Intercontinental ballistic missile Topol-M. Lucky number sixteen: an eight-axle MAZ for the Topol-M rocket

RT-2PM2 "Topol-M" (according to the classification of the US Defense Ministry and NATO - SS-27 Sickle) is a Russian strategic missile system with an intercontinental ballistic missile 15Zh65, developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s on the basis of the RT-2PM Topol complex. The first ICBM developed in the Russian Federation after the collapse of the USSR.

The 15Zh65 rocket of the RT-2PM2 complex is a three-stage solid propellant. The maximum range is 11,000 km. Carries one thermonuclear warhead with a capacity of 550 kt. It is based both in silos and on mobile launchers.

In the mine-based variant, it was put into service in 2000. Over the next decade, "Topol-M" can become the basis of armament of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces.

History of creation

In March 1992, it was decided to develop the Topol-M complex based on the developments under the Universal program (in April, Yuzhnoye ceased its participation in the work on the complex). By decree of Boris Yeltsin dated February 27, 1993, MIT became the lead enterprise for the development of Topol-M. The control system was developed at the NPO Automation and Instrument Engineering, the combat unit - at the Sarov VNIIEF. The production of missiles was launched at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant.

Rocket testing began in 1994. The first launch was carried out from a silo launcher at the Plesetsk cosmodrome on December 20, 1994. In 1997, after four successful launches, mass production of these missiles began. The act on the adoption by the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation of the Topol-M intercontinental ballistic missile was approved by the State Commission on April 28, 2000, and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the adoption of the DBK into service was signed by Vladimir Putin in the summer of 2000, after which the mobile ground-based missile system entered flight tests (PGRK) based on the eight-axle chassis MZKT-79221. The first launch from a mobile launcher was carried out on September 27, 2000.

Technologies developed at Topol-M are used in the new Bulava sea-based ICBM.

Accommodation

Putting the mobile-based complex on combat duty began in December 2006 in the 54th Guards Missile Division (Teykovo), the location of which is still being modernized. At the same time, it became known that President Vladimir Putin signed a new state arms program until 2015, which provides for the purchase of 69 Topol-M ICBMs.
In 2008, Nikolai Solovtsov announced the start of equipping Topol-M missiles with multiple reentry vehicles (MIRVs) in the near future. Equipping "Topol-M" MIRV will be the most important way to maintain nuclear capability Russia. "Topol-M" with MIRV will enter service in 2010.

Characteristics

The mobile complex consists of one 15Zh65 rocket placed in a high-strength fiberglass TPK mounted on an eight-axle MZKT-79221 chassis.
The 15Zh65 rocket consists of three stages with solid propellant propulsion engines. Aluminum is used as fuel, ammonium perchlorate acts as an oxidizing agent. The stair cases are made of composites. All three stages are equipped with a rotary nozzle for deflecting the thrust vector (there are no lattice aerodynamic rudders).
The launch method is mortar for both options. The rocket's solid propellant main engine allows it to pick up speed much faster than previous types of rockets of a similar class, created in Russia and the Soviet Union. This greatly complicates its interception by missile defense systems in the active phase of the flight.

The missile is equipped with a detachable warhead with one thermonuclear warhead with a capacity of 550 kt TNT equivalent. The warhead is also equipped with a set of means to overcome missile defense. PCB PRO consists of passive and active decoys, as well as means of distorting the characteristics of the warhead. Several dozen auxiliary correction engines, instruments and control mechanisms allow the warhead to perform maneuvers on the trajectory, making it difficult to intercept it in the final section of the trajectory. Some sources claim that LCs are indistinguishable from warheads in all ranges of electromagnetic radiation (optical, infrared, radar).

RT-2PM2 "Topol-M" is a strategic missile system, work on the creation of which began back in Soviet period, but fine-tuning and mass production were already carried out by Russian enterprises. "Topol-M" is the first model of ICBM, created after the collapse of the USSR. Today, the Russian army is armed with silo (15P165) and mobile (15P155) based missile systems.

"Topol-M" was the result of the modernization of the Soviet strategic missile system "Topol", surpassing its predecessor in almost all major characteristics. Currently, Topol-M forms the basis of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces. It was developed by the designers of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT).

Since 2011, the Russian Ministry of Defense has stopped purchasing new Topol-M complexes, resources have been directed to the creation and deployment of Yars RS-24 intercontinental ballistic missiles.

From the very beginning, the creators of the Topol-M missile system were given quite serious restrictions regarding, first of all, the overall characteristics of the rocket. Therefore, the main emphasis in its development was placed on increasing the survivability of the complex in the face of enemy nuclear strikes and on the ability of warheads to overcome the enemy missile defense system. The maximum firing range of the complex is 11 thousand km.

According to a number of experts, the Topol-M missile system is not ideal option for the Russian Strategic Missile Forces. It had to be created due to the lack of other alternatives. The disadvantages of ICBMs are largely related to the characteristics of the Topol complex, on the basis of which it was created. And although the designers managed to improve many parameters, they, of course, could not perform a miracle.

History of creation

Work on a new intercontinental ballistic missile with solid propellant engines began in the mid-80s. The project was carried out by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering and the Dnepropetrovsk design bureau Yuzhnoye. The designers were tasked with creating a universal rocket for stationary and mobile missile systems. The only difference between them was the engine of the warhead breeding stage: the designers planned to install a liquid engine on the silo-based missiles, and a solid-propellant engine on the mobile complexes.

In 1992, Yuzhnoye Design Bureau ceased participation in the project, and the completion of development fell entirely on the shoulders of the Russian side. At the beginning of 1993, a presidential decree appeared, which regulated further work on the missile system, and guarantees were also given for further funding. MIT was appointed as the lead enterprise for this project.

Designers needed to develop a universal rocket suitable for various kinds based, with high accuracy, flight range, capable of overcoming the enemy's anti-missile defense system.

Topol-M was created as a modernization of the Soviet Topol missile system. At the same time, the SVN-1 Treaty clearly defined what exactly should be considered modernization and what characteristics of the complex should be changed. The new ballistic missile had to differ in one of the following characteristics:

• the number of steps;
• fuel type of at least one of the stages;
• rocket length or first stage length;
• diameter of the first stage;
• the mass that the rocket could throw;
• starting weight.

Based on the foregoing, it becomes clear that the designers of the missile system were initially severely limited. Therefore, the performance characteristics (TTX) of the Topol-M missile could not seriously differ from its predecessor. The main differences were the features of the missile's flight and its ability to overcome enemy missile defense.

Improved solid-propellant engines of the three stages of the rocket made it possible to significantly reduce the duration of the active phase of the rocket's flight, which seriously reduced the likelihood of it being hit by anti-missile systems. The missile guidance system has become much more resistant to electromagnetic radiation and other factors nuclear explosion.

State tests of the new missile began in 1994. The Topol-M was successfully launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome. Then several more launches were carried out, and in 1997 the mass production of the Topol-M complex began. In 2000, the silo-based Topol-M missile system was put into service, and tests and launches of the mobile complex began in the same year.

Placement of "Topol-M" silo-based began in 1997 in the mines that were previously used for missiles UR-100N. At the end of 1998, the first missile regiment took up combat duty. Mobile complexes "Topol-M" began to massively enter the troops in 2005, at the same time a new Government program rearmament, according to which until 2019 the Ministry of Defense planned to purchase 69 new ICBMs.

In 2005, the Topol-M rocket with a maneuverable warhead was launched. It became part of the program of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces to create means to overcome the American missile defense system. The warhead with a ramjet hypersonic engine was also tested.

From 1994 to 2014, there were sixteen launches of Topol-M ICBMs, of which only one launch was considered unsuccessful: the missile deviated from its course and was eliminated. Launches were carried out both from silo-based installations and from mobile missile systems.

In 2008, a decision was made to install multiple warheads on the Topol-M ICBM. The first such missiles began to enter the troops in 2010. A year earlier, it was announced that the production of Topol-M mobile complexes had been stopped and that work had begun on a complex with higher performance.

The device of the complex

The basis of the mobile and stationary missile system "Topol-M" is the ICBM 15ZH65.

The missile has three stages and a warhead breeding stage, all of which are equipped with solid propellant engines. Each stage has a one-piece body made of composite materials (“cocoon” type). Rocket engine nozzles are also made of carbon-based composite materials, which control the flight of the rocket. Unlike its predecessors, the Topol-M2 ICBM does not have lattice rudders and stabilizers.

A rocket from both complexes is launched by a mortar launch. The launch weight of the projectile is 47 tons.

The missile warheads have a special coating that reduces their visibility on radar screens, and can also release special aerosols - sources of infrared radiation. New missile propulsion engines can significantly reduce the active phase of the flight, where it is most vulnerable. In addition, in this section of the flight, the missile can maneuver, which makes its destruction even more problematic.

The high level of resistance of the missile and warheads against damaging factors nuclear explosion were achieved through a whole range of measures:

• covering the body of the rocket with a special composition;
• application in the creation of a control system of an elementary base that is more resistant to an electromagnetic pulse;
• the control system equipment is placed in a separate sealed compartment, covered with a special composition of rare earth elements;
• the cable network of the rocket is reliably shielded;
• when a cloud of a nuclear explosion passes, the rocket makes a so-called program maneuver.

The power of solid propellant charges of all rocket engines is much higher than that of its predecessors, which allows it to pick up speed much faster.

The probability of overcoming the American missile defense system for warheads of Topol-M ICBMs is 60-65%, work is underway to increase this value to 80%.

The missile control system is inertial, based on a digital computer and a gyro-stabilized platform. "Topol-M" can successfully launch and fulfill its mission even in the case of blocking high-altitude nuclear strikes on the area of ​​​​the complex's deployment.

It should be noted that the Topol-M ICBM was created using the developments and technologies obtained in the manufacture of the Topol ICBM, which significantly reduced the time to create a rocket, and also reduced the cost of the project.

The rearmament of the Strategic Missile Forces units proceeded using the already existing infrastructure, which also made it possible to significantly reduce economic costs. This was especially important in the late 1990s, when Russian economy experienced not the best of times.

To install silo-based Topol-M missiles, the mines of missiles removed from combat duty were used. Mine installations of Soviet heavy ICBMs were converted under Topol. At the same time, an additional five meters of concrete was poured into the base of the mine, and some additional transformations were carried out. Most of the mining equipment was reused, which significantly reduced the cost of deploying the complex, and also accelerated the work.

Each Topol-M stationary missile system consists of ten missiles in launchers and one high-security command post. It is located in a special shaft on shock absorbers, which makes it less vulnerable to enemy attacks. The missile is enclosed in a special metal transport and launch container.

Mobile-based Topol-M is mounted on an MZKT-79221 off-road chassis with 8 axles. The missile is placed in a high-strength transport and launch container made of fiberglass. Structurally, the missiles of the mobile and mine complexes do not differ. The weight of one launcher is 120 tons, and its length is 22 meters. Six pairs of wheels can turn, which provides the mobile complex with a minimum turning radius.

The specific pressure of the wheels of a mobile unit on the ground is less than that of a conventional truck, which provides it with high cross-country ability. The unit is equipped with a 12-cylinder engine with a capacity of 800 liters. With. It can cross a ford with a depth of 1.1 meters.

When creating a mobile complex, previous experience in creating such machines was taken into account. High cross-country ability and maneuverability significantly increase the survivability of the complex, allowing it to leave the zone of a probable enemy strike as soon as possible.

The launch can be made from any soil, from any location of the complex, equipped with means of camouflage against various means of detection (optical, infrared, radar).

Mass production launchers established at the Volgograd plant "Barricades".

In 2013, missile units armed with Topol-M mobile launchers received thirteen special camouflage vehicles and engineering support. Their main task is to destroy traces of missile systems, as well as to create false positions that would be visible to reconnaissance means of a potential enemy.

Tactical and technical characteristics

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Complex RT-2PM2 "Topol-M"(code RS-12M2, according to NATO classification - SS-27 Sickle "Serp") - Russian strategic missile system with an intercontinental ballistic missile, developed in the late 1980s - early 1990s on the basis of the RT-2PM "Topol" complex .

First intercontinental ballistic missile, developed in Russia after the collapse of the USSR. Adopted in 1997. The lead developer of the missile system is the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT).

Rocket complex "Topol-M" is a solid fuel, three-stage. The maximum range is 11,000 km. Carries one thermonuclear warhead with a capacity of 550 kt. The missile is based both in silo launchers (silos) and on mobile launchers. In the mine-based variant, it was put into service in 2000.

Stationary complex "Topol-M" includes 10 intercontinental ballistic missiles mounted in silo launchers, as well as a command post.

Main characteristics:

Number of steps - 3
Length (with warhead) - 22.55 m
Length (without warhead) - 17.5 m
Diameter - 1.81 m
Starting weight - 46.5 tons
Cast weight 1.2 t
Type of fuel - solid mixed
Maximum range - 11000 km
Warhead type - monoblock, nuclear, detachable
The number of warheads - 1 + about 20 dummies
Charge power - 550 Kt
Control system - autonomous, inertial based on the BTsVK
Basing method - mine and mobile

Mobile complex "Topol-M" represents one missile placed in a high-strength fiberglass transport and launch container (TPK), mounted on an eight-axle chassis MZKT-79221 with high cross-country ability and structurally practically does not differ from the mine version. The weight of the launcher is 120 tons. Six of the eight pairs of wheels are swivel, which provides a turning radius of 18 meters.

The pressure on the ground of the installation is two times less than that of a conventional truck. Engine V-shaped 12-cylinder turbocharged diesel YaMZ-847 with a power of 800 hp. The depth of the ford to be overcome is up to 1.1 meters.

When creating the systems and units of the mobile Topol-M, a number of fundamentally new technical solutions were used in comparison with the Topol complex. Thus, the incomplete hanging system makes it possible to deploy the Topol-M launcher even on soft soils. Improved patency and maneuverability of the installation, which increases its survivability.

"Topol-M" is capable of launching from anywhere in the position area, and also has improved means of camouflage, both against optical and other reconnaissance means (including by reducing the infrared component of the unmasking field of the complex, as well as the use of special coatings that reduce radar visibility).

intercontinental missile consists of three stages with solid propellant propulsion engines. Aluminum is used as fuel, ammonium perchlorate acts as an oxidizing agent. The stair cases are made of composites. All three stages are equipped with a rotary nozzle for deflecting the thrust vector (there are no lattice aerodynamic rudders).

Control system- inertial, based on the onboard computer and gyro-stabilized platform. The complex of high-speed command gyroscopic instruments has improved accuracy characteristics. The new BTsVK has increased productivity and resistance to the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion. Aiming is provided through the implementation of an autonomous determination of the azimuth of the control element installed on a gyro-stabilized platform using a ground-based command instrumentation complex located on the TPK. Increased combat readiness, accuracy and continuous operation life of onboard equipment are provided.

Start method - mortar for both options. The rocket's solid propellant main engine allows it to pick up speed much faster than previous types of rockets of a similar class, created in Russia and the Soviet Union. This greatly complicates its interception by missile defense systems in the active phase of the flight.

The missile is equipped with a detachable warhead with one thermonuclear warhead with a capacity of 550 kt TNT equivalent. The warhead is also equipped with a set of means to overcome missile defense. The complex of means of overcoming missile defense consists of passive and active decoys, as well as means of distorting the characteristics of the warhead. Several dozen auxiliary correction engines, instruments and control mechanisms allow the warhead to perform maneuvers on the trajectory, making it difficult to intercept it in the final section of the trajectory.

decoys indistinguishable from warheads in all ranges of electromagnetic radiation (optical, laser, infrared, radar). False targets make it possible to imitate the characteristics of warheads in almost all selective characteristics on the extra-atmospheric, transitional and significant part of the atmospheric section of the descending branch of the flight path of missile warheads, are resistant to the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion and radiation from a super-powerful nuclear-pumped laser. For the first time, false targets have been designed that can withstand super-resolution radars.

In connection with the termination of the START-2 treaty, which prohibited the creation of multiply charged intercontinental ballistic missiles, the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering is working on equipping the Topol-M with individually targetable multiple warheads. Perhaps the result of these works is . A mobile version of this complex, located on the chassis of an eight-axle tractor MZKT-79221, is currently being tested.

/Based on materials rbase.new-factoria.ru and en.wikipedia.org /

RS-12M is designed to destroy strategic targets at intercontinental ranges.

The RS-12M is a mobile ground-based intercontinental strategic missile, which significantly increases its survivability in combat conditions.

One of the most successful Russian modern complexes was considered the Topol mobile ground-based missile system (SS-25 "Sickle" according to NATO classification) with the RS-12M missile. It became the first mobile complex equipped with an intercontinental range missile, put into service after almost two decades of unsuccessful attempts by various design organizations.

2.

Development

Development of a strategic mobile complex " Poplar»( RS-12M) with a three-stage intercontinental ballistic missile suitable for placement on a self-propelled vehicle chassis (based on ICBMs 15Zh58 on solid mixed fuel weighing 45 tons with a monoblock nuclear warhead weighing 1 t) was launched July 19, 1977 years at the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering under the leadership of the chief designer Alexandra Nadiradze in 1975 year. After death A. Nadiradze(was director and chief designer of MIT 1961-1987 years, died in 1987 year), the work was continued under the guidance of Boris Lagutin(gen. designer MIT 1987-1993 gg.). A mobile launcher on a wheeled chassis was developed by the Central Design Bureau "Titan" at the Volgograd plant "Barikady".

3 - 8. Self-propelled launcher (15U168) 9. Self-propelled launcher (15U128.1)

Rocket RT-2PM

Rocket 15Zh58 made according to the scheme with three marching steps. To ensure high energy-mass perfection and increase the firing range in all marching stages, a new, developed at the Lyubertsy LNPO Soyuz, a more advanced mixed fuel of increased density with a specific impulse increased by several units was used compared to the fillers of previously created engines.

10. 11.

All three steps have RDTT with one fixed nozzle. On the outer surface of the tail section of the first stage there were folding rotary lattice aerodynamic rudders (4 pcs.), Used for flight control in conjunction with gas-jet rudders and 4 lattice aerodynamic stabilizers. The second stage structurally consists of a connecting compartment and a mid-flight RDTT. The third stage has almost the same design, but it additionally includes a transition compartment, to which the head part is attached.

12. First step

13. Second step

14. Third stage

15. Tail section

16. The combat stage of the RS-12M rocket

The bodies of the upper stages were for the first time made by the method of continuous winding from organoplastic according to the "cocoon" scheme. The third stage was equipped with a transition compartment for attaching the warhead. Controlling the firing range was the most difficult technical task and was carried out by cutting off the third-stage propulsion engine, using a thrust cut-off unit, with eight reversible bells and "windows" cut through DUZ ami ( DUZ- detonating elongated charge) in the organoplastic power structure of the body. The thrust cut-off unit was located on the front bottom of the upper stage housing.

An autonomous, inertial control system was developed at the NPO Automation and Instrumentation under the guidance of Vladimir Lapygin. The aiming system was developed under the guidance of the chief designer of the Kyiv plant "Arsenal" Serafima Parnyakova. The inertial control system has its own onboard computer, which made it possible to achieve high firing accuracy. The control system provides missile flight control, routine maintenance on the missile and launcher, pre-launch preparation and missile launch. All operations of pre-launch preparation and launch, as well as preparatory and maintenance work are fully automated.

The head part is monoblock, nuclear weighing about 1 ton. The head part includes a propulsion system and a control system that provides circular probable deviation ( QUO) 400 m (so our sources say, in the West the accuracy is estimated at 150-200 m). " Poplar"equipped with a set of means to overcome the missile defense of a potential enemy. The nuclear warhead was created at the All-Union Research Institute of Experimental Physics under the leadership of the chief designer Samvel Kocharyants. According to Western sources, the missile was tested at least once with four individually targetable warheads, but this option was not further developed.

The flight control of the rocket is carried out by rotary gas-jet and lattice aerodynamic rudders. New nozzle devices for solid propellant engines have been created. To ensure stealth, camouflage, false complexes, and camouflage have been developed. Like the previous mobile complexes of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. Rocket 15Zh58 produced in Votkinsk.

The entire life of the rocket 15ZH58 (RT-2PM) conducts in a sealed transport and launch container 22 m long and 2 m in diameter.

Initially, the warranty period for the operation of the rocket was 10 years. Later the warranty period was extended to 15 years.

Launcher and equipment

During operation, the rocket is located in a transport and launch container installed on a mobile launcher. It is mounted on the basis of a seven-axle chassis of a MAZ heavy truck. The rocket is launched from a vertical position using a powder pressure accumulator ( PAD), located in the transport and launch container ( TPK).

The launcher was developed at the Volgograd Central Design Bureau "Titan" under the leadership of Valeriana Soboleva and Viktor Shurygin.

As a chassis for the launcher of the mobile complex, a seven-axle MAZ-7912 (15U128.1), later MAZ-7917 (15U168) wheel arrangement 14x12 (factory "Barricades" in Volgograd). This car of the Minsk Automobile Plant is equipped with a 710 hp diesel engine. Yaroslavl Motor Plant. chief designer of a rocket launcher Vladimir Tsvyalev. The vehicle was equipped with a sealed transport and launch container with a diameter of 2 m and a length of 22 m. The mass of the launcher with the rocket was about 100 tons. Despite this, the complex Poplar"had good mobility and patency.

Solid propellant charges of engines were developed in the Lyubertsy NPO "Soyuz" under the guidance of Boris Zhukov(later the association was headed Zinovy Pack). Composite materials and the container were developed and manufactured at the Central Research Institute of Special Machine Building under the guidance of Victor Protasova. Rocket hydraulic steering drives and self-propelled launcher hydraulic drives were developed at the Moscow Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics.

Some sources reported that the launch could have been made from any point on the patrol route, but according to more accurate information: “ Upon receipt of a launch order ASBU, calculation APU is obliged to take the nearest waypoint suitable for launch and deploy APU» .

note- the nearest suitable one, which means predetermined and having certain coordinates, plus previously prepared in the engineering issue and plotted on the route map. To this end, periodically in accordance with plans NS and ZBU reconnaissance of field positions and patrol routes is carried out, during which list of works where to cut down, level, add or strengthen. This is practically and is called from any point. [Ed.]

In the field (i.e. on the field BSP and MBP shelves " Poplars"are on combat duty, as a rule, for 1.5 months in winter and the same amount in summer).

Start RS-12M could also be produced directly from a special unit 15U135 « Crown" wherein " Poplars» are on combat duty on stationary BSP. For this, the roof of the hangar is made sliding.

Initially, the roof was retractable, andon the locking device, which did not allow the cables with loads -concrete counterweights -at the end (like a weight on a chain on walkers) to fall were installedsquibs.At the command to start (in the sequence diagram of the mode« Start”), a command was sent to trigger the squibs, and then the loads pulled the cables with their weight and the roof moved apart.

In severe winter conditions, such a scheme proved to be negative (it is impossible to determine the exact mass of the counterweight due to snowfall, the average reading led either to jamming or to a breakdown from the guides, besides this, it is impossible to determine the condition of the squib without shooting). Therefore, the squibs were replaced with older and more reliable ones (compared to pioneer improved) electromechanical drives. [Ed.]

Combat readiness (time to prepare for the launch) from the moment the order was received to the launch of the rocket was increased to two minutes.

In order to be able to start PU hung on jacks and leveled. These operations enter deployment mode. The missile container is then lifted to a vertical position. To do this, in the "Start" mode, a powder pressure accumulator is triggered ( PAD) located on the very APU. It is needed in order for the hydraulic system to lift the boom with TPK into the vertical. In other words, this is an ordinary gas generator. On the Pioneer, the boom was raised (i.e., the hydraulic pump engine was working) from the drive from the propulsion engine ( HD) chassis, which led to the need to have a system to maintain HD in the "hot state", duplicate the start system HD air balloons, etc. But such a scheme somewhat reduced reliability.

Start type - artillery: after installation TPK to a vertical position and the shooting of its upper protective cap is triggered first by the first PAD TPK– for extending the movable bottom TPK to "rest" on the ground for more stability, and then the second PAD already pushes the rocket to a height of several meters, after which the main engine of the first stage is launched.

Control APU carried out PKP « Zenith"(divisional link) and" Granite"(regimental link).

For the Topol complex, a mobile command post of the regiment was developed ( PKP RP). Aggregates PKP RP placed on the chassis MAZ-543. Compound PKP RP:

Unit 15V168- command and control vehicle

Unit 15V179– communication machine 1

Unit 15V75– communication vehicle 2

Each unit was accompanied by a unit MOBD(combat support vehicle), also on the chassis MAZ-543. At first it was a unit 15V148, then (with 1989 g.) unit 15V231.

One MOBD included the functions of 4 units of the complex Pioneer: MDES, canteen, hostel, MDSO). Those. had diesel units, household compartment, BPU.

APU RK « Poplar» were equipped with a modernized system RBU, which made it possible to receive commands to start using the system " Perimeter» for 3 ranges.

18.		19.
20.		21.
22.		23.
24.		25. SPU occupies the field combat training starting position (PUBSP)
26. Loading equipment onto platforms to send av arsenal.		27. SPU exit from the facility 15U135 (Krona).
28. Missile division on the march.		29. SPU in the field position.
32. An example of the location of structures at the starting position		31.
30.		32. 1. Starting position Novosibirsk-2
32. 2. Starting position Novosibirsk-2		32. 3. Starting position Novosibirsk-2

Trials and deployment

33. 34. 35. 36. 37

On October 27, 1982, as part of the first stage of LKI-1, the first and only launch of the 15Zh58 rocket from the Kapustin Yar test site took place.

AT February 1983 year PGRK " Poplar”was released for flight tests. The first flight test of the rocket at the 53rd NIIP MO (now the 1st GIK MO) Plesetsk was carried out February 8, 1983 g. (here it should be clarified - according to other sources, this launch took place 18th of Febuary) This and two subsequent launches were made from converted stationary missile silos RT-2P. One of the launches was unsuccessful. The series of tests continued until December 23, 1987 d. In total, more than 70 launches of this rocket were carried out.

AT 1984 In 1999, the construction of stationary facilities and the equipment of combat patrol routes for mobile missile systems began. Poplar» in positional areas removed from duty ICBM RT-2P and UR-100 located in silos OS. Later, the arrangement of positional areas removed from service under the contract was carried out. RIAC medium range complexes.

The development of the elements of the complex proceeded in stages, and apparently the greatest difficulties were associated with the system combat control.

The first series of tests was successfully completed by the middle 1985 city ​​(during April 1985 15 test launches took place).

It was decided in order to gain experience in operating the new complex RT-2PM (15P158) in military units deploy it in one of the units.It was done and July 23, 1985 G. in the area of ​​Yoshkar-Ola, a complex consisting of 9 launchers was first put on combat duty in the 779th missile regiment of the PGRK (commander - Lieutenant Colonel Dremov V.V.). And in November 1985, the regiment first went on combat duty to field positions.

At the same time, the development of the combat control system, obviously, continued.

FROM 1985 In the 1990s, mass production of missiles was located at a plant in Votkinsk (Udmurtia), and a mobile launcher was manufactured at the Volgograd plant "Barrikada".

In parallel, in 1985 year based on the second and third stages of the rocket 15Zh58 a mobile soil complex of medium range was developed " Speed". The first and only launch of the 15Zh66 rocket of the Speed ​​complex took place on March 1, 1985. The maximum firing range of this complex was greater than that of the Temp-S front-line complex and less than that of the Pioneer complex. Such a range, with powerful combat equipment, made it possible to squeeze into the launch weight of the rocket, which provided an acceptable total weight and dimensions of the self-propelled launcher. Acceptable in order to "ride" on the territory of the countries of Eastern Europe. Thus, the question of flying time for London, Rome, Bonn was removed. For political reasons, the adoption of this complex for service did not take place.

The first regiment, equipped with a mobile regimental command post (PKP "Barrier"), was put on combat duty only April 28, 1987 city ​​(near the city of Nizhny Tagil).

Part of the PGRK " Poplar"was deployed in the newly created positional areas. After signing in 1987 of the INF Treaty, for basing complexes " Poplar"Some positional areas of dismantled medium-range PGRKs began to be re-equipped" Pioneer».

Test launches of missiles, as previously mentioned, ended December 23, 1987 city, however, fully testing the mobile complex, and not just missiles, ended only in December 1988 g., therefore, the final decision on the adoption of the Topol complex for service dates back to December 1, 1988 g., i.e. more than three years after the start of trial operation.

May 27, 1988 The first missile regiment with a modernized mobile regimental command post (PKP "Granit", near the city of Irkutsk) was put on combat duty.

At the time of signing the Agreement START-1 in 1991 The USSR had 288 missile systems " Poplar". After signing START-1 the deployment of these complexes was continued.

Missile divisions " Poplars"were deployed near the cities of Barnaul, Verkhnyaya Salda (Nizhny Tagil), Vypolzovo (Bologoe), Yoshkar-Ola, Teikovo, Yurya, Novosibirsk, Kansk, Irkutsk, as well as near the village of Drovyanaya, Chita Region. Nine regiments (81 launchers) were deployed in missile divisions on the territory of Belarus - near the cities of Lida, Mozyr and Postavy.

As of the end 1996 The Strategic Missile Forces had 360 PGRK " Poplar».

Every year, one control launch of the missile is carried out. Poplar» from the Plesetsk training ground. The high reliability of the complex is evidenced by the fact that during its testing and operation, about fifty control and test launches of missiles were made. They all went through flawlessly.

November 29, 2005 the training and combat launch of ICBMs was carried out RS-12M « Poplar» mobile-based from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in the direction of the Kura test site in Kamchatka. Educational warhead missiles with a given accuracy hit a conditional target at the training ground of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The main purpose of the launch is to check the reliability of the equipment. The missile stood on combat duty for 20 years. This is the first case in the practice of not only domestic, but also world rocket science - a solid-fuel rocket, which has been in operation for so many years, has been successfully launched.

Reduction

According to the agreement on START-2(signed in January 1993 by George Bush and Boris Yeltsin) 360 units of the missile system " Poplar" before 2007 years have been shortened. This was not prevented by the delay in ratification and the subsequent actual rejection of the treaty.

After the collapse of the USSR, part of " Poplars remained on the territory of Belarus. August 13, 1993 year, the withdrawal of the Strategic Missile Forces group " Poplar" from Belarus, November 27, 1996 year it was completed.

As of July 2006 243 missile systems were still on combat duty. Poplar"(Teikovo, Yoshkar-Ola, Yurya, Nizhny Tagil, Novosibirsk, Kansk, Irkutsk, Barnaul, Vypolzovo.

An interesting fact is that the complex Poplar” - the first Soviet strategic missile system, the name of which was declassified in the Soviet press, in an article refuting the accusations of the American side that Russia was allegedly testing a new missile system in violation of the current arms reduction treaty.

In order to use the released missiles of the complex " Poplar» for launching satellites, was developed launch complex space launch vehicle Start". From 1993 to 2006 only 7 launches took place. There were two options for launch vehicles:

« Start"- four stages (starting and three marching) + upper stage RB-4 (high-altitude stage). At the same time, the first stage (starting) of the complex is similar to the first stage of the 15Zh58 rocket. The second and third (marching) are the second stage 15ZH58. The fourth (marching) is the third step 15ZH58.

« Start-1"- three stages + upper stage.

The development of the space complex did not receive and the program was frozen ...

Back at the end 1980s years, on a competitive basis, the development of a universal ICBM double-based - mine and on a mobile installation. In MIT, which traditionally dealt with soil complexes, they began to develop a mobile complex, and in Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in Ukraine (Dnepropetrovsk) - a mine complex. But in 1991 year, all work was completely transferred to the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. Design led Boris Lagutin and after his retirement 1997 year - academician Yuri Solomonov appointed General Designer of MIT.

But that's another story...

The composition of the complex

PGRK 15P158.1 "Poplar"- APU 15U128.1 on the MAZ-7912 chassis, in this configuration, the Topol complex was deployed as part of the Strategic Missile Forces at the initial stage.

PGRK 15P158 Topol- APU 15U168 on the MAZ-7917 chassis, standard equipment of the Topol complex.

The complex also includes:

- 15V148 / 15V231 combat duty support vehicles (MOBD) of the Topol complex on the MAZ-543M chassis for personnel rest on combat duty;

- 15V78 tropospheric radio communication station from the means of providing the Topol complex on the MAZ-543M chassis;

- combat control vehicle (MBU);

- 15U135 unit "Krona" - a hangar with a retractable roof for carrying PGRK combat duty at a stationary equipped position;

– vehicle for training drivers on the MAZ-7917 chassis.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the Topol complex

* – according to Russian/foreign sources

List of launches

1.

Most of the launches were carried out in the area of ​​the Kura test site.

* - unsuccessful launches are marked in red.

29.04.2015
Missile complex "Topol-M": fifteen years in the service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The upgraded missile system "Topol-M" is the first missile system created only by Russian enterprises. It was developed in the late 1980s.
The act on the adoption of the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) was approved by the state commission on April 28, 2000.
The first launch of the Topol-M missile from an autonomous launcher (APU) was carried out on September 20, 2000;
Currently, according to media reports, two divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces are armed with Topol-M complexes.
TASS

18.01.2017


On January 16, 2017, a joint combat crew of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Forces launched a silo-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) Topol-M from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.
The training warhead of the rocket hit a mock target with high accuracy at a training ground on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
The purpose of this launch was to confirm the stability of the flight performance of ICBMs of this type.
Department of Information and Mass Communications of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

30.09.2019


On September 30, 2019, a combat training launch of the Topol-M solid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) of a stationary (mine) base was carried out at the Plesetsk State Test Cosmodrome.
The purpose of the launch was to confirm the flight performance of this missile system. The set goals of the launch have been achieved, the tasks have been completed in full.
The warhead equivalent has arrived in given point(Kamchatka Peninsula).
Once again, the launch confirmed the technical readiness of the Topol-M ICBMs, which are on combat duty in the Strategic Missile Forces.
Department of Information and Mass Communications of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

ROCKET COMPLEX 15P765 "TOPOL-M" WITH OS TYPE silo



Since the beginning of the 1990s, in Russia for the Strategic Missile Forces, only one missile system- "Topol-M" with mine launchers of the OS type and mobile ground launchers. After 1991, the technical appearance of the rocket was refined, only Russian organizations and enterprises remained in cooperation. The Perm NPO Iskra joined the development of the first stage of the ICBM. In 1992, MIT issued an addition to the draft design, reflecting the changed appearance of the rocket and the complex as a whole. In 1993, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, MIT was given the task of creating a unified ICBM by the forces of Russian enterprises. Almost the same requirements were imposed on the Topol-M missile as on missiles fourth generation. Today we can say that the Topol-M ICBM is characterized by a high degree of continuity from the previously created Topol complex.
Opportunities for improving the Topol-M missile, in relation to the existing Topol missile, were determined by the START-1 Treaty, according to which a missile was considered new if it differed from the existing one in at least one of certain signs. Weight and size characteristics and some principles of the design of the Topol-M ICBM were limited by this agreement. Nevertheless, the Topol-M rocket was significantly changed in comparison with its predecessor. The conditions for modernization are defined by the START-1 Treaty, according to which a missile is considered new if it differs from the existing one (analogue) in one of the following ways: the number of stages; type of fuel of any stage; starting weight by more than 10%; the length of either the assembled rocket without the warhead, or along the length of the first stage of the rocket, by more than 10%; diameter of the first stage by more than 5%; casting weight by more than 21% in combination with a change in first stage length of 5% or more.

The most advanced scientific and technical solutions were applied in the new rocket: materials, structures, solid propellants. The Topol-M rocket was made according to the scheme with three marching and combat stages. The march stages use high-density mixed fuel of increased energy developed by NPO Soyuz. The rocket uses controls of high efficiency and speed. The warhead is equipped with a powerful thermonuclear charge, meets the most stringent requirements for nuclear explosion safety and has a particularly high resistance to nuclear and other weapons.
The developers of the Topol-M missile system successfully solved the problems of effective counteraction to layered advanced missile defense systems with space-based means. In accordance with the main development tasks, the Topol-M missile has high capabilities to overcome a promising missile defense system with space-based elements and can be used in conditions of a massive nuclear missile strike on the positional area of ​​​​basing of the Strategic Missile Forces complexes. The rocket has no protruding parts, including aerodynamic rudders. Thus, along with the use of appropriate structural materials and coatings, increased resistance to dust and ground formations and other damaging factors of a nuclear explosion of laser and other beam weapons is provided.
Rocket propulsion systems are characterized by a reduced duration of operation. As a result most of the active part of the trajectory is within the atmosphere, which prevents the use of space-based missile defense systems and reduces the intensity of the impact of radiation weapons on the missile. According to experts, the Topol-M missile system is the first purely Russian-made missile system, which, in terms of its tactical and technical characteristics, will significantly exceed the complexes that are in operation.

Since March 1997, the work on the Topol-M complex has been headed by the director and general designer MIT Yu.S. Solomonov. Recalling the work on the mine version of the Topol-M complex, he says: “When designing the Topol-M rocket, we needed to create a design that, for the first time in domestic and world practice, would allow us to solve a number of complex tasks. It was required to develop a universal missile in relation to the types of basing, which would have: equally high combat qualities both as part of a stationary mine complex and as part of a mobile soil complex based on a self-propelled launcher; the highest accuracy of shooting and the possibility of long-term combat duty in various combat readiness; high level resistance to the effects of damaging factors of a nuclear explosion in flight; adaptability to the deployment of anti-missile defense systems of various composition by a possible adversary.
... It was possible to significantly improve one of the main indicators of military weapons - firing accuracy, reduce the degree of vulnerability of a missile when exposed to missile defense, increase the resistance of a missile in flight to the effects of various types of weapons, including nuclear weapons, and ensure increased nuclear explosion safety. The warranty period of storage of the new rocket is longer than that of the previously created ones. Another important task was solved: the complex, from development and manufacture to delivery to the troops, was created by Russian cooperation.
The cooperation of subcontractors of MIT for the RK "Topol-M" included the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "NPTs AP im. Academician N.A. Pilyugin (general director EL. Mezhiritsky), FSUE RFNC-VNIIEF (director R.I. Ilkaev, chief designer Yu.I. Faikov), FSUE FPDT Soyuz (general director Yu.M. Milekhin) , NPO Iskra (general director and general designer M.I. Sokolovsky), FSUE Votkinsky Zavod (general director V.G. Tolmachev), FSUE OKB Vympel (general director and general designer D .K. Dragun), OJSC KBSM (general director and general designer N.A. Trofimov) and other enterprises.
The mine type of basing with high resistance of silos assumed minimal costs during deployment, so it began to be developed in the first place. One of the main advantages of the structure of missile regiments with the Topol-M missile system was the use of resource-saving technologies. The need to change the diameter or depth of the old "glasses" of mine launchers has disappeared - only the system for attaching the container to the rocket is changing.
The development of the mine complex, given the fact that at the site two mine launchers - Yuzhnaya-1 and Yuzhnaya-2 - were then being prepared for the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau missiles, began to be carried out for the Topol-M missile. It was necessary to convert these silos under new rocket which was done in a relatively short time frame. The first launch of the Topol-M rocket was carried out from the re-equipped Yuzhnaya-1 silo, developed by the Vympel Design Bureau (chief designer O.S. Baskakov).

Initially, for the Topol-M ICBM, it was proposed to use OS-type silos developed by OKB Vympel for medium-class missiles UR-100NUTTH (15A35). In the process of study, certain problems were revealed. If for the mobile soil version of the Topol-M complex such a problem was the choice of chassis for the launcher - seven- or eight-axle, then for the stationary version, the use of previously built mines became the "critical moment". At the same time, their protective devices with opening drives, the instrument compartment, the barrel, the entrance hatch and the input devices remained without modifications. With minimal modifications, a depreciation system is used during re-examination.

Later, in accordance with the joint decision of the MIT, GURVO MO and KBSM of August 21, 1992 on the conversion work, design materials were developed that determined the main areas of work for the conversion of silo launchers of R-36M UTTKh heavy missiles to the Topol- M. Since January 1993, in accordance with the signed START-2 Treaty, it was allowed to re-equip 90 silos for heavy missiles under the Topol-M missile. This important decision opened up the possibility of maintaining a silo grouping of the Strategic Missile Forces based on launchers for heavy missiles of the R-36M UTTKh type (according to START - RS-20) to accommodate Topol-M missiles in them in the future.

The command post for the Republic of Kazakhstan was created at TsKBTM under the leadership of A. Leontenkov. He is further development KP mine type and has some differences from its predecessors. The CP uses new-generation equipment and other means with increased protection against the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion and improved characteristics of information channels. All components of the KP are manufactured by Russian enterprises, before that up to a quarter of the equipment was produced in Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, etc. The main equipment for the stationary KP RK Topol-M was designed and manufactured at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise State Obukhovsky Plant (General Director A.F. .Vashchenko, chief designer N.F. Ilyushikhin).

Fire tests of the Topol-M ICBM marching solid propellant rocket engines were carried out at the Central Research Institute Geodesy. Its flight tests of the missile began with a successful launch from a silo launcher at the Plesetsk test site on December 20, 1994. In the future, until September 26, 2000, 10 more test launches of the Topol-M missiles of the stationary complex were carried out. The second launch was made in September 1995, the third - on July 25, 1996. The fourth launch of the upgraded Topol-M ICBM was successfully completed on July 8, 1997 from the Plesetsk training ground. Only the fifth launch, performed on October 22, 1998, turned out to be an emergency due to the erroneous operation of an emergency detonation system not installed on a combat missile, which interrupted the flight of a completely serviceable missile. All test launches were made from the Yuzhnaya launch pad from the silo. For further testing, a second launch pad, Svetlaya, was built to accommodate the silo launcher of the Topol-M complex. Chairman of the State Commission, Deputy of the Civil Code of the Strategic Missile Forces, Colonel-General V.A. Nikitin. On December 8, 1998, the sixth test launch of the Topol-M rocket was made from the Plesetsk test site, during which the high reliability of the equipment was shown. The seventh launch took place on June 3, 1999, it was successful. On September 3, 1999, the eighth launch of the ICBM was carried out, during which the warhead reached the Kura test site in Kamchatka in 23 minutes, then on December 14, 1999.
In 1999, according to the KBSM project (Chief Designer V.D. Guskov), the creation of an experimental combat launch position 15P765-18E was completed at the Yubileinaya site of the Plesetsk cosmodrome using equipment dismantled in accordance with the START-2 Treaty from ICBM silos R-36M. On February 9 and August 26, 2000 (on a target in the Kamchatka region), two successful launches of the Topol-M rocket took place from this silo. Successfully carried out regular test launches of Topol-M confirmed the basic flight performance of the rocket.

Even before the end of the tests of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on December 24, 1997, in the Taman missile division near Tatishchevo (Saratov region), two silos with Topol-M missiles (one of them was training) took up combat duty, and on December 27, 1998 The head 104th missile regiment (commander Yu. Petrovsky) was put on combat duty with 10 Topol-M ICBMs in re-equipped high-security mine launchers removed from duty by UR-100N ICBMs. All missile infrastructure upgrades under new complex It is carried out using resource-saving technology and is much cheaper compared to having to rebuild missile silos, command posts and control systems. The launchers cost a minimum of construction and installation work, since neither the depth nor the diameter of the mines changed. At the command post, only the container itself with the equipment, manufactured at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise State Obukhovsky Plant, was replaced. All this, according to the head of the operational department of the Main Staff of the Strategic Missile Forces, Major General S. Ponomarev, made it possible to save 18.5 million rubles on each missile silo, and the complete re-equipment of the silos for a new missile will bring savings of 3.38 billion, stretched for several years. In addition to missile silos and stationary command posts, access roads were modernized in the regiment, new cable networks for power supply and communications were laid, and the control system was modernized. Residential and educational complexes for duty combat shifts were built.

During 1999, the combat crews of the Strategic Missile Forces from these silo launchers successfully carried out several combat training launches of the Topol-M ICBM from the Plesetsk training ground. These launches were carried out with the aim of accumulating statistical data on the performance characteristics, the operation of all ICBM systems in flight, and the accuracy of fulfilling the given programs. Successful launches allowed the State Commission for Flight Testing of the Topol-M missile to recommend on April 25, 2000 the adoption of a new stationary-based missile system, and on July 13, 2000, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1314 the Topol-M complex in the mine version was adopted by the Strategic Missile Forces. This Decree opened the way for a new stage in the development of the Strategic Missile Forces. On December 26, 2000, the third regiment of the Topol-M complex, mine-based, took up combat duty.
According to the initial plans, the rate of commissioning of new complexes after 2000 could amount to 40-50 launchers (4-5 missile regiments) per year. But according to the adjusted plans and real allocated funds, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was supposed to put into service one regiment - ten missiles every year, however, due to financial problems, they were able to purchase no more than six vehicles a year. And in 2001-2002 there were no such purchases at all. As General Designer Yu.S. Solomonov stated: “In 2004, the volume of state investments for the manufacture of our Topol-M was almost halved without any discussion and agreement with us, although it was us who were entrusted with this work by the President of Russia. » In 2005, instead of six Topol-M missiles, only four were put into service. From 1997 until the end of 2006, the Strategic Missile Forces received 42 Topol-M complexes. According to the approved state armaments program for 2007-2015. 50 Topol-M strategic missile systems will be purchased for the Strategic Missile Forces. The creation of the Topol-M ICBM from the preliminary design to the first pilot launch cost 142.8 billion rubles (in 1992 prices).

At the beginning of 2010, 5 missile regiments of the division were re-equipped with the fifth-generation Topol-M missile system of a stationary (mine) base - in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2005.
Since 2010, the Tatishchevo missile formation has been working on re-equipping the next, sixth missile regiment with the Topol-M missile system. Until the end of 2012, this regiment was brought to full staff. After the completion of the rearmament of this regiment, the equipment program Strategic Missile Forces complex "Topol-M" was completed.
As has been repeatedly noted in the Russian media, when the US withdraws from the ABM Treaty, within the framework of the state defense order, plans are being discussed to install three individually targetable warheads at the Topol-M complex. So far, this is prohibited by the START-1 treaty, but on December 5, 2009, this document expires, which opens up the possibility for Moscow to equip Topol-M with multiply charged warheads.

CHARACTERISTICS

MIT developer
Gene. designer B.N. Lagutin, Yu.S. Solomonov
Missile manufacturer Votkinsk MZ
NATO code SS-X-29
Name according to START-1 RS-12M2
(RS-12M variant 2)
START-1 classification assembled by ICBMs in a launch canister (Class A)
Type of strategic complex with silo type OS with solid-propellant ICBM, fifth generation
The first test launch of a missile from a silo took place on December 20, 1994.
The ICBM entered service in December 1997, adopted by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 2000
Rocket RT-2PM210 ("Topol-M")
Far arrows intercontinental
head part:
- monoblock type
thermonuclear4
— developer VNIIEF
- ch. designer G. Dmitriev
— weight, kg 1200
INS control system with onboard computer
— developer NPO AP


Steering gears:
— developer of TsNII AG
- ch. designer V.Solunin
Aiming system:
- ground type
— developer NPO AP
- ch. designer V.L. Lapygin, Y. Trunov
- manufacturer of control equipment Izhevsk plant "Aksion"
Type of start from TPK due to PAD
Number of rocket stages 33, 7
Rocket length, m:
- full missiles in TPK 22.7
— without head part 17.5
Max. case diameter, m 1.86-1.95
Starting weight, t: 47.2-47.21
Fuel type mixed solid
Guarantee. rocket storage life, years 15
First stage:
Dimensions, m:
- diameter 1.95
Single-chamber solid propellant engine


Second step:
Single-chamber solid propellant engine
— charge developer NPO Soyuz
- ch. charge designer Z.P. Pak, Yu.M. Milekhin
- frame:
one-piece type "cocoon" type made of organoplastic
developer of TsNIISM
ch. designer V.A.Barynin
manufacturer TSNIISM
Third step:
Single-chamber solid propellant engine
— charge developer NPO Soyuz
- ch. charge designer Z.P. Pak, Yu.M. Milekhin
Transport and launch container:
thermostat type
Housing material composite
Developer TsNII spetsmash
Development manager V.A.Barynin
Dimensions, m:
- diameter 2.0
- length 22.7
Launcher (option 1):
Mine type type OS re-equipped silo MBR UR-100N
Developer GNIP OKB "Vympel"
Ch. designer O.S. Bakakov, D.K. Dragun
Type PU shaft type OS
Protective device against silo ICBM UR-100NU11
Shaft dimensions, m:
— inner diameter 4.6
- height 29.8
— inner diameter of the roof 7.6
The degree of security is high
Number of missiles in silos 1
The number of silos in the complex (shelf) 10
Launcher (option 2):
Mine type OS type re-equipped silo MBR R-36M
Developer KBSM
Ch. designer V.D. Guskov
Protective device against silo ICBM R-36M
Shaft dimensions, m:
— inner diameter 5.9
- the height corresponds to the R-36 ICBM silo with concrete poured 5 meters above the old mine bottom
- flow area of ​​the restrictive ring, m 2.9
The degree of protection is high
Number of missiles in silos 1
The number of silos in the complex is up to 10
Command post:
Type container mine
type 15V222
Developer TsKB TM
Ch. designer A.A.Leontenkov
Developer and manufacturer of the main equipment Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Obukhovsky Plant"
The degree of protection is high
Number of control points in complex 1
Combat control system:
Developer NPO "Impulse"
Ch. designer B.Mikhailov

A.V. Karpenko, VTS "BASTION" + add.

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12. Trembach E.I., Esin K.P., Ryabets A.F., Belikov B.N. "Titan" on the Volga. From artillery to space launches, Volgograd: Stanitsa-2, 2000
13. "Minsk plant of wheel tractors 1959-1999" - "Military Parade", 1999
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15. Missile Forecast - Forecast International / DMS, 1996
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18. V. Litovkin "... and yet we make rockets!" - "Izvestia"
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20. M. Tarasenko “35 years of the Vympel Design Bureau” - “Cosmonautics News” No. 8 (175) - 1998
21. "Missile systems - on alert" - "Commonwealth", 199
22. Newspapers Izvestiya, Trud, Krasnaya Zvezda, VPK, NVO, Obshchaya Gazeta, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Sodruzhestvo, Army Collection, Army, Aerospace courier”, “Military Parade”, “Russian Maritime Policy”, “National Defense”, “Cosmonautics News”, RIA Novosti, ITAR-TASS, Lenta.ru,