River otter presentation. River otter (lat.
Otter is a large animal with an elongated, flexible, streamlined body. Body length 5595 cm, tail 2655 cm, weight 6 10 kg. Paws are short, with swimming membranes. The tail is muscular, not bushy. Fur color: dark brown above, light silver below. The guard hairs are coarse, but the underfur is very thick and delicate.
The density of the woolly cover can reach 51 thousand per 1 cm 2. Such a high density of the undercoat makes the fur completely impervious to water and perfectly insulates the body of the animal, protecting it from hypothermia. The body structure of the otter is adapted for swimming under water: a flat head, short legs, a long tail.
The most common member of the otter subfamily. It is found in a vast area covering almost all of Europe (except the Netherlands and Switzerland), Asia (except the Arabian Peninsula) and North Africa. In Russia, it is found everywhere, including in the Far North in the Magadan region, in Chukotka.
It lives mainly in forest rivers, rich in fish, less often in lakes and ponds. Found on the coast. Prefers rivers with whirlpools, with rapids that do not freeze in winter, with washed-out water, littered with windbreak banks, where there are many reliable shelters and places for burrows.
The hunting grounds of one otter in summer make up a section of the river from 2 to 18 km long and about 100 m deep into the coastal zone. In winter, with the depletion of fish stocks and the freezing of polynyas, it is forced to roam, sometimes crossing high watersheds straight across. At the same time, the otter descends from the slopes, rolling down on its belly, leaving a characteristic trace in the form of a gutter. It travels up to 1520 km per day on ice and snow.
The otter feeds mainly on fish (carp, pike, trout, roach, gobies), and prefers small fish. In winter it eats frogs, rather regularly larvae of caddisflies. In summer, in addition to fish, it catches water voles and other rodents; in some places systematically hunts waders and ducks.
Hunting and use in agriculture pesticides have reduced the number of otters. In 2000, the common otter was listed on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List as "Vulnerable" (vulnerable) species. The species is listed in the Red Book Sverdlovsk region, Saratov and Rostov regions.
Otter- This is one of the types of mammalian predators, which is credited to the weasel family. The size of a mammal directly depends on the variety.
On average, they range from 50 cm to 95 cm, the length of its fluffy tail is from 22 cm to 55 cm. This animal is quite flexible and has a muscular body. An interesting feature is the moment that an animal with dimensions of about a meter weighs only 10 kg.
Otters of all kinds have one color - brown or brown. Their fur is short, but thick, which makes it very valuable. In spring and summer, the otter has a molting period.
Otters are one of those who care and look after their fur, comb it, clean it. If they do not do this, the wool will become dirty and will no longer hold heat, and this will certainly lead to death.
Due to the small eyes, the otter sees perfectly on land and under water. They also have short legs and sharp nails. The paws are connected by membranes, which makes it possible to swim well.
When an otter dives into the water, its ear openings and nostrils are blocked by valves in this way, blocking the penetration of water into it. In pursuit of prey underwater, an otter can swim up to 300 m.
When a mammal senses danger, it makes a hissing sound. While playing with each other, they squeal or chirp. An interesting fact is that in some parts of the world the otter is used as a hunting animal. They are able to drive fish into the net.
The otter has a lot of enemies. Depending on their habitat, these can be birds of prey, crocodiles, bears, stray dogs, wolves and jaguars. But man remains the main enemy, he not only hunts her, but pollutes and destroys her environment.
Habitat and lifestyle of the otter
An otter can be found on every continent, the only exception is. Due to the fact that their habitat is connected with water, they live near lakes, rivers and other bodies of water, and the water must also be clean and have a strong current. In the winter (cold) period, the otter can be seen in those parts of the river that are not frozen.
At night, the animal hunts, and in the daytime it prefers to rest. It does this in the roots of trees that grow near water or in their holes. The entrance to the hole is always built under water. For otter beaver benefits, she lives in the holes that he dug, since he does not build his own independent ones. If the otter is not in danger, they are active during the day.
If it becomes unsafe for an otter in its usual place, it can easily travel 20 km in search of a new home (regardless of the time of year). The paths she treads have been used by her for several years. It is interesting to observe the animal in winter period, he moves through the snow with jumps, alternating them by sliding on his stomach.
Depending on the species, otters react differently to captivity. Some become discouraged, stop caring for themselves, and may eventually die. The latter, on the contrary, are very friendly, quickly adapt to a new environment, and are quite playful.
Otter species
In total, there are 17 species of otters and 5 subfamilies. The most popular of them:
- river otter(ordinary).
- sea otter(sea otter).
- Caucasian otter.
- Brazilian otter (giant).
The sea otter is marine mammal, kind otter beaver, so the sea otter is also called the sea beaver. Differs in large sizes, which reach up to 150 cm and weigh up to 45 kg.
They have a fairly dense fur, which makes it possible to not freeze in the water. Early 20th century otter population(sea otters) decreased significantly due to the large demand for fur.
At this stage, their numbers have increased significantly, but they cannot be hunted. It is very interesting to watch them, because the sea otters put their food in a “pocket”, which they have under the forelimb on the left. And in order to split, they use stones. Their life expectancy is 9-11 years, in captivity they can live for more than 20 years.
The giant otter can reach up to 2 meters, 70 cm of which belongs to the tail. Its weight is up to 26 kg. At the same time, the sea otter weighs much more, having smaller dimensions. Brazilian otters live in families of up to 20 individuals, the female is the main one in the family.
Their activity falls on the daylight hours, at night they rest. Their life expectancy is up to 10 years. The Caucasian otter is listed in the Red Book. The decrease in the population is due to pollution of water bodies, a decrease in the number of fish and poaching. Photo of an otter and their relatives can be found on the pages of our site.
Nutrition
The otter's diet includes mainly, but they can also eat mollusks, eggs, crustaceans, and even some terrestrial rodents. Also not a friend otters and muskrat, which can easily get to a predatory animal for lunch.
Very most Otters spend their lives in search of food, they are quite agile and fast. Due to their voracity and their habitats should be fish. This animal is a wonderful hunter, so after eating, the hunt does not end, and the caught fish act as a kind of toy.
Otters are of great benefit to the fishing industry, as they feed on non-commercial fish, which, in turn, eat eggs and fry. During the day, the otter eats about 1 kg of fish, while it is small in the water, and pulls the large one onto land. She carries out food in water in this way, puts it on her stomach and eats.
After the end of the meal, it carefully spins in water, cleansing the body of food debris. It is a pure animal. The animal does not react to the baits left by the hunters, so it is extremely difficult to attract the animal in this way, unless it must be very hungry.
Reproduction and life span of the otter
The period of puberty in the female otter occurs after two years, in the male after three. Animals are solitary. Mating takes place in water. The otter breeds once a year, this period falls in the spring.
The female is very interesting period gestation, after fertilization, it can stop in development, and then start again. For this reason, the female can bring offspring both at the beginning of winter and in the middle of spring (latent gestation can last up to 270 days). The gestation period lasts from 60 to 85 days.
The offspring is from 2 to 4 babies. They are born blind and in fur, vision appears after a month of life. In the second month of life, babies have teeth, and they learn to swim, at 6 months they become independent. After about a year, the babies leave their mother.
The average lifespan of an otter lasts on average about 15-16 years. The ranks of these wonderful animals are thinning considerably. The reason is not only polluted water bodies, but also poaching. Otter hunting prohibited by law. In some countries, this wonderful animal is listed in the book.
main value for hunters is otter fur- it is quite high quality and durable. Beaver, otter, muskrat are the main sources of fur, which they love to use for sewing various products.
"Barents Sea" - Seas of the European North. The White Sea is a long bay Barents Sea. Belt of kelp algae with red algae epiphytes. In width, the sea extends for 1400 km, narrowing to the south to 600 km. The island is a mirage. Dead end. White Sea. Rich rivers bring fresh water. Polar tern. Barencevo sea.
"Resources of the Seas of Russia" - Fishing for cod and herring. Fishing for sea animals is underway. Consider Natural resources seas. Sprat. Kizhuch. The energy of sea tides and ebbs. Crabs of the Barents Sea. S e l d. Sakhalin. The sea otter is a sea otter. In the Baltic Sea they catch sprat, herring, cod, eel. Beluga. Zander. Flounder. Sea bass.
"Rivers of the sea and lakes of Russia" - Rivers of the Russian Plain: Volga, Northern Dvina, Pechera, Don, Ural. Seas Atlantic Ocean: Baltic Sea and Black Sea. Rivers of the Central Siberian Plateau: Lena, Amur, Angara, Indigarka, Kolyma. Seas of the Pacific Ocean: Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea. Kama, Oka. Seas, lakes and rivers of Russia.
"Aral Sea" - In 2001, as a result of the departure of water, the Vozrozhdeniye Island was connected to the mainland from the south side. Since 1961, the sea level has been decreasing at an increasing rate from 20 to 80-90 cm/year. The problem of the Aral Sea. The contractor is the PetroAlliance company, the customer is the government of Uzbekistan. Pictured is Lake Chad in 1972 and 2008.
"Marine Traditions" - Learn the history of maritime beliefs and taboos. Books and magazines will help you learn Interesting Facts about the traditions of decorating ships, to be convinced of the wisdom of the Naval Charter, “Marine Traditions and Customs”. The peculiarity of life, life and work of sailors, cut off from their usual conditions for a long time, gave rise to many special customs, rituals and norms of behavior peculiar only to the fleet, which give the naval service and work at sea a unique identity.
"Internal waters in Russia" - What is the origin of the largest lake in the world? Drainless. Riding. Hydrological types of lakes. Moss. Genetic types of lakes. Glaciers. Integumentary. What group of basins do the lakes of Kamchatka belong to? Glacial. Inland waters Russia. Zaprudnye. Hanging. Lesson topic: Lakes, swamps, glaciers in Russia.
In total there are 17 presentations in the topic
Isaeva Olesya
Presentation "Red Book Kaluga region. River Otter"
Kaluga region- this is an amazing region that fascinates many tourists. Here you can enjoy all the seasons, meet a bear or an elk in the forest, admire the diverse world of plants. More than 50 percent of the area is occupied by forests, rivers and reservoirs. Region rich unique species animals that are under protection.
Red Data Book of the Kaluga Region is a document issued in 2006. This includes animals, plants, mushrooms, birds that are under threat. They need our protection, our attention. This list is quite large. let's go through the pages Red Book. Let's start with the fungi kingdom. Under their protection is great amount. Among fungi, the most feared are the following: the sarcosome is spherical, it is a very rare fungus, very interesting view, a small barrel of water drowned in moss, and for example ramariopsis Beautiful- this mushroom can be found on dry slopes.
Animals and birds are listed very diverse, for example, lynx, bison, Brown bear, mink, from birds stork, lark.
How can we save our natural world? How to introduce children to such a diverse world of nature? Learn to care for animals? For this, I have developed presentations to directly educational activities with kids.
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