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Modern summer residents tend to use various new items on their plots, allowing you to get an excellent harvest of almost any crop. The most popular now are various types of greenhouses made of polycarbonate, and others. modern materials with excellent characteristics. Further in the article will be considered available for erection by one's own hands.

Kinds

All greenhouses can be divided by shape into several main types:

arched;
gable;
lean-to;
polygonal;
drop-shaped.

There is still a large number of various designs, however, the forms of greenhouses presented above are the most common. Let's take a closer look at each type.

Arched

The design feature of this system is the shape of the roof in the form of an arch or arc. This shape of the roof allows snow to easily roll off its surface.

Here are the main advantages of such a system:

good resistance to wind load;
large scope, due to the ability to make a frame of almost any size;
ease of transportation and installation at a new location;
less material consumption for construction;
good light transmission.

There are also disadvantages to this design:

the complexity of arranging ventilation, on rounded surfaces it is almost impossible to make a window for ventilation;
in such a greenhouse it is impossible to grow tall vegetable crops, since the roof begins to round quite low from the soil surface.

gable

This design got its name due to the presence of 2 slopes, the junction of which closes the ridge. In its form, it resembles an ordinary house.

Advantages of this design:

a large usable area, thanks to which high crops can be easily grown in it;
ease of arrangement of ventilation;
good light transmission ability.

There are also disadvantages to this design:

the complexity of the design and self-assembly;
the complexity of sealing;
high consumption of material and, accordingly, high price.

Shed

Such a greenhouse is carried out directly near one of the walls of the house. In practice, it is one half of the gable system.

This design is used quite often and has the following advantages:

low material consumption;
good thermal insulation, due to the adjoining to the wall of the house;
simplicity of design and installation.

However, the disadvantages of such a design are quite serious:

low degree of illumination, the presence of a blank wall prevents the penetration of the required amount of sunlight;
high probability of damage to the roof from snow or ice. The owners of this design must check the condition of the roof after each heavy snowfall.

Polygonal

Such systems are not built very often, although they have fairly good characteristics.

Among the main advantages it should be noted:

good light transmission ability. At least one of the faces will always face the sun;
beautiful appearance, which will decorate almost any area;
high resistance to wind and hail.

Among the minuses it should be noted:

complexity of design and installation;
difficulty in organizing uniform heating air mass, but the application modern technologies ventilation will solve this problem.

teardrop-shaped

The drop-shaped greenhouse is an unusual design that combines all the advantages of a gable and arched system.

Main advantages:

durable construction;
snow does not linger on the roof surface;
good light transmission ability;

The disadvantages of this design are:

design complexity;
installation complexity.

Differences

Despite the general purpose, all types of polycarbonate greenhouses differ from each other.

Type

They can be:

collapsible;
stationary.

Stationary blocks appeared a long time ago. Structurally, they are a metal frame with a coating on the foundation. Many summer residents prefer just such a design, due to reliability and durability, ease of use.

Appeared not very long ago, about 15 years have passed since their appearance. They are based on a lightweight, collapsible frame, which is quite within the power to assemble on your own. Such a system can be easily transferred to any place.

By appointment

According to their purpose, all greenhouses can be divided into the following types:

floral;
distributing;
vegetable;
seedlings.

Note! One or another type of structure should be chosen based on its specific purpose. Otherwise, you may receive an inappropriate technical parameters greenhouse and as a result - a poor harvest.

By service life

According to this parameter, all greenhouses can be divided into:

spring;
winter.

Spring are used from the beginning of spring to the end of autumn, and can be used all year round. In winter, powerful heaters are usually installed that allow you to grow plants and greenery all year round.

Example

Installation instructions for a collapsible factory-made greenhouse:

choose the place carefully. It is desirable that this be a free space flooded with sunlight;
if necessary, level the platform under the base;

Note! The stage of leveling the base for the greenhouse should be approached very seriously, otherwise the frame will warp, polycarbonate sheets may be deformed from this.

we make a foundation, it is possible from a bar. This step will double the life of your greenhouse. The foundation is best done, even if the instructions describe installation without it;
we assemble the end side, while connecting the upper element with the side racks;
we fix all the elements with self-tapping screws;
we fix the end part on the foundation with the help of clamps;
we attach horizontal jumpers to the end part;

Note! Jumpers should be fixed using the building level, strictly in one line, so that the rigidity of the structure is sufficient for operation.

install arcs;
fix the arch to the foundation;
using this method we collect all the arches and side slats;
we stretch all the fasteners;
install door frames and vents;
we cover the frame with polycarbonate, fixing it with special screws;

remove the protective film from the top of the carbonate;
sew up the ends and doors;
the greenhouse is ready.

Conclusion

From this article, you learned what types of polycarbonate greenhouses are, and their main advantages and disadvantages. All these designs differ from each other not only in shape, but also in characteristics, which type to choose is up to you. In the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

As a rule, landing is made in the spring, but you need to take care of the conditions, in particular, we are talking about protection from low temperatures. Especially when it comes to vegetables.

Greenhouses and greenhouses do an excellent job with this task. How to make it from almost improvised materials and see below.

How is a greenhouse different from a greenhouse?

Before delving into the question of how to make a greenhouse, let's decide what is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse:

The greenhouse is used for growing seedlings and further planting in open beds, while plants can be in the greenhouse all year round;
The required temperature level in the greenhouse is maintained due to the presence of compost or manure in the soil, while in the greenhouse there is an additional, third-party heating source;
It is possible to grow trees in a greenhouse, but this cannot be done in a greenhouse.

What are greenhouses?

A greenhouse can be stationary or portable (a photo of a greenhouse in the country is presented below).

A stationary greenhouse can have all kinds of shapes, the most common model is a butterfly (it got its name due to the doors opening on both sides).

Portable more often in the form of a tunnel. The main material in both cases is a polymer film.

From all this it follows that it is quite possible to make a greenhouse with your own hands, it is the same creative process, as well as growing cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.

Material selection

Before considering how to make a greenhouse with your own hands, let's deal with the issue of choosing a material.

When choosing a material, it must be borne in mind that it must meet the following requirements:

Good throughput Sveta;
Resistance to various kinds of deformations, with strong gusts of wind, for example;
Easy to install and assemble the whole structure;
Durability.

As for the materials used, the cheapest, and most importantly practical, is the film, and here are its types:

polyethylene;
stabilized film;
polyvinyl chloride.

Covering materials include:

agril;
lutrasil.

In order to finally decide and understand which material is preferable, it is necessary to compare them, and consider the pros and cons of each.

Glass

The advantages of glass include: it transmits approximately 94% of the light, serves for a long time, retains heat.

Cons: gets very hot summer period, heavy load on the main frame.

Film

The advantages of this material include: low cost, little weight you don't need a foundation.

Note!

By cons: fragility, difficult to wash.

Polycarbonate

Pros: transmits light well, high level thermal insulation, lightweight and durable.

What to use to make a frame for a greenhouse

The frame is a kind of basis for a greenhouse, most often it is made of wood or plastic, less often of metal pipes.

wooden frame

The main plus is its environmental friendliness. It is also worth noting that it is very simple in terms of installation.

For installation, you will need the following tools: a hammer, a screwdriver, a saw, nails, rubber as a sealing element, wooden bars, a ruler.

Note!

It is advisable to cover the wooden elements of the future structure with drying oil before the installation process.

Execution sequence

First of all, a beam is attached to the mortgage mount, which will then become the base. Then the main beam is placed around the perimeter of the foundation, and temporarily everything is fastened with nails.

Side and corner beams are fastened with a bar diagonally. The door frame is installed to the side pillars. The cornice is attached to the top of the side and corner beams.

Roof

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe points where the vertical beams are fixed, it is necessary to remove a beam, the length of which is 2 m. The roof beams must be fixed at an angle equal to 30 degrees, they are connected to each other by a beam. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe end points, they must be supported by vertical guides.

The final fixing of the roof frame is done with the help of corners and strips on self-tapping screws.

Note!

Doorway

The door frame is attached first. Do not forget in the middle and upper part of the opening is fixed with special stiffeners.

Application of metal pipes

A greenhouse, as mentioned above, can be made from metal pipes, and also with your own hands. This design is more durable.

You will need: a welding machine, a hammer, a grinder, a special nozzle for working with metal (disk).

The pipe is divided into two identical parts. Tees are welded to the edges of the base pipe, crosses are welded every half a meter. The cut off elements must be welded to the crosses.

Special tees are attached to the arc to secure the door pillar.

Covering the greenhouse

After the frame is ready, you can start covering.

Film

The easiest material to use is film. It is necessary to cover the entire structure, leaving a margin of 15 cm, and then cut off.

Polycarbonate

The front side of polycarbonate, the one where the picture is shown. First you need to cut the sheets. Seal the cuts from above with sealing tape, perforated from below.

First, polycarbonate is attached from above, then on the sides. Mounted on the frame with a special profile, as well as rubber gaskets.

At the end, a seal and door fittings are installed.

Ventilation

In greenhouses, in order to create ventilation (ventilation), you just need to open the doors, but it is advisable to do this in warm weather.

Greenhouse irreplaceable thing for a gardener who is going to harvest a large crop of tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables in the future, having approached the design wisely and following all the instructions, everything will definitely work out.

DIY greenhouse photo

There are a lot of options for organizing protected ground, but which greenhouse design will be the best in a particular case - here you need to figure it out properly. Each farmer with imagination can improve the classic version and invent his own greenhouse in this way, but if you do not take into account the basic requirements and do not take into account the calculations of professionals, the early harvest may be in jeopardy.

The main types of greenhouses by design

traditional arch shape

Greenhouses differ from each other in shape, size, foundation, frame and coating materials. To choose the best option for yourself, you need to consider all existing species greenhouses and their designs. The difference lies not only in functionality, but also in ease of installation, cost and compactness. Only after evaluating all these parameters, you can proceed to the choice.

Greenhouse-arch - simplicity of design and installation

The most popular and easy-to-use option is an arched greenhouse, which is a light frame of several arches connected by transverse elements. This type is economical, since the semi-circular shape can significantly save the coating material.

A small arch covered with a film

The versatility of this type of greenhouse lies in the fact that it is equally good as in a mini format for suburban area, and in the industrial version for growing vegetables in large volumes. The design is considered one of the most reliable and durable. The main advantages of the greenhouse-arch:

the ability to add or remove any number of sections;
snow does not linger on the surface;
you can assemble an arch greenhouse with your own hands without complicated calculations;
low cost of materials.

This type of greenhouses also has disadvantages, which should not be forgotten either:

it is impossible to use glass;
the space inside is not always possible to use rationally.

The arched design does not allow placing racks or shelves on the walls. The height of the room is not the same, which makes it impossible to grow plants of the same height throughout the area.

It is best suited for low to medium crops. In this case, the entire heated volume is not used. Thus, this type of greenhouse requires high heating costs.

Large arched greenhouse

For ventilation, arched greenhouses use the front door, and in large buildings, additional ventilation windows and transoms are installed. If the frame and cover are made of lightweight materials, and the greenhouse itself is not very large, you can do without a stationary foundation during installation.

At the ends of the arches, long bars of reinforcement are installed, which are attached to the ground. Larger greenhouses require mandatory installation on the foundation.

Single slope or adjoining construction

For home use, it is advisable to build greenhouses adjacent to another building. Another popular and simple greenhouse design is a shed. Such a model can be built near the house or any outbuilding. Shed greenhouse is one inclined plane adjacent to the supporting wall. Thanks to this support, the cost of the greenhouse frame is significantly reduced.

Location next to a brick wall

Another advantage of a shed design is thermal insulation. Brick, wooden, concrete wall - it does not matter. In any case, the thermal insulation properties of the wall material are better than those of polyethylene film or glass. Thus, much less heat is lost in the heated adjoining greenhouse.

The disadvantages of a single-sided design are as follows:

insufficient illumination;
by virtue of design features, snow often accumulates on the roof, which can damage the coating.

The main problem is low light. During construction, it is necessary to take into account the location of the building relative to the cardinal points. It is unacceptable to build an adjoining greenhouse on the north side of the building.

Greenhouse-house - vertical walls and a gable roof

A greenhouse with vertical walls and a gable roof is popularly called a "house". The design consists of two side rectangular walls and two end - pentagonal. The roof is made of two inclined planes.

Classic "house" made of polycarbonate

The advantages of this configuration:

a significantly larger usable area compared to a gable greenhouse;
ease of placement of utility racks and shelves on vertical walls;
ease of ventilation (in vertical walls it is very easy to place windows and vents).

The main disadvantage of this design is the complexity of installation. To build such a greenhouse, you will have to make a detailed calculation. The base is not very wide, therefore, in the absence of a foundation, the structure will not be sufficiently stable.

A large number of joints suggests poor sealing. Because of this, cracks and, as a result, drafts can form. In order to prevent such miscalculations, you need to take the drawing of the greenhouse with all responsibility.

Dutch greenhouse - a kind of gable "house". The difference lies in the fact that the walls in such a model are not strictly vertical, but are located at a slight slope. Such modernization significantly increases the stability of this greenhouse design.

Dutch industrial greenhouse

Among the disadvantages is the difficulty of mounting shelves on sloping walls. However, if we take into account the fact that the configuration has better light transmission, this small disadvantage can be neglected.

A solution to the problem of a gable greenhouse is the use of planters. Since the standard gable design has a height of more than 2.5 m, it is very convenient to hang planters with plants at the top.

Mini greenhouses - ideal greenhouses for seedlings

At home, mini-greenhouses are most often used - greenhouses. They can be different shapes and are made from different materials. You can see greenhouses covered with glazed window frames, which can be found in the household of any summer resident.

Miniature greenhouses are placed not only on the site, but also in rooms, well-lit basements and even on the balcony. It is not necessary to heat such a greenhouse. Its main function is to prolong the growing season of plants. That is, fruiting begins a few weeks earlier, and ends later.

There are several popular varieties of mini greenhouse designs. For example, a pyramid greenhouse is a pyramid with a square at the base. There is even an opinion that this form contributes to the concentration of positive cosmic energy with all the ensuing consequences for the crop. Whether this is true or not is not known for sure, but the pyramid looks quite impressive.

Rectangular pyramid for better harvest

Cloche - a glass greenhouse structure, consisting of two panels. It is mobile and moves around the site, depending on which plant needs protection in this moment. Greenhouse effect in this version it is not very pronounced, but protection from the wind is provided. And this is also important for young sprouts.

Most often, mini-greenhouses are a box of edged boards, which is covered with a transparent material or a glazed frame. This type is convenient in that it can be placed anywhere on the site and even removed for the winter in the utility room.

Mini greenhouse for giving

Underground or underground structure

It is known that in winter the ground freezes slowly. At an air temperature of ±1°C, the soil temperature at a depth of 1 meter is about 10°C. In the greenhouse device, one cannot fail to take advantage of such a natural bonus. For construction, you must first dig a hole, with a depth of 1 to 1.5 m, and install a transparent coating on top.

Thermos greenhouse on the site

One of the options for a buried greenhouse is an improved design - a thermos greenhouse, which provides even greater indoor temperature and illumination even in cloudy weather. For a thermos greenhouse, it is necessary to arrange a reinforced concrete foundation. The coating is often two-layer. Inside, the walls are covered with reflective paint or other material that acts as a collector of solar energy.

The disadvantage of this variety is that it is difficult to organize proper drainage in the underground part.

A large buried greenhouse is built for quite a long time due to the need to dig a pit. In addition, you will have to take care of the steps at the entrance, waterproofing and pest protection, which implies additional costs.

Complex advanced greenhouses

Considering the designs of greenhouses and their types, one cannot fail to mention such outstanding developments as the American greenhouse according to Mitlider, the Ivanov solar vegetable garden or the dome-shaped greenhouse. These ideas were at one time simply innovative and served as an impetus for the development of farming and Agriculture generally.

Unusual greenhouse designs

American greenhouse - J. Mitlider's work

The main problem of overall greenhouses is the lack of ventilation. It is often provided only front door which is extremely insufficient. Plants become too hot, humid and literally have nothing to breathe. The solution to this issue turned out to be very simple. The American gardener J. Mitlider found him.

His innovation lies in the fact that the roof of the greenhouse is arranged on two levels.

And at the junction of the two halves of the roof, a free space is formed, where the transoms for ventilation fit perfectly. The design can be arched or gable with vertical walls. In both cases, ventilation is very easy to provide. The frame is traditionally made of wood.

The classic version according to Mitlider - construction

In addition to good air exchange, the advantages of the Mitlider design are as follows:

simplicity of design and installation;
reliability, thanks to transverse beams and braces;
the ability to build a collapsible version;
lack of condensate, thanks to the wooden frame.

Geodesic sphere - dome on the site

The greenhouse of the original spherical shape looks very unusual on the site. The design itself is already a decoration of the garden and can serve as a bright element. landscape design. The dome of the greenhouse is assembled as a constructor from triangular elements. It is noteworthy that the coating is self-supporting and does not require any supports or frames, including the foundation.

Advantages of the geodesic sphere:

light weight;
the shape of the room provides good air circulation;
good illumination of the greenhouse from all sides;
the aerodynamic shape resists even the strongest winds.

The disadvantages of this model are:

complexity of manufacturing and installation;
the entire volume is not involved, as in the arched version;
it is difficult to adapt curved walls for shelves and racks.

Geodesic sphere under polyethylene

Solar Vegetarian for Plants

The ingenious invention of the Soviet scientist Ivanov is a solar vegetarian. This building doubles the illumination of the greenhouse without additional lamps. In addition, the air temperature rises, without heating costs.

Vegetarian can be a variant of the adjoining greenhouse or built separately. But in the latter case, you will have to build a capital wall. When building Ivanov's vegetarian garden, it is imperative to take into account the position of the compass needle. A blank wall must be northern - this is a prerequisite.

In addition, the natural slope of the relief is taken into account. Ideally, if the vegetarian is located on a southern slope with a slope of 15 to 35 degrees. If there is no such bias, it will have to be arranged artificially. The roof of the greenhouse and its floor should be parallel to each other. To ensure the stability of the greenhouse structure, you need to build a strong foundation.

The main secret of this greenhouse is a reflective mirror coating on the north wall. The reflector will double the amount of sunlight. This innovation has a good effect on the crop and does not require additional costs.

Separate Vegetarian

Benefits of Ivanov's Solar Vegetarian:

good illumination;
good natural heating;
saving on energy costs.

Design flaws:

complexity of installation;
high cost building materials;
stationarity.

Retractable roof - ventilation without problems

Greenhouses with a retractable roof combine all the advantages of the arched type, but at the same time eliminate some of their shortcomings. The design is a conventional greenhouse with a roof of two halves. The roofing device uses a special sliding roller mechanism, which allows you to open the greenhouse if necessary.

Great solution for a greenhouse

The advantages of the system are as follows:

summer heat is not terrible for plants, especially in spring, when the temperature drops sharply at night;
good ventilation is provided;
ease of cleaning the greenhouse from snow, thanks to the opening mechanism.

Types of greenhouses by materials

When choosing a greenhouse, you need to consider not only its shape. Highly big role plays the material from which it is made. This is reflected in the reliability of the greenhouse, and in its cost, and in many other nuances. Consider the main types of building materials that are used in the construction of a greenhouse before making a final choice.

Wooden frame - a common option

Varieties of frames depending on the material

The frame is the basis of the greenhouse. It is made from different materials and their combinations. It all depends on the place where the structure will be located, operating conditions, the financial capabilities of the owner and the availability of a construction team for work.

Main frame materials:

wood;
metallic profile;
galvanized pipe;
polypropylene pipes;
metal-plastic pipes.

Each of these options is good for certain cases. Wood is a cheap and easy-to-work material. But its durability is not the highest. The metal is very durable, but contributes to the formation of condensation drops, which is very harmful to plants. The same applies to galvanized pipes, but they are better than steel pipes because they do not need anti-corrosion treatment.

It is cheaper and easier to make a greenhouse from plastic or metal-plastic pipes. The construction will turn out to be light and will not require a capital reinforced concrete foundation, like a metal frame. But, unfortunately, metal-plastic pipes do not withstand difficult weather conditions very well.

Greenhouse frame made of PVC pipes

Polypropylene pipes are a greenhouse frame option beloved by many farmers. It is an affordable and lightweight material. By itself, polypropylene is warm, which is a guarantee against the appearance of unwanted condensate. You can mount a small greenhouse from pipes even alone.

Types of coating materials for greenhouses

If the frame guarantees the stability and strength of the greenhouse, then the coating material - light and heat. The most popular materials for covering greenhouses that are used in agriculture:

glass;
polycarbonate;
polyethylene film;
agrofibre;
PVC film.

Glass is a traditional material for organizing greenhouses. It is transparent, but does not allow enough sunlight to pass through the spectrum that is optimal for plants. In addition, glass is very fragile, difficult to install and relatively expensive.

It is much more rational to use sheets of cellular polycarbonate. It transmits light well, durable due to its structure. Sheets are issued large sizes which speeds up and simplifies installation. Polycarbonate does an excellent job of covering the greenhouse - retains heat and transmits enough light.

The easiest material to install and operate is film, which is also the cheapest. modern industry has long coped with all the shortcomings of polyethylene. Films are no longer afraid of direct exposure to sunlight. Strength is provided by a mesh frame. The film transmits the sun's rays well, but is easily torn - this is its main drawback.

As you can see, to build a greenhouse, you need to analyze a lot of information. If this fact discourages you, you can always resort to ready-made copies made at the factory. In this case, you will only need to decide on the size and location on your site where the greenhouse will be installed.