Syntactic analysis of the sentence is the most important condition of taste. Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence

SENTENCE

Sentence - this is a word or a group of words that are related in meaning, from one word to another, you can put a question. The sentence expresses a complete thought.

The first word in a sentence is capitalized, and the sentence ends with a period, exclamation mark, or question mark.

Every sentence is said with a purpose.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are : narrative, interrogative. incentive.

Declarative sentence - this is a sentence in which something is reported (narrated).

Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks for something.

incentive offer - this is a sentence that encourages action, advises or asks to do something.

By intonation offers are exclamatory and non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced with strong feeling. An exclamation mark (!) is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

Non-exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced calmly, without a strong feeling. A non-exclamatory sentence ends with a period (.) or a question mark (?).

The offer has main and secondary members.

The main members of the proposal is the subject and the predicate.

Subject - this is main member sentence, which names who or what the sentence is talking about. The subject answers the question who? or what? The subject is underlined with a single line.

Predicate - this is the main member of the sentence, which indicates what is said about the subject, names what the subject does. The predicate answers one of the questions: what does it do? what do they do? what will do? What did you do? what will he do? The predicate is underlined by two lines.

Members of the proposal

Main
Examples	Information
	Subject - the main member of the sentence, which names the one who acts, experiences some state, has a certain sign. Answers the questions: Who? What?
	Predicate - the main member of the sentence, which names the action, state or sign of the subject. Answers the questions: What is he doing? What? What? Who it?
The subject and predicate are the basis of the sentence.

Minor

Examples	Information
	Addition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes an object. Answers questions of indirect cases.
	Definition- a minor member of the sentence, which denotes a sign of the subject. Answers the questions: Which? Whose?
	Circumstance- a minor member of the sentence, which denotes time, place, mode of action. Answers the questions: Where? When? Where? Where? Why? What for? And How?

Offers

1. Role in language	Expresses a thought that is complete in meaning and intonation.
3. Types of sentences by the number of grammatical bases	Simple - one base, complex - two or more grammatical bases.
4. Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement	Narrative (contains a message); interrogative (contains a question); incentive (incitement to action).
5. Types of sentences by intonation	Exclamatory, in which the thought is accompanied by a strong feeling, and non-exclamatory.
6. Types of proposals for the presence or absence of secondary members	Common (besides the main members, there are also minor ones) and non-common (consist only of the grammatical basis).
7. Types of proposals by complexity	May be complicated by appeals, homogeneous members

Parsing suggestions

Syntactic analysis of a sentence is the analysis of a sentence by members and parts of speech. Perform parsing complex sentence possible according to the proposed plan. The sample will help to properly format the written analysis of the sentence, and the example will reveal the secrets of oral parsing.

Sentence parsing plan

1. Simple, simple, complicated by homogeneous members, or complex

2. According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or incentive.

3. By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

4. Common or non-common.

5. Determine the SUBJECT. Ask WHO? or WHAT? Underline the subject and determine what part of speech it is.

6. Define the PREDICTION. Ask questions WHAT DOES IT DO? etc. Underline the predicate and determine what part of speech it is expressed.

7. From the subject, ask questions to the minor members of the sentence. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.

8. From the predicate, ask questions to the minor members. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.

Sentence Parsing Sample

Already the sky breathed in autumn, the sun shone less often.

This proposal is complex First part:

(what?) the sky is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) breathed - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 2 ref., in unit h., past. vr., wed. R.
breathed (what?) in autumn - an addition, expressed by a noun in singular. h., w. r., nat., inanimate, 3 cl., etc.
breathed (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb

The second part:

(what?) the sun is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) shone - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 1 ref., in unit h., past. vr., wed. R.
shone (how?) less often - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb
shone (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb

An example of parsing a sentence

They then flew obliquely in the wind, then lay down vertically on the damp grass.

This proposal is simple.

(what?) they are the subject, expressed by the pronoun pl. h., 3 l., and. P.
(what did they do?) flew - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non-view, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..flyed
(what did they do?) lay down - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb nes.vid, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..
flew (how?) obliquely - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb.
flew (how?) in the wind - a circumstance of the course of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (how?) sheer - circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (where?) on the grass - a circumstance of the place, expressed by the noun adverb, inanimate, in singular. h., w. r., 1 fold, v.p. with a pretext
grass (what?) raw - a definition, expressed by an adjective in singular. h., female, v.p.

The order of parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of offer according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, motivating, interrogative).
2. Determine the type of offer by emotional coloring (exclamatory, non-exclamatory).
3. Find the grammatical basis of a sentence and prove that it is simple.
4. Determine the type of offer by structure:
a) two-piece or one-piece(definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, naming);
b) common or not common;
in) complete or incomplete(indicate which part of the sentence is missing in it);
d) complicated (indicate what is complicated: homogeneous members, isolated members, appeal, introductory words).
5. Parse the sentence by members and indicate how they are expressed(first, the subject and predicate are analyzed, then the secondary members related to them).
6. Draw up a sentence diagram and explain the placement of punctuation marks.

1) My fire in the fog shines(A. K. Tolstoy).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated. Grammar basis - the bonfire is shining my, expressed possessive pronoun. The predicate refers to the circumstance of the place in the fog, expressed by a noun in the prepositional case with a preposition in.
Proposal scheme. A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence.
2) At the end of January, fanned by the first thaw, they smell good cherry orchards (Sholokhov).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition, expressed by participial turnover. Grammar basis - gardens smell. The subject is expressed by the noun in nominative case, the predicate is a simple verb, expressed by the verb in the form of the indicative mood. The subject is the agreed definition cherry expressed by an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time in the end of January, expressed by the phrase (noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition in, and the circumstance of the mode of action Good expressed in an adverb.
Sentence schema [ , ]. A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence; commas in the sentence highlight the participial turnover, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated, since it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.

Parsing a simple sentence

A simple sentence is parsed as follows:

Underline the parts of the sentence.

Indicate the type of predicate (predicates): PGS, SGS, SIS.

Make a descriptive analysis according to the following scheme:

1. For the purpose of the statement:

   - narrative

   - interrogative

   - incentive.

   By intonation:

   - non-exclamatory

   - exclamatory.

   By the number of grammatical bases - simple,

   By the presence of one or both main members:

   1) two-part.

   2) one-part. with main member

   a) subject - denominative;

   b) predicate:

   - definitely personal

   - vaguely personal

   - generalized personal,

   - impersonal.

   By the presence of secondary members:

   - common,

   - uncommon.

   By the presence of missing members:

   - complete,

   - incomplete (indicate which member / members of the proposal is omitted / omitted).

   By the presence of complicating members:

   1) uncomplicated,

   2) complicated:

   - homogeneous members of the proposal;

   - isolated members of the proposal;

   - introductory words, introductory and plug-in constructions,

   - direct speech;

   - appeal.

Here is an example parsing simple sentence.

Sample parsing a simple sentence:

porter, who came out at that moment from the door of the restaurant hanger to the yard to smoke, trampled on his cigarette and moved towards the ghost with the clear purpose of blocking his access to the restaurant, but for some reason did not do this and stopped, smiling stupidly (M. A. Bulgakov).

§one. What is parsing, what are its specifics

Parsing is a complete grammatical characteristic of a syntactic unit:

• phrases
• simple sentence
• complex sentence

In syntactic analysis, it is important to be able to distinguish between units of syntax, to realize that these are units of different levels, and to understand what features each of them is characterized by. Parsing requires not confusing a phrase and a simple sentence, as well as a simple and complex sentence, and knowing how to parse each of them.

§2. What you need to know and be able to do

Syntactic parsing requires knowledge and skills.

Need to know:

• what is the difference between a phrase and a sentence
• what is the difference between simple and complex sentences
• how the phrase is built, and what they are (view by the main word)
• syntactic links of words in a phrase: agreement, control, adjunction
• what features characterize the sentence: the purpose of the statement, semantic and intonational completeness, the presence of a grammatical basis
• what are the sentences according to the number of grammatical bases: simple, complex
• what are simple sentences in terms of their structure: two-part, one-part (nominative, definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal)
• what are complex sentences: by nature syntactic connection their parts: allied, non-union; allied: compound and complex subordinate)
• what is the syntactic role of words in a sentence (analysis by sentence members)

Need to be able to:

• to determine which syntactic units the unit given for parsing applies
• highlight phrases in a sentence
• find the main and dependent word in the phrase
• determine the type of syntactic relationship
• determine the grammatical basis of a sentence
• determine the type of sentence by grammatical basis (two-part - one-part) and by the nature of the main member (for one-part sentences)
• define sentence members
• identify complicating components: homogeneous members, separations, introductory elements (introductory words and sentences, plug-in constructions), appeals, direct speech and citation
• determine the number of parts in a complex sentence
• determine the type of syntactic connection and the type of a complex sentence

§3. The order of parsing syntactic units

phrase

1. Determine the main and dependent words, highlight the main thing, put a question to the dependent from it.
2. Determine the type of phrase by the main word: nominal, verbal, adverbial.
3. Determine the type of syntactic connection: agreement, control, adjacency.

Simple sentence

1. Analyze by the members of the sentence: underline all the members of the sentence, determine what (what part of speech) they are expressed by.
2. Give a description of the purpose of the statement:

• narrative
• interrogative
• incentive

3. Give a description of the expressed emotions and intonation:

• non-exclamatory
• exclamatory

4. Determine the number of grammatical bases and determine the type of sentence by their number:

• simple
• complicated

5. Give a description of the presence of the main members:

• two-part
• one-component

a) one-part with the main member of the subject: denominative
b) one-part with the main member of the predicate: definite-personal, indefinitely-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal

6. Give a description of the presence of secondary members:

• widespread
• uncommon

7. Give a description in terms of completeness (the presence of members of the proposal that are necessary in meaning):

• complete
• incomplete

8. Determine the presence of complicating components:

• uncomplicated
• complicated:

a) homogeneous members of the proposal
b) separate members: definition (agreed - inconsistent), addition, circumstance
c) introductory words, introductory sentences and plug-in constructions
d) appeal
e) constructions with direct speech or quotation

Note:

When expressing isolations by participles and participial phrases, as well as comparative constructions, to characterize what exactly expresses the isolation

Difficult sentence

1. As in a simple sentence, define the members of the sentence.
2. As in a simple sentence, give a description of the purpose of the statement:

• narrative
• interrogative
• incentive

3. As in a simple sentence, describe the expressed emotions and intonation:

• non-exclamatory
• exclamatory

4. By the number of grammatical bases (more than one), determine that the sentence is complex.
5. Determine the type of syntactic connection between parts of a complex sentence:

• with allied connection
• with unionless connection
• with a combination of allied and allied connection

6. Determine the type of complex sentence and means of communication:

• compound (: connecting, dividing, adversative, connecting, explanatory or gradational)
• complex (: temporary, causal, conditional, target, consequences, concessive, comparative and explanatory, as well as allied words)
• non-union (connection in meaning, expressed intonationally)

7. Determine the type of complex sentence (for example: complex with an explanatory clause).
8. Next, each part of the complex sentence is characterized (according to the scheme of a simple sentence - see the scheme for parsing a simple sentence, paragraphs 5-8)
9. Make a diagram of a complex sentence, reflecting

Parsing plan:

• Compound.

  The number of parts in the complex, their boundaries (highlight grammar basics in simple sentences).

  Means of communication between parts (indicate unions and determine the meaning of a complex sentence).

  Offer scheme.

Parsing sample:

Was winter but all last days stood thaw. (I. Bunin).

(Descriptive, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, compound, consists of two parts, opposition is expressed between the first and second parts, the parts are connected by an adversative union but.)

Offer scheme:

1 but 2 .

The order of syntactic analysis of a complex sentence

Parsing plan:

Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or incentive).

Type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

• Complicated.

  Main and subordinate parts.

  What does the adjective propagate.

  What is attached to the accessory part.

  Attachment location.

  Attachment type.

  Scheme of a complex sentence.

Parsing sample:

When she is played down on piano 1, I got up and listened 2 . (A.P. Chekhov)

(The narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, complex, consists of two parts. The 2nd part is the main one, the 1st is the subordinate, the subordinate part extends the main part and joins it with the union when, the subordinate part is located in front of the main part, the type of the subordinate part is the subordinate time).

Offer scheme:

(conjunction when ...) 1 , [ ... ] 2 .

adnexal

Exist. verb. union of places. Verb. etc. adj. noun

Wayfarers saw, what they are on the small clearing. (Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, NGN with adjective explanatory, 1) non-distributive, two-state, complete. 2) distribution, two-state, noon).

[ ____ ], (what…).

The order of syntactic analysis of a non-union complex sentence

Parsing plan:

Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or incentive).

Type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

• Unionless.

  Number of parts (highlight grammatical foundations in simple sentences).

  Offer scheme.

Parsing sample:

The song ended 1 - the usual applause 2 . (I.S. Turgenev)

(The narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union, consists of two parts, the first part indicates the duration of what is said in the second part, a dash is placed between the parts.)

Offer scheme: