How nature is described. Phenological observations

Lesson literary reading

Description of nature (verbal landscape). Epithet.

under the program "Literary reading"

Learning objectives:

To get acquainted with visual means in a lyric poem;

· to develop the ability to analyze a lyrical poem, to understand the poet's intention, to find the author's methods of creating a verbal landscape;

To form the ability to consciously, competently, expressively read a lyrical poem.

Time spending : 2 quarter.

Age of students : Grade 3.

Number of hours: 2 hours.

Tutorial material: Grade 3, book 2, p. 50-51.

For work on creativity, you can use a portrait of the writer, as well as a small curriculum vitae about him.

TEACHER. Reading various works in textbooks and other books, you have often come across descriptions of nature. Remember what wonderful authors (writers and poets) are masters of verbal landscape. Name the authors whose descriptions of nature you remember!

TEACHER. Let's clarify what a verbal landscape is. Express your version and your neighbor. And then look at how the word landscape is defined in Reader's dictionary at the end of the textbook. Transfer this definition to your notebook.

Landscape- a description of nature, i.e. a verbal image of a phenomenon of reality by listing its characteristic features.

(In this case, a more detailed definition of the concept is given than in the textbook "Literary Reading". You can use it when working with children).

TEACHER. Today we will get acquainted with one of the poems of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. Get to know the text of the poem. When you read a work, think about the mood with which the author describes nature.

There is a note on the board: With which mood does the author talk about autumn? Describe author's mood!

leaf fall

Forest, like a painted tower,

Purple, gold, crimson,

Cheerful, colorful wall

It stands over a bright meadow.

Birches with yellow carving

Shine in blue azure,

Like towers, Christmas trees darken,

And between the maples they turn blue

Clearances in the sky, that windows.

The forest smells of oak and pine,

During the summer it dried up from the sun,

And autumn is a quiet widow

Today in an empty meadow

In the middle of a wide courtyard

Air web fabric

Shine like a net of silver.

Playing all day today

The last moth in the yard

And like a white petal

Freezes on the web

warmed by the warmth of the sun;

Today it's so bright all around

Such dead silence

In the forest and in the blue sky

What is possible in this silence

Hear the rustle of a leaf.

TEACHER. How often do you think mood changes? Find those fragments of the poem in which you would like change intonation while reading. Highlight these words and expressions in the text.

(Pupils take pencils and make selections in the text according to the proposed task.)

*** Fragments of the text in which there is a change of mood are highlighted. They are indicated in the poem itself in blue. This is how the 3rd grade students themselves suggest highlighting the lines.)

COMMENT. The poet surprisingly subtly feels the state of autumn nature. It creates a vivid, accurate picture of golden autumn. At the beginning (in 1 stanza) intonations sound admiration, sincere admiration this picture: there are so many colors here that you can’t take your eyes off!

Starting from stanza 2, the author writes out in detail every stroke of autumn. He is watching over autumn forest, and what his eyes see is imprinted in this stanza. The feeling of admiration for nature does not leave him here either. At the end of the stanza, the poem sounds more calmly, serenely, serenely , since the poet says that autumn is fully stepping into its possessions.

What is described in stanza 3 is happening in the present tense. The hero, who turns out to be an eyewitness to the autumn "events" (you can name them!), enjoys the colors of the transforming forest and the sounds that autumn gives him. This stanza has notes serenity, bliss, tranquility .

Finally, stanza 4, which echoes 1, loops the text. And again a poet with feeling admiration, even reverence describes nature, conveys his internal state. He is enchanted by the autumn forest, he is numb from the beauty and many bright colors of autumn.

TEACHER. In the previous lessons, you got acquainted with a new visual means of the language. (Students name a comparison, remember the purpose for which the authors use this tool to create an image). find comparisons in this poem. Highlight them in the text. Read the lines you found.

(Students take pencils and make selections in the text according to the proposed task. Then they read the fragments indicated in the text.)

Forest, like a painted tower,

Purple, gold, crimson,

Cheerful, colorful wall

It stands over a bright meadow.

Birches with yellow carving

Shine in blue azure,

Like towers, Christmas trees darken,

And between the maples they turn blue

Here and there in the foliage through

Clearances in the sky, that windows.

The forest smells of oak and pine,

During the summer it dried up from the sun,

And autumn is a quiet widow

He enters his motley tower.

Today in an empty meadow

In the middle of a wide courtyard

Air web fabric

Shine like a net of silver.

Playing all day today

The last moth in the yard

And like a white petal

Freezes on the web

warmed by the warmth of the sun;

Today it's so bright all around

Such dead silence

In the forest and in the blue sky

What is possible in this silence

Hear the rustle of a leaf.

Forest, like a painted tower,
Purple, gold, crimson,
Standing above the sunny meadow,
Enchanted by the silence...

COMMENT. In this poem, he masterfully uses comparisons to create an autumnal landscape. Students gradually, step by step, find each comparison and explain: what subject is being compared? On what basis is a comparison with another object made? For example: "Forest, like a painted tower ..." In this phrase, it is no coincidence that the autumn forest is compared with a tower.

Terem- the upper residential tier of the choir (Old Russian large residential buildings), built above the entrance hall). Terem is the brightest, upper part of the house, which could be seen from afar. Therefore, the autumn forest is compared with the tower on the grounds that its beauty catches the eye of a person. The autumn forest at the time of golden autumn, possessing all the colors, is truly a royal sight. They, like a tower, are admired, admired.

Students must explain the nature of the similarities of these objects, in the dialogue they clarify what is not entirely clear after the first reading.

TEACHER. Now find in 1 stanza the brightest definitions-features , with which the author describes autumn forest. Highlight them. Be sure to check yourself by consulting with the children and the teacher.

There is a note on the board: Find in 1 stanza definitions-features . For what purpose does the poet use them in the poem?

Forest, just a tower painted,

Lilac, gold, crimson,

Cheerful, colorful wall

It stands over a bright meadow.

COMMENT. The words painted, lilac, gold, crimson, cheerful, motley are signs that create vivid image autumn forest. Such definitions give the poem liveliness, emotionality, expressiveness.

In a student's speech elementary school adjectives are actively included, so the appeal to the new visual means of the language is epithet, highlighting it in the text, the ability to admire the exact, successfully found word becomes relevant and significant in the development of the emotional and speech sphere of the reader's personality.

TEACHER. Why Terem painted? Try to give your answer. (Students offer their versions. Then they discuss them.)

Listen to the answer given by another 3rd grader to this question. Discuss it with the guys in the group! Do you agree with the student's opinion?

(Students discuss the student's answer: provide evidence for their discussions.)

TEACHER. Now explain how you understand the meaning of each definition. To check yourself, refer to the explanatory dictionary.

What does "lilac" mean?

What does "crimson" mean?

What does the word "golden" mean?

Which question do all three words answer? painted, lilac, crimson?

(Students explain the meaning of words, answer questions.)

*** Painted - painted with a brush, painting, paints; motley.

Lilac - light purple, lilac; a mixture of colors of pink and blue, bluish, scarlet blue.

Crimson - purple, red.

TEACHER. In this poem, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin used a special pictorial tool - artistic definition(epithet). And the students of one third grade came up with a model that reflects the signs of the epithet. Are they right? Consider Epithet model and look into Reader's Dictionary.

*** Students express their opinions, transform the model, can make their own. Only it is better to do this at the beginning, before showing this model.

TEACHER. You got acquainted with a new pictorial tool - epithet. It helps the authors to create images of nature. Each of you now, I hope, will be able to create your own texts in which you will talk about nature, your attitude towards it. What is an epithet? Give your definition. Write it down in your notebook.

An epithet is an artistic, colorful definition that gives the text liveliness, emotionality, expressiveness.

Figurative means are means of language based on special methods of using the word, helping the author to create images in works.

A lyrical poem is a work that depicts the state of mind, the experiences of the hero, acquiring signs of an artistic image.

TEACHER. I think it's time for each of you to try to write creative work! Fill in the blanks in the story. Write in the words expressing your (author's) attitude to the events. Read your essay in class and discuss it with the children.

Very ____________________ story

The third day, as it is raining outside the window. He seems to be __________________, which at night ____________________________, and by night _______________ even more. ______________________nonstop.

On the first day, when _____________________ umbrellas appeared on the street, it seemed from the window that the street was _________________. It was _______________ and ______________ mood. And everyone's faces were such that you immediately think: "_____________________". A ___________________ rain ___________________. And now on the street _________________, as during _____________________. And ___________________ rain knocks and ________________.

TEACHER. What kind figurative means helped you complete this text? Give examples and explain your point of view.

Additional material for lessons on this topic

TEACHER. You know a wonderful poem about autumn "Falling Leaves". In it, the author created a vivid, unforgettable image of this time of year. I propose to turn to works of other types of art. These are picturesque paintings of artists who represent images of autumn nature. Consider them carefully!

3. Text about the genre of painting

Images in painting

open air(translated from French as "open air") is called natural landscapes created directly in nature. planer allows you to track changes environment in different time days, depending on the weather, light, season and find new artistic means expressions of various states of nature.

The picture of the morning summer nature looks quite bewitching and attractive to the human eye. The rising sun illuminates everything around with its gentle and warm rays.

Grass, bushes - all this is covered with transparent dew. Sometimes a light and transparent veil of fog hangs over everything. The fresh pre-dawn coolness is combined with occasional gusts of morning breeze. The sky is not yet shining with its usual blueness, but is temporarily covered with small white clouds, which will disperse immediately after the sun rises. There is still no choir of bird voices ringing with all the melodies, but only occasionally can be heard the cooing of early pigeons. Silence everywhere, almost no sounds.

But suddenly, the very first rays of the sun appear from behind the horizon line, and after a few minutes the sun regally rises to the sky and nature seems to come to life: you can immediately hear the songs of birds, gusts of wind, clouds disperse and a bright blue sky opens. The picture of morning nature is pleasing to any person and attracts his gaze with its magnificence.

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Summer is a wonderful time of the year. Long sunny days replaced by short warm nights. Most often there is clear weather, and endless blue sky extends overhead. The trees are lavishly dressed in bright green robes. Under them, grass grows thickly everywhere, dotted with colorful lights of summer flowers - poppies, bluebells, clover, tansy, chamomile, marigolds ... And above them butterflies flutter and all sorts of goosebumps buzz.

Summer decorates gardens and orchards. Juicy cherries ripen, followed by apricots and peaches. Large red strawberries lean low to the ground. Gradually

"burn" in the rays summer sun recently green tomatoes. Here and there cucumbers are tied on the arches. The tenacious thorny branches of the blackberry are completely dotted with sweet dark purple, almost black berries. And so everywhere - a riot of color, a feast of fertility, a pleasant feeling of warmth and comfort.

Summer has a wonderful sonorous voice - it is singing high in the sky or birds hidden in the branches of trees - the maestro nightingale, the morning lark, the cheerful chatterer-sparrow. And in the late afternoon, the music of summer changes - the chorus of crickets enters, which does not stop until the morning.

And even the rain in summer is warm and gentle. Under the tent of the low

The cloud of air becomes hot. Cool raindrops wash away dust from roads and foliage, making it sparkle with an even purer emerald glow.

Summer is bright, colorful… June is not like August, and July has something to please the eye. High clear sky, warm clear water of rivers, ripe fruits, saturated colors around... There is no person in the world who would not love summer!

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Essays on topics:

1. Summer is my favorite season of the year. Not because the longest holidays begin, but because it's warm. In the summer there is...
2. Night hid behind a magic cloud, and a pink morning descended on the earth. The sun is about to rise. Its rays are already lit on...
3. Here comes the spring. And with the advent of spring, all nature around is transformed. At first, the days increase, and the temperature gradually rises by ...

morning sun

Night hid behind a magic cloud, and a pink morning descended on the earth. The sun is about to rise. Its rays are already on the horizon. Everyone is waiting for the morning: plants, animals, people.

But why isn't it there yet? Maybe still sleeping sweet sleep? Or maybe it was in a quarrel with the earth and does not want to shine anymore? What now? And yet the east is gradually turning pink. Finally, as if from under a blanket, the sun rose above the horizon, majestic, beautiful.

A beam of water quickly illuminated the forest, the surrounding fields, and people's houses. sparkled green

Carpeted earth in its radiance. When a ray of sun touched my face, I woke up, smiled cheerfully at him, opened my eyes and joyfully met a new day.

Favorite time of year

Most of all I love spring. This, in my opinion, is the most beautiful time of the year.

In spring, everything on earth wakes up to a new life. The snow melts, young green grass appears. Leaves are blooming on trees and bushes. Come back to us in the spring migratory birds: starlings, rooks, storks. They begin to build nests, prepare housing for future chicks.

I love to watch spring nature. See how everything around is updated, decorated

After winter sleep. Streams sing merrily, feathered musicians glorify the arrival of spring in all voices. The air is filled with the fragrant smell of plants. Spring is a renewal in nature. That is why I love her.

Dawn

I love to meet the first flashes of the awakening of a new day. Long before the east, the sun announces its arrival. It colors the night sky with its rays, extinguishes the dawns.

I love to meet the sun, the play and the thrill of the morning flashes of its rays. First, a crimson red stripe appears on the horizon. Then it turns orange, pink, and then everything around was filled with the sun. And as if for the first time you see a green leaf, a tree that grows right up to my window, and a light fog over your hometown, which wakes up to a new day.

And now the dawn changes into a new day, filled with the worries of people's lives, and I hear a gentle: "Good morning, son!"

gold autumn

That's gone warm summer. Autumn has come. Imperceptibly she crept up to our gardens, fields, groves, forests. At the end of August, the trees began to take cover with yellow leaves, and now it was already shining in the sun, like gold. The trees stood in crimson, yellow leaves, which slowly fell to the ground. The ground was covered with colored leaves, as if walking on a beautiful carpet. I love to listen to the rustling of fallen leaves, to look at the magical autumn paintings on maple leaves. A short Indian summer flashed by, the cold began to blow, the feathered musicians fell silent. So it's time to say goodbye to the golden autumn.

Essay-description behind the painting by Ekaterina Belokur “Flowers behind the wattle fence”

In the picture of Ekaterina Belokur there are wonderful flowers against the background of a clear, serene sky. They can be divided into two bouquets. One, the near one, is in the shade, the second is more expressive, light, overshadowed by the sun's rays. There are few flowers: red, green, white, blue. But many intermediate colors are used.

I think the craftswoman loves nature very much, immensely in love with flowers. And there are many of them here. Pink mallow reach for the sun. A climbing birch trudged along a birch branch. Snow-white daisies and orange lilies, pink-red tulips and nasturtium with cherry veins on the petals captivate the eye.

The picture captivates with the harmony of colors and shapes, captures with beauty and craftsmanship.

If I were suddenly asked how to correctly describe nature in fics, and even in fantasy ones, I would shrug my shoulders in bewilderment. But to the question of how you describe her, mother, I would answer - like this, as I will write below. Therefore, I do not assume the importance of considering all options I will mention only those that I use. We must immediately take into account that there are few Prishvins and Paustovskys among us, not to mention the Turgenevs with their hunting notes, and yet nature does not have bad weather, but without nature, the fic clearly loses something. Let's think about why: 1) Yes, because we are all children of nature and live in it, even if there is no tree visible outside the window. After all, nature is everything: the sky, the sun and water, and our heroes always come into contact with them, relatives. 2) Because the description of nature is beautiful, if you choose the right epithets and, in general, be able to correctly look at the world around us. 3) Because with words we are trying to create a picture in the mind of the reader, and in this picture, as in a photograph, there is always a background - and in most cases - this is nature. 4) Because in fiction we are trying to reveal the feelings of the characters, and comparison with nature helps us to better convey experiences. Remember only from the literature lessons of poor Prince Bolkonsky with his oak tree! 5) And so on and so forth ... Each of us can write a certain number of points that are especially significant for him personally. And this is good. Means - the description of the nature is really necessary. I now turn to my understanding of the necessity of nature, namely where and when I include my descriptions. In order not to go far from the application, I will immediately describe the need for descriptions of nature in fantasy. In this genre, we introduce the reader to a fictional world and, like a child, explain our fantasy to him by means of comparison with the reality around us. Like, here we have a blue sky, and they have purple-pink, as if at sunset. The picture in the brain clicked - the passage was a success. Or we describe a world that is very similar to the one in which we live, then with descriptions of nature we confirm given fact. In general, nature in fantasy is necessary to immerse the reader in a new, unknown world. So, from here we immediately deduce a fad of a descriptive nature: 1) The description of nature creates a picture before our eyes, so it is important here not to spread our thoughts along the tree, but to immediately find the oak tree that is in the foreground in the picture. Here it is sometimes enough to describe the color of the sky, the number of trees in the background and the state of the grass on this moment. Non-Prisvin Reader from over detailed description tired. But a sophisticated reader can be killed right here on the spot by the richness of the language that opens in the descriptive part of nature - the gossamer trembled like a thin shawl on the girl’s shoulders ... Or better, like Yesenin’s - as if I galloped on a pink horse in the spring, echoing early ... Where did it come from pink horse, you ask? Yes, many critics at first believed that it was just for rhythm and rhyme, that is, a beautiful word, but it turned out that the white horse at dawn was really pink, but only the observant eye of the poet caught him and clothed him in words. Therefore, for good descriptions you need not only a rich language, but also observation - you can wander the streets and take pictures, or you can simply save your favorite photos of nature found on the Internet to an album, and then, like at school, write an essay from the picture. So, it's time to put an end to it, because you can talk about pictures forever. 2) The second point is very close to me - I try to enhance the drama of the narration by nature, that is, two types of comparisons go into work: - nature suffers or rejoices along with the hero. Like, according to Rosenbaum, "nature was saddened by rains." Here we will describe a gloomy sky and a gloomy face, raindrops flowing down the cheeks mixed with tears, and now the reader is crying with the hero, because nature itself sympathizes with him. - nature does not care, that is, the hero is crying, but they are laughing in the yard sunbeams. This is very appropriate when the heroes are not understood by the world - neither people nor nature cares about them. Yet sometimes the contrast also reveals the depth of the experience. Like, he would now be jumping with sparrows through the spring puddles, but he doesn’t even have the strength to lift his leg to step over this very puddle. 3) Point - reflective. The hero sits and looks at nature, like the same Prince Andrei. So I, too, became covered with a crust and tired of life - beautiful on top and rotten inside. Excellent - that's the place of action and the state of the hero. Well, something like this. Perhaps not quite what the author wanted, but I tried to write a drabble. If someone likes it, I will gladly develop each point. While that's the case, brainstorming on the topic of the application. Thanks everyone for reading! And good weather in your fics!