Grow porcini mushrooms in your home garden. Growing white mushrooms at home

Eco-friendly estate. Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the estate is not a myth, but a reality. The main thing is to know some of the features and then the cultivation of porcini mushrooms will be effective

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the estate - eIt's not a myth, but a reality.

The main thing is to know some features and then the cultivation of porcini mushrooms will be effective (it would be surprising if this king of mushrooms did not have his own requirements for caring for him). There are two ways to grow white mushrooms. The first method is growing with mycelium, the second is using fresh mushroom caps.

A little about the mushroom itself.

White mushroom is rightfully considered the most valuable among edible mushrooms. He has a fleshy big hat and a thick swollen white leg. It is tastier and more aromatic than other mushrooms. And it is called white because it does not darken during harvesting and cooking. With this mushroom, wonderful fragrant light sauces, broths and soups, as well as many other dishes are prepared.

All these qualities make it possible to call the porcini mushroom the most desirable in the mushroom picker's basket. And if he grows in his own garden, then it's even better.

Cultivation of white mushrooms from mycelium

This is the first way to grow in case you do not have time to look for mushrooms in the forest. To grow in this way, firstly, you need to purchase mycelium white fungus. The Internet will help in finding sellers.

In addition to the mycelium, you will need:

• growing trees deciduous or conifers, preferably not very old (about 8-14 years old mainly oaks, pines and birches);
• branches, moss, fallen leaves;
• compost.

May to September- the most suitable time for planting mycelium of porcini mushrooms.

So - everything is prepared, the season is right, we start planting:

1. Let's prepare a place for landing. To do this, near the tree trunk, you need to remove the top layer of earth (10-20 cm thick) with a shovel in such a way as to get an approximately round bare area from 1 to 1.5 m in diameter with a tree in the center.

2. Lay either compost or soil with a high peat content 1 to 2 cm thick on the bare area, and lay pieces of porcini mycelium on top. Put mycelium in a checkerboard pattern every 25-30 cm. One package of mycelium should be enough for one tree.

3. Cover everything with that layer of soil that was removed at the very beginning. Now water the landing site. Water must be poured carefully through the sprayer so as not to erode the soil. One tree needs 2 to 3 buckets of water.

4. I recommend covering the planting area for porcini mushrooms with a 20-40 cm layer of straw in order to maintain soil moisture at 40%. The mushroom picker should not dry out. From time to time the site will need to be watered to maintain the necessary humidity. It is recommended to add effective microorganisms to the water during irrigation (for example, Baikal EM-1). This increases the likelihood of seedlings.

5. To protect against frost, cover the area with mycelium with straw, moss, fallen leaves or spruce branches. Coverage radius is about 2m. In the spring, when there is no longer a possibility of a return of severe frosts, remove the “veil”.

The first mushrooms will appear a year after the mycelium takes root. And so porcini mushrooms on the estate will delight you for about 3-4 years. If from time to time you water the land with mycelium with water with effective microorganisms (EM), you can harvest longer - sometimes even up to 7 years.

As you can see, the technology for growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium is not very complicated.

Growing white mushrooms with fresh mushroom caps

As in the first option, you need coniferous or deciduous trees aged 8 to 12 years.

And now it's time to go to the forest for mushrooms, that is, for the so-called "seed material". Such material is the fruiting bodies of porcini mushrooms and, of course, caps. Your goal is more mature mushrooms (at least 5-10 pieces) with hats 10-20 cm in diameter. When broken, the flesh should have a slight greenish tint. If the mushrooms are infected with insect larvae, it's not scary.

Now let's get down to the landing process itself.

Growing porcini mushrooms using hats is somewhat similar to growing the previous method, but there are some peculiarities. To grow in this way, we need:

• prepare harvested mushrooms to sowing;
• prepare a place for sowing;
• "sow" the mushrooms.

And now more about this:

How to prepare the "seed" of porcini mushrooms?

Place porcini mushrooms (5-10 pieces) collected for sowing in a bucket of water (preferably with rain water) and leave them to soak for a day. After insisting, mash the mushrooms with your hands right in the bucket. You should get a homogeneous mass. Now strain this solution through a sieve or cloth with rare pores. Do not discard any leftover pulp. She, too, will need to be planted. Thus, you got a solution with spores and the mushroom tissue itself.

Preparation of a place for sowing and the “sowing” of porcini mushrooms

The place for sowing is prepared in the same way as in the previous planting method. But the sowing process is different.

With this method of planting on a bare piece of land, it is necessary to pour a filtered solution onto the roots of a tree (about 2 liters per square meter). After watering, lay the mushroom tissue on top of the roots, which remains after straining. After that, cover everything with earth that was previously removed near this tree, and pour water over it. As in the previous planting method, water very carefully. The amount of water per tree is 4-5 buckets.

Take care of the site, as in the case of planting porcini mushrooms with the help of mycelium. That is, keep the soil moist (especially in summer), and for the winter (and especially before the first winter after planting), cover the ground around the tree. Remove the covering material in the spring.

It is enough to water once a week for 4-5 buckets of water for each tree. Although it all depends on the area where you live. If you often have rains, then, of course, watering can be reduced.

After a year or two, if the mycelium has taken root, you will collect your porcini mushrooms. They can be from 2 to 5 kg.

By the way, if you “sow” mushrooms in August, and the mushrooms appear next autumn, then parts of the caps of porcini mushrooms have taken root. Well, if mushrooms appear after 2 years, then spores have taken root.

As with the mycelium growing method, you will harvest mushrooms for about 3-4 years. So if you enjoy picking your own white mushrooms, plant them again in the same way in a few years.

What you need to know to increase the chances of mycelium to take root?

Mushrooms can take root better if you use the following guidelines (some of them will work for both growing methods).

When looking for mushrooms for further planting, choose mushrooms that grow near the same species of trees near which you plan to plant. That is, if an oak tree grows on your site, then look for porcini mushrooms also near the oak. If you have different trees on the site, then also collect "seed" near different trees, but preferably in different bags or baskets. The trees themselves must be healthy.

After the mushrooms have been harvested, they must be soaked immediately (maximum 10 hours after harvest) and sown the next day. It is impossible to store mushrooms before soaking for longer than 10 hours. They decompose quickly. You won’t grow anything from frozen mushrooms, so don’t even try to freeze them so that you can plant them later.

When soaking mushrooms (when preparing seed), sugar or alcohol can be added to the water. This will help the mycelium take root better. You just need to remember that alcohol is added first, mixed with water, and only then the caps are placed for soaking. The amount of alcohol - 3-4 tbsp. spoons for 10 liters of water. If you use sugar, then it should be only granulated sugar. Rafinade cannot be used. You need 50 g of sugar per 10 liters of water.

2-3 hours before planting mushrooms, a bare area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe earth should be watered with a special solution for disinfection. But fear not, these are all natural substances and your eco-garden will not suffer. But pathogenic fungi and bacteria will partially lose their hyperactivity and will not be able to harm your white mushrooms.

To disinfect the area, a solution of tannins is used. One tree needs 2-3 liters of such a solution. It can be prepared either from black tea or from oak bark. You can water the site only with a chilled solution.

You can prepare a tanning solution from:

• from black tea

To prepare 1 liter of the finished solution, you need to pour 50-100 g of low-grade tea with one liter of boiling water and wait until it cools down.

• from oak bark

For 1 liter of water, 30 g of oak bark is taken. Boil for an hour. In the process of boiling water, add water to the original volume.
Planting time for mushrooms is mid-September. Later they will take root worse or not take root at all. 1-1.5 months before frost, the mycelium can take root and grow. This will provide her with the best wintering.

The best time for planting porcini mushrooms is August-mid-September.

And again: keep an eye on the humidity in the zone of planted mushrooms. In hot summers, once a week, water the area with mushrooms with 3-4 buckets of water.

Well, now you know how to grow porcini mushrooms. You will have to work a little, but this is the king of mushrooms and it's worth it. Yes, and imagine how you watch the growth of mushrooms, not being afraid that someone else will pick them, because they grow on your territory ...

Growing porcini mushrooms on the estate will provide you with a personal "forest" harvest. I wish you good harvests and may you succeed in growing porcini mushrooms from the first time. published

White mushrooms or mushrooms are the most valuable and nutritious mushrooms. Most often, in the conditions of film and glass greenhouses, various heat-loving vegetable crops are grown. There are other areas for the use of protected ground, and one of them is the cultivation of porcini mushrooms. If there is a greenhouse structure in the country house, then growing porcini mushrooms is quite simple. However, it should be borne in mind that growing mushrooms at home or in a greenhouse in the country requires certain knowledge.

Growing porcini mushrooms is not only an exciting activity, but also can bring good income to the family budget. The process itself is not difficult, and mushrooms grown at home or in the country will become a favorite dish on the table.

General information

Porcini mushrooms are a real delicacy, but today they have become a rather rare dish on the Russian table, due to the high cost of this product and the small amount of this type of mushroom in the forests. Currently, there is a great opportunity to independently grow very healthy and tasty porcini mushrooms at home or in a greenhouse, which is available in almost every country house.

• the presence of warm and foggy nights, as well as short-term thunderstorms;
• lack of temperature fluctuations and prolonged heavy rainfall;
• dry soils with drainage;
• warm and sunny areas.

White mushrooms do not grow on sandy or loamy soils, as well as in swamps and peat bogs. In harvest years, porcini mushrooms grow in large quantities, regardless of lighting conditions.

It is quite difficult to create ideal conditions for growing porcini mushrooms at home or in a greenhouse, but it is possible. The main condition for the success of this event is the strict observance of all stages of technology.

Growing methods

Bed preparation

To create conditions suitable for growing a mushroom culture in a greenhouse, the following requirements must be observed:

• porcini mushrooms require the use of a specific substrate, the composition of which depends on the type of fungus and the place where the mycelium was taken from;
• it is required to bring soil from the forest in which porcini mushrooms previously grew and developed;
• forest soil and garden soil should be mixed as thoroughly as possible, and the soil composition obtained as a result of these manipulations must be supplemented with steamed sawdust and a small amount of high-quality manure;
• a self-made mixture should be infused for a week, and then filled with this composition wooden boxes housed in a greenhouse.

White mushrooms in a greenhouse (video)

It should be borne in mind that porcini mushrooms belong to the category of rather whimsical plants, so the lack of a crop in the first year is quite acceptable. During this period, it is recommended to pay special attention to maintaining the most favorable conditions in the greenhouse.

Landing and care features

Step-by-step instructions for planting and growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium involves the following steps:

• mushroom mycelium can be purchased from ready-made, which greatly facilitates the process of planting and growing;
• preparation of the site for growing porcini mushrooms should be carried out from the last days of May to the end of October;
• if a house adjoining territory is chosen for planting, then a plot of land around the tree is used, which must be bare as carefully as possible, removing about twenty centimeters of the top layer of soil;

• in the greenhouse, the role of such a site is played by special ridges or seedling boxes;
• the basis for growing is a layer of compost three centimeters thick, which should be steamed in order to protect against harmful microorganisms;
• on the prepared soil, mycelium should be laid in a checkerboard pattern, divided into the smallest possible pieces;
• soil that has been removed is used to cover the mycelium;
• the planted mycelium should be shed very abundantly, and the finished planting should be covered with a thick layer of straw, which will help maintain the humidity at the right level for mushroom growth. Abundant watering is carried out as the plantings dry out.

It is allowed to grow porcini mushrooms in greenhouse conditions using planting material as a dispute:

• collect fully ripe mushrooms in the forest, the number of which should be at least ten;
• a usable mushroom must have a hat, the flesh of which is green when broken. The presence of larvae is acceptable and does not harm the growing process;
• separate the hats from the legs and soak them for a day in rainwater with the addition of ten grams of sugar per seven liters of water;

• grind the mushrooms in water until a homogeneous mass is formed, and remove excess water by filtering through a sieve or pharmaceutical gauze;
• put strained mushroom pulp on the prepared soil mixture, sprinkle it with peat soil and spill it with water with spores.

Features of caring for mushroom plantings are to comply with the following requirements:

• compliance with the humidity regime in the greenhouse at the level of 85%;
• implementation of protective measures against sunlight;
• compliance with the ventilation regime;
• the temperature regime in the greenhouse should be no higher than 28 ° C at the stage of germination and 17 ° C - at the stage of the appearance of the first mushrooms;
• water for irrigation should have a temperature of at least 10 ° C.

Diseases and pests

• larvae of a small mushroom fly;
• gall mosquito larvae;
• microscopic fungal mites;
• wood lice and springtails;
• plant nematodes;
• mold fungi;
• white mushroom rot;
• dry rot of porcini mushrooms;
• cobweb mold type dactylium;
• mummy disease of a viral nature.

Growing white mushrooms at home (video)

Mushroom collection fruit bodies performed as it matures. Experts do not recommend cutting mushrooms with a knife, as the cut becomes an open "gate" for the penetration of infections. It is advisable to carefully unscrew the mushrooms from the mycelium, since it is this method of collection that is less traumatic for porcini mushrooms.

Find porcini mushrooms in the forest - great luck for every mushroom picker. But in last years this task has become more difficult, porcini mushrooms are becoming less and less, and their prices on the market are steadily rising.

Technologies for growing porcini mushrooms at home have been developed. In this article I will try to explain in detail how to make the impossible possible, how to grow porcini mushrooms in my apartment on the windowsill or in my own summer cottage.

The porcini mushroom belongs to the family of boletaceae, tubular. Another name for porcini mushroom is boletus. This mushroom sometimes reaches an impressive size - 25 cm in height, and its hat can be up to 40 cm in diameter.

It has a thick, white, barrel-like stem and a brown-toned hat. The pulp of the mushroom is juicy and gives a creamy, pinkish or grayish tint at the break.

In nature, there are several varieties of white fungus: upland, pine, birch, steppe, oak and spikelet. On the territory of Russia, you can most often find birch and pine white fungus, but oak is a rarity.

Mushrooms are always located under trees, as mushrooms grow in symbiosis with their roots. White fungus prefers dry, well-drained soils.

Usually in natural environment habitat mushrooms appear after a short warm rain, especially with a thunderstorm, and also after autumn night fogs. For normal growth, white fungus needs sunlight, a stable temperature and high humidity of the surrounding air.

Modern technologies for breeding porcini mushrooms

Modern mushroom growers have developed the following methods for the artificial cultivation of porcini mushrooms:

• Cultivation of mushrooms on your own open areas. Mushrooms are grown to meet the needs of their families.
• Cultivation of mushrooms in greenhouses and rooms with special equipment. Mushrooms are grown in large quantities for sale.
• Cultivation of mushrooms at home in pots on the windowsill. Mushrooms are grown in small quantities for their own pleasure.

It should be noted that all these methods do not guarantee a mandatory harvest. White mushrooms are extremely capricious, they may not grow at all, or suddenly appear suddenly after a few years.

But if you're lucky, you can harvest as early as 2 weeks after planting. Based on this, you need to start small - try to grow mushrooms in pots at home.

Growing porcini mushrooms in pots on the windowsill

1. For this purpose, you need to go to the forest and find porcini mushrooms there. Choose a few pieces of strong, whole mushrooms. Rinse them well at home, and chop the mushroom caps with a knife or pass through a meat grinder.
2. Mushrooms in nature reproduce by spores, which are found in the droppings of forest animals that feed on mushrooms. Therefore, it is necessary to create conditions for the mushroom mass that are close to the conditions of the gastric environment of these animals. To do this, 50 g of yeast and 4 liters of rain or well water are taken for 2-3 crushed hats. Mix all the ingredients and leave in a warm, dark place for 2 weeks.
3. After 2 weeks, mix the mixture well and pour 200 g from it, dissolve them in 2 liters of rain or well water.
4. Pour the potted flowers with the prepared mixture. Mushrooms grow in symbiotic conditions, experienced mushroom growers believe that a lily flower will be the best neighbor for them. For the experiment, you can try to pour the solution on other plants.
5. Of course, we must try to support the necessary conditions environment- a stable temperature of +8-+12 degrees, humidity of about 90% and daily access to sunlight in diffused form.

This method does not give any guarantee that the mushrooms will germinate. But there are few costs, and you can try to get this miracle on the windowsill.

Growing porcini mushrooms on the site

Mushrooms can be grown in a summer cottage if it has a birch, pine, spruce or oak. With the help of some tricks, you can try to create natural forest conditions for mushrooms under the corresponding tree:

1. First you need to go to the forest and find mushrooms, collect a few mushrooms, remove a small area of ​​the turf layer from their place of growth. It is necessary to remember under which tree the mushrooms grew, or to sign a package with mushrooms.
2. On your site, under the corresponding tree, lay out a layer of turf brought from the forest.
3. Grind the caps of porcini mushrooms, soak them for a week in rain or well water, they should decompose.
4. Drain the infusion, and spread the remaining mushroom cake around the landing site.
5. To defend the drained liquid for 2-3 days, until plaque forms on its surface.
6. Dig a hole under the desired tree in the unfolded sod. In this case, it is necessary to expose the root of the tree and scratch it slightly.
7. Pour the infusion into a hole with a bare root, and cover everything with turf.
8. From time to time, the planting should be slightly moistened and gradually pour the remaining infusion into it.

Instead of making an infusion from mushroom caps, you can simply dig out a portion of the porcini mycelium and try to plant it under the appropriate tree.

There is another option - to buy ready-made mycelium of porcini mushrooms, and then plant it according to the attached instructions. If you plant mycelium in the spring, then in the fall you can enjoy the harvest of mushrooms.

If the mushrooms were planted in autumn, then the harvest can be expected next autumn. For the winter, the mushroom planting site should be insulated with spruce branches or dry fallen leaves. In the spring, this shelter is dismantled.

With the artificial method of breeding mushrooms, one must be prepared for the fact that not all myceliums take root, and you can not wait for the harvest at all. But this method does not require large expenditures, and the attempt will not be difficult.

Growing porcini mushrooms in basements and greenhouses

Porcini mushrooms can be grown in various enclosed spaces - basements, hangars, sheds, greenhouses. To do this, it is necessary to make appropriate preparation of the place, and create conditions there that are as close to natural as possible:

• It is recommended to keep the temperature within + 8- + 12 degrees.
• Humidity should be constantly maintained at around 90%.
• Lighting must be provided for 5 hours a day with dim lamps or diffused sunlight.
• Gotta make a flow fresh air, consider the ventilation system of the room.

Experienced mushroom growers recommend buying ready-made mycelium of porcini mushrooms for sowing in a special garden store. It is obtained from artificially grown mushrooms, and is more likely to produce seedlings. Seed material prepared from wild forest mushrooms, may not produce a crop in the absence of appropriate trees.

Indoors, mushroom material is planted on beds in greenhouses or in bags and boxes in basements.

The soil substrate for growing porcini mushrooms consists of hay, sawdust, ground corn cobs, buckwheat husks, husks from sunflower seeds. Before planting seedlings, the substrate is sterilized. Bags and boxes are placed on shelves, small slits are made in the bags. Mycelium is laid in the substrate in layers.

Until the mushroom caps appear, the room temperature is maintained within + 23- + 25 degrees, light and ventilation are not needed during this period, the humidity in the room should be kept within 90%.

After the appearance of mushroom shoots, the temperature in the room should be reduced to +10 degrees, arrange good ventilation, daily small-drop watering and lighting for 5-6 hours a day. After 20-25 days, the crop will be ready for harvest.

Throughout the period of growing mushrooms, sterile cleanliness must be observed in the room. Walls, floors, ceilings and shelves are regularly treated with a special anti-mold solution.

But even with this method, it must be remembered that porcini mushrooms are extremely capricious and you can not wait for seedlings.

Harvest and storage

If porcini mushrooms were planted in the above ways and yielded a crop, then they must be harvested without cutting with a knife or picking, but carefully turning each mushroom around its axis. The remaining hole should be sprinkled with turf.

Mushrooms are a perishable product, so they must be processed immediately. There are many delicious dishes with white mushrooms. If the harvest is large, then porcini mushrooms can be dried in the oven at low temperatures or naturally in a dry, dark room.

Then the dried mushrooms are put into clean, dry jars and used as needed to prepare a variety of dishes.

The main conclusions about the methods of breeding porcini mushrooms at home

1. Porcini mushrooms are a very capricious substance, and it is not always possible to grow them in artificially created conditions.
2. When growing mushrooms on a windowsill in pots, in a city apartment, there is very little chance of waiting for the harvest, but you can try.
3. If the sowing substrate was planted in your own summer cottage under the corresponding tree, then the probability of obtaining a crop is much greater.
4. Breeding porcini mushrooms in a basement or greenhouse while sowing ready-made mycelium obtained from mushrooms grown in artificial conditions also gives a better chance of getting a crop.

White fungus is rightly considered an ideal among relatives. His appearance appetizing - a fleshy brown hat on a snow-white weighty leg, and the taste is great. It is called white because it does not darken when cooked and dried.

Technologies and methods of cultivation. There are two varieties: extensive (in the natural environment) and intensive (artificial). Extensive cultivation methods:

1. We get the mycelium of the porcini fungus.
2. We choose a place with growing trees of deciduous or coniferous species.
3. Preparing the site for planting. Not far from the trunk, we remove the top layer of soil (8–15 cm). You should get a bare area of ​​​​1.2–1.7 m, in the center of which there is a tree trunk.
4. We lay compost on this site with a thin layer, and on top - particles of mycelium in a checkerboard pattern (after 22–30 cm).
5. We cover with a layer of soil. Water the treated area through the sprayer.
6. After that, it is advisable to cover the place with a small layer of straw. To retain moisture.
7. Periodic watering with the addition of microorganisms is required.
8. Be sure to cover with fallen leaves from frost. With the onset of heat, the shelter must be removed.

• Pour the resulting composition (2.5 liters per square meter) onto the cleaned area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe soil on top of the roots.
• The mushroom tissue remaining as a result of straining is laid out on top. The site is covered with earth and watered.
• Soil moisture is constantly maintained.
• The place is sheltered for the winter, and in the spring the shelter is removed.
• 6-7 buckets of water should be applied per tree trunk per week.

1. Choose mushrooms that grew under those tree species near which you plan to create a mushroom greenhouse. The trees on the site must be healthy.
2. After harvesting, the mushrooms are soaked, and the next day they are placed in the soil. It is impossible to store seed for more than 8 hours. Frozen mycelium is unsuitable for planting.
3. Alcohol is poured first, mixed with water, and then caps are added (1.5-2 tablespoons per 5 liters of water and 25 g of sugar).
4. Before planting, the cleaned soil should be treated with a disinfectant solution. We use a mixture of tannins. On a tree - 4 liters of solution. Prepared from tea or oak bark.
5. The landing date is until September 15th. Later, the mycelium will not take root.
6. Do not forget to water the site regularly, especially in hot summers.