International organizations ha. International Maritime and Aviation Organizations International Aviation Commission

Almost a detective story! And, it seems, with the continuation ... In November 2015, the government of the Russian Federation decided to redistribute the functions of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) between the Ministry of Transport, the Federal Air Transport Agency and the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

According to this decision, the functions to determine the procedure for certification of international and commercial airports, types of aircraft and a number of other important aviation systems were transferred to the Ministry of Transport. The process of certification and verification of certification requirements should be carried out by specialists from the Federal Air Transport Agency. The Ministry of Industry and Trade received the authority to certify enterprises related to the production of aircraft. And an incomprehensible fuss began.

The pressure on the IAC began when, as part of the development of the Federal Law-253 of July 21, 2014, amendments were made to Art. 8 of the Air Code of the Russian Federation in terms of empowering the Federal Air Transport Agency to issue permits to developers and manufacturers of civil aircraft.

Without logic

Since the initiators of the changes did not imagine how the “innovations” would start working in practice, with the adoption of this law, the previously existing government documents, according to which the MAK performed the functions of an authorized body for certification of developers and manufacturers in the Russian Federation, were not canceled or changed. And the Aviation Register of the IAC continued to work in all directions. The final start to the previously adopted decisions was given in November 2015.

According to aviation experts, the situation unfolding around the IAC has no logic. After all, the entire contractual base with EASA, FAA and ICAO hangs on it. When transferring the functions of the Federal Air Transport Agency, all of it "flies", not only in Russia, but throughout the entire aviation space former USSR. The IAC is the regulator of the entire post-Soviet space and acts on behalf of all former parts of the Union in the external aviation sector. Even Ukraine, which, in defiance of Russia (by the way, it was under Viktor Yanukovych) introduced its own register system, then, having come to its senses, did not begin to break ties with the IAC. Having started the process of creating a national register, she ran into the impossibility of creating an external contractual and legal base in the global aviation space, which the IAC has.

Drawn certificates

At the end of 2015, the head of the government of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev, made the final decision on the actual liquidation of this institution. It should be noted that Mr. Medvedev has long disliked MAK. After the crash of the Yak-42 aircraft in Yaroslavl, it can be said that Medvedev stopped the operation of this type of aircraft. POPPY considers: the equipment was in order, but there are questions about the work of the Federal Air Transport Agency. I remember that then the testing of flight schools began, they caught someone on fictitious diplomas and false certificates. But the matter was hushed up.

In connection with this disaster, Alexander Neradko, head of the Federal Air Transport Agency, supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, launched an attack on the MAK. Minister Denis Manturov has his own interest. He repeatedly tried to push through the IAC the issuance of a developer and manufacturer certificate for the Russian Helicopters JSC (VR) he created. And I regularly received an answer: for certification in accordance with AP-21, it is required to prepare Required documents(including real material production). But BP is a bureaucratic superstructure of about 800 people. She is an ordinary shareholder of a number of helicopter assets, each of which has its own production certificates.

and/or development aviation technology, does not have it on its balance sheet. After several attempts to persuade the leadership of the MAC, Manturov, apparently, began to “draw” certificates from the Ministry of Industry and Trade himself. But it’s just that no one outside of Russia still recognizes them. However, this does not prevent companies from selling them at a reasonable price, receiving fees for "certification".

What will destruction lead to?

The interest in the “overclocking” of the MAK was also federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (FSVTS), which, together with BP, came up with its own system of external "military certification" of repair enterprises. Although it seems that this is a completely illegal act, since in other countries military trade and repair services are regulated in the same way as in the Russian Federation, at the level of special national regulators.

Thus, it turns out that the group of persons interested in the liquidation of the IAC is Denis Manturov (Minister of Industry and Trade), the leadership of the FSMTC and Alexander Neradko (Rosaviatsiya), and headed it on behalf of Dmitry Medvedev Arkady Dvorkovich. This group organized the “collision” with the MAK.

Undoubtedly, in many areas there are questions about the activities of the IAC and its leader, Tatyana Anodina. But this cannot be the reason for the destruction of the whole interstate institution, on which the entire contractual base on aviation issues rests. The destruction of the IAC will entail the collapse of the entire external contractual base, not only for the Russian Federation, but also for the countries of the former USSR.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade switched the arrows

Against the background of the desire of the Russian authorities to integrate the states of the former Soviet Union into a single system, the collapse of the IAC (a ready-made integrator of the aviation space) looks like the absence of any elementary state logic.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade, having faced big problems in matters of reorganization, has already switched the arrows to the Federal Air Transport Agency. And Russia sent out official notification notes that the functions of the IAC are being transferred to the Federal Air Transport Agency. But not a single one received a positive response.

The organizers of the destruction of the MAK did not attach importance to the fact that aviation security issues are not regulated by notification. There is a bilateral principle of recognition of qualifications and other attributes of this direction.

The US and the EU have aligned their positions for eight years, and this is with a completely favorable attitude. No one knows how many Alexander Neradko will join them in the current conditions of Russia's confrontation with the West.

To create a contractual framework with EASA, it is necessary to sign an intergovernmental agreement with the European Commission. But this is a big problem, because if at least one EU state is against it, then Russia will not see such an agreement.

And before it's too late, this process must be urgently stopped. Since the decision to transfer the functions previously performed by the IAC to the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation, the proper execution of the powers assigned to the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Federal Air Transport Agency in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 28, 2015 No. 1283 has not been organized.

In a high risk area

Russian aviation industry is in a zone of high risk of zeroing the export potential for civil aviation products (SSJ, MS-21 programs, Mi-172, Mi-171A1, Ka-32A11BC helicopters, etc.) at least throughout the entire period of work on the recognition of the new system certification. Considering that in modern world exists high level competition in the aviation sector, it can be assumed that the reformatting of aviation regulation will be used by external competitors both in the global market and to obtain preferences within Russia in exchange for even partial recognition of the new certification system.

To get out of this situation, it would be useful to cancel earlier decisions made and return to the already created system based on the IAC, carry out a change of leadership within the framework of Russian law in this organization. And also to convene the Council on Aviation and the Use of Airspace. Approve a new candidate for the post of chairman. Adopt updated rules of procedure for the work of the Council. But the professional competence of the new leader must be recognized by ICAO and other international aviation structures. Lawyers and "effective managers" will not be accepted there.

The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) is the executive body of 11 states of the former USSR (Commonwealth of Independent States) for functions and powers delegated by states in the field of civil aviation and the use of airspace.

The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is the European Union agency for the regulation and enforcement of civil aviation safety tasks.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the central authority government controlled USA in the field of civil aviation.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that establishes international norms civil aviation and coordinating its development in order to improve safety and efficiency.

The Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (FSMTC of Russia) is the federal executive body of Russia, exercising control and supervision in the field of military-technical cooperation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

On Thursday, November 5, the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) recommended suspending the operation of Boeing 737 Classic and Next Generation aircraft. The reason is the non-compliance of these liners with safety standards due to possible failure elevator control systems. On the same day, the Federal Air Transport Agency announced that they would give the document a go only after consultation with representatives of the IAC, which was to be held on Friday, November 6.

AiF.ru tells what the MAK does and what powers it has.

What is MAC?

The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) is the executive body of 11 CIS states in the field of civil aviation and the use of airspace. It was established on the basis of the intergovernmental "Agreement on Civil Aviation and the Use of Airspace" signed on December 30, 1991.

The parties to the agreement are:

• Azerbaijan,
• Armenia,
• Belarus,
• Kazakhstan,
• Kyrgyzstan,
• Moldova,
• Russia,
• Tajikistan,
• Turkmenistan,
• Uzbekistan,
• Ukraine.

The headquarters of the IAC is located in Moscow at the address: st. Bolshaya Ordynka, 22/2/1.

What does the organization do?

The IAC is engaged in the certification of aircraft, airfields and airlines and participates in the investigation of accidents in air transport. The organization performs technical work on decoding data from flight recorders, is engaged in the restoration of the course of events and provides an expert assessment. The final conclusion about the causes of disasters and guilt is made by the investigating authorities of the Russian Federation.

The tasks of the MAC also include:

Development and formation of the structure of unified aviation rules and procedures in the field of civil aviation and the use of airspace in the CIS region and their compliance with the aviation rules of the world aviation communities;

Creation and maintenance of the unified certification system for aviation equipment and its production, its harmonization with other international systems;

Creation of a professional independent body for the investigation of aviation accidents, providing an objective investigation of aviation accidents not only in the territories of the states of the Commonwealth, but also beyond their borders;

Protection for the CIS countries of the air transport services market through interstate agreements and agreed regulations in the field of tariffs and mutual settlements;

Coordinating the interaction of authorized bodies in emergency situations and in zones of local military conflicts on the territory of the states parties to the agreement;

The fight against unlawful interference in the activities of civil aviation. Development international cooperation with states and international civil aviation organizations.

The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) was established on a contractual basis on December 30, 1991. It is included in the ICAO Register of International Intergovernmental Organizations and registered in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

IAC is an intergovernmental organization sovereign states region of Eastern Europe who joined the Agreement on Civil Aviation and on the Use of Airspace, which was signed in Minsk (Republic of Belarus). As of the end

2005, 12 states are parties to the Agreement: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Georgia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, The Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Republic of Uzbekistan and Ukraine. Two states - the Republic of Latvia and the Republic of Estonia - have the status of observers.

In accordance with the powers delegated by the founding states, the IAC is designed to serve the achievement of the goals of a unified policy and coordination of activities in the field of airspace use, airspace management air traffic certification of aircraft, airfields and equipment, investigation of aviation accidents, ensuring the unification of the Aviation Rules systems, development of a coordinated policy in the field of air transport, coordination of the development and implementation of interstate scientific and technical programs. Since the degree of delegation of powers of the IAC by the founding states is not the same, the nature of their participation in the activities of the IAC has significant differences.

The main activities of the MAC are:

development and formation of the structure of unified Aviation rules and procedures in the field of civil aviation and the use of airspace in the CIS region, as well as their harmonization with the Aviation Rules recognized by the World Aviation Community;

creation and maintenance of the unified certification system for aviation equipment and its production, its harmonization with other international systems;

preservation for the CIS member states of a professional independent body for the investigation of aviation accidents, which ensures an objective investigation of aviation accidents not only in the territories of the Commonwealth states, but also beyond their borders;

protection for the CIS countries of the market of air transport services through interstate agreements and agreed regulations in the field of tariffs and mutual settlements;

coordinating the interaction of authorized bodies in emergency situations and in zones of local military conflicts on the territory of the states - parties to the Agreement;

the fight against unlawful interference in the activities of civil aviation;

development of international cooperation with the states and international organizations of civil aviation in order to integrate the states-participants of the Agreement into the world aviation community.

Often in news feeds, on news sites, the abbreviation MAK flashes in connection with aviation topics, as well as investigations of major air crashes. Let's try to understand the activities and purpose of this department, what it does, what powers it has.

The official website of the International Aviation Committee positions its work as a service to achieve the safety and systematic development of civil aviation, as well as to increase effective use aviation space of all states that have become participants in this program.

History of creation. Development process

Created at the end of 1991 between 12 independent states former USSR, on the basis of a special agreement, the interstate aviation committee began to monitor and control compliance with the following standards:

• unified aviation rules;
• a unified certification system for the use, as well as the production of airliners;
• airworthiness standards;
• assessment of the category of aerodromes, their equipment;
• independent investigation of air crashes and accidents;
• organization together with the coordination of airspace development and management.

In the summer of 1992, the IAC Aviation Committee was included in the list of intergovernmental organizations, which confirms its activities as consistent with all international and national laws of the participating countries.

A sign on the MAK building

Main participating countries

To date, included interstate committee consists of eleven states. Here is their list:

1. Armenia;
2. Kyrgyzstan;
3. Kazakhstan;
4. Azerbaijan;
5. Belarus;
6. Russia;
7. Moldova;
8. Uzbekistan;
9. Turkmenistan;
10. Tajikistan;
11. Ukraine.

The main activities of the Committee

Of course, with such a vast territory covered by the participating countries, the activities of the committee are very diverse. Let's dwell on its main directions.

Carrying out certification of production of aviation equipment

To ensure safety and airworthiness, a normative base for stage-by-stage certification, adapted to many international standards.

It is according to it that not only aircraft and aircraft engines of the participating countries, but also their elements are certified. Upon completion of this procedure, single certificate, valid and recognized in the territory of these countries, but also in the following states:

• Canada;
• Iran;
• India;
• China;
• the European Union;
• Brazil;
• Egypt;
• Mexico;
• Indonesia and others.

Assessment and certification of aerodromes and their equipment

The established base of rules, approved by all countries that are members of the interstate committee, allows it to issue certificates for all types of airfields accepted throughout the territory of this structure.

Conducting independent investigations

The IAC conducts an investigation of air crashes when they occur with all airliners of the participating countries, not only on their territory, but also outside it. The main principle is the independence of the research, as recommended in international practice.

Coordinating the development of civil aviation

The formation and implementation of interstate policy, the creation of economic interest, affordable competitive ability is the most significant part MAC work. This includes the following areas of cooperation:

• training of high-level specialists;
• development of tariff policy;
• simplification of customs procedures;
• interaction in emergency situations;
• aviation medicine;
• countering aviation terrorism and more.

Headquarters building in Moscow

Restriction of activities and deprivation of many powers

For more than 23 years, he has been conducting an international aviation accident investigation committee, certifying airliners, airfields and airlines. But after certain circumstances, at the end of 2015, by order of the Government of Russia, almost all certification activities were transferred to the Ministry of Transport and the Federal Air Transport Agency, and the IAC was deprived of its powers. Despite this, the Committee continues its work.

Reasons for distrust

One of the areas of work of the IAC was the investigation of aviation accidents. It was the distrust of the results of these investigations that caused the limitation and redistribution of the committee's powers between other structures. Russian aviation. Let's consider some of them.

1997, route Irkutsk-Fanrang

After takeoff, the plane fell on a residential area, and the reason was the failure of three out of four engines at once. The IAC cited airliner overload as the main cause, along with pilot error. He also carried out the certification of this vessel a little earlier. Experts agree that the main reason for the fall is a malfunction of the engines.

Tu-154M on the Crimean Peninsula

In the fall of 2001, during joint military exercises on the Crimean peninsula, a Ukrainian missile shot down a plane of Siberia Airlines. Despite the conclusions of the IAC, the Kyiv court rejected the carrier's claim for damages, appealing to their unreliability. As a result, financial issues have not been resolved to date.

IAC showed how recorders decipher

Route Yerevan - Sochi 2006

More than 120 people died in the crash of an Armavia airliner over the Black Sea. The Interstate Committee points out the inadequate actions of the pilots as the main reason. Experts also point to the absence in the report of the committee of information about the quality of the meteorological equipment of the airfield, which could be the main cause of this disaster.

Flight from Poland 2010

A government plane from Warsaw crashed in Smolensk with 96 passengers on board. Despite the participation of foreign experts in the investigation, the IAC in its final report points out the incorrect actions of the pilots and their insufficient training as the main cause of the disaster. The Polish group, together with other experts, point out the technical shortcomings of the Severny airfield in Smolensk.

The main claims to MAC

In his book, test pilot V. Gerasimov highlights a number of main complaints about the work of the interstate committee in the investigation of air crashes, which became the main reasons for limiting this activity:

• delaying the investigation, up to several years;
• the certification of ships and the investigation of the causes of the crash by the same organization leads to unreliability and inefficiency of the conclusions;
• the affiliation of an authorized person may lead to a conflict of interest;
• diplomatic status does not make it possible to hold the committee staff accountable for violations committed during the ongoing investigation.

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