the "Caesar Kunikov" type) and 1171 (of the "Nikolai Filchenkov" type). If the former are still relatively young, then the age of the latter is already approaching the venerable age. For example, "Saratov" was launched in 1964. And although the ships are regularly repaired, it is obvious that they will need to be replaced very soon. "Ivan Gren" is a direct descendant of the BDK project 1171 "Tapir", or rather, its development. Even in terms of basic characteristics, they are similar: the "grandfather" that looks like a dry cargo ship also has a solid displacement and can carry 300 marines and two dozen tanks.

Polish-built flat-bottomed Project 755 ships, which now form the basis of the BDK fleet, are inferior to the Ivan Gren in size and capacity. For comparison: the total displacement of the new ship is 5000 tons against 4080 for the Polish "brother". In addition, it is eight meters longer, one and a half meters wider and sits 1.3 meters deeper in the water. If "Caesar Kunikov" can accommodate 190 marines and ten tanks (or 24 armored personnel carriers), then "Gren" - 300 and 13, respectively. The ships of the 775th project were built in two series, moreover, a third was planned - specifically for transportation gas turbine tanks T-80. It is noteworthy that the lead BDK of this series was called "Rear Admiral Gren". They managed to lay it in Gdansk, but after the collapse of the USSR they cut it into metal.

A column of armored personnel carriers goes to a large landing ship in order to load it on the exercises of the Marine Corps of the Pacific Fleet / © RIA Novosti / Vitaly Ankov

Guns and "Katrans"

The new BDK is somewhat superior to the Project 755 ships, not only in terms of carrying capacity, but also in terms of the power of onboard weapons. In addition to the AK-176M and AK-630M-2 Duet (10,000 rounds per minute), it carries two A-215 Grad-M 122-millimeter multiple rocket launchers. Each includes a laser rangefinder, a control system, 40 guides and throws rockets at a distance of up to 20 kilometers with a rate of fire of two pieces per second. The massive strike of the "Grad" literally sweeps away the manpower and light armored vehicles of the enemy. Thus, the ship is able, even without the support of other forces of the fleet, to cover the landing with dense rocket and artillery fire. Several launchers complex of electronic suppression. Although, as a rule, ships of this class are not used alone, but as part of a powerful landing group.

For the construction of the Gren, the latest developments in shipbuilding were used, high-strength materials and even technologies for reducing visibility were used. There are practically no restrictions on the types of military equipment transported, as long as its total mass does not exceed the permissible one. The BDK can transport tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, army trucks or towed artillery over distances of up to 3.5 thousand nautical miles. All this economy is located on the so-called tank deck. Equipment can be loaded in different ways: by a portal or deck crane, it can also drive along the aft ramp under its own power. In addition, the BDK can carry standard 20-foot shipping containers. The aft superstructure is equipped with a hangar for the Ka-29 assault transport helicopter or the Ka-52K Katran attack helicopter.

Large landing ship "Ivan Gren" / © RIA Novosti / Igor Zarembo

Bridge to the coast

Grena's trademark is the so-called non-contact method of landing troops on an unequipped coast. To do this, one after another, engineering pontoons are pushed onto the water from the open bow gates, which form a bridge when coupled. It "joins" with the coastline and serves as a ferry for heavy equipment and marines. Such a scheme allows you to maintain a distance between the ship and the shore and reduces the risk of running aground. Light floating infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles can be launched directly into the sea both from the stern and from the bow: they will reach the shore on their own. Interestingly, immediately before landing, tanks and infantry fighting vehicles usually idle, and the landing hold quickly fills with exhaust gases. So that the paratroopers do not get poisoned, they open the upper cargo hatch. Landing is possible with sea waves up to four points.

The "heart" of the BDK is two 16-cylinder V-shaped diesel engines 10D49 with gas turbine supercharging with a capacity of 5200 horsepower. They accelerate the ship to a maximum speed of 18 knots. In autonomous navigation, "Gren" can be up to a month. For a crew of about 100 people and marines, there are quite comfortable accommodation conditions in cabins and cockpits, there is even a gym.

Large landing ship "Ivan Gren" went to sea for sea trials / © RIA Novosti / Igor Zarembo

Ivan Gren "- the lead ship of project 11711. The Nevsky Design Bureau worked on it for several years, the project was repeatedly reworked to meet the changing requirements of the Ministry of Defense. The Yantar Baltic Shipyard was engaged in the construction. The second ship of the series, Pyotr Morgunov, is now being completed there. It is planned to transfer it to the fleet in 2018. No more such ships will be built - the command abandoned them in favor of even larger and more capacious ones.

Large landing ships are universal workhorses, without which not a single serious military operation can take place on the territory of countries with access to the sea. It was on them that in 1986 the citizens of the USSR were evacuated from the engulfed in fire civil war Yemen, and in the early 1990s - the personnel of the Soviet naval base Nokra from Ethiopia. During the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, refugees and Russian tourists were taken out of the combat zone on "paratroopers". In 1999, the BDK of the Black Sea Fleet participated in the transfer of the Russian contingent peacekeeping forces to Yugoslavia, and in August 2008 they landed troops in the Georgian port of Poti. These ships played the most important role in the operation of the Russian Armed Forces in Syria. In addition to transporting goods, people and equipment, BDKs can also be effectively used for laying sea mines.

Large landing ships "Nikolai Vilkov" (left) and "Admiral Nevelskoy" land amphibious assault during bilateral exercises at the Klerk training ground in Primorsky Krai / © RIA Novosti / Vitaly Ankov

Developments recent years clearly showed that the state without fail needs a powerful fleet that can perform various tasks. Unfortunately, the events that followed then seriously undermined the defense capability of the Russian Navy. However, recently the government has been paying a lot of attention to this problem, new vessels are constantly being put into operation. These also include the Ivan Gren, a large landing ship.

To date, the Zubr and Murena projects are widely known, which to this day continue to be built for foreign customers. Today at domestic industry there is a larger task - to saturate your fleet with landing ships, which are much larger than the projects mentioned above. However, the Soviet Navy had such. The task is to modernize them and bring them to the requirements modern war on the sea.

The situation

Today, the fleet includes vessels related to projects 1171 and 775. They were designed with the aim of possibly transferring up to one battalion of marines with heavy armored vehicles, artillery and other weapons attached to it. The first ships of this class were designed in Leningrad, I.I. Kuzmin was the general designer. Some of them were built at the Yantar plant in Kaliningrad, others at Polish shipyards. This happened between 1974 and 1990. Subsequently, the leading design bureaus for development were reassigned, but the ships themselves practically did not change from this.

General characteristics of projects

Project 1171 ships were characterized by a total displacement of 4000 tons, they could be used to land up to 313 people, fully armed. It was assumed that ships could simultaneously carry up to seven medium or more than twenty light tanks. In 1966-1975, the USSR Navy received 14 such vessels, with the Voronezh Komsomolets being the lead one. The ships during this time were modernized up to four times (in the process of construction and design). Project 775 assumed almost similar characteristics in terms of capacity and carrying capacity, but these ships were noticeably better armed. A total of 24 were built.

To date, about 20 ships of projects 1171 and 775 remain in the Navy, and there are more of the latter. Fortunately, even with the collapse of the Union, the fleet was able to keep almost all of them. Of course, their youth is not increasing, the resource is gradually expiring, and therefore the country needs to build new ships of this class. It is reported that it is Ivan Gren that will gradually replace its predecessors.

The situation in NATO countries

It is important to note that in NATO the situation with landing craft is somewhat different. Both the United States and strive to have in their fleets the most multifunctional ships that can perform not only the tasks of landing manpower and military equipment. Despite the high cost of such projects, they are quite successful. The Americans were especially successful in this: even if we build the large landing craft at an accelerated pace, we will not reach their level in the next two decades.

They have a new military equipment goes to the fleet in a stormy stream. In principle, such a passion for landing craft is understandable, since the transfer of large quantities of manpower is much cheaper if carried out by sea. Given the aggressiveness foreign policy Americans, it could not be otherwise.

The first domestic landing ship in the new century

The new ship, which should initiate the restoration of the landing capabilities of the Russian fleet, was named "Ivan Gren". This name was chosen for a reason, because the ship was named after a talented artilleryman and scientist. Until 1941, Gren directed the Naval Research Institute. He began his service even before the Revolution, in the Imperial Navy. He participated in testing and field studies of almost all systems that were being developed at that time. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War took charge of the artillery Baltic Fleet. He proved himself to be an excellent strategist and master of counter-battery shooting.

Information about the development of "Grenov"

The very first "Ivan Gren" is supposed to be the lead ship of the entire project 11711. As for its development, it is still being carried out in the same place, in St. Petersburg. General designer- A. Viglin, VN Suvorov has been appointed chief designer of this series of vessels.

Unlike the previous ships of Project 1171, all the requirements and real experience of all recent years were taken into account here. That is why the Ivan Gren BDK can be used with equal success not only for military, but also for peaceful operations. Thus, it is assumed that this class of vessels can be used to transport large volumes of cargo, including those with entry into river fairways. The large landing ship "Ivan Gren" is capable of transporting all modern military equipment of the Russian Federation, since its development and construction took into account not only the requirements of the Marine Corps, but also of conventional ground forces.

Improving living and working conditions for the crew

Particular attention was paid to creating the most comfortable conditions for the life and work of the ship's crew. There is even a large training complex designed to support sailors and officers in good physical form. In addition, it is in the ships of this series that a special method of landing will be provided. Recall that in the standard BDK produced by the USSR, a bow ramp is provided, which made it possible to “release” up to three light amphibious tanks from the belly of the ship at the same time directly into the sea, subject to waves of no more than three points.

The same ramp was used for shore unloading. In this case, the slope of the coast is extremely high. In case of violation of the relief, the old ships of the Navy could only “land” equipment by swimming. But this applies only to light, amphibious tanks. All heavier vehicles remain on the ship. The non-contact method used in this case provides for the establishment of a light pontoon crossing: this technology is traditionally used only by the ground forces.

Several pontoons that extend instead of a ramp make it possible to quickly create a reliable bridge that even relatively heavy armored vehicles will pass through. This method has been used for quite some time in foreign armies, as it allows you to significantly expand combat capabilities landing ships.

Important changes and additions to the design

Another important innovation is the constructive ability to transport standard sea ​​containers(up to 20 tons). Even better, due to its non-contact landing method, the ship can deliver these cargoes even to a coast that is completely unsuitable for this. Ordinary transport ships never dreamed of such a thing. The total weight of the transported cargo is up to 1500 tons. To simplify the loading / unloading procedure, the ship is equipped with a carrying capacity of up to 16 tons.

Today they are talking about the possibility of creating a "complete" amphibious boat, which will be stored in the internal hangar of Project 11711E ships. He can not only accompany the ship, but also perform independent tasks. Surely this opportunity will especially attract rescuers, engineers, geologists.

The need for ships

How much will the Ivan Gren project be in demand? The need is already such that the manufacturer is loaded with orders for long years forward. When the laying of the first ship of the project was carried out, this event was attended by almost all the first persons of the state, as well as the management of all those enterprises that will provide production.

As the manufacturers themselves say, the vessels of the project 11711 "Ivan Gren", while maintaining the current geopolitical situation, are urgently needed by the country. Since the order for the construction of ships was received by the famous Yantar enterprise, there is no doubt about the quality of the work.

Disappointing Facts

Everything would be fine, but the journalists wrote the same thing in ... 2004! Just a few days ago, really fantastic news arrived: the lead landing ship of project 11711 has finally begun to be tested in the Baltic! It took 11 years from the moment of laying to launching. I am glad that the shipbuilders swear an oath not to drag out the deadlines so monstrously during the construction of the second copy (it is already in full swing). At the end of this year, they promise to finally transfer the lead ship to the fleet.

Four years were planned for the construction of the lead ship, and another ship is planned to be handed over to the fleet within two years. It is known that initially the fleet ordered five ships of this series at once, but the sailors have already managed to refuse three of them. However, after the story of the ill-fated Mistrals, there is hope that the number of these ships will still be increased, since they are extremely important for ensuring public interest far outside the country. Finally, information has already been received today that the military is still interested in building the entire series (up to seven ships), but the final decision will be made only after the flagship has passed all the tests.

To be or not to be?

Finally, information slipped that next year it was decided to start building larger landing ships, so perhaps the fleet would still be limited to only two ships. In any case, there are already projects for large landing ships of the new generation, so we can expect that these are not empty talk. In any case, Gren is an interesting project, and the need for it is really very great.

The decision of the military to reduce the “livestock” of these vessels generally leads specialists to a dead end: after all, they were counting on the possibility of transporting marines along inland rivers, which is extremely important feature during local operations. Two ships will obviously not be enough for this!

Why were deadlines missed?

You should not blame only Yantar for everything. First, shipbuilders were plagued by a lack of funding. Secondly, for the first time the specification for the project was provided by the customer back in 2003, but since then changes have been constantly made to the appearance and design of the ship, which could not but affect the speed of work. So, in 2005, updated specifications were presented, which included changes in almost all nodes. And this has happened more than once.

Import as a source of problems

The main problem of the whole project is a large number of imported components. In the light of recent events, they are urgently required to be abandoned and replaced with domestic ones. That is why engineers today continue to refine the long-suffering project. In principle, all the required components have already been delivered earlier, so difficulties are expected only with the second ship. But these difficulties are considerable.

The vessel needs to replace a large number of imported components, which were originally provided for in the specifications. Thus, considerable difficulties have already arisen with the choice of water purification and desalination systems. However, manufacturers say that domestic companies have experience in the production of this kind of components, so the issue is again stuck in the budget. It also adds hope that the second ship will already be built according to a proven scheme, and not from scratch. Several sections of the hull have already been laid.

In general, the “root of evil” of this project is that after the collapse of the Union, it suddenly turned out that almost all the enterprises that produced components for shipbuilding ended up abroad. In particular, on Ukrainian territory.

Main technical characteristics of the project

• Estimated displacement - up to five thousand tons.
• Length - 120 meters.
• The maximum width is 16.5 meters.
• Estimated draft - 3.6 m.
• Type of power plant - diesel.
• The maximum full speed is 18 knots.
• Estimated crew size - about a hundred people.

What weapons can the landing ship "Ivan Gren" boast of? Here is his proposed list (so far, far from everything is known):

• Two installations A-215 "Grad-M".
• Artillery. One AK-176M 76mm automatic mount and two AK-630M (30mm caliber, automatic).
• One Ka-29 anti-submarine helicopter can be based on the ship.
• The capacity of the landing compartments is up to 36 armored personnel carriers or 13 MBTs (weighing up to 60 tons). Up to 300 fully equipped and armed paratroopers can also be carried on board.

At the moment, the flagship is in full swing undergoing final checks, being at the final stage of construction. Because of this, most of the weapons on board have not yet been mounted, so it is too early to judge the final appearance of the ship and its armament. We hope that by the end of this year we will still see the Gren in full combat readiness.

The Russian Navy has been replenished with a large landing ship (BDK) "Ivan Gren". The solemn ceremony of entering the ship into the Russian Navy was held at the Yantar plant in Kaliningrad. The ship will soon be at the disposal of the Northern Fleet. "Ivan Gren" became the largest landing ship in the country. The ship can transport an entire battalion of marines with tanks and armored vehicles to the theater of operations. About the combat capabilities of the latest Russian BDK - in the material RT.

• Large landing ship "Ivan Gren"
• Igor Zarembo / RIA Novosti

At the shipyard "Yantar" in Kaliningrad, a solemn ceremony of raising the flag of St. Andrew on a large landing ship (BDK) of project 11711 took place. The ship is expected to be handed over in the near future.

The ceremony was attended by representatives of the command of the Baltic Fleet, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy for armaments Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk, top managers of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC).

The brainchild of "Yantar"

"Ivan Gren" - the lead ship of project 11711 developed by JSC "Nevsky Design Bureau". At the moment, this is the largest BDK of the Russian Navy. The displacement of the giant is 5 thousand tons, the length is 120 m, the width is 16.5 m, the draft is 3.6 m.

“Project 11711 is significantly different from its Soviet predecessors. "Gren" and "Morgunov" have a large displacement and capacity. Also on the Russian BDK installed new diesel engines, on-board electronics, more powerful hydraulics. Our fleet has a huge need for such ships, ”retired colonel Mikhail Timoshenko said in an interview with RT.

The main feature of project 11711 is the ability to transfer a battalion of marines (about 400 people) along with equipment. "Ivan Gren" can take on board 13 tanks or more than 30 armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles). A transport and combat helicopter and two multi-purpose Ka-27s are placed on the deck of the BDK.

• Project BDK "Pyotr Morgunov"
• Image: press service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Range newest ship is 4 thousand miles (about 6 thousand km). According to the Ministry of Defense, during the tests, the Ivan Gren showed "good seaworthiness and the flawless operation of all life support systems."

Armament BDK includes jet system volley fire "Grad-M", 57-mm twin anti-aircraft artillery mount ZIF-31B, two AK-630 30-millimeter six-barrel automatic guns and one modernized AK-630M-2 "Duet" gun mount with a 5P-10-03 radar fire control system.

The design of "Ivan Gren" began in 1998. The ship was laid down in 2004, but its construction was delayed due to lack of finances and constant changes in the terms of reference that the customer made.

“Initially, the terms of reference were issued for a ship that would navigate inland waterways - rivers and canals. According to the task, its width, height and draft were laid. Then we had to remake it into sea ​​ship- change the height of the superstructure and make some other changes to the project, ”Sergey Vlasov, general director of the Nevsky Design Bureau, explained in an interview with TASS.

As a result, the BDK was launched in May 2012. In October 2015, mooring tests of the ship started, and later - sea trials. From November 2017 to May 2018 was held.

According to media reports, the military identified problems with the ship's reverse gear. At the end of December 2017, state tests were suspended, and on April 3, after the elimination of shortcomings, they were resumed. On June 2, Yantar signed an acceptance certificate for state tests with the Ministry of Defense.

The need for an update

Landing fleet renewal is one of the priorities Navy Russia. In June 2015, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral Viktor Chirkov (since 2016, this position has been held by Vladimir Korolev) stated that the composition of the landing craft would be almost completely replaced by 2050.

“The need to update the composition of landing ships in all fleets is long overdue. This is taken into account by the shipbuilding program. The High Command has developed and is developing technical requirements ... for most projects of landing ships - from a landing boat to a large landing ship, ”Chirkov said.

On May 25, 2017, Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov (now Deputy Prime Minister) announced that the State Armaments Program until 2025-2027 included the construction of two universal landing ships (UDC). Later, the United Shipbuilding Corporation clarified that we are talking about helicopter carriers of the Priboy type.

• Marines Pacific Fleet The Russian Federation and soldiers of a special unit of the Indian Armed Forces are disembarking
• Vitaly Ankov / RIA Novosti

On June 18, 2018, the TASS agency reported that JSC Northern Design Bureau, located in St. Petersburg, is working on the creation of a fundamentally new BDK with a displacement of about 8 thousand tons. As specified in the USC, engineers are developing a sketch of the future ship.

The Nevskoye Design Bureau is ready to offer the Ministry of Defense a modernized version of project 11711. The updated version of the BDK will improve "habitability" and driving performance. As Vlasov said earlier, the company is able to meet any customer requirements.

The Ivan Gren is an excellent ship capable of performing the tasks for which it was designed, but it cannot be called fundamentally new, as it was designed for too long. Therefore, we hear statements about the need to modernize project 11711. Considering that there were only problems with the lead ship, the rest of the BDK will be built much faster, ”Tymoshenko concluded.