C 400 export version.

MOSCOW, September 15 - RIA Novosti, Andrey Stanavov. Interception of aircraft and warheads of ICBMs at altitudes up to 27 kilometers, instant deployment and about a hundred simultaneously induced anti-aircraft missiles — unique system S-400 "Triumph" will destroy ballistic targets at the exercises "West-2017". Signed with NATO-member Turkey "Triumphs" has caused a stir in the Russian and Western media. According to The National Interest magazine, this deal will give the alliance the most modern Russian air defense technologies and will allow developing an effective "antidote" for them. However, not everything is so simple. About what they say about the S-400 system in the West and why its main secrets will not leave the borders of Russia - in the material of RIA Novosti.

Demo for NATO

The mobile multi-channel anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) S-400 "Triumph" is the pride of Russian developers. Back in 2007, the system put into service is capable of effectively "removing" from the sky all modern and promising means of aerospace attack, including those flying at speeds up to five kilometers per second.

There is no escape from it in the air - aircraft and cruise missiles are confidently eliminated at a distance of up to 250 kilometers, ballistic missiles - up to 60 kilometers. From traveling position to combat system unfolds in three minutes. "Triumph" can simultaneously conduct up to 300 targets and direct up to 72 missiles at them. Despite the fact that military experts often compare the S-400 system with the American Patriot complex, it hopelessly loses to it in many respects.

The supply of such weapons for export, and even more so to a NATO country, often causes waves of discussion about the possible leakage of secret defense technologies and damage to national security. Even at the stage of preparing the contract, analysts from The National Interest openly stated that Turkey's purchase of the S-400 would provide NATO with valuable data on the operational capabilities of the system and would allow the development of means to neutralize it. According to the author of the article, even "a degraded export version of the S-400 will provide the West with information on how to defeat the latest tools air defense Russia".

However, the Russian military expert, Chief Editor magazine "Arsenal of the Fatherland", Colonel Viktor Murakhovsky called this statement "incompetent chatter", referring to the fact that export samples in terms of combat characteristics, they are significantly inferior to those in service Russian army and gently "freed" from the latest technologies protected by state secrets.

"The preparation of an export passport is controlled by the structure of the Ministry of Defense - the Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation. Without a visa from the defense department, not a single product will go abroad in a configuration that poses a threat to Russia's national security. The same applies to the S-400 complex," Murakhovsky said. RIA News.

The expert recalled that some NATO countries already have anti-aircraft systems Russian-made, and Turkey will not be a pioneer in this. In particular, according to him, Greece has been operating the S-300 and Buk air defense systems for a long time, while no complications have ever arisen.

"Disassemble by screw"

As for the export of S-400s, to date, apart from Turkey, Russia has signed a contract for their supply only with China. The deal was officially announced in April 2015. China intends to purchase three regimental kits - up to 48 launchers. Deliveries should start at current year. In addition, negotiations are underway with India to purchase five regimental kits (up to 80 launchers). The country's Defense Procurement Board approved the deal in December 2015. The parties are still discussing the details.

“All fears about technology leaks are greatly exaggerated, especially in the area that relates to anti-aircraft missile weapons,” Mikhail Khodarenok, editor-in-chief of the Aerospace Frontier magazine, is sure. "Something military secrets, I think, will be left with nothing. Again, such a system was delivered to China, it was probably taken apart there."

At the same time, Mikhail Khodarenok stressed that, despite the cuts in some functions, the export "Triumph" as a whole will retain its combat potential and Turkey will acquire one of the most modern defensive systems in the world, capable of closing the country's airspace with a reliable lock.

"Turkey's main rival in the region is Iran," Andrey Frolov said. "The Islamic Republic has quite powerful Air force. At the same time, Iran can protect itself from a possible retaliatory strike: last year Russia supplied it with four divisions of S-300PMU2 systems. In addition, Ankara, to put it mildly, has tense relations with Damascus, which is armed with long-range tactical and operational-tactical missiles. And Turkey's air defense systems are frankly weak."

Today, in the Turkish Armed Forces, anti-aircraft missile systems long range missing as a class. Now the country's Air Force is equipped anti-aircraft missile systems medium range MIM-14 and MIM-23 manufactured by the US and British Rapier short-range air defense systems. These systems were developed back in the 50-60s of the last century and are now considered obsolete.

The customer, depending on his tasks, can assemble the ammunition of the S-400 Triumph anti-aircraft missile system (SAM), including missiles of various ranges and masses. This was reported by TASS on Wednesday with reference to the general designer of the Almaz-Antey concern Pavel Sozinov.

As Sozinov said in an interview with the NTV channel, the S-400 arsenal includes several types of anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAMs), including long-range, medium-range and strategic missile defense. In addition, there are specialized medium-range munitions that are designed to destroy mass targets.

“Thus, the customer, depending on the tasks to be solved, is able to decide for himself and develop such a rule: what composition of ammunition, in what ratio of heavy and lighter missiles, based on potential threats, solve the problem of covering certain objects on the territory of the country” Pavel Sozinov, General Designer of JSC Concern VKO Almaz-Antey

On the eve of the head of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Sergei Shoigu, that in the near future it is possible to conclude new contracts for the supply of Russian systems S-400 to foreign customers. According to him, a number of countries in the Middle East and Southeast Asia are showing interest in buying Triumphs. “Negotiation work is underway,” the minister added.

Recall that in December last year, the director of international cooperation State Corporation "Rostec" Viktor Kladov, the imminent conclusion of a contract with India for the supply of S-400. According to him, the negotiations are now "at a very advanced stage."

Earlier, in April 2017 in Federal Service on military-technical cooperation, that Russia has begun to execute the contract signed in the spring of 2015 for the supply of S-400 systems to China.

In addition, an agreement was reached on the supply of "Triumphs" to Turkey. Minister of Defense of this country Nurettin Canikli in November that the Turkish side will receive the first such system in 2019. He added that for starters, Turkey is going to purchase two S-400 air defense systems.

The S-400 Triumph air defense missile system is a long and medium-range anti-aircraft missile system designed to destroy all modern and promising aerospace attack weapons. The complex, adopted by the Russian military in 2007, is capable of hitting aircraft and cruise missiles at ranges up to 400 km, as well as ballistic targets flying at speeds up to 4.8 km/s, at ranges up to 60 km. The boundaries of its cover zone in height range from several meters to tens of kilometers.

The West, especially the United States and Germany, is extremely nervous about the possibility of supplying S-400 systems to Turkey. Some politicians even declare the need to impose anti-Turkish sanctions and expel Ankara from NATO. Why Turkey wants to buy exactly Russian complexes Air defense and why is Washington so nervous about it?

“This news, the game that Turkey is playing with a potential systems supplier, is not new. It can be assumed that these data are a reaction to the debate in Germany about the conditions for the supply of weapons to Turkey. Therefore, we do not take this information seriously," he said. official representative German Foreign Ministry Martin Schaeffer, commenting on the deal between Moscow and Ankara about.

In turn, the influential Democratic Senator Ben Cardin proposed imposing sanctions against Turkey and thinking about the advisability of its further participation in NATO. As Cardin noted in a letter to the Treasury Secretary and Secretary of State, the law passed last month provides for the imposition of sanctions against anyone who makes major deals with the defense and intelligence sectors of the Russian Federation.

Earlier, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said that Ankara made the first payment for the C-400 air defense system. In response, the United States expressed its dissatisfaction. In particular, Pentagon spokesman Johnny Miles spoke of "concern" and the "importance of maintaining interoperability within NATO in the implementation of major military procurement programs."

He also noted that Turkey is interested anti-missile systems, which are being developed by NATO allies, including the United States. And he repeated Washington's position that the armaments of countries outside the alliance, in particular Russia, cannot be combined with NATO's.

Erdogan reacted extremely harshly. Speaking to the mayors of Turkish cities in Ankara, he said that his country would continue to independently take measures to ensure its security. “They started yelling when we agreed to buy the S-400. What, should we wait for you? We are taking action on our own and will continue to take it. We ourselves are masters in our own house, ”RIA Novosti reports his words.

And indeed. Turkey has been holding fruitless negotiations with the United States for the supply of Patriot air defense systems for several years. The country has 1,300 kilometers of border with Syria and Iraq, where active fighting, and a chronically hostile Iran, and the Syrians have already shot down a Turkish fighter once.

In addition, Ankara's eternal conflict with its western neighbor and another NATO member - Greece - has long been reduced to. Both sides regularly . But Turkey does not have modern anti-aircraft weapons that could be used against the Greeks, since all NATO systems - both aircraft and air defense systems - are equipped with "friend or foe" identifiers. Roughly speaking,

a Turkish anti-aircraft missile manufactured in the USA or Germany simply will not fly towards a Greek fighter, because it considers it “its own”.

At the same time, Greece had previously acquired Russian air defense systems, which gave it an advantage over Turkish aviation in the Aegean Sea. And, by the way, it became the first NATO member country to actively purchase Russian weapons. So the accusations against Ankara of “violating the corporate spirit of NATO” are not very correct, and the absence of the NATO “friend or foe” system on the export version of the Russian S-400 is one of the main arguments of the United States and Germany.

You need to understand that all export options for modern Russian weapons have differences (sometimes significant) from the basic configuration supplied to the RF Armed Forces. We are not talking now about “climatic” adaptations (for example, tanks improved for desert conditions when sold to the Middle East or for humid areas when sold to India). Export options, as a rule, are excluded and have underestimated performance characteristics.

In addition to the “friend or foe” identifier, the export configuration of the S-400 may not include the 91N6E radar and 48N6M missiles, which will significantly reduce the performance characteristics, but still remain fully meeting the needs of Turkey, say, to combat aerodynamic targets (attack with cruise or ballistic missiles to Ankara does not threaten). In addition, changes are made to software, which makes it impossible to hack and copy it.

Most hardware experts believe that even if the Turks take apart each missile and radar piece by piece, they will not be able to assemble a similar one on their own without “no extra parts left”.

Long negotiations on the supply of American "Patriots" broke down because the Turks wanted to get not only ready-made complexes, but also the ability to independently produce them on their territory. Turkey does not want to be critically dependent on imports in the military sphere, but the country's industry and science capabilities do not yet allow creating something truly modern. The Americans refused to transfer technology, which led to a crisis.

An additional background was the Kurdish Americans and the refusal to extradite a preacher accused in Turkey of organizing a military coup.

In the case of the Russian S-400s, the contract involves not only the supply of two divisions, but also the assembly of two more already in Turkey. On the this moment Ankara does not have an industrial base for the production of such weapons, therefore, the agreement will entail re-equipment Russian specialists and firms of Turkish production sites. That is, if we approach this issue formally, Russia will get access to the defense industry and infrastructure of one of the NATO countries. Together with the construction, this causes a very nervous reaction in Brussels.

Earlier, the Turks tried to hastily strengthen their air defenses with the help of the Chinese CPMIEC system, which, by the way, is much cheaper than the Russian one. Even then, a flurry of accusations from the United States and Europe fell upon Ankara. They are based on the suspicion that the Chinese will infiltrate NATO's air defense infrastructure in this way. But this is a clear exaggeration, since the Turkish air defense system is not fully integrated into the overall NATO air defense system and there is a tendency for Ankara to withdraw from the overall defensive scheme.

Erdogan refused to buy Chinese air defense systems, which was presented in Washington and Brussels as a victory. In reality, the refusal of the deal was caused by dissatisfaction with the quality of Chinese air defense systems and the pointlessness of independently copying third-rate products.

The urgent need to cover their borders with air defense systems has not gone away, and the Turks naturally turned to the military alliance they are a part of, NATO, for help. In 2013, all the same Patriots, mainly belonging to the FRG, were deployed in the south of Anatolia. But subsequently, a diplomatic conflict arose between Ankara and Berlin.

The German constitution restricts military presence Germans abroad and obliges the Bundestag to carry out regular inspections military units outside the country. But Ankara, for ideological reasons, refused to allow German parliamentarians and the military for regular inspections on its territory. Word for word, conflict, and the German division of "Patriots" left Turkey, because the conditions of his stay violated German laws. Since then, the Germans have harbored evil and have become one of the main critics (both officially and through the media) of Ankara's purchases of non-NATO weapons.

Germany itself does not produce anything similar to the S-400, and therefore cannot be a competitor to Russian weapons. But Berlin took on the role of spokesman for NATO's common opinion about Ankara's "wrong" behavior.

Nevertheless, it is safe to assume that there will not be a fundamental break between Turkey and NATO due to the supply of S-400s. For some time we will observe a fascinating skirmish with mutual accusations. The US and Germany will talk about "penetrating Russian technologies into the NATO system,” and Ankara, in response, will begin to pour out phrases about the “selfishness of Europe” and the “disdainful and commanding tone” in which the NATO leadership speaks with a country that has the second largest army in the alliance. But all this "tension" will be virtual. Actually, the NATO Secretary General is already on the purchase of the S-400, but that the purchase of the S-400 is not an alternative to NATO membership for her.

NATO needs Turkey as a “gateway to Asia”, and Turkey needs NATO precisely because of the weakness of the Turkish military-industrial complex, coupled with the urgent need for modernization of a huge, but. Two S-400 divisions will not be able to reverse this situation.

"The system has received an export passport. We are now negotiating the sale of this complex abroad. We have advanced quite far," Dzirklan was quoted by ITAR-TASS. He suggested that a very effective and expensive air defense system is unlikely to be distributed throughout the world.

"Only countries with developed economies and good financial opportunities can afford to buy such systems," the deputy head of the concern said, without voicing the cost of the Triumph. In 2010, the media reported that the average price of one S-400 system could exceed $200 million.

"Now we are leading marketing activities according to the S-400 air defense system. Yes, the S-300 is an effective complex, but if we already have new developments, why not offer them to our customers and potential partners," Dzirklan said, noting that "we need to help friends and allies in ensuring their defense capabilities."

The S-400 Triumph is a long- and medium-range system capable of simultaneously targeting up to 72 missiles at 36 targets at a distance of up to 400 kilometers. SAM, designed, in particular, to destroy cruise missiles, tactical aircraft and strategic aviation(including stealth aircraft), as well as warheads ballistic missiles, was adopted by a government decree of April 28, 2007. The system is capable of detecting a target at a distance of up to 600 kilometers. An important difference between the S-400 and the S-300 is the new anti-aircraft missiles with active homing warheads and increased firing range.

PS According to there is nothing sensational in this message, back in 2009, after two years of trial operation, there were proposals for the export of C400, the position of the developer of C400 and subsequent projects Almaz Antey
can be considered critical, most of the leading specialists were fired and employees of the All-Russian Research Institute "Altair" were introduced into the company, also in an abbreviated version, the company is sorely lacking funds for normal operation and therefore the decision to sell C 400 for export can be considered reasonable, so that somehow save the development team.

By the way, other enterprises in the industry are in the same position or worse.

Everything that is happening with ALMAZ-ANTEY only confirms the idea that no one in Russia is going to global confrontation with the EU and the USA, there are no funds and opportunities for this.

And obviously, without state injections, such industries are doomed to degradation. Well, they will sell a couple of three complexes - this will not solve problems, but competitors can intercept orders.

Air defense index - 40Р6

According to the codification of the US Defense Ministry and NATO - SA-21 Growler, literally "Growler"

Russian anti-aircraft missile system of long and medium range, anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) of a new generation. Designed to destroy all modern and promising funds aerospace attack. On April 28, 2007, by decree of the government of the Russian Federation, the Triumph air defense system was put into service.

Description

The complex is capable of hitting aerodynamic targets at ranges up to 400 km and tactical ballistic targets flying at speeds up to 4.8 km/s at ranges up to 60 km: cruise missiles, tactical and strategic aircraft, ballistic missile warheads. The early detection radar provides a detection range of up to 600 km. The missiles are capable of destroying low-flying targets at a height of 5 m (for comparison: the American Patriot complex is only capable of hitting targets at a height of at least 60 m). It is possible to use several types of missiles with different launch weights and launch ranges, which makes it possible to create a layered defense.

According to the commander-in-chief of the Air Force, “they can effectively repel massive raids modern means air attack under conditions of intense electronic suppression and perform a combat mission in various weather conditions.

The composition of the controls includes the Central Exhibition Complex of the Elbrus-90micro series. The main developer is NPO "Almaz" them. Academician A. A. Raspletin. General designer- Alexander Lemansky.

In the future, it can become the basis for an anti-missile defense system.

The composition of the system 40R6 (S-400)

1. Controls 30K6E consisting of:
-item combat control(PBU) 55K6E based on Ural-5323 01.
- Radar complex (RLK) 91H6E. Anti-jamming panoramic radar. installed on the MZKT-7930. Works in the decimeter range.

2. Up to 6 anti-aircraft missile systems 98Zh6E. Maximum 10 targets with 20 missiles aimed at them, each consisting of:
-Multifunctional radar (MRLS) 92N2E with a range of 400 km. 100 targets.
- Up to 12 transport launchers (TPU) of the 5P85TE2 and / or 5P85SE2 type on a trailer.

3. 48N6E, 48N6E2, 48N6E3 anti-aircraft missiles of the existing S-300PMU1, ?2 air defense systems, as well as 9M96E and 9M96E2 missiles and a 40N6E ultra-long-range missile.
4. A set of technical support tools for the 30Ts6E system.
S-400 Proprietary Radar Systems: 2-Way Phased Active Array (PAA) Anti-jamming Surround Radar

Possible elements of S-400 (98ZH6E): 15I6ME - to move a distance of 98ZH6E 30/60/90 km from 30K6E. All-altitude detector 96L6E - universal complex(all functions), detection range 300 km. 40B6M - tower for 92N6E or 96L6E. Anti-stealth radars: Enemy-GE, Gamma-DE. Passive sensor (locator) for target designation on Orion air defense systems (coordinates 1 of 3), Avtobaza-M passive sensor(locator) for target designation on air defense systems (coordinates 2 remaining of 3). It is possible to use S-200D "Dubna" missiles 400 km. As well as various (version P) S-300 radar systems without the participation of additional command and control centers. It is possible to use S-300 missiles. A-50 / 50U Early warning aircraft, command and control transfer of target designation.

The 30K6E control system can control:

System S-400 Triumph 98ZH6E;
-S-300PMU2 (via 83M6E2 control system);
-S-300PMU1 (through the 83M6E control system);
-Tor-M1 through Ranjir-M mobile command post;

Pantsir-S1 through CP Pantsir;

Radar 96L6E / 30K6E system administration, Opponent-GE, Gamma-DE. Possibility of integration with 92H6E radar support system with each battery for:

Baikal-E senior command posts and others like that;
- In the access zone (30-40 km) 30K6E, 83M6E and 83M6E2 control systems;
-Polyana-D4M1 command post;
- Air Force Command Post.
For export deliveries, in coordination with foreign customers, equipment is possible to integrate the 30K6E control system into customer protection systems.

Components

Command center PBU 55K6E
Automatic operation, serves command center for the entire system (all battalions and all external resources, including passive ones). The maximum distance between the command center and the 98ZH6E battalion using repeaters is up to 100 km.

Launchers 5P85TE2 / 5P85SE2 on a trailer.
5P85TE2 launchers and/or 5P85SE2 on a trailer in combination with BAZ-64022 or MAZ-543 M tractor-trailer. Possibility of free movement on the ground. Fuel consumption - 35%. The total cost of the launch vehicle is 25% (the cost of cars in 2014 is 8.7 million rubles)

rockets

By special order of the President of the Russian Federation, five indices of anti-aircraft missiles that the S-400 air defense system can launch are disclosed - 48N6E, 48N6E2, 48N6EZ, 9M96E2, 40N6E.

The 9M96M missile, when one missile is launched, provides the probability of intercepting a tactical aircraft - 0.9, UAV - 0.8. It is capable of maneuvering with an overload of 20G at an altitude of up to 35 km, which significantly increases the ability to intercept medium and short-range ballistic missiles. Maximum overload in maneuver 22G for 48N6E3, warhead weight 180 kg.

Tests

On July 12-13, 2007, target shooting was carried out at the Kapustin Yar range. The first target was shot down at a speed of 2800 m / s, the second target missile "Kaban" was detected and then destroyed at an altitude of 16 km.

February 18, 2011 during the audit new technology two S-400 divisions of the 210th anti-aircraft missile regiment took part, the target was destroyed at a speed of 550 m / s.

In August 2013, the S-400 was tested for the first time as part of a tactical exercise.

Deployment

Deployment in Russia

On August 6, 2007, in the city of Elektrostal, Moscow Region, the first division armed with the S-400 Triumph anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) took up combat duty. In 2009, the second division was added to it, which together with the first made up the 606th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (a total of 16 launchers).

On May 16, 2011, the second regiment, equipped with S-400 air defense systems, took up duty - the 210th anti-aircraft missile regiment in the city of Dmitrov (2 divisions, each with 8 launchers).

As of January 29, 2014, only 5 S-400 regiments were formed, namely: in the Moscow region, in the Baltic and Pacific Fleets and in the Southern Military District. Each regiment includes two S-400 divisions with eight launchers each.

12 regiments / 25 divisions / 200 launchers for 2015 posted:

1. 2 divisions in 4 DPVO VVKO 606 zrp (Elektrostal) Mos. region, (In 2007 the first division was deployed, in 2009 the second division was delivered);
2. 2 divisions in 5 DPVO VVKO 210 zrp (Dmitrov) Mos. region, (deployed in 2011);
3. 2 divisions in 5 DPVO VVKO 93 zrp (Zvenigorod) Mos. region, (deployed in 2012);
4. 2 divisions in 93 Air Defense Forces 589 Air Force and Air Defense Srp (Nakhodka) (deployed in 2012);
5. 2 divisions in 44 DPVO 183 zrp BF (Kaliningrad) (deployed in 2013);
6. 2 divisions in 51 Air Defense Forces 1537 Air Force and Air Defense Srp (Novorossiysk) (deployed in 2013);

7. 2 divisions in 4 DPVO 549 zrp VVKO (Kurilovo) Mos. region, 4th regiment in the Moscow region (deployed in 2014);
8. 2 divisions in 1 Air Defense Forces 531 zrp OSK "North" (Polyarny) (deployed in 2014);
9. 3 divisions in 53 DPVO 1532 zrp Pacific Fleet (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky), differs from those previously delivered by the presence of 24 launchers (3 divisions), deployed in 2015;
10. 2 divisions in 41 Air Defense Forces 590 Air Force and Air Defense Srp (Novosibirsk) (the first regimental set delivered in 2015);
11. 2 divisions in the 2nd air defense division ( Leningrad region) (second regimental set delivered in 2015);
12. 2 divisions in 93 Air Defense Forces 1533 Air Force and Air Defense Srp (Vladivostok) (third regiment set delivered in 2015)
There are plans to place the S-400 Triumph air defense system on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago.

According to plans, 5 regimental sets will be delivered in 2016.

In total, it is planned to acquire 56 divisions by 2020; for the defense of Moscow up to four S-400 regiments by 2020 (the fourth regiment in the Moscow region was deployed already in 2014). Armed forces Starting from 2014, Russia will receive two or three regimental sets of S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems per year with an increase in rates. Provision is made for the purchase of 28 S-400 regimental kits.

Deployment in Syria

November 26, 2015 anti-aircraft missile system The S-400 was deployed in Syria at the Russian Khmeimim air base in Latakia and took up duty. The transfer took place with the help of An-124 Ruslan military transport aircraft from one of the regiments near Moscow.

Is in service

Russia - 12 regiments / 25 divisions / 200 launchers as of December 1, 2015.
-Algeria - according to unconfirmed reports, 3-4 regiments as of July 2015.
-China - the conclusion of the contract was officially announced in April 2015, deliveries are expected to begin in 2017.
-India - in November 2015, an agreement was announced for the supply of S-400 complexes to India in the amount of about $ 10 billion. The official conclusion of the contract is planned during a visit to Moscow by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which is expected in December 2015.

Project evaluation

According to a study by the Australian think tank Air Power Australia, published in February 2009, the C-400 significantly outperforms American systems Air Defense Patriot.

On June 28, 2012, the commander of the air defense and missile defense forces of the Russian aerospace defense forces, Major General Andrei Demin, said that a new long-range missile for anti-aircraft missile systems The S-400 has already been tested, and it will soon enter service with the troops.

Basic characteristics