Natural resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Minerals

More than 500 deposits of non-metallic minerals have been explored in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Graphite, thermoanthracite. Graphite reserves 86.5 million tons, resources - 264.8 million tons; reserves of thermal anthracite - 41.9 million tons, resources - 178.1 million tons. All deposits and manifestations are located in the western part of the Tunguska coal-bearing basin, where two graphite-bearing regions are distinguished: Kureisky and Noginsky. Kureyskoe The graphite deposit has balance reserves of industrial categories in the amount of 9.8 million tons. Noginsk deposit with balance reserves of 1.6 million tons of graphite provided, until recently, the need of the Krasnoyarsk graphite factory in raw materials. Thermoanthracite together with graphite is found only in Seragan field and in Taimyr. Since 1931 Noginsk field.

Magnesite. Within the Yenisei Ridge is uderean magnesite-bearing region with predicted resources of 352 million tons, where deposits have been explored in detail Kirgiteiskoe, Talskoe, Verkhoturovskoe . Currently, the Kirgiteiskaya group of deposits is being developed in the region by the Severo-Angara GMK, the Verkhoturovskoye deposit is being developed by Stalmag JSC. Talc. Verkhoturovskoe and Kirgiteiskoe Place of Birth. Verkhoturovskoye - reserves 65.6 million tons. Kirgiteiskoe field (industrial h reserves 7.6 million tons). In 1992, quarry production was started (TEAO "Sitalk"). Since 1997, the deposit has been developed by ZAO Mikrotalk. In 1999, the extraction of talc amounted to 8 thousand tons.

Zeolites. This is a relatively new type of mineral raw material with unique properties of adsorption and ion exchange, which determines broad areas its application. Due to the lack of explored deposits, synthetic ones were widely used (natural ones are 20-200 times cheaper than the latter). Currently, clinoptilolite, mordenite, chabazite, ferrierite, erionite, and philliplite are of practical value. The total reserves of zeolites of 73 million tons are concentrated in two deposits of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Pashensky and Sakhaptinsky . A license was issued to the Nika enterprise for the study and extraction of this raw material.

The raw material is optical and piezo-optical. The largest spar-bearing province is located within the administrative boundaries of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (in Evenkia). The area of the province is about 100 thousand km2, within which the unique Nizhne-Tunguska region was discovered, where almost all the recorded reserves of optical calcite in the country are concentrated. In total, 29 objects are known within its boundaries, some of which are large industrial deposits. Icelandic spar accumulations (nested and veined) are associated with globular lavas. General reserves are estimated as unique. Field crystal located in Vanavar district, Babkinskoye and Levoberezhnoye (operated) near Tura.

Diamonds. Industrial concentrations of kimberlite-type diamonds were found in the middle reaches of the river. Podkamennaya Tunguska in the Nizhne-Tychanskaya (300-400 million carats) and Tarydakskaya areas (350 million carats). According to experts, the prospects for diamond potential of the region are comparable with the Yakut province. The largest diamond of the Krasnoyarsk Territory weighing 700.6 mg (3.5 carats) was found in the alluvial placer of the river. Tychany (Evenkia). The diamond is an octahedral crystal with a strong alluvial matting and crescent-shaped cracks, and unfortunately it is not of gem quality. It is known that 60% of diamonds found in Evenkia are of gem quality. Gem-quality diamonds weighing up to 2 carats are present in the Dogoi placer in the Khatangsky district of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug.

Impact diamonds. In the north of the region, within the Popigai ring structure (Khatanga region), unique deposits of industrial impact diamonds ( percussion, rock ). The deposits were discovered in 1973 during prospecting. In terms of total diamond reserves, this group of deposits exceeds all known diamond-bearing provinces in the world. Technological tests of Popigai diamonds showed wide range from surgical scalpels and soldering iron tips to rock cutting tools and high quality abrasives. In terms of abrasive ability, impact diamonds exceed kimberlite and synthetic ones. The relative inaccessibility of the area and the weak interest in this type of raw material in the country have not allowed these deposits to be involved in mining so far.

Colored stones. Borusskoe jadeite deposit (680 tons) and Kantegirskoe jade deposit (18.5 tons, Shushensky district) and Kurtushibinskoe jade deposit (Ermakovskiy district). Jade deposits are being prepared for development. On the Siberian platform there are deposits of agate, chrysolite and carnelian. Deposits of jade, jadeite, opal and chrysoprase have been established in the Western Sayan. Pink tourmaline (rubellite) and pink talc were found on the Yenisei Ridge. In the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there is amber and datolite (Norilsk industrial area). In the Minusinsk basin - rhodusite-asbestos. In the central regions of the region - amethyst ( Nizhne-Kanskoye, Krasnokamenskoye ), coil- ( Verkhnesobolevsky, Berezovsky ) and marble onyx ( Torgashinsky ).

Rock salt. Trinity and Canary the deposits are located in the Taseevsky district.

Construction Materials:

Building stone. As of January 1, 1996, the balance reserve included 26 deposits, of which 15 deposits were developed in 1995. The largest volume of production is observed in Kuraginsky – 305 thousand m3, Krutokachinsky – 273 thousand m3 and Arginsky - 185 thousand m3 of deposits. Kaolin. The main deposits and manifestations of this raw material are located in the Rybinsk depression of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Here is the previously developed Balai field and currently being developed Kampanovskoe field. Refractory clays. Kampanovskoe deposit in the Uyar region. Cement and flux raw materials. For the production of cement and flux raw materials, two limestone deposits are being developed in the region: Torgashinsky (Berezovsky district) and Mazulskoye (Achinsk region). For the Krasnoyarsk cement plant, clay is mined at Kuznetsovsky (Berezovsky district) field. In the Norilsk industrial region, limestone for cement and building lime is mined at Calargon deposit (mine "Izvestnyakov") and flux sandstones - along the way Kayerkansky field. Sand and gravel materials. 39 deposits. 22 deposits are being developed. The largest production volume on Terentyevsky, Peschanka, Berezovsky (eastern outskirts of Krasnoyarsk) and Filimonovsky (224 thousand m3). Gypsum and anhydrite mined in the Norilsk industrial region at Tikhoozersky (mine "Gypsum Tikhoozersky"), gypsum and Gorozubovsky (mine "Anhydrite") anhydrite deposit. In the southern part of the region there are two gypsum deposits - Dodonkovskoye and Troitskoye (84.5 million tons). Expanded clay raw materials. There are 12 fields on the balance sheet, of which two fields are being developed: Kozulskoye (Kozul region) and Teptyatskoye (Achinsk region). Bentonite. Kamalinsky field. Facing stone. Plot white marble marble deposits Kibik-Kordon in the Shushensky district and Hromadske and Ushkanskoe deposits of granites in the Uyar region.

Agronomic ores.

Agronomic ores include mineral raw materials, the properties of which are able to increase and restore soil fertility, in particular phosphorites and apatite. Apatity. Yraas, Essey (73 million tons) and Maganskoye apatite-magnetite deposits are located in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Phosphorites. In the southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are two deposits of phosphorites - Obladzhanskoye and Seybinskoye (6.5 million tons).

The groundwater:

As of September 1, 2007, 69 sites of fresh groundwater deposits (approved by the State Reserves Committee, TKZ and accepted by the NTS) were explored for domestic and drinking water supply of the population in the territory of the region, 31 of them are exploited. The total value of approved and accepted operating reserves in the territory of the region as of September 1, 2007 is 1885.009 thousand m 3 /day, including fresh groundwater (for domestic and drinking water supply) - 1884.033 thousand m 3 / day, mineral water - 0.976 thousand m 3 / day. Reserves of mineral waters in the amount of 0.976 thousand m 3 /day have been prepared for industrial development.
Mineral water. On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 3 deposits of mineral waters are exploited: Kozhanovskoye (Balakhtinsky district), Nanzhulskoye (10 km north-west of Krasnoyarsk) and Tagarskoye (Minusinsk region). Iodine-bromine waters are common in the Kansky and Taseevsky districts, rhodon - in the North Yenisei ( Kalama key ), Motyginsky, Mansky; sulfate-chloride, hydrogen sulfide, bromine - in the Turukhansk region.
Ecologically clean underground waters. They are currently showing commercial interest. Under environmentally friendly drinking water is understood such natural water, which has a healing effect on the human body, does not require artificial changes (improvements) in its properties and composition. As of January 1, 2001, licenses were issued for two subsoil plots for the extraction of environmentally friendly groundwater: Bolsheungut spring (village Novoalekseevka, Mansky district) and Argysuk source (village of Bol. Arbay, Sayan region).

Peat. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 732 peat deposits have been identified and studied to varying degrees. The total peat reserves are estimated at 3,567,923 thousand tons. The main peat reserves are concentrated in the Yenisei, N. Ingash, Nazarovsk and Irbei regions. Fluorite. In our region, dozens of deposits and ore occurrences of fluorite are known in Taimyr and the Altai-Sayan folded region. Mica. Muscovite deposits Kondakovskoe, Birulinskoe and Aleksandrovskoe were developed in the past. The phlogopite deposits Gulinskoye, Maganskoye and Odikhincha are also not exploited.

State mineral resource base and production volumes for the main types of raw materials as of 01.01.2008 are given below.

Fuel and energy raw materials

Oil Gas. Hydrocarbon reserves (HCR) of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are (cat. A + B + C1 / C2): oil - 673812/855201 thousand tons, free gas - 813438/969449 million m3, incl. distributed fund - oil - 663309/822552 thousand tons, free gas - 688033/853799 million m3. There are 21 deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials on the territory of the region. Combined licenses were issued for 11 deposits. In 2007, production amounted to: oil - 74.479 thousand tons, gas - 1176 million m3.

Coal. The reserves balance includes 25 coal deposits, 22 of which are located in the Kansk-Achinsk coal-bearing basin.

Here are 20% of the reserves of the cheapest brown coal in Russia. The total explored reserves of all deposits are 47,191.9 million tons in categories A + B + C1 and 20,995.8 million tons in category C2, and 8382 million tons of off-balance reserves, incl. distributed fund - for categories A + B + C1 - 5780.8 million tons and for category C2 - 23.6 million tons and off-balance sheet - 61.7 million tons. In 2007, coal production amounted to 37.8 million tons.

metal minerals

Iron ores. Iron ore deposits are located in 3 iron ore regions: East Sayan, Sredne-Angara and Angara-Pitsky. The total explored reserves of iron ore in these areas (23 deposits) are 1,772.5 million tons in categories A+B+C1, 850.5 million tons in category C2, and 1,638.1 million tons off-balance sheet, incl. distributed fund (6 deposits) - in categories A + B + C1 - 125.8 million tons and in category C2 - 11.5 million tons and off-balance sheet - 52.5 million tons. Ores are mined at the deposits of the Irbinskaya and Krasnokamenskaya groups. Here in 2007, 2397 thousand tons were mined.

Lead and zinc. In the Lower Angara region, a unique Gorevskoye polymetal deposit is being developed with reserves of lead in categories A + B + C1 - 5800.2 thousand tons and in category C2 - 2004 thousand tons and zinc in categories A + B + C1 - 1122.8 thousand tons and category C2 - 798.4 thousand tons. In 2007, lead production amounted to 43.2 thousand tons, zinc - 11.6 thousand tons.

Gold. On the territory of the region, 284 primary and alluvial gold deposits have been explored and are listed on the balance sheet. It is mined by 22 subsoil users. There are 134 deposits in the distributed fund.

In 2007, subsoil users produced 43,153 kg of gold. Alluvial gold is mined by dredges and hydromechanical methods.

Silver. During the development of the Gorevskoye polymetal deposit and the Olimpiada gold deposit in 2007, 57.4 tons of silver were mined along the way. Silver reserves as of 01.01.2008 amounted to 11809.1 tons in categories A + B + C1 and 4395.5 tons in category C2, off-balance - 310.4 tons.

Platinoids. The reserves of platinoids in 11 deposits amount to 8716829 kg in categories A + B + C1, 4143097 kg in category C2, 2354438 kg off-balance sheet, including in the distributed fund (7 deposits) in categories A + B + C1 - 8198951 kg, category C2 - 3021650 kg, off-balance sheet - 1072965 kg. Production in 2007 amounted to 151,895 kg.

Cadmium. During the development of the Gorevsky polymetal deposit in 2007, 36.3 tons of cadmium were produced as a by-product. Cadmium reserves as of 01.01.2008 amounted to 3533.4 tons for categories A + B + C1 and 1963.5 tons for category C2.

Copper-nickel ores. Copper reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 24429.3 thousand tons, C2 - 9937.4 thousand tons, off-balance sheet - 2231.3 thousand tons. In the distributed fund, copper reserves are in categories A + B + C1 - 24050.8 thousand tons, С2 - 9099.7 thousand tons, off-balance sheet - 742.8

Niobium ores. The development of the Tatar deposit of phosphate-niobium ores is underway with explored reserves in category C1 - 16495 tons of niobium pentoxide, in category C2 - 1009 tons of niobium pentoxide and off-balance - 9347 tons of niobium pentoxide, incl. in the distributed fund reserves in category C1 - 16495 tons of niobium pentoxide, in category C2 - 1009 tons of niobium pentoxide and off-balance - 1316 tons of niobium pentoxide. There was no production in 2007.

Antimony. The development of the Udereisky gold-antimony deposit is underway. Reserves of antimony in categories A + B + C1 - 34013 tons, C2 - 1902 tons, off-balance - 2374 tons. Production in 2007 amounted to 1222 tons.

Selenium, tellurium. The extraction of selenium and tellurium is carried out along the way when mining copper-nickel ores. Reserves of selenium in category C2 are 26549.1 tons, off-balance - 775.3 tons, tellurium - in category C2 - 12399.6 tons, off-balance - 306.5 tons, including in the distributed fund: selenium in category C2 is 25844, 9 tons, off-balance - 775.3 tons, tellurium - in category C2 - 12315.7 tons, off-balance - 306.5 tons. Production in 2007 was: selenium - 232.6 tons, tellurium - 93.2 tons.

Non-metallic minerals

From non-metallic minerals in the region, deposits of flux limestone, magnesite, table salt, talc, graphite, refractory and refractory clays, apatite, vermiculite and molding materials are being developed.

Flux limestones. There are 5 deposits of flux limestones on the balance of reserves. The total reserves for the developed fields are 121,768 thousand tons in categories A + B + C1, and in total in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in categories A + B + C1 - 595,644 thousand tons and in category C2 - 27,776 thousand tons. 2 fields are being developed - Mazulskoye and Torgashinsky, which produced 6691 thousand tons of flux limestone in 2007.

Magnesite. The balance of reserves includes 6 fields with total explored reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 203.9 million tons, in category C2 - 89.9 million tons and off-balance - 64.4 million tons, incl. distributed fund - for categories A + B + C1 - 6.5 million tons and for category C2 - 10.0 million tons. In 2007, production amounted to 37 thousand tons.

Salt. At the Troitskoye deposit, table salt is extracted from brines. Balance reserves of brines are estimated at 100 m3/day. In 2007, the extraction amounted to 1188 m3 of brine (257 tons of salt).

Talc. The balance sheet includes 1 talc deposit with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 2685 thousand tons and in category C2 - 4880 thousand tons, incl. in the distributed fund for categories A + B + C1 - 1810 thousand tons and for category C2 - 169 thousand tons. In 2007, production amounted to 5 thousand tons.

Graphite. The balance sheet includes the Kureyskoye field with explored reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 8977.7 thousand tons and in category C2 - 72254.4 thousand tons, incl. the distributed fund in categories А+В+С1 - 86.4 thousand tons. In 2007, the production amounted to 4.2 thousand tons of graphite.

Refractory clays. The balance of reserves includes 4 deposits with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 31926 thousand tons and in category C2 - 1204 thousand tons, incl. distributed fund - by categories А+В+С1 - 2734 thousand tons. 2 fields are being exploited. Production in 2007 amounted to 65 thousand tons.

Refractory clays. The balance of reserves includes 2 deposits with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 27178 thousand tons and in category C2 - 919 thousand tons, incl. distributed fund - in categories A + B + C1 - 1068 thousand tons. One field is operated (Kantatskoye). Production in 2007 amounted to 111 thousand tons.

Apatite. The balance of reserves takes into account the Tatar complex deposit of phosphate-niobium ores with apatite reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 225 thousand tons, in category C2 - 17 thousand tons and off-balance sheet - 426 thousand tons, including in the distributed fund by categories А+В+С1 - 225 thousand tons, category С2 - 17 thousand tons and off-balance sheet - 97 thousand tons. In 2007 no apatite ores were mined.

Vermiculite. Vermiculite reserves in 2 deposits amount to 1295 thousand tons in categories A + B + C1, 285 thousand tons in category C2, 1398 thousand tons off-balance sheet, including in the distributed fund: in categories A + B + C1 - 1295 thousand tons, category C2 - 285 thousand tons, off-balance sheet - 401 thousand tons. In 2007, production amounted to 6 thousand tons.

Kaolin. The balance takes into account two deposits with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 17174 thousand tons, incl. in the distributed fund 1 field - 12163 thousand tons. In 2007, there was no production.

Forming materials. The balance of reserves takes into account 2 deposits of foundry sands with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 55682 thousand tons and in category C2 - 536 thousand tons and 1 deposit molding clays with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 15265 thousand tons and in category C2 - 18864 thousand tons. There was no production in 2007.

Colored stones. The balance of reserves takes into account one jadeite deposit (Borusskoe) with reserves of raw jadeite in category C1 - 14209 tons, category C2 - 10731 tons 5.40004 (the deposit is in the distributed fund) and two deposits of jade with reserves of raw jade in category C2 - 336.8 tons (deposits in the unallocated fund). In 2007, the extraction of raw jadeite amounted to 50 tons.

Healing mud. The balance takes into account 6 deposits of therapeutic mud with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 11730.6 thousand tons and off-balance - 338 thousand tons. In the distributed fund - 4 deposits with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 8754.6 thousand t In 2007, 0.0505 thousand tons of therapeutic mud were mined.

Quartz and quartzites. The balance of reserves takes into account 3 deposits with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 81163 thousand tons, C2 - 1580 thousand tons (they are also taken into account in the distributed fund). Production in 2007 amounted to 799 thousand tons.

Construction Materials

On the territory of the region there are hundreds of deposits of building materials, which are developed: building stone, sand and gravel materials, expanded clay raw materials, raw materials for rough ceramics, cement raw materials, facing stone, carbonate rocks for burning lime, gypsum and anhydrite, building sand.

Building stone. The balance of reserves as of 01.01.2008 included 45 deposits, the total explored reserves of which in categories A + B + C1 amount to 778556 thousand m3 of stone, in category C2 - 78872 thousand m3 and off-balance - 22334 thousand m3, including . distributed fund (31 deposits) - in categories A + B + C1 - 575264 thousand m3, in category C2 - 54980 thousand m3 and off-balance - 22334 thousand m3, 33 small (near-road) deposits for the construction of roads are also taken into account. The total production in 2007 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory was 6,180,000 m3 for the main deposits, and 302,000 m3 for the off-piste deposits.

Sand and gravel materials (SGM).

The balance of reserves includes 52 deposits with recorded reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 404116 thousand m3, category C2 - 225391 thousand m3, off-balance - 11353 thousand m3, incl. distributed fund (27 fields) - for categories A + B + C1 - 206,029 thousand m3 and for category C2 - 45,335 thousand m3. The general balance also includes 21 off-piste deposits. In 2007, 4,632,000 m3 of fossil fuels were produced from the fields under development, and 250,000 m3 from off-piste fields.

Raw material for rough ceramics. The balance of reserves includes 68 fields with total reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 338,947 thousand m3, category C2 - 43,705 thousand m3, off-balance - 614 thousand m3. The distributed fund is 70,746 thousand m3 for categories A + B + C1, and 28,144 thousand m3 for category C2. In 2007, the extraction of clay raw materials from 14 deposits of the distributed fund amounted to 304 thousand m3.

Expanded clay raw materials. Of the 12 deposits of expanded clay raw materials with total explored reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 40798 thousand m3, off-balance - 6117 thousand m3, one deposit of loams and clays is being developed - Teptyatskoye, with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 2233 thousand m3. Production from the Teptyatskoye field in 2007 amounted to 31,000 m3.

Cement raw materials. For the production of cement in the region, there are 4 limestone deposits on the balance sheet with reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 200435 thousand tons, in category C2 - 28725 thousand tons, off-balance - 8269 thousand tons, incl. distributed fund - categories A + B + C1 - 100961 thousand tons, category C2 - 28725 thousand tons

tons, off-balance - 8269 thousand tons. Limestones of the Mazulsky deposit are taken into account in the balance of flux limestones.

In addition, clays from the Mazulskoye and Kuznetsovskoye deposits are on the balance sheet for cement production, with reserves in categories А+В+С1 - 15,908 thousand tons. In 2007, extraction was carried out at three limestone deposits and the Kuznetsovskoye clay deposit. In 2007, 327 thousand tons of clay and 1720 thousand tons of limestone for cement were mined.

Facing stone. There are 2 deposits on the balance sheet: Kibik-Kordonskoye (Beloramorny site) of marbles and Ushkanskoye of granites with total reserves in categories A + B + C1 - 11358 thousand m3, including granites - 3621 thousand m3 and marbles - 7737 thousand m3, reserves in category C2 - 3444 thousand m3. There was no mining in 2007.

Carbonate rocks for burning lime.

The balance sheet includes 13 deposits, 4 of which are being developed. The total reserves in categories A + B + C1 are 186912 thousand tons and in category C2 - 25325 thousand tons. The distributed fund is 2843 thousand tons of carbonate rocks in categories A + B + C1. Production of carbonate rocks in 2007 amounted to 185 thousand tons.

Gypsum and anhydrite. The consolidated balance sheet takes into account 5 deposits. The total reserves in categories A + B + C1 are 91852 thousand tons and in category C2 - 126114 thousand tons, off-balance sheet - 47276 thousand tons. The distributed fund is: categories A + B + C1 - 74295 thousand tons, category C2 - 58716 thousand tons, off-balance - 40567 thousand tons. Production in 2007 from 2 fields amounted to 1323 thousand tons.

Construction sand. The balance sheet includes 15 deposits, 7 of which are being developed. The total reserves in categories A+B+C1 are 47,756 thousand m3 and in category C2 - 33,396 thousand m3. The distributed fund is: category A + B + C1 - 21453 thousand m3, category C2 - 7909 thousand m3. Construction sand production in 2007 amounted to 828 thousand m3. In addition, 9 off-piste fields are being developed, the production of which amounted to 4318 thousand m3.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of reserves mineral resources and minerals. In its bowels there are oil, gas, iron ores, coal, non-ferrous and rare metals, non-metallic minerals. In total, there are more than 1200 mineral deposits in the region, including 106 deposits of brown and hard coal, 193 deposits of peat, 66 - ferrous and non-ferrous metals, 15 - rare and trace elements, 301 - precious metals, 94 deposits of non-metallic minerals (abrasives , clays, flux limestones, magnesite, nepheline ores, natural facing stones, piezo-optical raw materials, molding raw materials, colored stones), more than 360 deposits of common minerals (building stone, sand and gravel mixtures, expanded clay mixtures, sand), 119 deposits of fresh underground waters, 12 underground water mineral deposits, 33 hydrocarbon deposits.

The main reserves of platinum and platinoids, copper-nickel ores are concentrated in the region, the main deposits of which are located in the north of the region, including the Taimyr Peninsula. The Norilsk mining region (the Norilsk-1, Oktyabrskoye and Talnakhskoye deposits) is world famous, where copper, nickel, cobalt, and platinum are mined.

There are 33 deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials on the territory of the region. The largest oil and gas fields of the region are located in the Turukhansky and Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenetsky) regions - these are the fields of the Vankor group (Vankorsky, Suzunsky, Tagulsky, etc.) Imbinsky, Beryambinskoye, etc.).

The region holds the leading position in Russia in terms of total geological coal reserves - about 70%, which are concentrated in the Kansko-Achinsk, Tunguska, Taimyr and Minusinsk coal basins. The reserves of the Kansk-Achinsk lignite basin, unique in terms of economic and geographical position and reserves, located along the Trans-Siberian railway, are being most actively developed.

In terms of the overall potential of gold potential and gold mining, the region is traditionally one of the leaders in Russian Federation- about 300 primary and alluvial deposits have been explored on the territory of the region. The main developed gold reserves are concentrated on the territory of the Severo-Yenisei, Motyginsky districts (Olimpiada, Blagodatnoye, Eldorado, Vasilievskoye, etc.).

The Angara-Yenisei province (the Yenisei Ridge and the adjoining Siberian platform) and the Lower Angara zone are rich in bauxite and nepheline ores for aluminum production, as well as in iron ores, which are in the state reserve.

The territory of the Lower Angara region occupies a leading position in Russia in terms of magnesite reserves, concentrated in large deposits. The Gorevsky polymetal deposit is being developed on the territory of the region - unique not only in terms of reserves, but also in terms of the content of lead and zinc (up to 6% and more lead in the ore). Silver, cadmium, and other metals are mined along the way from lead-zinc ores.

From non-metallic minerals in the region, deposits of flux limestones, table salt, talc, graphite, refractory and refractory clays, apatite, vermiculite and molding materials, as well as building materials are being developed.

In the north of the region, within the Popigay ring structure, unique deposits of industrial impact diamonds (Udarnoye, Skalnoye) were discovered. In terms of total diamond reserves, this group of deposits exceeds all known diamond-bearing provinces in the world.

In addition, deposits of jadeite (Borusskoye) and jade (Kantegirskoye and Kurtushibinskoye), chrysolite, quartz and quartzites have been explored in the region. Pink tourmaline (rubellite) and pink talc were found on the Yenisei Ridge. In the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there is amber and datolite (Norilsk industrial region). In the Minusinsk basin - rhodusite-asbestos. In the central regions of the region - amethyst (Nizhne-Kanskoye, Krasnokamenskoye), serpentine (Verkhnesobolevsky, Berezovsky) and marble onyx (Torgashinsky).

Three mineral water deposits are also exploited on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Kozhanovskoye (Balakhtinsky district), Nanzhulskoye (near Krasnoyarsk) and Tagarskoye (Minusinsky district).

summary of other presentations

"How minerals are mined" - Granites play a huge role in the structure of the crust of the Earth's continents. In metallurgy, limestone is used as a flux. AT Western Siberia the depth of the well is 1.5 - 2.5 km, in the Volga region it can. Closed. Corridors, which are called drifts, depart from the trunk in different directions. Peat. How is it mined iron ore. Types of sand. How coal is mined. Now there are 60 oil and gas enterprises operating in Yamal. How natural gas is produced.

"Oil" - Hydrocarbons are collected in sections by boiling points. Physical Properties. In America, for the first time experiments on the distillation of oil were carried out in 1833 by Silliman. Oil distillation. With the advent of lamps, the demand for kerosene increased. A mixture of hydrocarbon vapors from the furnace enters the lower part of the column. Oil has been known for a very long time. Complex, painstaking work is continuously going on in the column. At the end of the 18th century, the lamp was invented.

"Natural gas in the world" - Interesting facts. The smell of gas. Mankind has known about the existence of natural gas for a long time. How natural gas is produced. The depth at which the gas is located varies from 1000 m to several kilometers. What birds helped the miners? It is thanks to odorization that a gas leak can be easily detected. The depth of the well can reach 12 kilometers. Natural gas rises through the well at the expense of natural energy.

"Composition and processing of oil" - Catalytic cracking. Average elemental composition of oil. Composition, oil refining and environmental problems. Thermal cracking. The top ten countries in the world in terms of oil production in 1996. Distribution of the world's proven oil resources by major regions. Oil distillation. Top ten countries by proven oil resources. What gives us oil. Oil composition. Lesson goals. The composition of the exhaust gases. Refinery.

"Mining" - - Oil. Dump - an artificial mound of waste rocks. 1-Taimyr basin. - Graphite. Mine - an enterprise for the extraction of minerals by an open pit or underground method. - Salt. 4-angar-pit basin. -Brown coal. 3-Kan-Achinsk basin. - Nickel ores. - Coal. - Copper ores. Minerals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. - Gold. 2-Tunguska basin. - Natural gas. - Aluminum ores.

"Use of minerals" - Oil production. Limestone. Glass. Name. Sand. Minerals. Granite. Construction. Clay. Finishing metro stations. Mining. Coal. Small suspension. Usage. Basic properties. Iron ore.

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Introduction

1. The state of the raw material base of gold in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

2. The state of the gold mining industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The topic of this test is "Development of the gold mining industry."

It should be noted that the factory industry of Krasnoyarsk in the 19th century was based on capital received mainly from income from the gold mining and trade and usury activities; it is no coincidence that the owners of the first factories and factories - the Gadalovs, Kuznetsovs, Danilovs, Plotnikovs - were both gold miners and merchants.

In Krasnoyarsk itself there were offices of large companies of gold miners - I.F. Bazilevsky. G.V. Yudina, S.V. Vostrotin, the Kuznetsov partnership (the Kuznetsov courtyard has been preserved - Mira Ave., 87, 24; the house of G.V. Yudin - Uritsky St., 123).

A significant part of the urban burghers went to work in the mines.

So, in 1875 the number of otkhodniks was 811 people, and wage laborers was equal to 70-100 rubles for the season, which lasted from April to October. gold mine profitability

The gold industry, through market relations, stimulated the development of urban industry and trade, and therefore its decline in the 1870s-80s had a negative effect on the state of the urban economy, causing a reduction in crafts and trade.

Further, the gold mining industry of the USSR developed according to its own specific laws. The current situation and prospects for the development of each enterprise in the industry depended mainly on its success in fulfilling the planned targets in terms of production volumes, and therefore the existence of obviously unprofitable mines was allowed. Placer deposits of Siberia were actively developed, Far East and the Northeast, which accounted for up to 70% of the gold produced in the country, despite the fact that their reserves were limited. In economic terms, they did not work more efficiently large companies, like all over the world, but small artisanal artels. The high productivity of these enterprises was based not only on the personal interest and hard work of workers, but also on the use of relatively cheap fuel and inexpensive equipment. At the same time, the State Geological Service carried out planned and systematic exploration of the country's territory, creating or expanding the mineral resource base of mining enterprises at the expense of the budget.

So, the purpose of this work is to consider the development of the gold mining industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, its state, problems and prospects.

Tasks of control work:

· Consider the state of the raw material base of gold in the Krasnoyarsk Territory;

· Determination of the state of the gold mining industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory;

· Identification and consideration of some problems of development of the gold industry in the region.

1. The state of the gold resource base in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

If in general in Russia the balance reserves of gold of categories A + B + C1 are 5.8 thousand tons, and C2 - 2.4 thousand tons, then the Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies one of the first places in the country in terms of balance reserves - 789 tons (more than 13%), predicted gold resources (more than 20%). The mineral resource base of the gold-mining industry of the region is 68 gold-ore proper, 3 complex gold-bearing and 234 alluvial deposits. The total resource potential of these gold objects, according to various estimates, ranges from 19 to 28% of the Russian one.

The priority place (93% in terms of reserves and 95.4% in terms of predicted resources) is occupied by ore gold deposits. The share of alluvial deposits in the resource potential of gold in the region, as follows from the above figures, is relatively small.

The resource base of ore gold in the territory of the region, when converted into reserves of industrial categories, will allow long years maintain and increase the high level of gold mining. Security active reserves placer gold is about 5 years.

In the region, the main areas of distribution of gold deposits are the Yenisei Ridge, the Angara-Kansky region, the Eastern and Western Sayans. In the future, the Yenisei Ridge will apparently remain the leading gold-mining region, since the main resource potential and almost all existing gold-mining capacities are concentrated here.

The main volumes of geological exploration for gold are now concentrated here, carried out both with budgetary funds and with funds from subsoil users. The total gold resources of the Yenisei Ridge are 1570 tons. The Angara-Kansk gold-bearing region, having a smaller resource base than the Yenisei Ridge, has a more favorable geographical location, which puts it in a number of promising areas. Three ore clusters stand out in it: Posolnensky, Kuzeevsky and Bogunaisky.

The study of the area made it possible to estimate its resources mainly in low categories, in the amount of 336 tons. The Eastern Sayan Mountains are the largest gold-bearing province of the region after the Yenisei Ridge.

The data obtained in recent years allow us to expect a significant increase in the ore base here, primarily in the Mansky gold-bearing region, in which mineralized gold-bearing zones have been identified.

The Sisim gold-bearing region has a similar geological structure, where exploration can lead to a significant increase in the resource base. For the Verkhne-Kansky gold-bearing region, a quantitative assessment of the potential of ore gold-bearing was not carried out.

Here, a concomitant gold content in copper-nickel ores was established, as well as a new for the region platinum-bearing gold-sulfide type of mineralization in the komatiite-basalt strata of the Cannes greenstone belt. The presence of rich placers of gold in the area makes it possible to count on the discovery of primary sources. The total gold resources of the Eastern Sayan are 250 tons.

The Western Sayans, due to their remoteness and inaccessibility, are a little-studied gold-bearing province. Here it is necessary to conduct research, starting from the earliest stages.

In Taimyr, several formational types of gold manifestations have been identified, of which areas of polychronous ore genesis are of interest. In the central part of Taimyr, a number of gold-mercury occurrences are known, the most significant of which are Narrow and Winding.

On Bolshevik Island, the main occurrences of ore gold are concentrated in the southeastern part and confined to a northeastern strike zone about 30 km long and more than 4 km wide.

On Bolshevik Island, floodplain placers 10–30 km long with industrial parameters are found in almost all large valleys.

For three such deposits, reserves have been calculated and approved. The raw material base of placer gold is 45-50 tons. The total potential of the province can be estimated at the first thousand tons of gold.

The little-studied Anabar gold-bearing province can be considered as a reserve base for the gold mining industry, focused on eluvial, to a lesser extent alluvial placers and primary gold-quartz mineralization.

In the Severo-Yenisei region of the region there is a unique (second in terms of gold reserves in Russia) Olimpiada deposit, in which proven gold reserves are estimated at 3.1 million ounces.

The total proven ore reserves in the ore reserves category are 20.6 million tons, probable - 71.3 million. The gold content in the ore is 4.6 grams per ton.

A promising feature of the Olimpiada deposit is the presence of areal and linear weathering crusts. The deposit of gold-bearing weathering crusts with a gold grade of 8-10 g/t against the background of 3-4 g/t of primary ores has a complex morphology with a significant depth of occurrence along a large fault, such enriched areas are a prime target for mining. The Kvartsevaya Gora deposit, located 40 km from Olimpiada, is also promising.

Recently ZDK "Polyus" became the winner of the auction for this object. The size of a one-time payment for the right to use subsoil amounted to 1.68 million rubles. The plot area is 2.8 sq. km.

The ore gold of the Quartz Mountain belongs to the gold-quartz low-sulfide formation. There are three stockwork-vein zones of northeast strike at the deposit.

Their length is 850-1100 m along the strike and 240-515 m along the dip, the width of the exit to the surface varies from tens of meters to 220 m. The thickness of individual vein bodies is about 2.5 m, and the thickness of the vein-stockwork zones is up to 37 m. gold in separate samples - 100 g/t and more. The content of sulfides is 0.5-5.0%.

They are mainly represented by arsenopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. At the deposit, balance reserves of category C2 are estimated at 8.3 tons and conditionally off-balance reserves - 4.2 tons with a gold grade of 4.6 and 2.6 g/t, respectively. Inferred resources are estimated in categories Р1+Р2 in the amount of 42-47 tons with an average gold grade of 2.2-3.6 g/t. With an open ore mining volume of 300 thousand tons per year and the production of 966 kg of gold, the necessary capital investments are estimated by experts at 20.2 million dollars, the profitability index of invested capital is 1.0, the net present value is 338 thousand dollars / year . 000 Sovrudnik is provided with low-quality reserves for 5-7 years.

Due to the low quality of the ores and the remoteness of the main mining facilities from the gold processing plants, this enterprise is operating at the margin of profitability.

In general, for a number of gold miners (for example, Artyomovskaya Gold Mining Company, etc.), a very difficult situation has developed with regard to the availability of active reserves.

Alluvial gold reserves in the region are divided into two groups according to mining methods: for hydromechanical mining (more than 55%) and for dredging mining (about 45%). For alluvial gold, there is a steady tendency for its resource base to work out.

It should be emphasized that significant investments are annually invested in the development of the mineral resource base of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The amount of federal budget funds invested in exploration work in the territory of the region has increased in recent years.

Already in 2000, as a result of geological exploration, the increase in gold reserves in the Krasnoyarsk Territory exceeded production volumes, and this trend continues. There is an increase in the volume of financing of exploration work at the expense of subsoil users. Effective use These funds are provided through licensing and exploration programs developed for the region.

An example of successful activity is the work of CJSC Polyus. So, during 2000-2004. Exploration team of CJSC "Polyus" carried out prospecting and appraisal work at the Olimpiada area. As a result of these works, the previously identified Blagodatnoye ore occurrence (northern area) was re-evaluated and a new one was discovered - the southern area, which includes 4/5 of the reserves of the entire deposit.

In the autumn of 2005, the Polyus gold mining company successfully passed the state examination of the gold reserves of the Blagodatnoye deposit, located 26 km north of Olimpiada.

According to the results of the examination, 222.4 tons of gold reserves of categories B + C1 + C2 in the open pit contour with an average grade of 2.4 grams per ton were put on the state balance sheet for the Blagodatnoye deposit. In addition, off-balance reserves of C2 category in the amount of 42 tons are taken into account in the open pit contour, 89.9 tons outside the open pit contour.

The predicted resources of the P1 category deposit amounted to 117 tons. This event can be considered a milestone for the entire Russian gold mining industry: for the first time in the latest Russian history the subsoil user carried out large-scale work on exploration and putting on the balance sheet of the reserves of a large gold ore object.

This not only replenished the production of gold by CJSC Polyus for 25 years of work in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (about 170 tons), but also ensured a significant reproduction of its reserves in the Territory.

Polyus is also successfully carrying out exploration work at the Panimba gold ore cluster. Plot of 66 sq. km is located in the Severo-Yenisei region.

The license for it was issued to Polyus in December 2004. Five occurrences of ore gold were identified within the boundaries of the site: Panimbinskoye, Pravoberezhnoye, Mikhailovskoye, Zolotoe and Tavrik. Their reserves and resources are planned to be further explored in the coming years.

It is assumed that the Panimba knot will produce up to 300 kg of gold per year. In 2005, Polyus increased the number of exploration areas. For example, 48 million rubles were invested in the exploration of the Titimukhta gold deposit in just nine months of 2005. In addition, exploration work is being carried out at the Tyradinskoye and Olenye gold deposits in order to prepare for commercial development.

On the whole, in 2005, for example, Polyus spent more than $30 million on exploration work. Polyus' development strategy over the next 5 years provides for serious investments in exploration, where it is planned to invest about $140 million.

In the opinion of the company's management, this figure reflects the minimum required level and can be significantly increased up to $200 million. Trans Siberian Gold increased its gold reserves at the Veduga deposit by 19%. The Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia invites companies to continue the geological exploration of the Tumninskaya area in the Kuraginsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Acceptance of applications for this promising gold-bearing area has begun. The metal here is mainly ore, but there is also alluvial gold. Shared Resources area - 32 tons (including 30 tons of ore gold).

It should be noted that advanced exploration of deposits is a common necessity for the advanced replenishment of the resource base of the region. Today there is a certain turn to the previously dominant position of the state: "Whoever needs it, let him scout."

And it is right. It is shown above that large gold miners, such as CJSC Polyus, are able to successfully carry out geological exploration at their own expense.

But there are also small artels, especially "placers", who cannot afford this.

Therefore, in order to increase the investment potential of the region and increase gold mining, exploration should be carried out at the expense of the budget. After all, every ruble invested in geology yields more than 150 rubles of reserves in the bowels. The condition for the development of geological exploration is the removal of administrative barriers.

Today, after a company wins an auction for a field, it sometimes takes a year to obtain a license and other bureaucratic procedures, only then can drilling rigs enter the area. Therefore, more efficient regulation of nature management is needed.

2. The state of the gold mining industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Gold mining in the region is one of the oldest and specialized industries that has been operating for more than 150 years. In recent years, the "gold boom" has been growing in the world - production and prices for gold have been steadily growing. This trend also affects the state of the gold mining industry of the region. Since 2003, the region has taken the first place in gold mining, becoming the "golden heart" of Russia. Half of Siberian gold is mined here. The growth rate of Russian gold mining is higher than the world average, and in the region over the past 5 years, on average per year, they amounted to about 7%. The region remains the leader in gold mining, now it produces about 18% of the total Russian production.

The gold mining complex of the region has more than three dozen enterprises concentrated in 12 administrative regions. The industry has mastered about one and a half hundred deposits. If in 1991-95, 6-7 tons of gold were mined annually, then since 1996, production began to increase. In 1999, it reached 18 tons of gold per year, and even greater growth has been observed in recent years (Fig. 1). In the future, production is projected to remain at the level of 30-32 tons per year. Such rates of increase in production volumes are not observed in any of the industries of the region and Russia as a whole.

The largest enterprises are CJSC Polyus, LLC Priisk Drazhny, LLC Sovrudnik, JSC Severnaya, JSC SAGMK, JSC Angara and JSC Tsentralnaya. They provide the vast majority of production. The main gold mining region of the region is the Lower Angara region, where more than 90% of the metal is mined. The main production centers are Eruda, Razdolinsk, Partizansk, Severo-Yeniseisk, Yuzhno-Yeniseisk. Gold mining and processing give up to 10% of all taxes in the region. The largest gold producer is CJSC Polyus.

At the same time, about 90% of production comes from ore deposits, mainly at Olimpiada. It is capable of large-scale gold mining for 30 years. A further increase in gold production as a whole is planned mainly on the basis of primary deposits. In addition to Polyus, in recent years a significant contribution to the increase in gold production has been made by such enterprises as OOO Sovrudnik, OOO Priisk Drazhny and OAO Krasnoyarskaya GGK. CJSC ZDK Polyus, after commissioning in 2002 the second stage of the processing plant with a capacity of 4 million tons of ore per year, basically maintains its production at the level of 25 tons of gold per year. factories at the Olimpiada deposit up to 9.5 million tons per year. In 2005, the level of production at the Olimpiada deposit amounted to more than 1 million tons of oxide ore and about 5 million tons of sulfide ore. Thus, Polyus is the leading Russian gold producer, one of the world's largest producers in terms of raw material base and production. In general, the asset portfolio of the Polyus group includes more than a dozen ore and about a hundred alluvial deposits.

The growth of gold mining in the region in the coming years may also be associated with the development of such enterprises as CJSC ZDK Zolotaya Zvezda and OJSC Vasilyevsky Rudnik. heap leaching at the Babushkina Gora deposit. At the same time, this enterprise prepared the Bogolyubovskoye gold deposit for industrial development, the resources of which are estimated at 70 tons of gold. JSC "Vasilyevsky Rudnik" is completing the construction of a mining and metallurgical complex with a capacity of 300 thousand tons of ore per year on the basis of the Vasilyevsky and Nikolaevsky gold deposits. The B+C1+C2 category gold reserves at the Vasilyevsky deposit are estimated at approximately 23 tons, the P1 category is about 25 tons, and the average gold grade is 7.0-7.5 g/t. Ore bodies have a length of up to 0.7 km and a thickness of 1.0 to 15.0 m. At the Nikolaevsky deposit, the main gold reserves are concentrated in one quartz vein with a length of about 1.5 km and an average thickness of about 4 m.

In addition, Vasilyevsky Rudnik JSC has now increased its gold mining assets by acquiring LLC GPC Samson in 2004, as well as obtaining licenses for geological study, exploration and production of the Ilyinsky and Nizhne-Talovskoye gold ore occurrences and the Gerfed deposit. The security of the enterprise with active reserves is about 5 years. In 2005, in the Severo-Yenisei region, at the Eldorado quarry (LLC Sovrudnik), 81 kg of gold was mined. In 2004, during a trial run, only 3.6 kg of the precious metal was mined. Increase in the production of precious metal from poor ores for last year was achieved with the help of the implemented heap leaching technology. In 2006, it is planned to extract over 200 kg of gold using this technology.

Previously, gold mining in the Severo-Yenisei region was carried out at alluvial deposits by a dredging fleet and at ore deposits by a gold recovery plant. In 2006, it is planned to resume gold mining on the Chirimba River in the Severo-Yenisei region. Now one of the gold mining enterprises of the territory, AS Priisk Drazhny LLC, is moving dredge to Chirimba and issuing a license to work on the river. Gold mining in this area has been carried out since Soviet times, but stopped in the 90s. It is expected that in A license will be obtained, and dredge No. 18 will be transferred to a new landfill in 2006. On the Chirimba River, gold mining can only be carried out by dredging.

Speaking about the development of the gold mining industry, one cannot but mention the restructuring processes taking place in it. As is known, in the fall of 2002, Norilsk Nickel bought 100% of the shares of CJSC Polyus from Khazret Sovmen for $230 million. - became "Norilsk Nickel". The purpose of the penetration of MMC "Norilsk Nickel" in the gold mining industry was the desire to balance the group's revenue. However, recently there was a spin-off of the "gold" assets of Norilsk Nickel into a separate company. This led to a more adequate assessment of the shares of both Polyus and and Norilsk Nickel.Due to the fact that gold mining is a more highly profitable business than nickel mining, the financial performance of the new company will obviously differ from that of the parent company in better side. On the Russian market Polyus Gold shares will appear this year. With regard to the activities of Polyus, one should mention not only the annual billions in tax revenues to the regional and local budgets, but also the charitable sustainable development program of 24 million rubles, which provides for responsible environmental management, with the publication of reports in the GE format and a set of measures to mitigate social tensions in the region.

Regarding the investment potential of the region, it should be noted that now there are about 80 deposits and manifestations of gold that can be put up for auction. However, not all of them are attractive to investors. In 2004-2005 in the region, licenses were issued for the Udereiskoye gold-antimony deposit (Novoangarsky enrichment plant LLC), the Pervenets deposit (Tamsiz OJSC) and the Bogunaevskoye deposit (Angarsk Production Company LLC).

A number of these sites require additional exploration to confirm the reserves. CJSC ZDK Polyus received a license for geological exploration and subsequent mining at one of the sites of the Zyryanovsky ore cluster in the Yenisei region, the Razdolinsky ore cluster in the Motyginsky region and the Noibinskaya area in the Severo-Yenisei region. Trans-Siberian Gold, which was considering building a Veduga facility with reserves of 2.8 million ounces of gold, recently reported that the development project would only be profitable at a cost of less than $220 million. and subject to a significant reduction in production costs.

The government included in the federal property privatization program for 2006 the state-owned block of shares in OAO Yeniseizoloto. It is planned to sell 85.38% of the company's shares, which are in federal ownership. It should be noted that back in 2004, the regional branch of the RFBR already put this package up for auction, but it never took place due to the lack of applications.

The starting price of the package was then more than 56 million rubles. The processes described above, which are a reflection economic policy, will ultimately influence whether the "golden heart" of Russia will remain in the Krasnoyarsk Territory? In our opinion, there are all prerequisites for this. Already by 2010, the region plans to increase gold mining by 40% compared to 2003, which is supposed to be achieved primarily through the development of the Olimpiada deposit and adjacent areas. With an increase in gold production, its processing at the Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant named after VN Gulidov will also increase. The planned increase in refining in 2010 to the level of 2003 should be 23%. Thus, the gold mining industry of the region is confidently looking into the future.

3. On some problems of the development of the gold industry in the region

Despite the undoubted successes, the gold mining industry of the region has problems, the solution of which requires an integrated approach. Many placer deposits in the region are on the verge of profitability. Indigenous objects, although they have a margin of safety, but need "long" loans.

If "placer deposits" can be credited for the season, then to work at a primary deposit, loans are needed for several years in order to have time to "get on their feet" and start repaying loans during this time. It is possible to work at primary deposits with good profit if modern progressive technologies of extraction and processing are introduced. However, if energy prices rise uncontrollably, problems will arise.

For placers, this is simply death, because the gold content in placers is low. They survive miraculously, in some old deposits, gold has been washed many times already. A condition for the development of the gold mining industry is the reduction of the tax burden. The mineral extraction tax in Russia is higher than the world average. Therefore, changes are needed in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation in terms of introducing a differentiated tax rate on the extraction of minerals, depending on the mining and geological and economic conditions for the development of deposits.

It is also necessary to exempt those companies that operate in the regions of the Far North from paying tax on a part of the profits allocated for technical re-equipment. It is also advisable to widely attract domestic and foreign investments, banks, mining companies interested in making a profit from gold mining. Restrictions on access should also be lifted individuals as individual entrepreneurs for exploration and gold mining.

The main condition for the development of the gold mining industry is advanced exploration work aimed at improving the resource base of the region. For their successful implementation, a whole range of measures is needed, the priority of which are:

intensification of exploration with the technical re-equipment of geological enterprises, including their laboratory facilities;

wide use in practice of scientific results, achievements and recommendations of scientists, especially the Siberian school of geologists;

Identification and preparation for exploitation of new unconventional gold deposits;

Geological and economic reassessment of the reserves of a number of deposits with the allocation of their "active" part, which makes it possible to profitably develop these objects in modern economic conditions;

Assessment of the formed gold-bearing man-made objects and improvement of the technology for extracting metal from them, incl. located in the permafrost zone;

Complete solution environmental issues associated with gold mining, especially in the ecologically vulnerable northern regions of the region.

Conclusion

For the region, the priority types of primary gold deposits, on which prospecting and appraisal work should be primarily focused, are gold-sulfide, gold-platinum-copper-nickel, gold-quartz, gold-bearing weathering crusts and gold-antimony.

For placer objects, these will be: buried placers, placers associated with weathering crusts, karst-hollow placers, placers in deposits of sand and gravel mixtures and technogenic placers. At the same time, the choice of priority areas for prospecting and appraisal work for gold should be based not only on geological criteria. It is necessary to take into account socio-economic and geo-environmental aspects, as well as the need to create infrastructure for the construction of new mining enterprises.

The latter was especially emphasized during the conference on the development of the gold mining industry, which took place in Magadan at the end of 2005, with the participation of the President of the Russian Federation, V.V. Putin. And I want to believe that the problems that hinder the further development of the industry will be successfully resolved.

Bibliography

1. Bykonya G.F., Fdorova V.I., Berdnikov L.P. Krasnoyarsk in the pre-revolutionary past (XVII-XIX). - Krasnoyarsk, 1990.

2. Krasnoyarsk. Essays on the history of the city. - Krasnoyarsk, 1988.

3. Resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory / Ed. V.M. Zimin. -Krasnoyarsk: SibGTU, 2000.

4. Stepanov A.P. Yenisei province. - Krasnoyarsk, 1998.S.95.

5. Lazarev V.V. Regional industrial policy in times of crisis// Materials scientific and practical conference "Russian state and public service on the present stage". -M., 2005.

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Natural resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Minerals

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