Research work why my brother is left-handed. Competition of design and research works

Tasks: 1. To study the literature on the problem of left-handedness. 2. Find out if left-handed people have their own characteristics. 3. Find out the reasons for my left-handedness. 4. Find out if there are left-handed people in our school, if so, what are their abilities. 5. By experiment, to establish the presence of hidden left-handedness in my cousin. 6. Give advice to adults on how to deal with left-handed children.

The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body. In right-handers and left-handers, it is responsible for intuition, abstract figurative thinking, musical rhythm, intonation of feeling. But for left-handed people, the "center of speech and writing" is also formed here. The left hemisphere controls the right half of the body. In right-handers, it is responsible for logic, speech, writing, reading. Non-rigid interhemispheric connections in left-handers contribute to a non-standard solution. In left-handers, the right hemisphere of the brain is more developed than the left.

3.Features of left-handed children Artistically gifted and very emotional. Good musical ability. They often start talking late and sometimes have difficulty pronouncing certain sounds. It happens that they find it difficult to read, write, and math. The left-handed child is gullible, prone to a quick change of mood. Left-handers tend to fantasize, have a good memory. They are sensitive and original. Left-handedness is a sign strong character and great creativity.

Questionnaire Questions to the subject Left hand Right hand 1. Interlace fingers. Which hand's finger is on top? + 2. Give the subject 2 pencils, blindfold and ask to draw 2 circles. The drawing made by the leading hand is more accurate. + 3. Interlace your hands on your chest. Which hand is on top? + 4. Cut with scissors. It is more accurate with the leading hand. + 5. Applaud. Which hand is on top? + 6. Wind the thread on the spool. + 7. Insert the thread into the needle. left-handed person, if less than 5, then right-handed.

7. Tips for adults 1. Adults should never show a child a negative attitude towards left-handedness. 2. It should be remembered that left-handedness is an individual variant of the norm, therefore, the difficulties that arise in left-handed children are most often not associated with this phenomenon. Any other child can have the same problems. 3. You should not even try to teach a left-handed child to work with his right hand, and even more so, insist on it. Retraining can lead to serious health problems. 4. It is necessary to determine the leading hand at 4-5 years old. 5. A left-handed child needs special attention and approach, but not because he is left-handed, but because each child is unique and inimitable. 6. When a left-handed child is working at the table, the light should fall from the right side. When placing children in the classroom, it is advisable for the teacher to seat the left-handed person in such a way that the board is on his right, this will reduce the likelihood of errors. Landing when writing is standard, but not the right, but the left shoulder is pushed forward a little. You can recommend the location of the notebook or sheet of paper in such a way that the upper right corner lies with an inclination to the right, and the upper left corner is located opposite the chest.

Akhunova Kamilla Almirovna

Project Manager:

Saubanova Alfiya Rinatovna

Institution:

MOBU "Secondary School No. 1 named after M. Abdullin", p. Kirghiz-Miyaki, Republic of Bashkortostan

This research work (project) in the elementary school "Lefty or Right-Handed" concerns my family as well - because my brother does everything with his left hand, and I with my right. In the study, I plan to find out how many left-handers study at our school, why there are so few of them and how such people are treated in society and what they really are.

In preparation for research project in elementary school on the topic "Lefty or right-handed" I wanted to know everything about left-handed and right-handed people and I started searching necessary information on the Internet.

Introduction
1. The main part.
1.1. The number of left-handed and right-handed children.
1.2. Questioning in classes.
1.3. Interests of left-handed and right-handed children.
1.4. Is it convenient for a left-handed child to live.
Conclusion
Additional material
Literature

Introduction

My name is Akhunova Kamilla. I am a second grade student.

I am an excellent student. I really like to study. I go to art school, I like to read interesting books. I attend a circle of smart people and smart girls. I have many friends.

With Alfiya Rinatovna, we carry out various studies. I was interested in project- research « Lefty or righty? and I decided to do it because I have a left handed brother.

I wanted to know everything about left-handed and right-handed people. This project - the study also concerns my family - because my brother does everything with his left hand, and I with my right.

I am interested in answering the following questions:

• How many lefties are in our school?
• why are there so few of them?
• how society treats such people.
• what are they?

My brother and I are competing to see who can do it faster, he - with his left hand, I - with my right hand.

I'm very interested to know Why is everyone in our family right-handed, but my brother is left-handed?

Purpose of the study: how many "right-handers" and "left-handers" among students lower grades our school.

Tasks:

1. What are the interests right-handers" and " lefties»?
2. Aptitude and academic achievement lefties" and " right-handers».

Object of study: students.

Subject of study: interests, hobbies, academic achievement.

My hypotheses:

1. Left-handedness is associated with a more developed left, and right-handedness is associated with a developed right hemisphere of the brain. These traits are inherited.
2. Most people are right-handed, society treats right-handed people better because they are in the majority.
3. It is very difficult for a left-handed person in a right-handed world, because all tools are designed for right-handers.
4. I suggested that "right-handers" and "left-handers" are characterized by differences in character traits, preferences in favorite activities, interests.

I have chosen the following research methods:

• The study of theoretical material.
• Questioning.
• The study of notebooks of left-handed and right-handed children.

Research stages:

1. The study of theoretical data.
2. Completing the tasks of the survey.
3. Examination of written works of left-handed and right-handed children.
4. Analysis of the research results.
5. Formulation of the conclusion.

1. Main body

1.1. The number of left-handed and right-handed children.

First, I decided to find out how many left-handed and right-handed children are in the primary grades of our school.
- total students - 382;
- right-handed - 360 people;
- left-handers - 22.

Galina Viktorovna Volgina, a psychologist at our school, said that this ratio is 1 to 17, left-handed children - 5.9%.

1.2. Questioning in classes

I conducted a survey in 3-"B" and 3-"A" classes.

Analysis of the questionnaires showed that out of 40 children, 8 children are left-handed.
Children define their left-handedness - right-handedness as follows:

1. I write, draw with this hand - 30
2. I do everything with this hand - 5
3. I write, I hold a spoon with this hand - 5

I decided to find out why there are so few left-handed children. And how are these people different from the rest?

I learned that the mysteries of the origin of left-handedness have not yet been discovered. Even scientists cannot answer the question why one child does everything with his right hand and the other with his left.

1.3. Interests of left-handed and right-handed children

I compared the interests of a left-handed and a right-handed child.

I learned that the brain consists of 2 hemispheres. The left and right hemispheres of the brain are different from each other. We need them for opposite actions.

The left hemisphere is responsible mathematical calculations, speech, reading and writing, motor functions. The left hemisphere is very well developed in right-handed people.

The right hemisphere - for figurative memory, rhythm, perception of music, feelings. This hemisphere is well developed in left-handed people.

If we look at the interests of left-handed and right-handed guys, we see confirmation of this. Therefore, knowing which hemisphere is the most important for us, we can choose the right profession or explain why something does not work out for us in this or that activity.

Until recently, they tried to retrain left-handers, but later it turned out that the forcible transformation of the right hand into the leading one has a bad effect not only on educational process, but also suppresses creative development, leads to various neuroses and can even cause stuttering.

Attitude towards lefties different times and different nations were not the same.

In the Middle Ages, the ability to use the left hand instead of the right was considered a sign of the devil. In more recent times, people who use the left hand began to attribute giftedness and even talent.

There are many talented left-handers among our contemporaries: Barack Obama. And many other famous people.

But there is also no doubt that there are a lot of famous and right-handed people.
This suggests that people are equal among themselves, and successes and achievements depend not only on natural inclinations, but also on the desire of a person to develop himself, to work on himself.

Try and you determine where the left-handed child wrote, and where the right-handed one?

Here are the works of the guys who study at "4 and 5". But these are the works of children who study at "3 and 4".
It seems to me that the quality of the work is the same.

1.4. Is life comfortable for a left-handed child?

I was also interested in the question of whether it is convenient for a left-handed child to live in a world where everything is done for right-handed children.

Left-handed guys answered like this - not always.

I learned that there are special shops in the West for left-handed people. For example, there are recipes for left-handed children, educational supplies, tools, sewing machines. We don’t have such stores yet, but you can still find products for left-handed people, for example, my brother uses a special left-handed pen!

I made a memo for teachers who work with left-handed children. She is as follows:

• In the class of left-handed children, it is recommended to sit on the left at the desk. In this position, the child does not interfere with the neighbor.
• When a left-handed child works at the table, the light should fall from the right side.

Conclusion

Conclusion:
1. Among primary school students, 6% are left-handed, 94% are right-handed.

2. Almost all people on earth are right-handed, and only some of them are different, not like everyone else. They write and sew, eat and work with their left hand. So they are more comfortable, easier.

3. It is human nature to be wary of everything that falls out of overall picture. In our time, not alertness, but interest, the desire to understand left-handed people and learn more about them, understanding the naturalness of differences is the way of a civilized attitude to the phenomenon of left-handedness.

Municipal state educational institution

Novosibirsk region Novosibirsk region

"Gusinobrodskaya Basic School No. 18"

Research work

on the topic: “Reasons for the development of left-handedness. Is it worth retraining a left-hander?

Completed by: 8th grade student

Vartanyan Valentina

Supervisor:

Makidonskaya T.A.

Biology teacher v.k.k.

Introduction 3

1 Left-handedness among people 5

Definition of left-handedness 5

Data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science 7

positive and negative sides in the life of a lefty 9

1.4 Retraining left-handers as it was, consequences 11

2 Practical research 14

2.1 Identification of left-handers among students of school No. 18 14

2.2 Comparative analysis of the performance of the same type of work between left-handed and right-handed 15

2.3 Genealogical tree left-handed families 16

3 Left-handedness is not a pathology 17

3.1 Results of the study 17

Conclusion 19

References 20

Apps 21

INTRODUCTION

Different people live in the world. Left-handed people have always aroused special interest and a certain wary attitude of others, aroused surprise and curiosity. In the Middle Ages, people who did everything with their left hand were burned at the stake. In the modern world, they were tried to be forcibly treated. And yet, every year there are more and more left-handers. If statistics are to be believed, there are twice as many births today as there were 24 years ago. And according to scientists, by 2020 their number on Earth will exceed one billion.

The relevance of the topic - in society there is an ambiguous attitude towards left-handedness, some consider it a serious shortcoming, others - a manifestation of genius. The existence of such extreme points of view testifies to the little knowledge of this phenomenon. The number of left-handed newborns began to increase, and what the parents of a left-handed child should do, retrain or not, we will study in the course of work.

Left-handedness is a feature that is clearly visible to others.

August 13 is International Left-Handed Day. Where does "left-handedness" come from? What to do: be upset or rejoice if you or your child is left-handed? What is the peculiarity of people in whom the left hand dominates? Is left-handedness a "gift of fate" or a "punishment"? What needs to be done to adapt to the right-handed world as much as possible?

The purpose of the work is to identify the reasons for the development of left-handedness, the positive and negative aspects for left-handed people, to find the answer to the question: is it worth retraining a left-handed person? Give advice to parents of left-handed children.

1. Define left-handedness, study the data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science, analyze the positive and negative aspects in the life of a left-handed person, study the consequences of retraining left-handed people.

2. To identify left-handers among the students of school No. 18, perform a comparative analysis, and compile a genealogical tree of the left-handed family.

3. Show the results of the study of the work performed, answer the question: “Is it worth retraining a left-hander?”, Give recommendations to parents of left-handed children.

The object of study is the human population

The subject of the study is left-handedness among people.

Research methods:

The study of the theoretical part;

Comparative analysis;

Questioning;

Drawing up a family tree

Practical significance: this work will introduce you to the characteristics of left-handed people, will allow you to find out the reasons for the development of left-handedness, as well as answer the question “Is it worth retraining left-handed people?”, Give recommendations to parents of left-handed children.

1 Left-handedness among people

1.1 Definition of left-handedness

“In nature, movement goes from right to left.

All luminaries and their satellites describe circular paths from east to west.

In humans, the right hand is better developed than the left ...

The volutes of the shell, with rare exceptions, are turned from right to left.

And if a left-handed shell comes across, connoisseurs value it worth its weight in gold.”

Jules Verne

The hand is "the most multifunctional organ of motor activity". There are many designations for the asymmetry of the hands, the most common designations are: right-handed, left-handed, ambidexter.

Left-handedness is not a pathology and not a lack of development. Left-handedness is a very important individual feature of a person. Scientists have put forward a hypothesis that in ancient times humanity was overwhelmingly left-handed. The predominance of the right hand appeared later, as a result of evolution. The left hand has great potential. It is more resistant to static loads, more accurately determines the shape of objects by touch, and reaches the specified force faster.

Lefty - A person who prefers to use the left hand instead of the right. Left-handedness - congenital or forced use of the left hand. Such individual characteristics depend on the dominance of one or another hemisphere of the brain.

And here it is appropriate to remember the name French doctor Paul Brock, who drew attention to the fact that paralysis of the right hand is very often accompanied by speech impairment, and with paralysis of the left limb, speech usually does not suffer.

What is the division of functions between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Responsibility for different types activities are divided among them. Moreover, one of the hemispheres is dominant, and the other is subdominant, i.e. subordinates. In this case, a cross process occurs: the right half of the human body is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain and vice versa. Thus, in right-handers, the left side of the brain dominates in the body, and in left-handers, the right side.

The right hemisphere processes information at once, it perceives the world vividly, colorfully, figuratively, holistically, and does not calculate it; it is responsible for emotions, intuitive abilities, the ability to synthesize, understand humor, is responsible for spatial and visual functions;

it is sensitive to intonation (while the left hemisphere is not able to distinguish shades of emotions in the voice), to facial expressions, it is musical. Given this characteristic, it is appropriate to recall the genius of left-handers, that is, those in which the right hemisphere dominates.

The percentage of giftedness among left-handed people is unusually high: Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon, Charlie Chaplin, Albert Einstein.

In music: Mozart, Beethoven.

In painting: Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Rubens.

Actors: Robert De Niro, Julia Robert, Bruce Willis, Tom Cruise, Sylvester Stallone.

Computer genius - Bill Gates.

It is advisable to determine the leading hand at 4-5 years old, because, starting from 16-20 weeks and up to 2 years, the child experiences a wave-like change in “handiness”. From 2 to 4 years old, the hands are practically equivalent and equally active, and most of the actions are performed with both hands. And only at the age of 4-5 years the child prefers one of the hands.

Lefties make up 10-17 percent of the world's population. There are about 15–18 million of them in Russia. And domestic army left-handers is increasing year by year - since public education left, finally, dissimilar students alone. The following is known for certain: among the children of right-handed parents, left-handed people make up about 2 percent, if one parent is right-handed - 17 percent, and for two left-handed parents - 46 percent. There are approximately 9-11 percent of left-handed children in the world, but in our country - almost 25 percent. This fact is explained by one unfortunate circumstance: a rare Russian mother gives birth without problems. Pathology in childbirth reaches 70 percent.

An increased number of left-handers is noted among twins. Statistically, the identical twin of a left-handed person has a 76% chance of being left-handed, the reasons for this being identified as partly genetic and partly environmental.

Among the population of South Asia, Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia, there are many more left-handers than in other ethnic groups around the world, while among the population of Western and Northern Europe, Africa - left-handers are much less common.

1.2 Data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science

Theories of the origin of left-handedness:

The asymmetry of the hands is explained by the asymmetry of other organs (Aristotle).

Mirror symmetry of the brain of a left-hander (V. Ogl, 1871)

Social theory of left-handedness. Left-handedness is the result of habit (S. Jackson, 1905).

Left-handedness is the result of emotional negativism (S. Freud).

Separation of functions between the left and right hemispheres of the brain (A.V. Semenovich, 1950)

1. A person can be "compensatory" left-handed due to some kind of brain damage, more often - his left hemisphere. The activity of the right hand is mainly regulated by the left hemisphere, and therefore, in the event of an injury (may be birth) or illness, the right hemisphere can take over the corresponding functions. Thus, the left hand becomes the leading one, that is, more active when performing everyday activities, and later, most often when writing.

2. Testosterone: According to neurologist Norman Geschwind, exposing a fetus to high doses of testosterone before birth can result in a left-handed baby. According to Norman Geschwind, testosterone affects the rate of prenatal growth of the hemispheres of the developing brain and is responsible for possible differences in the structure of the brain in men and women. The high content of testosterone during prenatal development, according to Geschwind, slows down the growth of the left hemisphere in the male fetus compared to the female one and contributes to the relatively greater development of the right hemisphere in males. 3. Ultrasound Theory: A popular theory that ultrasound examinations can affect the brains of unborn children. It is believed that this can cause the development of left-handedness. The theory has a very limited application (only in humans and only in developed countries in the last few decades) and cannot explain or predict anything.

4. The evolutionary theory of asymmetry by V. A. Geodakyan: right-handedness and left-handedness are not a pathology, but normal, adaptive phenotypes for a stable and changeable environment that regulate the behavioral plasticity of society. The embryo is dominated by the more ancient biological right hemisphere, which controls the left hand. AT best conditions intensive development of the left hemisphere leads to the fact that sooner or later it overtakes the right hemisphere and there is a complete translocation of the dominance of the hemispheres and hands, that is, left-handedness turns into trans-right-handedness (predominance of the left hemisphere of the right hand). Extreme conditions(ecological and psychological stress of the mother) create hypoxia that depresses the more sensitive left hemisphere of the embryo.

Archaeological evidence suggests that, after initially using both hands equally (symmetry), there was an asymmetry towards a preference for using the right hand.

5. In 2008, British scientists found the "left-handed gene." The LRRTM1 gene plays a key role in the formation of speech and emotions.

6. In 2012, Canadian researcher S. Koren found that those who prefer writing with the left hand are more often born in late marriages than young parents. From her point of view, the physiologically normal age for childbearing is 18-24 years. She made certain calculations, according to which 30-35-year-old parents of left-handers are born 25% more, 35-39-year-olds - already 69%, and 40-year-old fathers and mothers have a very close chance of having a left-handed child. to 100%.

Conclusion: to date, several theories of the causes of the development of left-handedness in science are known, but none has been proven with accuracy.

1.3 Positive and negative sides in the life of a left-hander

Positive sides

There is in the "left" and its pluses.

1. Forced to adapt to the "right-handed" world, left-handers of necessity develop both hands, while right-handers usually operate with one. That is why many left-handers have an advantage and achieve serious success in some sports. Left-handed tennis players, fencers, boxers, wrestlers do not like very much - it is inconvenient to compete with them.

2. Lefties are more likely to be geniuses - or have high IQs.

3. British scientist Chris McManus, in the book "Right Hand, Left Hand" proves that throughout human history, left-handers have achieved higher achievements than right-handers.

4. Left-handed men earn more money than right handed.

5. Lefties see better underwater.

6. As a general rule, left-handers are better at video games than right-handers.

7. Left-handers are easier to tolerate and recover from a stroke than right-handers. 8. Left-handed drivers are more successful at learning to drive than right-handers. 9. Succeed in sports.

AT recent times In the world, more special shops for left-handers or departments in ordinary stores began to appear, where you can buy everything for left-handed people - from knives and forks to golf sets, musical instruments and computer accessories.

Negative sides

Of course, certain difficulties will always go hand in hand with a lefty. The right-handed world will try to trip every time the left-hander reaches for something with a developed, left hand. You have to get used to, learn, adapt. Or look for an alternative - buy special items for left-handers.

1. Many things - from scissors, cameras and computers to sewing machines, machine guns and turnstiles in the subway - "sharpened" for right-handed people.

2. Left-handers are more likely to get injured on the job than right-handers.

3. Left-handers are much more likely to develop musculoskeletal disorders because tools and equipment are designed for those who are better at using their right hand.

4. Handwriting can be a big problem, because as a left-handed child learns to write, he often touches a line already written, thereby smearing the ink on the page.

Conclusion: positive aspects much more negative.

1.4 Retraining left-handers as it was, consequences

I was undeservedly offended and insulted precisely because my hand was not the main one,

And the first one who offended and insulted me was my mother. She herself, being left-handed, she beat me for it...

Actor Viktor Sukhorukov shares his memories.

It used to be considered: left-handedness is an anomaly, you need to get rid of it. Many endowed with this gift, parents and teachers tried to retrain in childhood. Until 1986, a special program for the retraining of left-handers worked in the USSR, starting with kindergarten. No one thought that the retraining of such children led to tragic consequences: their natural connections between the hemispheres of the brain were torn, neuroses and stress began. “I grieved, I suffered, I cried, I didn’t know what to do with it,” Sukhorukov admits in the film.

In the USSR, it was believed that left-handed children must be retrained so that they use only their right hand when writing. It was only years later that the negative consequences of forced transformation became noticeable and recognized, as a result of which, in 1986, the need to retrain left-handers was abolished at the legislative level.

Left-handed retraining is an unsuccessful attempt to remake the child's biological nature. He can be forced to write and eat with his right hand, but it is impossible to change the leading hemisphere of the brain.

As Soviet experience has shown, retraining leads to a significant deterioration in mental and physical health left-handed. This state is called « dextrastress » according to A.P. Chuprikov. Dextrastress is a painful psychophysiological stress experienced by a left-handed person under pressure from a right-handed environment.

In its most striking form, "dextrastress" manifests itself in the forced retraining of left-handed children and the prohibition to write with the left hand. Its consequence is the deterioration of the child's health: the appearance of various neurotic and neurosis-like conditions (depression, fears, nocturnal enuresis, stuttering, etc.), exacerbation of the hidden consequences of perinatal hypoxic encephalopathy - up to epilepsy.

In the process of forced relearning, the child becomes quick-tempered, capricious, irritable, sleeps restlessly, his appetite decreases. Later, more serious disorders appear: frequent headaches, constant lethargy. According to medical statistics, every third child with stuttering is a retrained left-hander.

Violations can appear both singly and in combination. In addition, retraining is fraught with the fact that the child will study poorly at school, and later at the institute.

A retrained left-handed person, who has forcibly adapted himself to the right type of motor behavior that is inconvenient for him, retains all the features in the sensory sphere and neuropsychic activity.

Today, there is no reasonable reason for teachers and parents to force children to change hands. Explanations offered range from "It's not nice to see a person write with their left hand" to "The world is made for right-handed people and my left-handed child will be in a losing position." All this is unconvincing, and these excuses often mask a common prejudice against left-handers - a prejudice that is now rapidly disappearing!

Conclusion: retraining causes irreparable damage to the health of the child.

2 Practical research

2.1 Identification of left-handers among students of school No. 18

A survey was conducted among students of school No. 18. The questionnaire is presented in Appendix A. The data of the survey results are presented in Figure 2.1

Figure 2.1 - The results of the survey among students of school No. 18

Conclusion: by conducting a survey among students of school No. 18, 2 left-handed children out of 74 were identified.

Data on the attitude of students and teachers to left-handedness are presented in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 - Attitude of students and teachers to left-handedness

Conclusion: 4 people consider left-handedness a deviation in development, 73 people - a common feature, 7 people - a genius.

In Appendix B, there are photographs in which a left-hander is recognized with the help of certain tasks: “Brush Castle”, “Napoleon's Pose”.

2.2 Comparative analysis of the performance of the same type of work between left-handed and right-handed people empirically

A) Knitting - it is easier for the right-hander to cope with the task, and for the left-hander the teacher could not pass on knitting skills.

B) Opening the door - the door is designed for the right-hander, it is convenient for the right-hander to open it, but not for the left-hander.

C) Using a spoon for cream - the spout of the spoon is arranged on the right, it is convenient for the right-hander, it is difficult for the left-hander to use.

D) Left-handed and right-handed sit at the same desk - they interfere with each other to write.

E) The left-hander, trying to write with his right hand, experiences discomfort and inconvenience, the handwriting is distorted.

Photos are presented in Appendix B.

2.3 Family tree of the left-handed family

In the section "Data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science", there is a theory that, in 2008, British scientists found the "left-handed gene". The LRRTM1 gene plays a key role in the formation of speech and emotions.

Based on the proposed theory, a genealogical tree of the left-handed family was compiled, where the transmission of the LRRTM1 gene is traced. Annex D

3 Left-handedness is not a pathology

3.1 Findings of the study

After analyzing the positive and negative aspects in the life of left-handers with the help of theory and practice, it was found that left-handedness has much more pluses than minuses. In the modern world, shops are open to purchase devices specifically for left-handers, left-handers are smoothly rebuilt to the right hand as needed, today left-handers are not exterminated, according to Figure 2.2. treated as a normal feature.

Having studied how left-handers were retrained in the USSR and what psychological and physical consequences this leads to, we can conclude: the difficulties that a left-hander has in the process of ongoing experiments do not justify the forced retraining of left-handed children.

Left-handedness is not a pathology and not a lack of development. Left-handedness is a very important individual feature of a person.

But why this happens, no one knows. And if you were born left-handed, then you automatically got into the list of mysteries of nature. And let a lot of trials fall on your lot, you are left-handed, which means you can handle it. The original facets of thinking are available to you, you look at everything from a special point of view. Your approach to any topic can be so unusual that right-handers will shake their heads in disbelief.

How to behave as parents of a left-handed child

Of course, it is important to always remember that the child's leading hand is the left. However, what you definitely should not do is:

Excessively remind him of left-handedness, highlighting his dissimilarity with most people - neither the child nor those around him should see anything abnormal in this. This attitude towards left-handedness is a direct path to low self-esteem and shyness.

Praise for left-handedness - the child may form the opinion that he stands out only because he is left-handed.

Each time to clarify whether it is convenient for him to hold objects - it is better to just be more observant, sometimes offer a solution or help, and always try to put yourself in the place of a left-handed child.

And of course, you should not retrain the child - this is a real "violence" on the baby's brain.

What activities are suitable for a left-handed child

Due to the fact that in a little left-handed person the leading hemisphere of the brain is the right, more creative, creative and imaginative, such children often show interest in various types Arts: Drawing, sculpting, dancing, and music can be great fun for your child.

Some note that all left-handers are united by inquisitiveness, the desire to know the structure of this world. This character trait helps in mastering natural sciences and those disciplines where their great sense of space can be applied: geography, geometry, and so on.

Well, do not forget about the harmonious physical development of a left-handed child. Sports such as running, boxing, tennis, gymnastics and game types sports are great for left-handed children.

Conclusion

In the first chapter, a definition of left-handedness is given, data on the causes of the development of left-handedness in science are studied. To date, several theories of the causes of the development of left-handedness in science are known, but none has been proven with accuracy. The positive and negative aspects in the life of left-handers are analyzed, the positive aspects are much more negative. The consequences of retraining left-handed people have been studied, retraining causes irreparable damage to the health of the child

In the second chapter, left-handers were identified among the students of school No. 18, by conducting a survey among the students of the school, 2 left-handed children out of 74 were identified.

A comparative analysis has been carried out, a genealogical tree of the left-handed family has been compiled.

In the third chapter, the results of the study of the work performed are shown, the answer to the question “Is it worth retraining a left-hander?” is given, recommendations are given to parents of left-handers.

Achieved goals and objectives of the work.

List of used literature

1 Bezrukikh M.M., Dubrovinskaya N.V., Farber D.A., Psychophysiology of the child. Psychophysiological foundations of children's valueology: M .: VLADOS, 2000, p. 144.

2 Burenkova E.V., Features of interpersonal relations of left-handed people. 2014 C 170.

3 Bragina N.N., Dobrokhotova T.A., Human functional asymmetries. 1998 C 240.

4 Roze N. D., Functional asymmetries. motor asymmetry. 1970, p. 361.

5 Chuprikov A.P., Identification of left-handedness and psychohygiene of left-handed children. // Guidelines, 2011, C 191.

6 Internet resource: http://www.gazeta.zn Left hand right

7 Internet resource: http://www.labirint.ru Recipe books and some goods for left-handers and about left-handers

8 Internet resource: http://www/leftorno.ru Left-Handed Shop

9 Internet resource: http://www.lefthandwriting.ru Stationery for left-handers, pens, pencils, rulers, erasers

Annex A

Annex B

left-hander detection

Annex B

Performing the same type of work right-handed and left-handed

door opening

Using a cream spoon

Left-handers write with their left hand, right-handers with their right

Lefty tries to write with right hand

Topic : I'm left-handed!

Our planet is huge. a lot on her amazing and beautiful. But most of all I am surprised by the person living on it. He lives for millions of years on earth, and still conceals a lot of the unknown and mysterious. One of the mysteries is left-handedness. The topic of left-handedness is very important and interesting for me, because i am left handed. Already at 8 months, my parents noticed that I I take objects with my left hand. I want to know why I'm not like everyone else? Therefore, the topic of research is extremely important for me.

The purpose of my work:

Prove that left-handedness is not a human flaw

Practical significance of the study

is that the relevant literature on the problem will be studied, conclusions drawn and recommendations given to attentive teachers and parents.

Research hypothesis:

Perhaps my parents made a mistake by not teaching me to write with my right hand?

Research objectives:

Why do people use the left and not the right hand?

What are the functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

What is the difference between the functioning of the brain in left-handed people and right-handed people?

How to teach such children?

Find out if there are objects, things for left-handed people?

Research methods:

Analysis of sources of information on the problem under study.

observation. Object of observation: students of the municipal educational institution Abatskaya secondary school No. 1

Testing students in grades 4, 1, children from kindergarten - a way to determine the leading hand.

Processing and analysis of the received data.

Throughout the development of mankind, people who differ from the majority in some individual characteristics, for example, left-handers, have aroused interest and surprise. However, the attitude towards left-handers was not the same in different countries ah and at different times, but, as a rule, had a touch of alertness and negativism.
In many languages, there is a negative attitude towards everything left, not excluding left-handers.
The Russian language also provides many examples of this kind. "Left product" - a product sold illegally, or a counterfeit, counterfeit product. Similarly, one can consider the meaning of the phrases "left income", "left money", "left way", etc. A similar coloring of the word "left" is also found in expressions that are not related to finance: "as the left "," stand on the left foot ", etc.
AT English language the word "left-handed" has the additional meanings "clumsy", "hypocritical", "sinister", "illegal". Similar connections can be traced in French, Italian, Spanish, German.
Given the connection between language and consciousness, one should hardly be surprised at the negative stereotypical perception of left-handers by the "right-handed" majority.
Fortunately, in our time, on the whole planet, the attitude towards various manifestations of individuality is changing. Now the phenomenon of left-handedness is being studied a lot, the results of this work make it possible to change the stereotypical perception of left-handers and even gradually develop methods for teaching them.

Why do lefties appear?

Scientists put forward the following hypothesis: in ancient times, people used their left and right hands equally. Everything changed when the man began to speak. The work of the brain is the reason why a person becomes left-handed or right-handed. It is known that the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body, and the right - the left. Human speech is connected with the work of the left hemisphere, therefore, the more the ability to speak developed in a person, the more significant the role played by speech in his life, the more the left hemisphere of his brain developed and became influential, and, accordingly, the right part of the body controlled by him. The right hemisphere gradually lagged behind the left in its development. This is why left-handers are often slower at speaking and reading, although they also have a number of advantages.
Slide 7

It would seem that the organization of brain activity in left-handers should be the same as in right-handers, but in a mirror image. But that's not the case at all! The left-hander is arranged and develops according to completely different laws.

In right-handers, the right and left hemispheres of the brain have their own functions and are in constant interaction. Information from the outside comes first to the right hemisphere, where it is recognized, “receives an image”, and then to the left, where it is concretized and named. The right hemisphere (in right-handers) is predominantly responsible for evaluating spatial relationships, imagination, holistic perception, evaluating rhythms, and simultaneously perceiving multiple stimuli.

The left hemisphere specializes in evaluating temporal relationships, concretizing verbal expressions, numbers, analytical sequential perception, abstract and generalized thinking. The right cerebral hemisphere is associated mainly with the sensitive sphere, and the left one is associated with the motor and speech sphere. The right hemisphere is responsible for the work of the left half of the body, and the left hemisphere is responsible for the work of the right half of the body. In most people, the "logical", left hemisphere dominates, and the energy, subcortical structures play an organizing role. Within the hemispheres, the components of mental functions are also quite clearly localized, for example, that the parietal zone of the left and right hemispheres is responsible for the spatial representations and spatial organization of mental functions, and the temporal region of the left hemisphere is responsible for understanding inverted speech.

In a left-handed person, both hemispheres, as a rule, are more autonomous in their work, interhemispheric interactions are formed much later than in a right-handed person. In everyday life, this manifests itself as follows: the child often does not hear the question addressed to him, often cannot explain the meaning of the word addressed to him. Often a "left-handed person" draws the wrong conclusions from a read story or interprets a life situation in a non-standard way.

If a left-handed child does not receive proper upbringing and development, he remains an “eternal child” in terms of his brain organization. Perhaps this is the reason for non-standard actions, naive judgments, and the life incapacity of some left-handed people? Plus, the left-handed person is dominated by the right, figurative, hemisphere. Hence - a rich imagination, fantasies and fears.

Causes of left-handedness

One of the most important issues that determine the approach to left-handers is the question of the causes of left-handedness. They may be different.
The most common so-called genetic leftism. Genetic left-handers may not have any developmental disorders, then it is considered simply an individual originality, a variant of normal development.
The second kind is compensatory"Leftness associated with any damage to the brain, more often its left hemisphere. In the event of any injury, illness at an early stage of a child's development, the right hemisphere can take over the corresponding functions. Thus, the left hand becomes the leading one, that is more active when performing household activities, and subsequently, most often when writing.

The third kind is forced Left-handedness. The choice of the leading hand in such left-handers is usually associated with an injury to the right hand, but may also be the result of imitation of relatives or friends.
Separately, it should be considered pseudo-left-handedness. By a certain age (finally, by about 5 years), in a child, one of the hemispheres is formed as dominant in relation to this hand (for example, in right-handers, the left hemisphere). But such a feature of the brain as prenatal leads to atypia mental development, which, in turn, does not allow the formation of either interhemispheric interaction or specialization of the hemispheres. Thus, the dominance of the right or left hemispheres in relation to the hand is not formed in children. Then pseudo-left-handedness is observed, or, which is more common, approximately equal use of both hands. Often, after several sessions under the guidance of psychologists, the child begins to write and draw with his right hand without any coercion.
In addition to all of the above, it is possible for children to develop the so-called " hidden leftism", i.e. the change of the dominant hemisphere. The moment of change is the critical period when the main functions of the central nervous system evenly distributed between the two hemispheres, after which the right hemisphere already begins to dominate. Such people can be conditionally called "mental" left-handers or "hidden" left-handers, in the sense that their signs of left-handedness are not associated with the dominance of the left hand.
Scientists believe that the category of "left-handed children" is not at all homogeneous, such children have individual characteristics, and the phenomenon of left-handedness needs to be studied.

Currently, there are several views on the natural abilities of left-handers compared to right-handers.
The first is based on the fact that indicators of behavior and neuropsychic activity in left-handers are worse than in right-handers.

The second approach affirms the equality of abilities of right-handers and left-handers.
According to the third approach, left-handers have higher rates of neuropsychic activity and greater adaptive capabilities than right-handers. This is justified by the fact that the left-hander constantly has to adapt to the "right-handed" world.

One of the next tasks of my research, which arose already in the course of work, is to determine through observation of children possible reasons reducing the number of left-handed children by the school period.

There are children who persistently use only the left or only the right hand when performing activities such as eating, playing, gesticulating. Other children are easily influenced, and, after a little confusion, can, imitating others, change the dominant hand. In this case, non-violent relearning takes place. Adults, without focusing on the personality of the child, tell the children: “Guys, take the spoon (pen, pencil) correctly” (while showing how to do it). A child, as a rule, imitates adults or peers. In such children, latent left-handedness is formed, which manifests itself only in exceptional cases (with excitement). In a normal situation, such children do not differ in behavior from right-handers. Apparently, this explains the phenomenon of a right-hander who does not know that he is left-handed from birth. I studied the family photo archive and found a lot of evidence that in early childhood I preferred the left hand (active actions and gestures with the left hand, the dominance of the left hand) And children with persistent left-handedness do not react to the example of others, they are capricious if they try to change the leading hand. These are persistent left-handers, who, as statistics show, are about 10%.

Leading hand definition

In addition, after testing among 5 children (the age of formation of a persistent preference for one or another hand) to determine the dominant hand according to the method of M.N. Knyazeva - V.Yu. Vildavsky, I got the following result: according to the test results in senior group kindergarten, from 40 to 50% of children completed the tasks of the test with their left hand. That is, among children there is a hidden left-handedness.

When testing in grade 1, the results showed that the number of children completing tasks has decreased. This is visible in the diagram.

Among my classmates, I also conducted a test to determine the leading hand in the activity. After processing the questionnaire data, I got the following results: 40% (8 people) of my classmates are ambidexters, that is, in everyday life they often use both hands as the leading one, 30% (6 people) use the left hand as the leading hand more often than the right . Whereas in the class there are only 2 students who are left-handed. This speaks of hidden left-handedness. One student of our class performed all the tasks of the test only with his left hand. He said that before school he did everything with his left hand. In the first grade, he began to write with his left hand, and then began to write with his right. He came to us in 3rd grade.

Comparing my letter and his, I came to the conclusion: I write well.

Perhaps, thanks to my relatives, who noticed my left-handedness in time and did not retrain me.

Although, as my teacher admitted, it was very difficult to teach me to write. And she told me that the problem of retraining in 1985 was solved. Now absolutely every teacher is firmly convinced of the dangers of retraining left-handed people, since there is a lot of evidence that forced retraining and a negative attitude towards left-handedness leads to neuropsychiatric disorders, adversely affects the health, development and school success of children. Doctors have calculated that every third child who stutters is an overtrained left-hander.

Therefore, on the basis of the above facts, we can conclude that children with implicitly identified left-handedness in some cases adapt to right-handedness. environment, which reduces the percentage of left-handers by school age, since a strong preference for the hand is formed by the age of 5 (pre-school period).

How does a left-handed person live in a right-handed world?

In our village, not a single store sells items for left-handed children.

If possible, I advise everyone who has such children to purchase special stationery for left-handers. In this case, your baby will not have to go to various tricks to adapt right-handed things to his left hand.

H for example, ball pen with special grooves for the correct fixation of fingers and quick-drying ink will make writing with your left hand very comfortable and convenient.

Left-handed scissors, thanks to the inverted blades, easily cut paper when working with the left hand, unlike conventional right-handed scissors, which, when used by left-handers, only bend and crumple it.

L a right-to-left ruler with a scale marking solves the problems that arise due to the uncomfortable movement of the hand from left to right, in which the scale of the ruler is closed by hand and the drawn line is smeared.

AT sharpener for left-handers, the blade is turned the other way.

If a child from the start schooling will enjoy special school supplies, then, most likely, he will not feel discomfort.

Even, it turns out, there are special recipes for left-handed children, which differ from the usual ones in that all samples are written on the right side in relation to the student to expand the visual zone. The writing of letters in them is accompanied by auxiliary signs - dots (where to start the letter) and arrows (the direction of the letter). Too bad I found out about this too late!

I learned from the INTERNET that a whole specific industry has been formed in the West, making the life of the “left minority” more comfortable and safer. For him, scissors and corkscrews are produced, acting “vice versa”, rulers with a scale located in the other direction, special computer “mice”, surgical supplies, sports goods, and even musical instruments.

In England, where, unlike Russia, the attitude towards left-handers has always been more attentive, there are only four specialized stationary stores for this category of buyers, so in Russia there are even fewer of them, moreover, in our country, most left-handers are passive as buyers.

Here are some online stores where you can buy left-handed products:

http://www.lefthandwriting.ru/stationery for left-handers, pens, pencils, rulers, erasers, etc.

http://www.levo.labms.ru/goods for left-handers, knives, corkscrews, copybooks, sets for schoolchildren

http://www.lefthandshop.ru/shop for left-handers

Most of humanity are right-handed. There are much fewer left-handers, according to researchers from different countries from 5 to 30%. It is noted that there are pronounced left-handers or right-handers, there are those who are most active with one or another hand, and there are ambidexters - people who are equally good at both limbs.

According to my research in our school, out of 406 students, there are only 21 children who write with their left hand. Of these, 16 people are engaged in "4" and "5". Therefore, we can conclude that left-handedness does not affect the quality of education.

Studying the literature on this issue, I was convinced that left-handers show higher creative abilities. Among left-handed people there is a clear confirmation of this:

commanders Alexander the Great, Napoleon, scientist I. P. Pavlov, artists Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, writer Lewis Carroll, actor Charlie Chaplin, finally, US President W. Clinton and many others.

As a result of my work on the project, I came to the following conclusions:

Left-handedness is an individual version of the norm. A tendency to act with one hand or another cannot be considered a deviation in development.

The most common causes of left-handedness are heredity and developmental pathology.

The preference for the dominant hand is finally determined by 5 years.

The factor of retraining the left-hander leads to the emergence of school neuroses.

The number of left-handed people decreases with age, as the aggressiveness of the right-handed environment forces the left-handers to adapt (non-violent relearning).

The implementation of an individual approach to the peculiarities of perception of the world of a left-handed child will reduce the problems of adaptation of a left-hander in a predominantly right-handed world.

My parents were right not to teach me how to write with my right hand!

I'm an A, I read over 180 words a minute, I'm in a dance club, music school, I participate in school Olympiads and win prizes.

The Earth has existed for millions of years. Much is changing on it: civilizations disappear and are reborn, humanity is on the path of progress - everything in it has become completely different. But still there is something imperishable, eternal, which was and will always be. People will always be born, live and die; and they will always go along the thorny path to their perfection, each time resolving the eternal problems of life, overcoming obstacles, suffering disasters and yet conquering big and small peaks.

The topic of my left-handedness also opened up for me, a lot of things became clear to me, I began to relate to myself in a completely different way.

List of used literature:

Semenovich A.V. "Those incredible left-handers." – M.; Genesis, 2007.

Deutsch G. "Left brain, right brain" - M .: Mir, 1987.

Airapetyants V.A. Left-handedness in children and adolescents. – M.: Nauka, 1987.

Bezrukikh M.M. "The left-handed child at school and at home". - St. Petersburg: U-Factoria, 2004.

Dobrokhotova T.A., Bragina N.N. Lefty. - M .: Book, 1994.

Makariev I. If your child is left-handed. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1995

Friday T.V. "Left-handedness as a norm of development" - M .: Aversef, 2007.

Attachment 1

Test for the definition of "handiness"

Pay attention to which hand the child holds a pen or pencil.

Sitting put one foot on the other. Which leg will be on top?

Interlace your fingers into a lock. If the finger of the right hand is on top - a sign of a right-hander, a left-hand sign of a left-hander.

Invite the child to clap their hands so that one hand is on top.

Cross your arms over your chest. Which arm's forearm will be on top?

Look into the paper tube with one eye. What eye will it be?

Brush hair. Which hand will the comb be in?

Appendix 2

Tips for parents

If the child is left-handed

"Shell curls with rare exceptions

folded from right to left. And if it comes across

a left-handed sink, connoisseurs value it worth its weight in gold."

Jules Bern

In the list of the most famous, although not always reliable, facts about left-handers, there are the following:

Lefties make up 20% of all talented people

They are more common among men than among women.

It is difficult to fence with lefties (boxing, playing tennis), while 40% of the gold medals in boxing were won by lefties

They often have speech disorders

The use of the left or right hand as a leader (the so-called "hand") is a reflection brain organization of human mental activity. It cannot be changed at one's discretion, since any intervention, especially at an early age, leads to unpredictable consequences, which, whatespecially dangerous, they may not appear immediately, but after a few years.

Advice 2. It is better to teach a left-hander to compare himself with himself.

Advice 3. Parents of a little left-hander need to make sure every time that a left-handed student has really learned new material(or found his own way of assimilation).

Tip 4. To teach a left-handed child to use a spoon, a needle, scissors, a brush, tie shoelaces, fasten buttons, etc., take his hands in yours and repeat the desired movement with him several times. Your task is to literally force the child's body to remember this or that operation, the relative position in each case of the fingers, toes, torso, head.

Advice 5. Give the lefty time to get to work, do not rush him if he cannot do several things at once.

Tip 6 During morning exercises offer exercises that involve both arms or legs (for example, imitation crawl swimming). Each exercise must be pre-worked on the individual components of the movements. Remember that fresh air and (physical exercise) are necessary for the full mental activity of the child.

Advice 7 Swimming is generally very useful, and for left-handed people with their coordination problems - especially. But, if there is no pool and gym nearby, it's not scary. Even such low-cost types of exercises as oculomotor exercises help (following a moving object with your eyes or independently - left, right, up, down, etc.). As they are mastered, they can be performed in combination with the movements of the muscles of the tongue: first, the tongue and eyes move in the same direction, then in the opposite direction.

Advice 8 To overcome speech difficulties with a child, you need to talk more, teaching him to choose the right words on his own, without "well, it's like him, it's understandable!". Textbook games such as "Cities", etc. are very useful.

Tip 9 Be aware of all his school assignments, carefully monitor their execution. When checking homework, avoid negative marks. Praise for everything, reward for following the schedule useful things: a book, a theater ticket, an educational game.

Tip 10 Give your child a room or part of it that will become his own territory. It is important that the desktop is placed so that the child sees a smooth wall in front of him, so that nothing distracts him. Simplicity, calm color and order will help him concentrate on his studies.

Tip 11 Organize in the non-working part of his habitat everything that is necessary for (fantasy and creativity, let the child express himself: if he draws well, put up a children's easel or hang a piece of drawing paper, if he writes poetry, get a special notebook for them. Seriously discuss his work with the child .Regularly inquire
his success in school. G

Tip 12 Start with self-discipline. Communication and living with unassembled people for a left-hander is unacceptable. Try to be consistent - if you allow slack older generation, junior stops working!

Appendix 3

I would like to draw the attention of teachers to the recommendations of A. Soboleva, since I cannot yet give advice to teachers.

Research work "I am left-handed"

Completed by a 1st grade student

Klyuchevskoy Ivan

Supervisor:

Chumak Tatyana Mikhailovna

Hypothesis : Left-handedness is not a pathology and not a lack of development, it is the norm

Purpose of the study : to study the problem of left-handedness and prove that left-handedness is an individual variant of the norm.

Tasks : 1. Study the literature on the problem of left-handedness.

2. Find out how many lefties are in our class.

3. Conduct a survey among students and teachers

4 Conduct experiments to establish hidden left-handedness among students in my class.

Subject of study : "left-handedness"

Object of study : primary school students

Work plan

• Study the literature on the topic
• Conduct a survey of teachers
• Conduct student surveys
• Submit the results of your work

• Lefty - A person who prefers to use the left hand instead of the right. People who are left-handed generally use their left hand much more than their right.
• Lefties make up 10-17 percent of the world's population. There are about 15–18 million of them in Russia. An increased number of left-handers is noted among twins.
• World Left-handers Day was established in 1992 and was first celebrated on August 13 at the initiative of the British Left-handers Club.

• The terms "left-handed" and "right-handed" apply not only to people, but also to animals.
• Yes, most cats are right-handed.
• But all polar bears - left-handers

Student survey

Questions to the subject

1. What hand do you write with?

right

any

2. With which hand do you throw a stone, a ball?

left

3. Which hand do you hold a racket for playing tennis, badminton?

4. Which hand do you cut paper with scissors?

5. With what hand do you insert the thread into the needle?

6. Which hand do you cut bread with?

7.Which hand do you brush?

8. Which hand do you hold the hammer with?

9. Which hand do you hold your toothbrush with?

10. Which hand do you unscrew the cap of the toothpaste tube?

Leading ear definition

Determining the dominant eye

• Leading eye left - in 4 people

• Leading ear left - in 4 people

• Leading eye right - in 23 students

• Leading ear right - 23 people

Based on the work I have done (a survey of a psychologist, testing among my classmates and a survey of school teachers) and having studied the scientific and fiction on this issue, I came to the conclusion that left-handedness cannot be considered a deviation in one direction or another. Left-handers are the same people as everyone else, only with a more developed right hemisphere. There are 4 left-handers in my class, which is 5%.