Brief description of nature. Speech development

Purpose: To get acquainted with the features of the construction of the text - descriptions, namely, the description of nature. Learn to express your own thoughts and feelings. Improve the skills of monologue speech through artistic description nature. Show the dependence of the choice of each content element, each micro-theme and language means on the topic and main idea of ​​the text; to form the ability to select elements of content and language tools artistic expressiveness of the disclosure of the topic; develop the ability to see the beauty in everyday pictures and describe your feelings in words; The development of students' aesthetic perception of the world, the ability to appreciate the beautiful in art, poetry, prose.

Equipment: illustrations of the paintings “Seasons”, musical recording by A.S. Griboyedov "Waltz" No. 2; P.I. Tchaikovsky "October", "June". "Explanatory Dictionary" of the Russian language Ozhegov, textbook.

Epigraph: The feeling of nature is innate, and every person has it. ( V. Peskov)

During the classes

Teacher: Nature has always excited writers, poets, artists, composers, it inspired them to new creations. (Poems about nature by A.S. Pushkin, S.A. Yesenin are heard). Announcement of the task of the lesson: after today's lesson, you should have such a consonance of “living words” so that each line of your composition “breathes with holy charm ”.

Making an entry in a notebook: number, topic

– What role do you think the description of nature plays in the works of writers and poets. (Answers of children).

- Guys, do you want to learn how to describe nature so that it also excites the reader.

The waltz of A.S. Griboyedov "Waltz" (No. 2).

- So, have you ever watched how the leaves fall off in the fall? (answers)

Have you ever noticed how a leaf flies away from a branch? Did you feel the lightness of rustling leaves walking along the alley, through the forest, in the garden?

Appeal to the epigraph. (parsing, meaning)

But a writer can, looking at nature, cover a whole space or corner, but express it in words, magical, enchanting. And in today's lesson, we will try to imbue with the same feelings and desires that K. Paustovsky experienced when creating a work about autumn nature “Yellow Light”. You and I must determine the topic and the main idea of ​​the text. (Text analysis, oral planning, writing key words in a notebook).

Thus, we have identified small themes (micro-themes) that make up the theme of the story “Yellow Light”.

- Can one of the parts be omitted? (for example, "Fire in the forest" ...). No. This means that all parts complement the picture of autumn in nature, all of them are subject to the disclosure of the theme: “Autumn in nature”. Did you notice when you read the text that you were in this forest? (Answers)

And this is because K. Paustovsky described nature in such a way, picked up such words, expressions. For example, not just - but a lot, abundance, apparently-invisibly, these are the words - decorations, coloring. And we need to protect this beauty, it is defenseless.

Showing the scene "Chamomile" Yakovlev.

But back to the topic of the lesson. With the help of words, you can prove your statement, convey a chain of successive events, formulate an idea about some object, phenomenon.

- What are the three types of speech (writing) I named? (reasoning, narration, description)

– The type of speech we are working with today? Where is the answer to the question? (description - in the topic of the lesson)

Writing in a notebook: type of speech - description

speech style - (What styles of speech do you know? What style of speech do we mainly use when describing?)

art

genre - sketch.

Remember what text styles you know? (answers). What are the parts of the story?

(1 - beginning; 2 - main part; 3 - ending: - decoding of parts). And when writing an essay, of course, we must adhere to this. The beauty of nature, a fairy tale, in crimson and gold, dressed forests - such a verbal image of autumn turned out to be the majority.

We will add a sound image to the verbal image.

Listen to two excerpts from "The Seasons" by Tchaikovsky(“June” and “October”). We determine which time of the year corresponds to which music. Why?

Physical education “Flower”

The flower was sleeping and suddenly woke up (sit down, gradually get up),
I didn't want to sleep anymore.
Flinched, looked back (turn right, left),
Soared up and flew (wave hands).

The text is in front of you. I ask you to find mistakes, i.e. arrange sentences sequentially (work with a dictionary - defining the meaning of the word “sequentially”).

And here I am in the forest. Winter. The forest stands as a dark wall. The sky above is blue - blue.

Somewhere in the depths of the forest, a woodpecker is knocking. The trees are covered with fluffy snow, it's good in the forest. Crossbills sit on the trees. Snow shimmers in the sun. (Work with text).

Recording key words. Remember, before you write, you need to study very well what you are going to write, you need to take a closer look, think about it, ask yourself, choose what single word as the writer would write. And, having written, we must feel nature with all the senses (hearing, touch, sight).

Exercise: write in a notebook words, phrases, sentences about nature outside the window that reflect your internal state, your perception, your feelings of this season. (3-4 minutes). Reading several works at the request of children.

Now read all the words you wrote during the lesson. . These are your reference words that you can use in your essay. Naturally, you should title your essay. Use verse lines. This will be your homework.

Write an essay describing common theme. This is a broad topic. Formulate possible narrow themes for sketching.

We remember: what is a sketch (it is a picture drawn with words).

For strong students (or everyone who wants to, those who understand how to cope with the work) I suggest writing an essay-sketch, the rest - an essay-description, an essay-narrative with the inclusion of a description. In the next lesson, when analyzing essays, we will have excellent material for determining the type of speech and the genre of written work. I wish you success. Summing up the lesson. Grading.

morning sun

Night hid behind a magic cloud, and a pink morning descended on the earth. The sun is about to rise. Its rays are already on the horizon. Everyone is waiting for the morning: plants, animals, people.

But why isn't it there yet? Maybe still sleeping sweet sleep? Or maybe it was in a quarrel with the earth and does not want to shine anymore? What now? And yet the east is gradually turning pink. Finally, as if from under a blanket, the sun rose above the horizon, majestic, beautiful.

A beam of water quickly illuminated the forest, the surrounding fields, and people's houses. sparkled green

Carpeted earth in its radiance. When a ray of sun touched my face, I woke up, smiled cheerfully at him, opened my eyes and joyfully met a new day.

Favorite time of year

Most of all I love spring. This, in my opinion, is the most beautiful time of the year.

In spring, everything on earth wakes up to a new life. The snow melts, young green grass appears. Leaves are blooming on trees and bushes. Come back to us in the spring migratory birds: starlings, rooks, storks. They begin to build nests, prepare housing for future chicks.

I love to watch spring nature. See how everything around is updated, decorated

After winter sleep. Streams sing merrily, feathered musicians glorify the arrival of spring in all voices. The air is filled with the fragrant smell of plants. Spring is a renewal in nature. That is why I love her.

Dawn

I love to meet the first flashes of the awakening of a new day. Long before the east, the sun announces its arrival. It colors the night sky with its rays, extinguishes the dawns.

I love to meet the sun, the play and the thrill of the morning flashes of its rays. First, a crimson red stripe appears on the horizon. Then it turns orange, pink, and then everything around was filled with the sun. And as if for the first time you see a green leaf, a tree that grows right up to my window, and a light fog over your hometown, which wakes up to a new day.

And now the dawn changes into a new day, filled with the worries of people's lives, and I hear a gentle: "Good morning, son!"

gold autumn

That's gone warm summer. Autumn has come. Imperceptibly she crept up to our gardens, fields, groves, forests. At the end of August, the trees began to take cover with yellow leaves, and now it was already shining in the sun, like gold. The trees stood in crimson, yellow leaves, which slowly fell to the ground. The ground was covered with colored leaves, as if walking on a beautiful carpet. I love to listen to the rustling of fallen leaves, to look at the magical autumn paintings on maple leaves. A short Indian summer flashed by, the cold began to blow, the feathered musicians fell silent. So it's time to say goodbye to the golden autumn.

Essay-description behind the painting by Ekaterina Belokur “Flowers behind the wattle fence”

In the picture of Ekaterina Belokur there are wonderful flowers against the background of a clear, serene sky. They can be divided into two bouquets. One, the near one, is in the shade, the second is more expressive, light, overshadowed by the sun's rays. There are few flowers: red, green, white, blue. But many intermediate colors are used.

I think the craftswoman loves nature very much, immensely in love with flowers. And there are many of them here. Pink mallow reach for the sun. A climbing birch trudged along a birch branch. Snow-white daisies and orange lilies, pink-red tulips and nasturtium with cherry veins on the petals captivate the eye.

The picture captivates with the harmony of colors and shapes, captures with beauty and craftsmanship.

If I were suddenly asked how to correctly describe nature in fics, and even in fantasy ones, I would shrug my shoulders in bewilderment. But to the question of how you describe her, mother, I would answer - like this, as I will write below. Therefore, I do not assume the importance of considering all options I will mention only those that I use. We must immediately take into account that there are few Prishvins and Paustovskys among us, not to mention the Turgenevs with their hunting notes, and yet nature does not have bad weather, but without nature, the fic clearly loses something. Let's think about why: 1) Yes, because we are all children of nature and live in it, even if there is no tree visible outside the window. After all, nature is everything: the sky, the sun and water, and our heroes always come into contact with them, relatives. 2) Because the description of nature is beautiful, if you choose the right epithets and, in general, be able to correctly look at the world around us. 3) Because with words we are trying to create a picture in the mind of the reader, and in this picture, as in a photograph, there is always a background - and in most cases - this is nature. 4) Because in fiction we are trying to reveal the feelings of the characters, and comparison with nature helps us to better convey experiences. Remember only from the literature lessons of poor Prince Bolkonsky with his oak tree! 5) And so on and so forth ... Each of us can write a certain number of points that are especially significant for him personally. And this is good. Means - the description of the nature is really necessary. I now turn to my understanding of the necessity of nature, namely where and when I include my descriptions. In order not to go far from the application, I will immediately describe the need for descriptions of nature in fantasy. In this genre, we introduce the reader to a fictional world and, like a child, explain our fantasy to him by means of comparison with the reality around us. Like, here we have a blue sky, and they have purple-pink, as if at sunset. The picture in the brain clicked - the passage was a success. Or we describe a world that is very similar to the one in which we live, then with descriptions of nature we confirm given fact. In general, nature in fantasy is necessary to immerse the reader in a new, unknown world. So, from here we immediately deduce a fad of a descriptive nature: 1) The description of nature creates a picture before our eyes, so it is important here not to spread our thoughts along the tree, but to immediately find the oak tree that is in the foreground in the picture. Here it is sometimes enough to describe the color of the sky, the number of trees in the background and the state of the grass on this moment. Non-Prisvin Reader from over detailed description tired. But a sophisticated reader can be killed right here on the spot by the richness of the language that opens in the descriptive part of nature - the gossamer trembled like a thin shawl on the girl’s shoulders ... Or better, like Yesenin’s - as if I galloped on a pink horse in the spring, echoing early ... Where did it come from pink horse, you ask? Yes, many critics at first believed that it was just for rhythm and rhyme, that is, a beautiful word, but it turned out that the white horse at dawn was really pink, but only the observant eye of the poet caught him and clothed him in words. Therefore, for good descriptions you need not only a rich language, but also observation - you can wander the streets and take pictures, or you can simply save your favorite photos of nature found on the Internet to an album, and then, like at school, write an essay from the picture. So, it's time to put an end to it, because you can talk about pictures forever. 2) The second point is very close to me - I try to enhance the drama of the narration by nature, that is, two types of comparisons go into work: - nature suffers or rejoices along with the hero. Like, according to Rosenbaum, "nature was saddened by rains." Here we will describe a gloomy sky and a gloomy face, raindrops flowing down the cheeks mixed with tears, and now the reader is crying with the hero, because nature itself sympathizes with him. - nature does not care, that is, the hero is crying, but they are laughing in the yard sunbeams. This is very appropriate when the heroes are not understood by the world - neither people nor nature cares about them. Yet sometimes the contrast also reveals the depth of the experience. Like, he would now be jumping with sparrows through the spring puddles, but he doesn’t even have the strength to lift his leg to step over this very puddle. 3) Point - reflective. The hero sits and looks at nature, like the same Prince Andrei. So I, too, became covered with a crust and tired of life - beautiful on top and rotten inside. Excellent - that's the place of action and the state of the hero. Well, something like this. Perhaps not quite what the author wanted, but I tried to write a drabble. If someone likes it, I will gladly develop each point. While that's the case, brainstorming on the topic of the application. Thanks everyone for reading! And good weather in your fics!

Music for happiness - gentle guitar

The first chord is light, a breath of wind, fingers barely touch the strings. A vanishingly quiet sound, E minor, simpler and there is nothing ...
The first snowflake is light, translucent, carried by an almost imperceptible wind. She is a harbinger of snowfall, a scout who first descended to the ground ...

The second chord - the fingers of the left hand are deftly rearranged, the right hand confidently and gently leads along the strings. Down, down, up is simple and gives the simplest sound. Not a blizzard or a storm is being prepared - just a snowfall. There can be nothing complicated in it. Snowflakes begin to fly more often - the advanced detachments of the main forces, sparkling ice stars.

Then the chords replace each other more viscous and affectionately, so that the ear almost does not notice the transition from one sound to another. A transition that always sounds harsh. Instead of a fight - bust. Eight. The intro is played and even if it's not an instrumental that sounds triumphant and joyful during a summer downpour or viscous and bewitching in a snowstorm, even if it's just chords put together, the music surprisingly suits the snow outside the window, the white butterflies of winter, the icy tiny stars that all dance, dance their dance in the night sky...

Singing is woven into the music - quiet, the words are indistinguishable, elude perception, interfere with the snowfall and the measured, natural beating of the heart. A clear rhythm and calm power sound in them. There is no end to the song, it just gently intertwines with the dance of snowflakes and quietly leaves, leaving the sky and snow alone...
Cold and darkness hide sounds and movements, reconcile the city with winter...

And the Lord of the Snowfall, having played his part on one of the roofs, gently puts away his guitar, domineering over the elements, into the case. There is snow on his shoulders and on his hair, red cheerful sparks flash and go out - snowflakes reflect the light of distant lights. There is light in the windows of the house opposite. There are people who do not know how to weave the lace of the elements...

The staircase is the usual staircase of a nine-story building. Doors, an elevator always occupied by someone, the dim light of a light bulb on the landing ... The Lord of Snowfall walks, holding his guitar, quietly and slowly stepping up the stairs. From the ninth floor to the first, carefully so as not to disturb the warm feeling of relaxed, trusting happiness that comes every time after a game is completed...
And the habitually evil question of the mother who opened the door:
When will you stop playing your games and finally start thinking?
It hits an open soul like a knife. The soft snowy wings given by the fulfillment of the present are breaking, and only misunderstanding and resentment remain.
Why does she hit the sickest person? For what?..

At night, a wild wind blew through the city, mixed with snow. He broke branches of trees, tore wires, covered roads ...
It was the Snowfall Lord's guitar again.

How to describe nature, like the classics?

Written on this subject study guides, monographs, articles that provide examples, talk in detail about the language means, techniques, ways of depicting nature in literature, but the authors continue to ask the question. Why? Because in practice it is not so easy to understand, but HOW does it all work?

In my opinion, a “step-by-step” comparison, which I will resort to in my article, can help.

I must say right away that writers, like artists, can be portrait painters, battle painters, landscape painters, from landscape painters - marine painters, etc. Conditionally, of course.

Perhaps you are good at battle scenes, then you should not get hung up on landscape descriptions, it is quite possible to get by with accurate and understandable characteristics: “the sky darkened”, “it started to rain”, “sunny morning” and so on. With a few strokes indicate the time of year, time of day, place of action, weather and watch them change as the story progresses. As a rule, this is enough for the reader to understand what, where and under what circumstances is happening.

If you want the landscape to be not just a background, but a “speaking” background, a special character of the work (perhaps the main one), which can play a special role and take special place in the plot, then, of course, you need to learn from the classics.

I want to offer you a study game, you will understand the principle and then you can do a step-by-step comparison yourself.

So, we have three small excerpts from the stories of famous landscape writers - Turgenev, Prishvin, Paustovsky.

The passages have three important things in common:

1. The story is told from the 1st person.

2. The same theme: the autumn morning begins.

3. All or some attributes of autumn: a feature of light, sky, leaf fall, breeze, birds.

Let's just read them carefully. As you read, you can note something special, in your opinion, for each author.

№ 1

I was sitting in a birch grove in autumn, about half of September. From the very morning a fine rain fell, replaced at times by warm sunshine; the weather was erratic. The sky was now all clouded over with loose white clouds, then it suddenly cleared in places for an instant, and then from behind the parted clouds a azure appeared, clear and tender, like a beautiful eye. I sat and looked around and listened. The leaves rustled a little over my head; one could tell from their noise what season it was then. It was not the cheerful, laughing thrill of spring, not the soft whispering, not the long talk of summer, not the timid and cold babble of late autumn, but barely audible, drowsy chatter. A light wind blew a little over the tops. The inside of the grove, damp from the rain, was constantly changing, depending on whether the sun shone or was covered by a cloud; she would then light up all over, as if suddenly everything in her smiled: the thin trunks of not too frequent birches suddenly took on a delicate reflection of white silk, the small leaves lying on the ground suddenly became full of color and lit up with pure gold, and the beautiful stems of tall curly ferns, already painted in their autumn color , similar to the color of overripe grapes, they shone through, endlessly confused and intersecting before my eyes; then all of a sudden everything turned a little blue again: bright colors instantly extinguished, the birch trees stood all white, without shine, white, like freshly fallen snow, which the coldly playing beam had not yet touched winter sun; and furtively, slyly, the tiniest rain began to sow and whisper through the forest. The foliage on the birch trees was still almost all green, although it had noticeably turned pale; only in some places stood alone, young, all red or all gold, and one had to see how she flashed brightly in the sun when its rays suddenly made their way, sliding and variegated, through a frequent network of thin branches that had just been washed away by the sparkling rain. Not a single bird was heard: everyone took shelter and fell silent; only occasionally did the mocking voice of the tit tinkle like a steel bell.

№ 2

Leaf after leaf falls from the linden onto the roof, which leaf flies like a parachute, which moth, which cog. And meanwhile, little by little, the day opens its eyes, and the wind lifts all the leaves from the roof, and they fly to the river somewhere along with migratory birds. Here you stand on the shore, alone, put your hand to your heart and fly somewhere with your soul, along with the birds and leaves. And so it is sad, and so good, and you whisper softly: - Fly, fly!

It takes so long for the day to wake up that by the time the sun comes out, we've already had dinner. We rejoice in good warm day, but we are no longer waiting for a flying cobweb Indian summer: everyone scattered, and the cranes are about to fly, and there are geese, rooks - and everything will end.

№ 3

I woke up on a gray morning. The room was filled with a steady yellow light, as if from a kerosene lamp. The light came from below, from the window, and illuminated the log ceiling most brightly.

The strange light, dim and motionless, was unlike the sun. It was shining autumn leaves. During the windy and long night, the garden shed dry leaves, they lay in noisy piles on the ground and spread a dull glow. From this radiance, the faces of people seemed tanned, and the pages of the books on the table seemed to be covered with a layer of wax.

This is how autumn began. For me, it came right away this morning. Until then, I hardly noticed it: there was still no smell of rotten leaves in the garden, the water in the lakes did not turn green, and the burning hoarfrost did not yet lie in the morning on the plank roof.

Autumn has come suddenly. This is how a feeling of happiness comes from the most inconspicuous things - from a distant steamboat whistle on the Oka River or from a random smile.

Autumn came by surprise and took possession of the land - gardens and rivers, forests and air, fields and birds. Everything immediately became autumnal.

Every morning in the garden, as on an island, migratory birds gathered. Whistling, screeching and croaking, there was a commotion in the branches. Only during the day it was quiet in the garden: restless birds flew south.

The leaf fall has begun. Leaves fell day and night. They then flew obliquely in the wind, then lay down vertically in the damp grass. The forests were drizzling with a rain of falling leaves. This rain has been going on for weeks. Only towards the end of September the copses were exposed, and through the thicket of trees the blue distance of the compressed fields became visible.

Surely you have noticed interesting comparisons, vivid epithets, something else ...

Note that although the descriptions are in 1st person, the narrators are fulfilling their task. Compare:

it good reception, not only to understand - from what person you need to write - but also to set the author's task for the narrator in order to convey the idea.

For some reason, many people believe that there is no special idea in the description of nature, except for the transfer of nature itself, but our example shows that it does not just exist, but should be, which distinguishes one text from another.

Epithets, comparisons, etc. are a must. It is widely believed that the autumn landscape, its colors should be conveyed by "color" epithets, imitating Pushkin's "forests dressed in crimson and gold."

But what about the classics? And they have this:

How so? In Paustovsky, colors do not play a special role at all, although the color is included in the title. Prishvin does not have them at all. Even in Turgenev, where the hero is a contemplative and must convey all beauty, color is mentioned only ten times, and out of ten white is four times, color conveys action twice, one is expressed by a noun, two are very conditional, and only “red” does not cause any doubt.

At the same time, the reader clearly feels and "sees" all the colors of autumn.

Each classic has its own reception.

Turgenev loves "cross-cutting" indirect and direct comparisons:

● "...because of the parted clouds, azure appeared, clear and gentle, like a beautiful eye."

● "... thin trunks of not too frequent birches suddenly took on a gentle reflection of white silk ..."

● "...beautiful stalks of tall curly ferns, already painted in their autumn color, similar to the color of overripe grapes, could be seen through, endlessly confused and intersecting before my eyes..."

In Paustovsky, direct comparisons often bring the object closer to the subject, that is, the attribute of autumn to the attributes of human life:

● "The room was filled with a steady yellow light, as if from a kerosene lamp."

● "From this radiance, people's faces seemed tanned, and the pages of books on the table seemed to be covered with a layer of wax."

However, for Paustovsky it is more important to show the suddenness of what is happening, the unexpected happiness of the autumn space, as a new horizon for a person.

Prishvin, on the other hand, chooses a certain “center”, “core”, around which the picture of the autumn morning is formed. In this passage, it is "flight". Words with the same root sound nine times, not being a tautology at all, but drawing, creating a pattern of autumn fast time.

Let's look at other, familiar to everyone, autumn attributes of the classics. You will see that the above techniques are repeated here.

The classics see the same thing that all people see in autumn, they always take this general (even standard), but convey it in their own way.

You can, of course, not use the general, but then be prepared for the fact that not all readers will perceive your autumn, if they recognize it at all.

However, if everything was limited only to this, we would not recognize the author by style.

Style is made by special features (there may be several), which are repeated from story to story, loved by the authors, filled with a special meaning - this is already a talent.

In Paustovsky, these are constructions with “not”, you yourself can calculate how many particles and prefixes “not” in the text: “The strange light - dim and motionless - was unlike the sun.”

Another oxymoron: "burning frost."

And, of course, contrasts: leaf fall / rain, the arrival of autumn / unexpected happiness, etc.

For Prishvin, this is an internal dialogue, a fusion of nature and man: “... put your hand to your heart and fly somewhere with your soul, along with birds and leaves.”

“Speaking” details, personifications: “flying cobweb of summer”, “day opens eyes”, leaf “flies like a parachute” ...

Turgenev has a “matryoshka” technique, when images are layered and create a picture:

1) The foliage is still green... → 2) it has turned pale somewhere... → 3) one of them is an autumn tree... → 4) it flares up from the beam... etc.

Even Turgenev often uses the “shifter” technique unpredictably, but accurately.

Here it is expressed by comparison: “... the birch trees were all white, without shine, white, like freshly fallen snow, to which the coldly playing ray of the winter sun had not yet touched ...”

And here, with an aptly found word: “The foliage on the birches was still almost all green, although it had noticeably turned pale; just stood alone somewhere young, all red or all gold, and it was necessary to see how it flashed brightly in the sun ... ”, - many would say this about a spring birch, and here about an autumn one - young, radiant.

So let's sum it up:

1. If you need nature only as a background, mark the time of year, time of day, place of action, weather conditions with a few strokes and follow their changes as the story progresses.

2. It is important not only to understand from what person nature should be written, but also to set the author's task for the narrator in order to convey only his own idea.

3. It is important to know the attributes, a general idea of ​​autumn, but to convey them using observational methods, associations, linguistic means, filling the images with your own vision and meaning.

4. The choice of the “center”, “core”, around which the picture of nature unfolds, helps.

5. Nothing human is alien to anything and no one - the landscape too. Do not be afraid of man in the description of nature.

6. Look for your chips, do not forget about them, immediately write down the words, phrases that suddenly came to mind when you were walking in the forest.

7. Read, without it - in any way!

Of course, there are a great many techniques and ways to convey nature in a work. We have considered only three passages. The ability to see a beautiful comparison, epithet, personification in a book, appreciate it, admire it is good, but not enough. It is also important to learn how to compare, explore and, on this basis, look for your own. Good luck.

© Almond 2015