Processing wood into chips. A few important points

The process of logging, woodworking and secondary production is associated with the formation of wood waste. The volumes of recycled wood production are commensurate with the volumes of finished products. Additional source wood waste are forest parks and green spaces of cities, which are periodically subjected to sanitary felling and cleaning. However, finds useful application no more than half of the remains of wood. Valuable natural material it simply rots without attempting to recycle. Therefore, the processing of wood waste and recycling raw materials remain relevant.

The following types of raw materials remain unprocessed at the procurement sites:

• roots and stumps;
• branches and branches;
• small tree greens;
• sawdust and shavings;
• bark and tops.

AT sawmill production one-fifth of the imported material is classified as non-commercial wood or firewood, and part goes into sawdust. At factories for the production of furniture, plywood, veneer, the share of waste is 35–60% of the volume of sawn timber.

It should be noted that wood residues are a valuable source of raw materials for recycling in order to obtain products and materials for various purposes. Their recycling will save natural resources and solving environmental problems.

Classification of wood raw materials

Wood waste is classified by density:

• bark and bast;
• soft - shavings and sawdust, dust, tree greens: needles and leaves;
• solid or lumpy - this includes stumps, slabs, roots, tree branches, pruning.

How to receive:

• when felling the forest: stumps, tops, branches, bark, trimmings, firewood;
• when processing round timber or primary sawmilling;
• residues from the production of veneer and: shavings and sawdust, substandard trimmings, slats, slabs, bark;
• secondary waste of furniture factories: board cuttings, shavings and sawdust.

Ways to use

Woodworking waste has the most wide application, they are in demand in many sectors of the economy:

• construction;
• chipboard;
• cement particle boards;
• wood concrete;
• brick;
• gypsum sheets;
• paper production
• paper and cardboard;
• source of thermal energy;
• fuel briquettes and pellets;
• firewood;
• Agriculture;
• compost to improve the fertility of loamy soils;
• additive from sawdust to the soil of greenhouses and greenhouses;
• bedding for animals;
• processing solid waste after digestion of the extract into feed flour, which has an antibacterial property.

Sawdust of all kinds is in demand in hydrolysis and brick production, for heating and for the manufacture of gypsum-based sheets, for the production of sawdust concrete and organic fuel.

In private households, attics and basements are insulated with sawdust. In the conditions of industrial enterprises, sawdust is necessary for filtering wastewater. A mixture of sawdust with serves as an excellent dry closet filler.

Paper mills and agriculture use wood waste. Small and large chips, especially conifers trees are needed to obtain a special building material for wood concrete. Recycled shavings after special processing are laid in wood-shaving and cement-shaving boards, which are necessary in housing construction.

Technology for chipping wood into chips

Processing methods

Wood waste processing is carried out according to two main technologies:

• chemical method of hydrolysis - resulting in turpentine, acetic acid, coal;
• mechanical - after grinding the wood, wood chips come out for the manufacture of building boards, pellets and briquettes for heating.

Processing wood begins with the division into varieties and types of wood. Then the raw materials are cut, cleaned of rotted areas, steamed.

For cleaning from harmful impurities that have penetrated from the soil or sewage, they are treated with saline solutions.

At the next stage, the material is crushed on machines with toothed discs. In order to facilitate the process and reduce the load on the drive, the crusher is subjected to steam treatment.

Processing technology and necessary equipment selected based on the type of wood waste.

Specialized equipment for processing wood waste is selected depending on the chosen processing method.

In any case, you will need:

• Press forms;
• screw conveyor;
• manual rammers;
• chipper unit;
• mixing station;
• wood splitters;
• shredders;
• separators;
• briquetters;
• gas generator;
• storage hopper;
• coal burning stove;
• control station;
• transporters.

Getting charcoal

Wood waste should be effectively disposed of by making charcoal. Charcoal is used as a minor component in metallurgical and chemical production.

AT construction technologies it is used for thermal insulation. As a product of overproduction, it serves as an additive in the feed mixture for livestock and poultry.

Charcoal is characterized by high calorific value and lack of toxicity, it consists entirely of carbon. In the process of burning, it does not emit toxic substances, and it is also suitable for cooking.

Processing for organic fuel

AT European countries are concerned about environmental issues and try to minimize the burden on environment. One of the ways is the development of green technologies and the use of environmentally friendly organic fuels. Mining is successfully used after processing as fuel.

Cheap types of fossil fuels obtained from milled wood waste:

Briquettes

Made from the remains of woodworking. They can sustain combustion for 8 hours due to their high density. With minimal emission of carbon monoxide, they provide persistent heat.

Fuel material in the form of pellets with high calorific value.

The production of cheap energy carriers is a solution to the issue of sawmill waste disposal, protection natural environment and obtaining an alternative form of energy.

Production of fuel briquettes

One of the promising areas for the processing of woodworking waste is. The popularity of solid fuel boilers is growing because they are economical and efficient. And the calorific value of briquettes is comparable to coal.

The amount of heat released during the combustion of coal is 22 MJ per kilogram, and wood briquettes - 19. For example, the calorific value of firewood is 10 MJ / kg. Ecological material for heating has a low ash content, and wood chips serve as the feedstock.

Due to the constant increase in prices for , the need for alternative sources heat will increase.

To equip the processing industry, you will need:

• warehouse and transport equipment;
• installation for grinding recyclables;
• molding press;
• packing plant;
• drying unit.

Pellet production

The demand for those used in everyday life and at work is held on high level. Burning time and calorific value depend on the feedstock. In most cases sawdust is used.

The production line includes:

• crushers;
• drying equipment;
• coolers;
• granulators;
• packaging machines.

Chip production

Progressive technology for processing solid waste is the production of wood chips. Chips are needed as a technological raw material for other industries and fuel. In accordance with the purpose, it is divided into technological chips and fuel chips.

From practical observations, it became clear that active combustion in the furnace is observed after the laying of crushed material with a size of 25–100 mm. The use of large wood residues does not give efficient combustion because a dense layer is not formed.

Grinding of recyclables takes place on chippers.

drum chipper

Their design is different for various kinds and sizes of processed residues and requirements for the quality of the finished wood chips.

Machines are built into the production line. Taking into account the individual characteristics of production, they are produced with a horizontal and inclined arrangement of the loading cartridge, top, bottom and side wood chips, left and right execution. This allows you to create best conditions work and increase productivity.

The dimensions of wood waste affect the location of the cartridge and the size of its bore. The processing plan and the applied technology determine the choice of machine for productivity.

The second equally important mechanism in processing into chips is gyratory sorting. The peculiarity of its design is that the box with several sieves makes a circular motion in a horizontal plane.

During the processing of sawmill waste on modern installations, the main production receives a huge amount of additional raw materials. Thanks to the timely disposal of wood waste, it improves ecological situation region where production is located. Therefore, the issue of wood waste disposal is raised at the administrative level of any region.

Video: Wood processing production

Wood processing makes it possible to obtain various products and materials that are widely used both in industry and in our country. Everyday life. In addition, the processing of wood waste contributes to the order and rationalization of the use of natural resources. That's why this topic is of great importance and requires special attention.

The processing of wood waste into new materials and products has a lot of different directions. But before proceeding to consider this issue, it is necessary to remember what the waste from sawmilling and wood processing industries is.

Wood waste is generated in large quantities at enterprises engaged in woodworking, sleeper sawing, sawmilling, production of plywood, furniture, etc. Such waste can be presented in the form of sawdust, shavings, wood chips, branches, greenery of trees, their roots and stumps.

Most often, sawdust is used to make new products from waste. They are used to produce building material (chip-gypsum sheets, sawdust concrete, etc.), fuel briquettes and pellets. Wood shavings are widely used in the production of chipboard, chipboard and other products used in construction.

Various wood processing wastes are used in pulp and paper mills, as well as in agriculture. From wood chips coniferous trees receive a unique material for construction - wood concrete. In addition, wood waste is used in the production of cosmetics, medicines and animal feed additives.

Obtaining fertilizers from wood and wood waste

Everyone knows that organic fertilizers are used to improve soil fertility: manure, peat, etc. To eliminate the deficiency of organic components in infertile soils, fertilizers based on wood and wood waste can also be used.

For example, many use sawdust to improve soil quality when growing raspberries. But the use of sawdust alone is ineffective.

To increase the fertility of agricultural land, it is more correct to use composts. An excellent fertilizer is obtained by composting shredded wood waste with the addition of some nutrients and trace elements.

Through a variety of chemical substances and good humus-forming ability of tree bark, composts are most often created on its basis. It contains a large number of carbon, potassium and calcium.

Bark composting consists of several steps:

1. Raw materials are crushed using hammer mills, bark grinders or feed grinders (for example, Volgar-5). The size of the resulting pieces should not exceed 1 cm.
2. The crushed mass is mixed with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.
3. Burtas are formed in which the composted mixture is stored for 1.5 - 4 months. Heaps are periodically tedded for better aeration.

The humus obtained after composting has the properties of humus, its use in agriculture helps to increase the yield of plants.

In addition, the bark can be used in a non-compostable form. It is crushed to produce a mulch that, when applied to the ground cover, inhibits weed growth, slows down the process of water evaporation, prevents soil crust from forming, and reduces the difference in soil temperature between night and day.

Wood-based fertilizers can be produced different ways, only a few of them have been considered in the article.

Wood processing methods

Wood is a valuable raw material from which modern world the most different materials and products. However, in production purposes not only tree trunks are used, but also wood waste, which largely saves resources.

The main goal that is set today for wood processing enterprises is the deep processing of wood, which implies the implementation of a full cycle of wood material processing and the manufacture of new products from it.

There are several ways to process wood:

Chemical processing includes several main areas:

• paper production at pulp and paper mills;
• hydrolysis;
• pyrolysis;
• production of rosin and turpentine.

Consider some processes chemical technology wood processing.

Hydrolysis. In the crushed mass of waste is added diluted sulfuric acid, after which the mixture is heated in a boiler with steam to a temperature of 180 - 190 ° C. During hydrolysis, monosaccharides, methanol, organic acids (acetic and formic), as well as a solid residue - the so-called hydrolytic lignin - are formed from high-molecular carbohydrates. The sugar-containing solution is poured out of the boiler, then the acid is neutralized with calcium hydroxide and the subsequent sediment is separated, and the resulting solution is fermented in a special vat. During the fermentation process, microorganisms transform sugars into alcohol. The result of fermentation is a 1.2 - 1.6% ethanol solution, which is sent for rectification in order to obtain pure alcohol. Ethanol is a raw material from which synthetic rubber, dyes, medicines, plastics, etc. are produced.

Pyrolysis. Wood raw materials decompose in pyrolysis plants in an airless environment at a temperature of 450 ° C. As a result of pyrolysis, substances are obtained in a liquid and gaseous state, as well as a solid residue - charcoal. The process begins with the separation of the mass of wood (waste) into separate pieces, which are then dried. The next stage is the pyrolysis itself. Then the coal part is cooled and stabilized to prevent its ignition. Next, the resulting vapors are subjected to condensation.

Interesting! Pyrolysis became popular already in the 19th century. Back then, deciduous trees were used in the process to form end products (acetic acid).

Hardwood components are also mainly used today for pyrolysis. So, for example, the result of the pyrolysis process of birch, the moisture content of which is 10-15%, is the formation of 25% coal, 50% liquid compounds ("liquid") and approximately 23% gaseous substances.

The fraction of charcoal can be sent either to direct customers or to a processing plant in order to obtain any products. The liquid residue of the process is subjected to settling, in which the resin accumulates. Acetic acid, methyl alcohol, aldehydes and other valuable products are obtained from it.

The gas mixture formed during pyrolysis consists of carbon oxides, methane and some other hydrocarbons.

Thus, the complex processing of wood consists in obtaining a high-quality solid wood, wood-based materials, wood products for different industries, chemical compounds.

Note! The profession of working with wood is relevant today. Therefore, in our country there are many educational institutions, which train specialists in the technology of integrated wood processing.

Processing equipment

Equipment for different industries from sawdust and wood waste depends on the specific direction of the business. It is possible to single out a number of the most common installations required for the processing of wood raw materials, consisting of:

• low-speed shredders used to convert wood into chips with a size of 0.8-1 cm;
• shredders that grind waste of different sizes, equipped with special cutting knives;
• horizontal shredders;
• briquetting presses used in the production of fuel briquettes;
• silos designed for storage, transportation and unloading of raw materials.

You can see what the plants included in the deep wood processing line look like in the following short video

Where to take wood waste for recycling

Reception of wood waste is carried out by specialized companies involved in the collection, removal and processing of wood and plant residues. It is most convenient to search for the addresses of such organizations via the Internet. As a rule, large wood processing and other enterprises, in the course of which wood waste is generated, enter into an agreement with companies for the processing of unnecessary wood residues. You can hand over such waste for money (firms buy raw materials for the purpose of its further processing).

Wood processing as a business

A huge number of products for different spheres of our life can be produced from wood. Therefore, the processing of wood waste as a business (OKVED code 16) is a promising area of ​​business. Here are some of the benefits of doing this:

1. The relevance of the business, the absence of fierce competition on the Russian market, the availability of cheap raw material base due to the fact that most of the wood waste in our country is not processed in any way, but simply rots.
2. Ease in finding sales channels for finished products, relatively quick payback, despite the high cost of the necessary equipment.

Thus, wood recycling is a great idea for profitable business which, with proper leadership, will be successfully implemented.

Russia is rich forest resources. Therefore, the topic of wood processing is extremely relevant for our country. Developing our business in this direction, it is possible that in the near future we will process almost the entire volume of wood waste into useful and high-quality products without harming our environment.

18

Designed for processing wood waste (tree tops, substandard pieces, large branches, etc.) into technical chips. Has a built-in fan. The crusher is driven by an electric motor. Advantages: compact design (1680x690x900 mm) makes it possible to use this unit in limited production areas, high productivity of the equipment (8-15 cubic meters per hour), a 15 kW electric motor ensures stable and uniform rotation of the rotor at a speed of 700 rpm, guaranteeing high quality and speed of material processing, safety of operation.

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12

Processed raw materials - small fraction wood waste (wood chips, sawdust, shavings, etc.). It consists of a crushing chamber, a clutch guard, a clutch and an electric motor. The crushing chamber consists of a body, a cover and a rotor. The body is mounted on the frame and bolted to it. Inside the body on the side walls there are radial grooves for installing a sieve consisting of two parts. The cover is mounted on the top flange of the housing. On its side walls there are also radial grooves for installing a sieve and a cast-iron deck. The working body of the crusher is the rotor, which consists of a shaft, discs, spacers, hammers. The product is fed through the intake pipe in the lid and, thanks to the impact of the rotating hammers, as well as the impact of particles on the deck, is crushed. The degree of grinding depends on the size of the sieves.

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8

Designed for processing wood waste (tops of trees, substandard pieces, large branches, etc.) into technical chips. They have a built-in fan. The IDM-10 crusher is driven by an electric motor, and the IDM-10T is aggregated with MTZ-80, MTZ-82, T-150 tractors and their modifications, mounted on a 3-point hydraulic hitch and driven by a power take-off shaft through a cardan drive .

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6

It is intended for industrial preparation of firewood. Can be used in households. The slope of the piercing knife, which provides a smooth plunge, increasing the specific splitting pressure. Raising and lowering the knife with a hydraulic cylinder increases productivity and ease of use. The centering groove on the table helps to simplify the installation of the block. The hydraulic system and used hydraulic components are selected taking into account the "heavy" mode of operation. Optimization of the hydraulic system and the hydraulic components used eliminates overheating even under “heavy” operating conditions.

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5

Crusher DOS-1 is designed for processing wood waste into technological chips (tree tops, substandard pieces, large branches, etc.). The wood chips are ejected by the rotating rotor through the wood chips. Ejection height - 3.5 m. DOS-1 crushers can be used for processing woodworking waste, during industrial sanitary clearings. During felling in cities, processing of branches (up to 100 mm in diameter) makes it possible to reduce the cost of transporting cut trees. In addition, wood chips obtained during processing can be used in the production of wood-based panels, fuel briquettes, used for compost and other purposes. Mobile plant (DOP-1) can work on site in parallel with trimming.

Just sawdust, you say?! I will answer that this is the cheapest and most multifunctional material, which must certainly be used if there is a desire to earn money, but before that you will have to work a little. So, everything that can be made from sawdust with a minimal addition of some other raw material is described in this article with all the features, costs and methods of implementation.

Product number 1. Fuel pellets.
Notorious already fuel pellets. They are briquettes of overdried sawdust, which is molded into bricks and packed in 10-20 pieces per box. An excellent product instead of standard firewood: suitable for stoves, fireplaces and maintaining the temperature in steam rooms.

To create production, you need a piece of land, preferably away from settlements:
- the cost of the site is significantly cheaper;
- no complaints about noise and smell.
Of course, when choosing a site for production, it is necessary to be guided not only by the presence or absence of neighbors and the price of land. The miser pays twice, so you have to calculate:
- what time does the delivery of raw materials to the place of pellet production cost;
- whether there is electricity or not, because it will still be needed;
- fare;
- other expenses.

Equipment for the manufacture of pellets can be purchased ready-made. Its price in the collection is, depending on the capacity, from 1.5 to 4 million rubles. But if you think about it, everything is somewhat simpler:
1. The drying unit only looks so scary. In fact, this is an ordinary smokehouse, only it stands on fire, and inside the container there is sawdust and is “fried”, giving all the moisture out of itself. The main thing in the drying process is the constant mixing of sawdust for uniform drying. The kneading process is very simply modernized into mechanics: the container is fixed on 2 supports, and, with the help of an electric motor, rotates around a horizontal axis.

2. Briquetting takes place under an industrial press, and in the initial production, several home-made forms are enough (a wooden chute closed on four sides, according to the size of the briquette, where sawdust and a wooden lid are laid, which is superimposed on top and pressed down with something heavy.

3. Little tricks. On an industrial scale, a specialized press is used. And if, by chance, you don’t have a familiar director of the plant who will sell it at the price of scrap metal, then you shouldn’t bother. We will use grandfather's recipes:
- dilute any wood glue with warm water in proportions of 1 to 2, and then spray the sawdust put into the mold from the spray gun;
- the same principle, only natural resin is used instead of glue;
- all the same can be done with the help of a klester.

Product number 2. Production of opal concrete.
Opilo concrete - not great new idea, but quite effective, it is especially good for small construction projects in the form of baths, capital garages or attached to individual construction. What it is? This is a common building block based on cement, only instead of sand and gravel, sawdust is used in the same proportion (for concrete grade M 150, cement is 1 part, sand is 3, and crushed stone is five; sawdust equivalent: cement is one part, and sawdust is 7-8 parts).

What is fundamentally new in it? Yes, many things, for example:
- with the same volume, a block of sawdust weighs 4-5 times less than concrete, while it has all the same strength characteristics;
- in places where a whole block is not needed, the concrete block will have to be broken, and the sawdust is cut with a simple hacksaw;
- concrete block loses in thermal conductivity and thermal insulation;
- Unlike concrete, sawdust blocks are easy to drill, drill and cut.
The only tangible disadvantage of such a product is that it absorbs moisture well upon direct contact, therefore, as a building material, it needs sheathing.

Product number 3. Sawdust heater.
It has long been known that a layer of sawdust works like a thermos, so they began to use it as insulation for floors and attics, or as a backfill for dugout cellars. But in recent times Several methods have been invented to insulate walls by direct application.
Method 1
Conventional direct application, on walls previously smeared with wallpaper paste, using a roller or simply by sketching with your hands.

Method 2
Sawdust insulation sheets. They are made from dry sawdust of any size. This requires the same wallpaper glue, which is mixed in a container with sawdust at the rate of 1 bucket of glue for 5-6 buckets of sawdust. The resulting mixture is placed in a mold (it is enough to make it from a pair of plywood sheets), where it remains until the glue dries completely. There is one nuance or trick here: in order to remove the sawdust sheet from plywood, you must first coat it with vegetable or machine oil, and then carefully, with a knife, get the sheet out of the mold.
Method 3
Sandwiches made of any flexible material (maybe even fabric) with sawdust inserts. It is carried out very simply: The fabric is cut to the size of the future panel, then it is laid out on a flat surface and sawdust is poured on top, which must be leveled over the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe fabric. The second piece of fabric is superimposed on top and sewn to the bottom around the entire perimeter, leaving only one side. Beauty is useless, so the seam can be anything. Next action shaping: once again smooth the fabric with sawdust and spray with hairspray. After waiting for the fixation of the fabric, add the missing amount of sawdust and sew the last edge.
Ready.

It is rather difficult to calculate the level of costs and payback periods of such projects due to the large price difference for raw materials. But the benefit of the enterprise is unequivocal, because, for comparison: 4 squares of an average insulation cost about 1000 rubles, and with sawdust it will take a maximum of 300, well, plus work.

Wood is used in many areas of activity. This construction, furniture, various business areas. But in the process of producing the necessary products, a lot of waste remains. Their processing is not only a matter of environmental friendliness of production, but also saving money and resources. Therefore, the wood waste business is a promising direction today.

Business Relevance

Despite the fact that the woodworking business, as well as the wood waste processing business, has been developed for a long time, the niche has not yet been filled. There are many ways to process sawdust, wood chips, bark, and more. Only 50% of the available material is used for processing, and even less in Siberia - 35%. At the same time, the remains of logging and sawmilling are not used at all. All this suggests that your business will always have raw materials for production.

At the same time, in the production of furniture, building materials, the amount of wood waste is about 45%. Moreover, not only sawdust, shavings, but also slabs, bark are used.

Place of business organization

For a mini-plant for the processing of wood waste, you need to rent or buy a room. Its area depends on which direction of processing you have chosen. This affects the type and dimensions of industrial installations.

But the most important thing is to choose the right location for production. It must be located near the place of supply of raw materials. It is advisable to equip the workshop directly at the woodworking enterprise.

Similarly, it is necessary to think over distribution channels in advance. They should also be located close to production, otherwise all profits will go to logistics costs. Also, you should not focus on the export of produced fuel to Europe. On the one hand, the demand for it in European countries is very high. But on the other hand, transport and customs costs will force you to set an exorbitantly high price for the goods. Not to mention the fact that a product for sale in Europe must pass a lot of checks to ensure that it meets all local regulations. The optimal distance for transporting goods from wood waste and making a good profit is no more than 100 km.

Types of wood waste

There are several types of wood waste. They can be divided by density:

• lumpy (solid);
• sawdust and shavings (soft);
• bark.

They are also classified according to the method of obtaining:

• primary or secondary wood processing;
• the use of round timber;
• deforestation.

The type of wood waste depends on the technology of their processing, the equipment that your business will require, markets, and so on.

Waste treatment process

Wood processing begins with sorting waste by wood species, cutting, steaming, removing rotten areas. Then the raw material is treated with salt solutions to remove possible harmful components from the wood that could have penetrated from sewage or contaminated soil.

The next stage of processing is mechanical crushing into special machines with toothed discs. Before this stage, the wood is sometimes steamed to facilitate grinding.

Processing equipment

Depending on which direction of processing you have chosen, the market offers separate specific equipment. But there is a whole list of units that will be needed in any direction of activity. These include:

• screw conveyor;
• Press forms;
• manual rammers;
• drying chamber;
• chipping machine;
• gas generator;
• mixing station;
• wood splitters and wood splitters;
• storage bin;
• charcoal kilns;
• Remote Control.

Areas of application for wood waste

First of all, recycled wood waste is used in construction. For example, in the construction of houses according to the Canadian system, slabs are used, which include wood chips, shavings, which are glued together with environmentally friendly resins.

In addition, wood waste is used to make:

• chip-cement and wood-chip boards;
• brick;
• plaster sheets.

Waste is also used in hydrolysis plants and paper mills, for the production of paper and cardboard.

Briquette production

The recycling business can be oriented based on the areas of use of wood residues. As already mentioned, these can be building materials: bricks, slabs, gypsum sheets. But most promising direction the production of briquettes for fuel is considered. The fact is that their thermal conductivity approaches the thermal conductivity of coal. For example, if during the combustion of coal, heat is released by 22 MJ / kg, then during the combustion of wood briquettes - 19 MJ / kg. For comparison, the usual firewood gives 10 MJ / kg. In addition, after burning the briquettes, there remains a minimum amount of ash and CO2 gas.

Equipment for such production will require investments of about 1 million rubles. least. In this case, the business plan includes the purchase of such equipment:

• warehouse;
• packaging;
• molding press;
• aggregates for grinding, drying waste.

As practice shows, it is the production of wood briquettes that helps to quickly bring this business to payback. Additionally, waste can be sold to other destinations. For example, agriculture is an active consumer of sawdust.

Pellet production

They are used for heating both private houses and in industrial production. The level of thermal conductivity depends on the source material. The most popular is sawdust. To establish the production of pellets, the business plan should provide for the purchase of such equipment:

• for packing and packing;
• cooler;
• press granulator;
• dryer;
• equipment for crushing raw materials (up to 1 mm or less).

It costs from 400 thousand rubles. and more. It is possible to purchase special European-made installations focused specifically on the production of sawdust briquettes. They allow the use of wet sawdust - the unit simultaneously dries them. The device works on diesel fuel and gas.

In the production of pellets, it is permissible to use straw, grain waste, but the higher the percentage of their content, the lower the quality of the final product. Pellets with a low content of other impurities are used for domestic heating boilers. With high - for industrial, as well as for cat trays. But in any case, the percentage of additional impurities should not exceed 5%.

Production of fibreboard

They are used both in the construction of buildings, finishing works, and in the manufacture of furniture. In this case, the production plan is implemented in the following stages:

• cleaning and grinding wood;
• steaming;
• the second stage of grinding;
• drying;
• molding;
• pressing;
• grinding;
• decorative finish.

Today you can buy special lines for the manufacture of such products, both foreign and domestic production.

Fuel production

If your business is focused on the production of fuel, it is worth buying a pyrolysis plant. It consists of the following main nodes:

• raw material preparation unit;
• pyrolysis boiler;
• gas power plant.

They have been produced in Russia for more than 80 years, but you can also buy foreign equipment. A domestic unit for 10 tons of sawdust per day costs about 30 million rubles. And it works partly on electricity, partly on fuel. About 3 tons of fuel are obtained from 18 tons of waste: gasoline (40%), diesel fuel (40%), fuel oil (20%).

Additional destinations

A business can be built not only on the processing of sawdust. During the cooking of the bark and sawdust of coniferous trees, as well as their greenery, condensate remains, which is also called vat residue. It contains water-soluble biologically active substances, organic acids, chlorophylls, carotenes, provitamins, vitamins, etc. A useful coniferous extract can be prepared from it, which is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, medicinal preparations for animals, as well as feed additives for animals and birds.

The hard greens of coniferous trees remaining after cooking can be processed into fodder meal for animals. This is another area that your business can use for additional sources of income. Moreover, such flour has a bactericidal effect and is used as a prevention of tuberculosis in animals.

Another area that a business can use is the production of fertilizer. For this, the composting method is used. It will be necessary to make special trenches and lay waste wood pulp in them. During ripening, it accumulates nitrogen. Such fertilizers are used for highly mineralized and loamy soils.

Opening costs

Cost plan for initial stage will require considerable investments - at least 150 thousand dollars. They will go to repair the premises, purchase equipment, raw materials. Such items should be included in the spending plan.

Arrangement of the premises:

• fire alarm, fire extinguishing system ($2.1 thousand);
• lighting ($500);
• power supply (1.8 thousand dollars);
• general ventilation ($800);
• technological ventilation and air ducts (4.5 thousand dollars);
• creation of conditions for workers (2.5 thousand dollars).

Equipment costs (on the example of the production of briquettes for fuel):

• commissioning (10 thousand dollars);
• a machine for the production of briquettes ($110,000);
• packing machine (12 pieces each, $1,000);
• packaging and warehousing equipment ($1.7 thousand).

Other expenses:

• production costs (7.1 thousand dollars);
• consumables ($2,000);
• wages (3 shifts of 4 people, about 6 thousand dollars).

Monthly spending plan

The cost plan is formed on the basis that the production of briquettes will work 20 hours a day and be serviced by three teams of 4 people each. Total per month for wages will take about $300 per person and another 50% of taxes - about $5.5 thousand.

Electricity costs must be included in the cost plan. The operating power of the equipment will be 80 kW. It will work about 600 hours a month, that is, it will cost about 4.7 thousand dollars.

You also need to include various additional costs. Thus, about 240 tons of briquettes will be produced per day (equipment capacity - 400 kg/h). They will require 240 euro pallets. To do this, about 2 thousand dollars must be included in the spending plan.

Please note that the basic equipment includes four auger nozzles. But they wear out already after 80-90 tons of manufactured products. The cost of the tip is about $300. Used tips can be refurbished for $100. Then the cost plan will be reduced. From additional materials you will need a stretch film that will wrap the folded pallets. The total plan for monthly expenses will be about 8.9 thousand dollars.

Income Plan

One ton of wood briquette costs $115. Taking into account the operation of the plant for 20 hours a day and a production volume of 0.5 t / h, it is possible to produce products worth $34.5 thousand per month. Production costs and costs for consumables - approximately 9.1 thousand dollars. In total, you can receive up to 25.4 thousand dollars per month.

Investments can pay off already in six months, which is quite enough for a small production good indicator. If you have enough funds to organize such a business, then it is quite possible to establish a promising and highly profitable production.