State program to support entrepreneurs. Government assistance to small businesses

Today, not all people are satisfied with work for hire - a small income that cannot be independently regulated. To get the maximum profit, many decide to open their own business. It can be controlled, actively involved in any transformations, developed and expanded. But for any business, even a small one, initial capital is required. For those who do not have enough funds to create an enterprise, the state is ready to provide financial and organizational assistance.

What kind of government assistance can small businesses count on?

In Russia, a program has been adopted, according to which everyone who decides to become an entrepreneur has a chance to receive a financial state. help small businesses, and completely free of charge. The size monetary compensation has certain limits that differ in different regions. Many people have the right to receive such a subsidy, but due to objective circumstances and subjective reasons, not everyone can enlist such support. In addition to financial assistance, the funds for which come from the state budget, start-up entrepreneurs are offered property assistance. This means the readiness of the state to lease certain property to representatives of small businesses at low rates or even free of charge: real estate, technical equipment, land use objects, etc.

Limitations of the State Assistance Program

Not every entrepreneur can count on assistance in the development of small businesses from the state. For example, if a person has been registered as an entrepreneur for more than one year, he is no longer eligible for this program. Great importance has the scope of small business, because specially created commissions necessarily consider each application and not everyone is answered positively. It is also mandatory that the entrepreneur has his own money necessary to open a business. The state will be able to compensate from 40 to 60% of the costs, and often this amount does not exceed 300,000 rubles, the rest will have to be paid from your wallet. Of course, these are to buy equipment and create a competitive enterprise, but it is unprofitable for the state to fully sponsor businessmen. This is only partial assistance from the state to small business, which gives him the opportunity to control the system of small business.

Articles for receiving subsidies under state programs

The Small Business Assistance Program in Russia includes several articles that require subsidies:

opening an enterprise;
opening a business;
rental of premises;
purchase of equipment and computer equipment;
obtaining a license;
training of specialists;
participation in promotions and exhibitions.

Advice on these issues can be obtained from employment centers and specialized centers. The regional administration must provide residents with the addresses of these branches.

How to get financial support

If you have already thought about starting your own business, but do not have the necessary amount of money, then you can get help from the state for small businesses. First you need to draw up a business plan and submit it to the employment center for consideration. The amount of the subsidy issued by this organization is 58,800 rubles. (4900 rubles - monthly multiplied by 12 months). The procedure for considering a business plan and allocating money can take up to 6 months.

What is needed to receive start-up capital from the state

First, that is, to have the status of unemployed. To do this, you will need the following documents:

the passport,
employment history,
documents on education, certificates and diplomas,
pension insurance certificate,
a completed form-certificate of the average salary for 3 months at the last place of work.

Note that the following are not unemployed:

citizens under the age of 16;
women on maternity leave;
full-time students;
pensioners by age;
citizens working under an employment contract or registered as an LLC or individual entrepreneur;
invalids of non-working groups.

Next, in the employment center, you need to write an application for a subsidy from the state for the development of small businesses. Think in detail and draw up a detailed business plan containing many calculations, graphs and tables. Having received approval, you should register as a legal entity (organize an LLC or an individual entrepreneur). The tax office will give you a list of documents, copies of which you need to provide. After that, the agreed funds are credited to your bank account, which you can withdraw and purchase the necessary equipment specified in the business plan.

Highly important point: you will need to provide a financial report to the employment center, which should reflect all the costs of equipment, salaries of employees, deductions to the tax and pension fund. If you have received financial assistance for small businesses from the state, you need to be responsible for every penny spent from this amount.

Other government assistance options

Possible assistance from the state to small businesses is not only the issuance of money for the creation of an enterprise, it can be the repayment of interest on an already taken loan or the issuance of a new loan by a bank with a reduced interest rate. Today, many banks issue loans to entrepreneurs, and they, in turn, prefer to apply to the bank. Indeed, in this case, they do not have to report where they spent the received finances, it is enough just to pay a certain amount on time.

The state also organizes so-called business incubators, where you can get qualified assistance both in drawing up a business plan and in training employees in new skills for organizing and running their own business. In addition, in these centers it is possible to rent premises inexpensively and place all their employees there, so they can always turn to experienced professionals for help.

Each of us has the opportunity to receive assistance and support from the state to create and develop own business, it remains only to decide on the direction of activity.

State programs for the development of small business are important for maintaining the normal functioning of the economy, as well as for raising the social level of the population. Financing of small business development projects is carried out at all levels of government Russian Federation. State programs are of interest to young businessmen, as well as to the authorities themselves. The ability to provide effective support, create conditions for the implementation of state programs is the main indicator of the country's desire for prosperity and well-being.

The small business development program is based on the postulates of the entrepreneurship development program at the federal level. The set of state support measures includes the following types of programs:

regional;
interregional;
industry;
intersectoral;
municipal.

Each of the above types includes a specific support plan as well as entrepreneurship development. In the field of financing various sectors of small business, the authorities face a specific, difficult task - to determine the most promising, profitable niches in the economy. A competent choice of these areas will allow you to rationally allocate funds and make profitable investment. The state investments made today, as well as the implemented development programs, will help replenish the state treasury with new taxes in the future, as well as create a competitive environment in the market.

These processes, like nothing else, will favorably affect the overall development of the economy, increase the solvency of the population, and most importantly, provide citizens with additional jobs. Based on this information, it can be concluded that government programs for the development and support of small businesses are a strategically important object of research and financing.

Entrepreneurship development programs in the Russian Federation can be divided into the following categories:

registration of subsidies;
receiving grants;
providing training free of charge or at a discount;
passing an internship under the guidance of highly qualified specialists, conducting practical classes;
registration of leasing programs on preferential terms;
obtaining advice in the field of jurisprudence and accounting on a preferential or free basis;
the possibility of buying out real estate owned by the local municipality;
assistance in the implementation of advertising projects, support in participation in fairs and exhibitions in the field of small business support.

The state applies both direct and indirect methods of supporting small businesses. Indirect methods include measures that are aimed at mitigating the conditions of taxation and control.
Organizations of commercial and non-commercial forms can implement small business development programs. In this area, private firms act as partners of the state, providing their shoulder of assistance and financing. For the provision of certain support, companies, of course, receive the necessary benefits.

In the field of small business support, the system of subsidies is widely used, applying it, it is necessary to adhere to strict rules versions:

the use of subsidies should be targeted;
all expenses must be supported by official documents;
performers must create a detailed report on the work done, attaching checks, acts and other papers to it.

Today in our country such government programs as "Development of small and medium-sized businesses", as well as "Economic development and innovative economy" are most actively financed.

Issues on supporting small businesses are annually submitted to the general federal meeting in the highest authorities. Consideration actual problems and strategic decision-making is carried out before the direct adoption federal budget. It is this source of funds that will play the leading role in the development of entrepreneurship in the new year. State programs that will be considered at the meeting must first be checked by competent experts in the field of the national economy. The fate of small businesses as a whole will depend on the effectiveness and expediency of projects.

Entrepreneurship support projects always have clear requirements and norms that can be included in the following list of provisions:

measures to create and form the infrastructure of the commercial sphere at the regional, federal and local levels;
correct definition promising directions commercial activities that will be of interest both for the state and for entrepreneurship;
carrying out activities that would be aimed at general stimulation and motivation of those segments of the population that have a minimum level of social protection;
creation of a system of benefits, installments and subsidies that would allow vulnerable segments of the population to be involved in the process of business and entrepreneurship, simplifying the creation of their own business through state support;
identification of high-quality financial sources, specific segments of the budget, from which it will be possible to make annual contributions to programs to improve the market infrastructure, increase the number of registered individual enterprises;
creation of conditions and activities that will be aimed at transferring unfinished commercial projects in various fields to young entrepreneurs;
providing conditions for the transfer to beginners, young businessmen of construction projects that are unprofitable or are on the verge of bankruptcy;
creating the possibility of buying out premises, trading territories, which previously an individual entrepreneur had only the opportunity to rent, the state offers a businessman a buyout of a fixed asset on preferential terms.

Restrictions in the field of assistance to young businessmen

Note! Not every citizen of the Russian Federation can take advantage of benefits, as well as subsidies.

The following groups of citizens can be classified as unprotected segments of the population:

military in reserve;
single mothers;
people with disabilities, people with disabilities;
dismissed specialists of promising industries;
former prisoners and those deprived of liberty;
students, unemployed youth;
migrants, refugees;
unemployed citizens;
able-bodied pensioners.

The involvement of these segments of the population in the economic development process is the main goal of state executive bodies. Very often, the authorities practice the method of transferring old projects to new specialists of a narrow profile, this technique is most often used in the following areas:

technological work;
research in various areas;
scientific unfinished works;
experimental and constructive activity.

Often such experiments end in great success, but often the effort invested in the implementation of the program is wasted.

Note! Measures to support and develop small businesses are developed and formed on the basis of legislative norms and standards.

All of them are of a fundamentally important nature for the situation of the whole country, therefore they must be clearly correlated with a complex of the most diverse tasks and goals of the state. Entrepreneurship support projects should be aligned with the objectives of the following public policy types:

consequences of emergencies;
assistance to unemployed citizens;
assistance to refugees, migrants;
improvement of ecology, environmental conditions;
regulation of population migration processes.

Creation of separate budgets and reserves

The following forms of associations can develop, as well as propose for consideration projects for the development of small businesses:

institutions;
firms;
companies;
organizations;
enterprises.

Pay attention! This rule concerns any associations, regardless of what organizational, property, structural form they have. The authorities conduct a selection of projects, as a result of which they receive a list of the most effective and promising programs. Selected programs will be funded first.

In the field of entrepreneurship, separate funds independent of the state budget can be created, the resources of which will be directed to the implementation of new commercial projects. Such measures are practiced, for example, by large enterprises that are actively engaged in scientific and research activities. Very often, funds received from the state and individual independent companies are used in combination to achieve a more effective result.

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15May

Hello! In this article we will talk about the ways of state financing of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia.

Today you will learn:

How does the state help entrepreneurs;
How much money can you get to support a business;
How to qualify for a grant.

Importance of SMEs

A large number of small private firms within the country are of great benefit to the development of the economy.

Types of subsidies

The government has identified several programs to support small businesses:

- the amount of money allocated to newcomers;
Assistance in repayment of loans for business - compensation of part of the interest in the amount of the refinancing rate. For example, you have issued a loan at 19% per annum. The rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is 9.75%. In total, the state will pay 9.75% for you, and you will have to repay the loan under: 19 - 9, 75 = 9.25%;
Payment. The first installment is paid up to 30%, but not more than 1,000,000 rubles;
Compensation for all or partial costs of training the organization's personnel. This includes all kinds of;
Help for people who decide to start farming;
Search for partners to conclude deals with foreign representatives. The state in this way encourages the export of production;
Development of business infrastructure. The state allocates equipment, materials, etc. to fill business development centers;
Remote accounting (outsourcing).

The list is quite wide, which means that each interested owner of the company will be able to choose for himself the most optimal way to receive funds from the budget. To do this, you need to decide in advance what exactly you do not have enough money for.

How much will the government pay

In each region, the amount of issuance may vary. This information needs to be corrected. Nevertheless, the state tries every year to increase the cost of financing small and medium-sized businesses.

Payments can be received as follows:

58,800 rubles - for opening a small business (this amount is issued by the employment center as an annual unemployment benefit);
up to 500,000 rubles - a grant for the development of a new enterprise registered less than a year ago;
up to 1,000,000 rubles - for opening and development (as a loan amount at a preferential interest rate).
up to 2,500,000 rubles - for the promotion of innovations (obtaining a patent, etc.);
up to 10,000,000 rubles - for;
up to 15,000,000 rubles (but not more than the amount spent by the owner on the development of the company) - to increase the enterprise (to obtain such large sum must meet all the criteria set by the state).

It is important to bear in mind that in many cases, in order to receive a grant, a future entrepreneur must officially be on the employment exchange, confirming the lack of a job. The money will be allocated only if the support fund cannot find you a suitable vacancy.

Also, in order to receive a grant, you must have at least 25% of the requested amount. The state must have guarantees that you want to open a business, and not spend money on personal needs.

Money is transferred to the applicant's account within six months, and in some cases even a year. As they are spent, the entrepreneur must report on the purposes for which the funds were spent. If the cost items do not match those originally indicated, then you will have to answer in court. Any unused amount will need to be returned.

Don't forget about paying taxes. From the received grant, you will have to pay at a rate of 13%.

What is funded by grants

The state is trying to support those areas of life that benefit the whole country and contribute to the growth of the economic interest of the population.

Among them are those for which grants are allocated in the first place:

Trade (however, this area is already oversaturated and it will be possible to receive a grant for its development in a small percentage of cases).

The areas in which entrepreneurs are going to trade are also of particular importance.

The state is more loyal to the allocation of grants for development:

medicine;
Construction;
Tourism;
Innovative business;
education;
Catering;
natural sciences.

If you are interested in receiving a grant, then it is better to organize your activities in the above areas. to receive a grant will help avoid a negative decision on your application.

What exactly can the money from the grant be spent on?

State structures strictly control debit transactions on the account to which the amount was transferred as a support for small and medium-sized businesses.

The entrepreneur must spend strictly in accordance with the drawn up business plan, other purposes are not allowed. The use of money for other purposes is not allowed, otherwise such a businessman will be held accountable.

The following items of expenses may be reflected in the account of the entrepreneur:

Procurement of the necessary equipment ( important condition that this acquisition cannot be resold before three years of use);
, (up to 20% of the total grant amount is allocated for these purposes);
Purchase of a patent, license or special program;
Acquisition of means of production - materials, raw materials (no more than 20% of the grant);
Workplace equipment.

After the expenses you have made, you will need to report on them. Therefore, it is important to keep all checks, receipts, invoices and other supporting papers. If you cannot provide them, then you will not be able to justify the costs, and this is already fraught with difficulties associated with inappropriate spending and the return of the grant.

Who is eligible for financial support

To receive subsidies for small businesses from the budget, it is not enough to have only ambitions and a great desire, it is also necessary to meet a number of requirements.

An established enterprise must:

Be registered less than 1 year ago;
Stand firmly on your feet (does not threaten or).

If an unregistered entrepreneur plans to receive state support, then he must meet the following criteria:

Age from 18 to 30 years (upper limit is desirable);
Employment at the employment exchange;
Passing a psychology test with a high score;
Availability of a ready-made high-quality business plan;
Have an amount of at least 25% of the grant.

The state wants to see among entrepreneurs young people who have recently discovered business for themselves and have high goals. Without having the above characteristics, it will be impossible to receive entrepreneurial support.

Another important, but not fundamental condition is the absence of a grant in the past. The country wants to see new heroes, and therefore considers for funding purposes only newly minted businessmen who are just starting to learn the basics of entrepreneurship.

Opportunities for socially disadvantaged groups

Any member of society can receive support from the state for the development of his enterprise. The authorities give an opportunity to prove themselves to socially unprotected citizens who can count on an increased rate.

Such persons include:

Single parents raising minor children;
People from orphanages;
former prisoners;
Former military;
Large families;
Families with a disabled person.

The easiest way to get 58,800 rubles for any person is to join the labor exchange and provide a business plan. If it is approved, then you can invest your own knowledge and experience in the development of entrepreneurship.

The state also encourages the opening of new firms in the field of folk crafts, children's educational institutions or leisure centers for children and adults as social projects.

Business plan for obtaining a subsidy

An important rule for the possibility of participation in the competition for financial assistance is the preparation of a business plan. This is a document that carefully analyzes your entire business “on the shelves”. Various indicators, calculations and project efficiency are displayed here.

The main components of the plan:

The essence of the created business;
Required investments;
What is produced or what services are provided;
Organization of the process;
Risk calculation.

It is also important to indicate in the project the characteristics in which the state is interested:

Number of workplaces;
Expected return (in terms of tax deductions);
Entrepreneur's own funds.

A special commission examines your business plan within 60 days. It needs to be clearly worded. From it it should clearly follow for what purposes production is created and what benefits it brings to society.

You should interest the authorities to pay the grant to you. A business plan can help with this if it is written competently and competently. If you have never dealt with the preparation of such documents before, it is better to go through special education and write a business plan at a high level.

Where to go for help

To become a member of the state program for issuing money, you do not need to go somewhere or visit the capital. It is enough to contact the authorities.

You can visit:

Employment Center;
local administration;
Department of Entrepreneurship (a kind of support agency).

You can go to these representative offices at any stage of participation. Before or here they will tell you everything about the rules of the project, its participants, and the requirements for them. You will know the amounts you can count on.

Within the framework of state programs, start-up entrepreneurs are also trained in the basics of business. You will learn the basics of economics, learn how to write a business plan and meet the same future figures as you.

Here you can clarify everything about state support: its conditions, development by region, and what chances you personally have to receive a grant. Communication with experienced businessmen provides an opportunity to gain some important theoretical knowledge.

All information is provided in the public domain: anyone can get training, attend seminars and get answers to their questions. The state is trying to make this process as convenient as possible for future entrepreneurs.

Importance of the Federal Portal

To get acquainted with subsidies for starting a business, a website called "Federal portal of small and medium-sized businesses" has been created. Any individual entrepreneur, legal entity or just an individual can enter here.

The site includes information for each region. You can study the statistics of the number of enterprises for different periods or view state support payments.

It also displays here:

Number of enterprises that received grants;
Regulatory regulatory framework;
News of regions;
Measures of provided legal support and their availability by region;
Question and answer form in which you can find out something for yourself;
Calculator (when buying a patent).

How the subsidy is made

To apply for state support, you will need:

Study at a three-day entrepreneurship course (if necessary. Here they will talk about the features of drawing up a business plan. The course lasts several days, after which a certificate is issued confirming your readiness to receive a grant);
Draw up a competent plan for exactly the area of life activity for which a subsidy for business is issued;
Collect all documents and take them to the local administration or business support center. Write an application as a project participant;
Waiting for the decision of the commission to approve your project (within 60 days from the date of adoption of the business plan);
Upon approval of your application, open a legal entity or individual entrepreneur (if you are not yet registered in this status);
Open a bank account (here, the Department of Entrepreneurship should appear as a party to the agreement, which will allocate funds to you. In case of their improper use, they will be written off in favor of the state);
Attribute a bank agreement, a certificate of no debts to credit institutions and a certificate of registration of an entrepreneur with tax services to the Department of Entrepreneurship;
Within six months, funds will be credited to your account, and you will be able to dispose of them to please your business.

There is nothing complicated in applying for and receiving a grant. The most difficult moment is the preparation of a business plan. Upon its completion, a special commission will be familiarized with the terms of your project. After that, its representatives will ask you a few questions regarding the effectiveness of implementing the development in life.

If you successfully pass this "interview", then the money will definitely be transferred to your account.

We collect documents

To apply for a grant, you will need to collect a package of papers. It may vary slightly in each region.

Mainly required:

The statement itself;
Business plan with all calculations, calculations and forecasts;
If you have already registered and operate as an entrepreneur, you may be asked for copies of contracts with partners;
Copies of lease agreements for premises or certificates of ownership (if necessary);
Copies of existing licenses and permits for work, production, etc.;
Bank statement stating that you have accounts;
For LLC - a copy;
A copy of an extract from the register of legal entities or individual entrepreneurs;
A copy of the certificate of registration as an entrepreneur;
Help from tax office about the absence of debt and overdue payments;
Participant's receipt that he was not an entrepreneur before (they may ask for your work book certifying that you were employed only).

Depending on the conditions of the grant, this list may vary to a greater or lesser extent. In any case, the preparation of documents must be approached responsibly. There is a set time limit for collection. If you do not meet it, then you will not see money from the state.

Why might they refuse?

Getting a subsidy from the state has a long list of requirements for a novice entrepreneur. Failure to comply with at least one point may lead to a refusal to issue funds.

Consider these points:

Choosing the wrong business niche. There are areas that the state does not finance, it is better to choose those that receive R regional support for small businesses in the first place;
The amount claimed is too large. You must understand that the state does not give away funds, but gives out only to those who are ready to invest themselves. Therefore, if the business plan indicates a lot of money required from the budget, the refusal will follow unambiguously;
bugs in your project. If there are any inaccuracies or phrases in the business plan that cause double understanding, then the commission has the right to refuse. It should contain only specific calculations and information on the merits. Quick payback and the significance of your business for the region - that's what the authorities are looking at;
Re-applying. If you have already received money from the state earlier, then the second time you are unlikely to succeed. The government wants to sponsor newly-minted entrepreneurs;
If you have already registered a business, then they may refuse due to tax debts, untimely payment to subordinates, with incomes of employees less than the subsistence level.

Who can't count

The state is not ready to sponsor every idea of a newly arrived entrepreneur. Only socially significant projects that will benefit the country or a separate region are of interest. In addition, the business plan must be realistic and not be the product of unrealizable fantasies.

There are areas that will never receive state support for the project. If you are a representative of one of these areas, then do not count on grants.

These include:

Tobacco production;
Spill of alcohol;
Credit activity;
Insurance Company;
Shenanigans on and ;
Network business;
Pawnshops.

The opening and sponsoring of enterprises in these industries will have to be carried out exclusively at their own expense or through loans. These areas do not carry large-scale significance for the regions, moreover, they are oversaturated with supply and demand.

Also, if you do not have a penny for your own ideas, then the state will not meet halfway. In some cases, the conditions for participation in the competition provide for at least 25% of the amount of business development support.

If you personally or an enterprise have debts on bank loans, especially overdue ones, you don’t even have to bother to submit documents - the state will still refuse.

Do you want to become an entrepreneur

The problem of most people who want to open their own business is the psychological fear of the new and the experience that you can lose everything at the initial stage. This is a common occurrence that only goes away with time. If you think and worry all the time, nothing will work.

To open your own business, you need to make every effort, spare no time and yourself personally. Another problem of today's young people is that they think right away, but it's better to get them for free. With such an approach, it is unlikely that anything will work.

An entrepreneur must improve his skills in the area in which he has extensive knowledge. We need to focus not on money, but on deeds.

Mastering the appropriate literature, attending various seminars and courses is an important step in preparing yourself as a future leader. One of the most effective approaches to properly starting a business is to communicate with experienced entrepreneurs.

You must calculate your strength. It is important to understand that any stoppage in business can lead to the loss of invested funds, and restoring it again is an even more difficult process.

In order for the state to provide funds for your business free of charge, give maximum influence to your business plan. Decide on the niche that the company will occupy. Further calculations and the issuance of a grant depend on this.

Ask for a small amount for the first time and only on the most necessary, this will attract the eyes of the commission, which will be sure that you really are;
Compose an original project, it must be unique. Its advantageous difference from others will allow it to get approved by the commission;
Define the goals of the project correctly. They cannot be the purpose of obtaining money or cars for themselves. You must formulate such proposals that do not concern you personally and your earnings. They can be aimed at developing the region, helping the population, developing exports, and so on, that is, what is important for the country and its economic growth.

Any state is interested in the development of entrepreneurship. An increase in the number of active small enterprises causes an improvement in the quality of life of citizens and an increase in economic indicators in general. In addition, huge corporations cannot quickly respond to changes in the market situation and are unable to meet the changing needs of the population in time.

Support for small businesses 2018, state programs to promote private entrepreneurship is a fairly common practice in Western countries. Most often, the authorities are interested in small local companies that improve the economic situation in a single city: providing them with various benefits and subsidies makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of products and the investment attractiveness of the region.

In Russia, this form of assistance is less common: local self-government bodies usually do not have the budget necessary to implement such measures. Nevertheless, domestic entrepreneurs can take advantage of an alternative option - the SME development assistance program being implemented at the federal level, which includes many ways of both financial and infrastructural support for newly created businesses.

Who can count on help?

Studying the state policy towards private entrepreneurs, it can be noted that the current programs of financial and non-material support are focused mainly on representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. To find out whether a particular company falls into this category, it is necessary to take into account average headcount employees and annual turnover:

Enterprise Format

Thus, only the specified business entities can apply for state aid from the state in 2018, provided that they meet some additional requirements:

Term of existence - no more than two years;
The SME entity is registered with the tax service;
The company has no debts on tax and fund deductions.

Funds are distributed unevenly among applicants: in order to increase the likelihood of success in attracting third-party funding, an entrepreneur must work in one of the priority areas today:

Production of essential goods;
Ecological tourism services;
Various directions of folk art;
Agro-industrial sector;
Department of Housing and Utilities;
Social entrepreneurship;
Scientific and technical sphere.

Where can you get help?

Many institutions and organizations have the authority to resolve issues of providing assistance to entrepreneurs. Each of them operates in a designated area and has its own budget:

City Administration. In the department economic development you can get information about all types of federal and local programs of financial support for small businesses in 2018;
Entrepreneurship Support Funds. Conduct an examination of projects submitted by entrepreneurs and, based on the results obtained, allocate funds for financing small enterprises;
Chambers of Commerce and Industry. Provide free consultations on marketing, finance, legal support and certification, as well as help to take part in various federal and international exhibitions;
Business incubators. Provide infrastructure support to start-up entrepreneurs, provide space and equipment for doing business;
Venture funds. The most promising startups are identified and grants are allocated to support small businesses in 2018. Priority for the funds are scientific, technical and innovative projects.

Types of programs

State support programs for entrepreneurial activity in 2018 are implemented at different administrative levels. In accordance with the scale and volume of funding, they can be classified as:

Federal programs:

Designed for implementation nationwide;
Characterized by large amounts of financial support for small businesses in 2018;
Operate funds mainly for large-scale projects;
Implementing a development strategy for already operating enterprises.

Regional programs:

Operate within the boundaries of administrative regions;
Operate with the budget of a particular region or region;
Designed for the development of regional infrastructure.

Local Programs:

Implemented for city or district entrepreneurs;
Have a relatively small amount of funding;
Solve local economic problems.

Direct Financial Assistance

When subsidizing, funds under the 2018 Small Business Support Program are issued to the entrepreneur free of charge. In other cases, we are talking about concessional loans and loans provided for a long period at a reduced interest rate. However, any form of financing has a specified purpose and is accompanied by documentary reporting in the prescribed form. So, money can be spent on:

Renting premises or land;
Purchase of fixed assets;
Purchase of raw materials and consumables;
Purchase of production equipment.

Grants

This type of financing is available not only for businessmen starting to register their first enterprise, but also for those who have been engaged in commercial activities for no more than two years. Competitions among entrepreneurs and distribution of grants are carried out by:

Department for Entrepreneurship Development;
Department of Economic Development;
Local governments;
SME support funds;
Unions of Entrepreneurs.

Local authorities at the beginning of each year clarify the list of priority activities: this information can be found on the website of the entrepreneurship support center. Most often, scientific developments (30% of the total amount of funding), projects with high social significance (30%), production and the agro-industrial sector (20%), and trade (12%) are preferred. In accordance with the law, grants cannot be received by enterprises that produce excisable goods, work with real estate or investments, extract minerals or carry out gaming activities.

Of course, the amount of funding depends on the budget of the region. So, in Moscow, Samara or Perm, an entrepreneur can count on 500,000 rubles, while in other regions the grant is limited to 300,000 rubles. It is assumed that these funds will be used to cover 30-50% of the total project budget. The businessman will have to find the rest of the money on his own.

In order to confirm the validity of your claims for a grant, you must use documents to prove that the company belongs to the SME category in terms of the number of jobs and the amount of annual turnover.

In addition, the entrepreneur must:

Provide documentary evidence of the absence of other financial assistance;
Submit the Registration Certificate, constituent documents, business plan;
Confirm the availability of own funds with a bank statement;
Request a positive credit report from the National Bureau.

Concessional lending

Concessional lending is one of the possible ways out for those who cannot count on other ways of financial support from the state to small businesses in 2018. As with the allocation of grants, the likelihood of obtaining a loan with a minimum interest rate is higher for those who work in priority areas for the state. These include innovation, the production of essential goods, knowledge-intensive industries, and agriculture.

For lending, you should contact not only government agencies and funds, but also directly to banks or lending communities: many of them develop their own products for entrepreneurs. Target spending of money is checked in any case - it can be:

Financing the acquisition of fixed assets, production equipment for the implementation of new projects;
Reimbursement of current expenses associated with the project (up to 30% of the loan amount);
Replenishment of working capital.

The loan is provided in the form of a one-time payment, revolving or non-revolving line in the amount of 50 million to a billion rubles. The term of the contract can be any, but the preferential program is valid for a maximum of three years. Also, to participate in it, an entrepreneur must invest his own funds in the project in the amount of:

20% for loans in the amount of 500 million rubles;
20% for loans, the repayment of which is expected from the profit received as a result of the launch of the funded project;
Without restrictions - for other investment projects.

Interest rates for using a loan are set for small enterprises at the level of 11–11.8% per annum, for medium ones - from 10% per annum.

microloans

In some cases, entrepreneurs do not need large-scale financing in the amount of tens of millions of rubles to implement projects. An alternative for those wishing to receive from 100,000 to 3,000,000 rubles can be another form of support for small businesses in 2018 - the provision of microloans. To qualify for this assistance, a business must operate in one of the following industries:

Agro-industrial production;
Construction;
Commodity production and processing of products;
Innovative and scientific activity;
Services sector.

The loan is issued for a period of three months to three years at a rate of 10% per annum. The intended purpose of such funding involves:

Replenishment of inventory and working capital;
Lease or purchase of commercial real estate;
Repair of real estate objects;
Rent or purchase of commercial vehicles;
Purchase of machine tools and technological lines;
Purchase of raw materials and materials;
Refinancing of previously issued loans.

The financial institution may require the entrepreneur to secure the loan with collateral. With an amount of up to 300,000 rubles, either movable and immovable property, or a guarantee is used as such. For lending volumes exceeding the specified limit, these types of guarantees are used together.

Indirect financial assistance

There is nothing surprising in the fact that entrepreneurs are primarily interested in the question of whether. However, the state allocates much more funds for the implementation of other types of support: this circumstance makes us think about a more careful study of alternative types of assistance to SMEs.

tax holidays

The first two years of operation of a small business can be considered the most difficult - at this stage, the company's expenses significantly exceed income. Therefore, the state SME support program provides for special tax incentives for small businesses in 2018:

For individual entrepreneurs using the simplified tax system - the possibility of reducing the rate from 6% to 1%;
For individual entrepreneurs using PSN - a decrease in the amount of potential income from 1,000,000 rubles to 500,000 rubles per year;
For individual entrepreneurs using UTII - the possibility of reducing the rate from 15% to 7.5%.

Start-up entrepreneurs can receive benefits in 2018 without restrictions, as the law extends the duration of the program through 2020, inclusive. Additionally, the rules for the application of tax holidays are established:

The reduction of the rate is allowed only for enterprises registered for the first time. Existing individual entrepreneurs cannot receive such a benefit;
To apply a special tax rate, an enterprise must switch to UTII, STS or PSN no later than two years after registration;
The benefit can be assigned for a period not exceeding two years;
Tax holidays in 2018 are provided to entrepreneurs working in the social, industrial or scientific fields. At the same time, the share of the company's income from these types of activities must exceed 70% of the total profit.

Compensation rates on loans

It is difficult to find any type of entrepreneurial activity that does not require periodic lending. Turning to banks, the owners of companies, in the absence of an alternative, are most often forced to accept not the most advantageous offers. At first glance, it seems that it is impossible to correct the situation, however, there is a way out here too: the corresponding program of state support for small businesses in Russia in 2018 allows, to a certain extent, to reduce the credit burden.

Of course, reimbursement of the body of the loan is still the main task of the entrepreneur. But partially offset interest rate for the use of credit can be at the expense of the state. Assistance is provided in the scope of:

1/3 of the refinancing rate set for 2018 (7.75%) for contracts with a term of less than two years;
1/2 of the refinancing rate for loans issued for a period of 2 to 3 years;
2/3 of the refinancing rate for loans issued for a period of more than three years.

The purpose of lending is also important in this case: the funds should be directed to the acquisition of fixed assets, the purchase of equipment, raw materials and materials, the expansion and reconstruction of production. The assessment of the expediency of allocating assistance is carried out on the basis of the data on the social and economic benefits project. Social criteria include:

Creation of additional jobs;
Increase wages employees.

Equally important are the economic criteria for the effectiveness of the project:

Growth in financing for the purchase of fixed assets;
Increase in the scope of work;
Quantitative increase in the volume of goods produced.

Loan guarantee

Banks, in an attempt to improve their financial performance and reduce risks, regularly tighten requirements for SME borrowers. For this reason, the number of company owners who managed to get around all the bureaucratic obstacles and get the desired funding is constantly decreasing.

Meanwhile, entrepreneurs can use an effective way to solve the problem - the state program to support small businesses in 2018 in the field of providing loan guarantees. Today, it is being implemented by entrepreneurship assistance funds financed from the federal or regional budgets.

Their priority areas are:

Production of products;
Folk crafts;
Scientific developments, innovations;
Construction;
Social business;
Housing and communal services;
Transport services;
Communication and telecommunications;
Domestic tourism.

Businessmen working in these industries are provided with the maximum guarantee, which allows them to receive up to 70% of the required security; accordingly, the entrepreneur must find the remaining 30% on his own. For non-priority industries, guarantees are somewhat less - within 50%. In addition, the service is paid: for its provision, the fund charges 0.75–1.25% of the guarantee amount.

In any case, a loan is issued by a bank participating in the state program, therefore, the borrower must first of all meet the requirements of the financial institution chosen for cooperation. As for guarantee funds, their conditions are somewhat more loyal:

Before applying to the fund, the enterprise must operate for at least six months;
The entrepreneur should not have debts for taxes and payments to the FIU;
The applicant must provide a security deposit of 30-50% of the loan amount.

Compensation of lease payments

As an alternative to rent, leasing has become not only a very popular way of obtaining equipment among entrepreneurs, but also a separate effective tool in the list of programs to support small and medium-sized businesses in 2018. In fact, company owners are offered a mechanism for partial subsidization of lease payments: to receive such assistance, an entrepreneur must contact the regional representative office of the Ministry of Economic Development. Reimbursement is made on a shared basis with certain restrictions:

Partial compensation of the first installment under the concluded leasing agreement in the amount of up to 50%. However, the amount of compensation should not exceed 500,000 rubles;
Partial compensation of regular lease payments up to 2/3 of the refinancing rate. The total amount of the subsidy should not exceed 5 million rubles.

Support can be received by business entities that have concluded agreements for the leasing of production equipment, machine tools, production lines, freight and light-duty Vehicle and cars. The subsidy is not available:

Companies purchasing equipment for trading activities;
Enterprises forced to pay penalties under the contract;
Entrepreneurs who have not demonstrated the proper level of social efficiency and have not created one job for every million rubles of compensation;
Companies operating in the areas of lending and insurance, audit, financial management of depositors, gambling and sweepstakes, real estate and trade.

Help for farmers

State support for small businesses in Russia 2018 includes a separate program to assist entrepreneurs working in the country's priority agro-industrial sector. Novice farmers are compensated up to 90% of the total documented amount of expenses for:

Purchase of agricultural land;
Construction of a house and home improvement;
Design of production shops and warehouses;
Purchase and repair of production shops and warehouses;
Construction of access roads to production facilities;
Connecting workshops and warehouses to engineering networks;
Purchase of agricultural and cargo machinery, production equipment;
Purchase of planting material;
Purchase of fertilizers and herbicides.

A subsidy can be received by a farm only once - in the first six months of the enterprise's operation. The maximum amount of financing reaches 1.5 million rubles: the funds transferred in 2018 must be disbursed within 18 months.

Assistance for entrepreneurs creating family livestock farms looks somewhat different: in this case, the grant amount increases to 3 million rubles, however, the applicant must provide evidence of his own funds in the amount of at least 40% of the total project cost. You need to spend money within 24 months for predetermined purposes:

Farm design;
Construction and equipment of the farm;
Construction and equipment of workshops for product processing;
Purchase and installation of farm equipment;
Purchase of farm animals.

The State Commission conducts a mandatory competition among applicants. The training of farmers is assessed according to the following criteria:

Higher education, work experience in the agro-industrial sector or running your own subsidiary farm for 10 years;
Quality business plan;
Own funds in the amount of 40% of the declared cost of the project;
Contracts concluded with consumers of products;
Successful entrepreneurial activity for 6 months.

In 2018, there will be changes in the mechanism for issuing grants for farmers. It is expected that the state will transfer money to the enterprise's account not in one payment, but in stages, as the previous parts are mastered.

Other types of assistance

In addition to direct or indirect financial state support for small businesses, other types of assistance are available to entrepreneurs in 2018, involving the creation of more comfortable conditions to conduct activities.

Rental of municipal property

Federal and local governments often have real estate that is underused or not used at all. The developers of the SME assistance program considered it expedient to lease such municipal facilities to start-up entrepreneurs on a preferential basis.

Business owners can receive similar property support when concluding a lease for a period of more than five years. Basic rates are determined based on the opinion of independent appraisers, formed in accordance with the situation on the real estate market. This data is then used to calculate the preferential rate for the first three years of the lease:

During the first year, the tariff is 40% of the rent;
During the second year - 60%;
During the third year - 80%;
For the fourth and subsequent years, the entrepreneur pays the full rate.

Compensation for participation in exhibitions

Even entrepreneurs who have information about existing business support programs often do not know about this type of assistance. In fact, the SPM subject can post factum compensate up to half of the total costs associated with exhibition activities, provided that the amount of the subsidy does not exceed 150 thousand rubles a year. Reimbursable expenses include:

Rent of space, installation of stands, creation of exhibition infrastructure;
Transportation of exhibits to the place of demonstration and back;
Organization of negotiations, presentations, printing of promotional materials;
Translation services.

To receive compensation, you must submit to the local Business Support Center an application, an agreement with the organizers of the exhibition, a copy of the document on payment for participation in the event, as well as an act of work performed.

Tuition reimbursement

Many newly created enterprises face the problem of insufficient qualification of employees. Expenses for their training in various trainings, seminars and courses at first can be an undesirable burden on the business. Meanwhile, in this case, there is a program of reimbursement of expenses: you just need to submit to the appropriate authorities evidence of training in the form of paid bills, diplomas or contracts concluded with training centers. Subsidies are subject to 50% of the costs in the amount of not more than 40 thousand rubles a year.

Of course, the management of a large enterprise is unlikely to consider such a relatively small compensation as a serious motivation. However, it should be remembered that almost all companies are forced to regularly send their lawyers and accountants to various seminars, and therefore a partial reimbursement of tuition fees can be considered an incentive bonus for growing small businesses.

What specific measures of state support can a person who has opened his own business count on?

Subsidies from the employment center

If you are just planning to open your own business, then the first thing you need to know about is the existence of a special program of the Ministry of Economic Development to provide subsidies to small and medium-sized businesses at the regional level. Within the framework of this program, the employment center provides one-time financial assistance in starting their own business.

The amount is provided in the amount of 12 times the maximum unemployment benefit. Previously, it was 58,800 rubles. (assuming that the amount of unemployment benefit was 4900 rubles). However, from January 1, 2019, the maximum allowance will increase from 4900 rubles. up to 8,000 rubles, so the amount of the subsidy may increase. It also provides for one-time financial assistance for the preparation of documents: payment of state duty, performance of notarial acts during state registration, purchase of blank documentation, production of seals, stamps, legal services, consultations. So, for example, in the Moscow region, financial assistance for the preparation of documents is 7,500 rubles.

The subsidy from the employment center is available to citizens who have reached the age of 18. But in order to receive it, they need to register with the employment center, that is, have the status of an unemployed person and receive benefits. It is also worth considering that not everyone is given subsidies, since there are a limited number of them, and they are issued at the beginning fiscal year(You need to try to get in the right period). About these and other subtleties Vasily Puchkov, Deputy Director of the Regional Center for Support of the Olympiad Movement.

Grant Support

Such a measure of state support is usually provided by regional authorities. The grant is provided to a start-up entrepreneur in the form of a lump-sum subsidy, on an irrevocable and gratuitous basis. The maximum amount, as a rule, is 600,000 rubles. But depending on the region, the conditions for obtaining grants may differ. Therefore, it is better to find out all the details on the spot. Money is allocated to those whose applications have passed the competitive selection. Among the selection criteria are the scope of the business, the amount of revenue, the number of jobs, etc.

In 2019, novice farmers can still count on special support from the state. The amount of the grant under the program "Support for Beginning Farmers" can reach 3 million rubles. This amount, for example, is received by novice livestock farmers in the Moscow region if they specialize in cattle breeding, and 1.5 million rubles each. provided to farms operating in other areas. A farm that receives such a grant must create at least one job for every 1 million rubles. grant.

In Tatarstan, for 2019, the amount of grant support under the Beginning Farmer program will be higher - it will amount to 5 million rubles. instead of the previous 3 million. So the conditions and amounts should be clarified in each case.

In addition, there are grants in the amount of up to 30 million rubles. for the development of family livestock farms.

In St. Petersburg, since 2015, the program “Support for Social Entrepreneurship” has been implemented, under which the costs associated with the payment of rental payments and the purchase of equipment are reimbursed: rent of buildings, non-residential premises, rental of equipment and purchase of equipment.

In addition, a program has been developed in St. Petersburg to support entrepreneurs who create children's centers; a program to support handicraft entrepreneurs, and other programs.

To learn more about how to receive grants and subsidies, visit official government websites that provide information on business support measures. So, for example, on the website of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Tatarstan, all areas of state support are described in detail. For the Moscow region, such information is provided by the website of the Center for Entrepreneurship Development of the Moscow Region. The Kuban Small Business website provides a detailed list of subsidies for entrepreneurs working in southern Russia.

It will be easier if you use the search in the section "Support for SMEs in the regions" on the Federal portal of small and medium-sized businesses. Just specify the region in the search - and you will be automatically transferred to the "local" portal of small and medium-sized businesses.

On the website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, you can use the list of authorized bodies to support small and medium-sized businesses in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Federal business support programs

This type of business support can be divided into programs from:

Ministry of Economic Development of Russia

His area of interest extends to the implementation of the program for the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to provide state support to SMEs in the regions (in accordance with and annually issued orders of the Ministry of Economic Development).

Funds are distributed on a competitive basis between the regions and are allocated for activities provided for by regional programs, but on the condition that the costs are co-financed by the regions.

The program of the Ministry of Economic Development provides for direct and indirect support measures that can be counted on by those who are engaged in the production of goods, develop and implement innovative products, specialize in folk art crafts, carry out handicraft activities, promote rural and ecotourism, and develop social entrepreneurship.

SME corporations

This organization deals with a variety of tasks, including financial, property, legal, infrastructural, methodological support; organizes different kinds support of investment projects, etc.

JSC "SME Bank"

More information about support programs and the conditions on the basis of which you can apply for government assistance in business development can be found on the regional portals of small and medium-sized businesses. For example, the Ryazan portal gives detailed information both by types, and by forms, and by support infrastructure.

Subsidies for reimbursement of interest on loans

A business can count on compensation for the cost of paying interest on loans received from credit institutions for the support and development of activities, including the renewal of fixed assets (with the exception of loans received for the purchase of passenger vehicles).

The conditions for obtaining a subsidy must be clarified in the regions. For example, in Moscow they are as follows:

the organization meets the criteria of an SME entity;
the organization or individual entrepreneur is registered and operates on the territory of Moscow, and the duration of registration is at least 6 months before the date of filing an application for a subsidy;
the period of overdue debt on taxes, fees and other obligatory payments on the day of filing the application does not exceed one month;
there are no pending contracts for the provision of subsidies from the budget of the city of Moscow on the day of application;
there are no violations of contractual obligations secured at the expense of the budget of the city of Moscow;
there is a loan agreement with a credit institution included in the list of credit institutions selected in accordance with the established procedure by the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship Joint-Stock Company and concluded with the Department of Science, industrial policy and entrepreneurship of the city of Moscow, a cooperation agreement, or received the approval of a credit institution for issuing a loan.

In 2019, the state will allocate 7.2 billion rubles to banks. on preferential loans for entrepreneurs, thus increasing budget subsidies for the program of preferential loans for small businesses in priority sectors by 11 times. This is provided for in the draft federal budget for 2019 and subsequent 2020-2021. The total amount of expenses for the next 6 years will amount to 190.9 billion rubles.

The proposal is to issue loans to small and medium-sized businesses for projects in priority sectors at a rate of 6.5%. It will apply to industries such as agriculture, construction, transport, communications, tourism, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water production, healthcare, collection, processing and disposal of waste, industries that implement priority areas for the development of science and technology. and technology.

According to the rules, the difference with market rates (3.1% for a loan agreement for medium-sized businesses and 3.5% for small businesses) is reimbursed by the budget to banks. In 2019, thanks to innovations, concessional lending will be carried out for more than 200 billion rubles.

Small Business Support: Changes in 2019

In the summer of 2018, the President signed, which expands property support for small and medium-sized businesses. This law establishes an indefinite right to redeem leased state and municipal property and the possibility of using land plots when providing property support to SMEs.

Also, shortly before 2019, Government Decree dated 10.10.2018 No. 1212 was presented. The document amends the rules for granting subsidies from the federal budget credit institutions to compensate for their lost income on loans issued to SMEs at a reduced rate.

According to the document, the maximum amount of a loan granted to an SME for investment purposes at a preferential rate has been reduced from 1 billion rubles. up to 400 million rubles But the maximum size of the total amount of loans that can be issued to one borrower is still 1 billion rubles. The changes were made to enable banks to lend to more SMEs.

In addition, it is important to mention Government Decree No. 2586-r dated November 26, 2018, which refers to a draft federal law amending Art. 25 federal law"On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation". This bill has been prepared for the implementation of the national project "Small and Medium Enterprises and Support for Individual Entrepreneurial Initiatives", which provides for expanding the access of SMEs to financial resources, including concessional financing.

When the draft law is adopted, the guarantee support provided by SME Corporation JSC to SMEs will be expanded. This will affect companies operating in high-tech industries, start-ups, agricultural cooperatives, fast-growing innovative companies and SMEs implementing projects in the Far East and North Caucasus federal districts and in single-industry towns.