What to do if the portfolio is very heavy. Does a heavy briefcase threaten the posture of a schoolboy? Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the portfolio
My son is going to first grade this year. He already has a backpack. How much it cost, I do not know: it was given to us as a gift. It is black with a picture of a racing car. The child likes it very much.
But you need to choose the main attribute of school life carefully.
At the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Belgorod Region, a specialist in the department of hygiene for children and adolescents Andrey Tovsty told which satchel can be considered correct. And ours, alas, did not fall into this category.
“This is a bad backpack,” the doctor concluded, turning it around in his hands. – There are technical regulations for children's products, sanitary regulations. And there is no reference to their compliance - there is no EAC marking (from the English Eurasian Conformity - a sign of product compliance with the requirements technical regulations Customs Union EurAsEC - approx. auth.)».
Of the advantages, Andrey Igorevich noted only a relatively light weight and the presence of reflective elements on the body of the satchel. And all other characteristics were questioned:
“The back, though firm, is very weak. Most likely just cardboard. And it should be tougher, made of polymer, so that the bending of the child's spine in the lumbar region does not change under load.
Photo by Vadim Zablotsky
The upper fabric is water-repellent in appearance, but its quality also raised questions from the specialist. As well as the internal device of the backpack:
“This indicator is not standardized with us, but it is still recommended that there be two departments inside.”
According to Andrei Igorevich, the right backpack should be light and durable, with a dimensionally stable back, made of fabric that has water-repellent properties. The combination of these qualities, in his experience, will pull at least 4 thousand rubles.
Choose, sample
“Some parents buy soft backpacks for elementary school students, but this is wrong. The back of a child at this age is not yet accustomed to stress, scoliosis can easily develop, ”warned the senior salesman of the OPTimist stationery store. Yana Ezhova.
According to her, for a first-grader, it is better to choose an ergonomic backpack that evenly distributes weight. For thin children, a T-shirt backpack is more convenient, in which the top is narrower in shape than the bottom. And it’s good if there are two sections in the backpack: for books and notebooks.
Photo by Vadim Zablotsky
There are backpacks in which the straps are adjustable not only from below, but also from above: these can be perfectly adjusted to any physique. Some backpacks have special loops on the back wall that allow you to tighten the straps according to the height of the child. This parameter is especially important for rapidly growing or, conversely, too small students.
According to the seller's observations, Belgorod parents are more often interested in the anatomical back and choose such a style of the satchel that it would be convenient for the child to open it. They look to have reliable locks, pockets for small accessories and water bottles. They also pay attention to the color of the backpack: so that it is not easily soiled and easy to clean. More often they take cost-effective three-in-one sets: a backpack - a pencil case - a change bag.
“It is desirable to choose a satchel together with the child. Come to the store, try on: to fit well, to be comfortable with him. In addition, the child himself will be able to choose a backpack with a picture he likes. With such a knapsack, he will go to school more willingly, ”advised Yana Alexandrovna.
Unhealthy economy
The correct satchel for a primary school student is a fundamental point, the pediatrician and sports doctor of the regional center for medical prevention are convinced Olga Ilyadis.
“In elementary school, about a third of children have postural problems. To prevent a curvature of the spine, it is necessary not only to ensure that the child does not stoop when walking and sits straight at the study table, but also to provide him with a hard mattress for sleeping and the right satchel with an orthopedic back. The elastic lining in the back wall of the backpack prevents its deformation and protects the lumbosacral spine,” explained Olga Valerievna.
Infographics by Lyubov Turbina
You also need to monitor the fit of the backpack on the back of the child: the upper edge of the satchel should be at shoulder level, the bottom - at the level of the pelvis. The bottom should also be rigid so that it does not sag under the weight of books, the straps should be wide, 4–6 cm, and with soft shock-absorbing pads that will not rub your shoulders. It is also important that the backpack has reflective elements.
“The weight of the backpack together with the contents should not exceed 10-12% of the weight of the child,” Olga Valerievna emphasized.
heavy burden
According to SanPiN, the weight of an empty satchel is no more than 700 g, and a daily set of textbooks and stationery- no more than 2 kg.
“Norms for weight are far from reality,” said the teacher primary school school number 47 Irina Krechneva.
Some textbooks can weigh more than the normative 300 g. As a result, even a daily set: two or three textbooks, a couple of workbooks, thin notebooks and copybooks, a pencil case and a change - pull 2.5–3 kg. Plus, once or twice a week, a student needs to add a form for physical education, materials for technology, music and drawing to this set. But the children manage to shove a couple more toys into the backpack.
“Textbooks are given free of charge at the school. There will be no purchase of two sets for each student. And even if parents decide to purchase a second set at their own expense, where to store them in the classroom, these 25-30 sets of textbooks?” - Irina Lvovna noted.
Photo by Vadim Zablotsky
Wearing half of the textbooks, having agreed with a desk mate, according to the teacher, is also not an option:
“This is inconvenient: one child works faster, he already needs to turn the page, the other does not. Naturally, for some tasks, work in pairs and groups is required - children learn to communicate, share. But textbooks, I think, everyone should have their own.
It is impossible to radically solve the problem until the school has switched from paper to electronic textbooks. The knapsack can only be slightly unloaded by abandoning heavy pencil cases and persuading the child not to drag all his favorite toys to school at once.
“First-graders often have their parents bring satchels. And grandmothers meet after school, regret. But I believe that a child should carry his own satchel. Moreover, if he is orthopedic, it is even useful: the child will even straighten his back after several hours of studying at the desk, ”concluded the teacher.
Tamara Akinshina
About how it should be workplace student, Nelly Kalieva.
The school year has already begun and the first troubles, most likely, are behind us. You can sit down and calmly think. For example, about lightening the bag with which the child goes to school every day. Students will also find some of these tips helpful.
1. First of all, worth look at the portfolio(or a satchel or even a backpack - everyone calls it in their own way). It should not be too heavy, as a heavy satchel negatively affects the child's back and can cause pain as well as various problems that have the potential to become chronic.
3. Myself backpack also should not be too big and must be adjusted to height, buying it "for growth" is a bad idea. In particular, its lower part should not be more than 12 centimeters below the waist.
4. The straps should be adjusted so that the satchel fits snugly against the back., and its lower part rested on the lower back. The best straps are wide and padded. Variants with waist belts are rare, but very good for the health of the student's back.
5. The weight of the backpack is also affected by its own weight (surprise!), so give priority to simple models and limit the desire of the child to hang it with trinkets. 15 grams there, 50 grams here - a solid weight is gained.
6. Weight should also be taken into account when purchasing school supplies.. A massive pencil case full of unnecessary pens - is it really necessary for a child every day? In addition, notebooks with spirals, especially plastic ones, are often lighter than bulky, stapled or glued notebooks.
7. Definitely worth it make sure that the child does not take extra academic subjects . In many cases, a child's portfolio can easily be lightened by a third, simply by removing unnecessary textbooks, notebooks and albums. Many children take them "just in case" - this is bad both in terms of excess weight portfolio, and based on the child's general ability to organize.
8. As you collect your portfolio, teach your child that the heaviest textbooks and things should be as close to the back as possible. The closer to the outside, the lighter they should be.
9. If the school has the opportunity to leave some especially heavy textbooks (and teachers do not mind), it makes sense buy a copy of the textbook home with your own money and don't wear it to school at all. Your child's back health is worth much more than a couple of tens of euros!
10. Finally, the weight of the satchel, sometimes significantly, can be reduced if the child is accustomed to what he do not take foreign objects to school. Toys, a camera, often even portable game consoles (what children just don’t carry to school) - all this can and should be left at home. Even a phone. Although no, we do not touch the phone.
What lies in the portfolio of each student? Notebooks, a diary, textbooks, a pencil case - everything that would study well and diligently. The total weight of the briefcase, combined with the supplies for the lessons for the day, can adversely affect the health of the child.
It has already been proven that about 80% of children carry very heavy briefcases to school. I agree that very often parents buy briefcases for their children, which in net weight can already reach up to 1-1.5 kg. They are not selected for quality and lightness, with the presence of an orthopedic back, but mainly for design. Also, sometimes the choice of children stops at briefcases with one harness, which is very bad for the spine. The other side of such purchases may also be in the pricing policy, which is also on this moment important enough for the average family. Not everyone can buy an expensive and branded school bag.
Good portfolio
The briefcase should look like a backpack and have two harnesses to distribute the total weight over the child's two shoulders. Mandatory presence of a dense orthopedic back. Shoulder straps should also be padded. Such a briefcase will correctly distribute the total weight over the entire back area, and not just on the shoulders. Make sure it's light enough.
heavy briefcase
For every child who goes to school, the weight of the portfolio exceeds the norm, according to the legislation of Ukraine. Regardless of which grade the child goes to, the total weight of a schoolbag reaches from 6 to 9.5 kg. It has been proven that the heaviest schoolbags are worn by middle school students. school age. Things are a little better in the elementary grades. Their schoolbags are simply carried by their parents.
What is the weight of the school bag
The weight of the briefcase must not exceed 10% of the total weight of the child. Looking at a schoolboy who goes to school in a half-bent state, we understand that this norm is far from the truth.
How to lighten a heavy load
- First of all, together with your child, review the presence of a portfolio. Sometimes children carry a lot of unnecessary items for lessons. Sometimes they just forget to post something.
- A possible option is to agree with a neighbor on the desk, on mutual assistance. The number of school textbooks can be divided by two.
- There is also an expensive option. Buy another set of textbooks that your child will use at home and leave the library copies at school. (I agree, not for everyone).
- Now it is possible to download all textbooks in in electronic format. If you have a tablet and you are not afraid to give it to your child for the period of lessons, you can download all the textbooks and in this case, your child's portfolio will definitely lose a couple of kilograms.
- There is another option for parent meeting write a general statement addressed to the director about revising the schedule for the children of the class. Now you can do paired lessons in one day, as a result of which, your child will not carry 6 books, but only 3. Alternatively, you can try, the main thing is your desire and perseverance.
It's no secret that children's briefcases are a heavy burden. "Real" backpacks, with a vaunted orthopedic back, even empty ones already weigh a lot. It is only in photographs on the Internet that the schoolboy looks touching and cute with a briefcase on his shoulders. On real school days, the knapsack swells to immense proportions: textbooks (most A4 in size), anthologies, workbooks, paints (gouache of at least 9 colors), oilcloth for the table, if drawing, a form for physical education, a three-story pencil case (otherwise the neighbor has such than I'm worse), notebooks, a folder for notebooks, a folder for work, a folder for music and a bunch of everything else they ask to bring.
Even before my child went to school, I paid attention to how children go to school. Dad walks in front: hands in pockets, and the child trudges behind bent three deaths from the briefcase. Dad also "encourages": "Come on faster, we're late."
Even then I decided that the briefcase for my daughter primary school I will wear it myself, and no arguments from other parents, such as it is necessary to educate independence, to wear it all my life, it’s already big, it’s his (her) duty, the portfolio is orthopedic - they won’t convince me. The child's health is more important, the portfolio is indeed a very serious burden on the child's fragile spine, even if it is 10 times orthopedic and costs ... eleven thousand. The child still sits at the desk for several hours, and then at home for lessons. I see that by the end of the year, many have an incorrect posture, their backs are stooped. But for some reason, parents do not see a threat in the school bag. Moreover, even some doctors claim that "correct wearing is perfectly safe." It may be safe for some, but children are different. Someone has a weak muscular system, someone has a lack of vitamins D and calcium (hello to the inhabitants of the northern regions), someone has too fast growth provokes stoop, why add an unfavorable factor? Yes, someday the child will carry the entire "load of knowledge" on his own, but by this time he will grow up and get stronger.
In Europe, most schoolchildren carry briefcases with a special trolley.
We were given this. We used it twice when we had to turn in all the books. Our roads are not European, but the most ordinary, Russian ones with potholes. At the school, ramps at the entrance were put up only this year, and both the briefcase and the trolley had to be dragged to the third floor, since neither the elevator nor the ramps had ever been thought of. When we went home, half the class ran after us, they looked at the cart like at an elephant. A handy thing, I really liked the trolley, but there are no conditions at our school and the roads are bad, so we don't use it.
Not all parents are so carefree. This spring, I noticed how a car drove up to the school, a man got out of it, walked around the car, opened the door and gave his hand to his daughter-student, helped her out, took her briefcase, went to the entrance, opened the door, let her daughter go ahead, waited for her to change clothes shoes, helped her put on her briefcase, kissed her on the forehead and wished her a good day. I myself wanted to have such a dad. One mother at school also carried her son's briefcase all the time, talking with other parents, I casually praised her, they say, to take care of the health of her child. I was told that her child had problems with the spine, and it was the children's orthopedist who forbade him to carry weights, including a briefcase.
When I chose a briefcase for my daughter, one of the main conditions was its weight. Therefore, I even paid attention to the "dogs" of the locks, in some models they are metal and weighty, why, I ask the extra load. When my daughter got older, I began to look at the backpacks of high school students, and I liked them more than these "skins" of first graders. They are much lighter and simpler, and even cheaper. In the same Sportmaster you can buy them on sale at a big discount.
This year my daughter went to the 4th grade, today I myself carried her portfolio to school. She would still have to drag him to the third floor. I usually throw it on my shoulder, it’s more convenient, although it’s an adult, it’s also heavy for me. She asked her daughter what the girls were saying in the class, were they teasing? The daughter answered, on the contrary, almost envy: "You feel good, mom helps." It is necessary to protect children's health even from an orthopedic portfolio.
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are among the most common. During the years of schooling, the number of children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system increases by 5 times. Very often, children and adolescents turn to doctors with complaints of pain in the back, lower back, neck, headaches, fatigue when walking for a long time. All these problems in the body are associated with problems of the spine and the formation of incorrect posture. One of the reasons for this is the wearing of heavy satchels.
The relevance of research: A healthy spine and posture is very important, because the health of the whole organism depends on it. Therefore, children of our age should observe restrictions in lifting weights.
It is known from the medical literature that carrying too much weight can cause spinal curvature and even stunting. We carry a briefcase to school six times a week, sometimes it is very heavy, so this question interested me.
Problem: A heavy, improperly selected school backpack has a detrimental effect on our spine.
Purpose of the study: to study the influence of the portfolio on the posture of children of middle school age; to investigate the correspondence of school portfolios of students of the 6th “a” class of Zhambylskaya high school sanitary and hygienic requirements; to study the forms of prevention and treatment of posture.
Research objectives:
1. Analyze the data in the medical literature on the research topic.
2. Describe how heavy briefcases affect the growing body of a child, what consequences this leads to.
3. Prove that a heavy portfolio is injurious to health.
4. Examine the compliance of portfolios with the stated requirements.
5. Develop recommendations on how to reduce bad influence school backpack on the health of the student.
Research objects: human body, posture, school bag.
Subject (subject) of the study: students of the 6th "a" class of the Zhambyl secondary school.
Hypothesis: I assume that a heavy backpack is harmful to health - it violates the posture of a schoolboy, but it can be corrected and corrected if you purposefully perform sets of exercises, engage in physical education and sports, and constantly monitor.
Research methods and techniques: analysis, survey, observation, collection of information from books, magazines, newspapers and electronic resources, experiment.
Posture and its importance in human life
In order to find out what posture is, I began to study various literature.
I started my research with medical dictionary. It says that posture is the habitual position of the body when standing, walking and sitting, which is characterized by a vertical relaxed position of the spine.
In the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, posture is a system, a warehouse of a living body, under posture they mean harmony, majesty, decency and beauty.
In Ushakov's dictionary, posture is appearance, the manner of holding one's figure.
Posture is usually associated with bearing, habitual posture, manner of holding oneself.
The word "posture" is formed from the root "-san-", from this root the words "san", "dignitary", "sit down" originated. And the word "san" meant a high rank or rank, a noble position.
Reading fairy tales, epics, you can admire the regal posture of princesses, heroes, knights. It is generally accepted that royalty is distinguished by a proud fit of the head and a straight back. It is difficult to imagine a beautiful princess with a stoop. However, in life, such "question marks" are very common.
In old England, to develop a good posture, a special cut of pupils' clothes was used - it is simply impossible to sit stooped in such clothes. The clothes cut painfully into the skin. Gymnasium education in Russia differed strict regime education. Pupils were forced to perform special exercises to develop a slender posture. In pre-revolutionary gymnasiums, bad posture was fought radically - caring for pupils with a ruler.
And today, at home, at school, in the classroom, I hear the phrase: “Keep your back!”
Six times a week, students of the Zhambyl secondary school go to school and return from it, bearing the burden of knowledge with a load of knowledge teaching aids, notebooks, diaries, pencil cases, interchangeable shoes, sportswear and many more things that they themselves will put if their parents do not control. The transferred weights, of course, affect the correct formation of posture. A tourist, going to the mountains, takes with him a backpack weighing up to several tens of kilograms; adult life We are getting ready as high school students.
The value of posture is especially great in children, during the period of growth and formation of the skeleton. Incorrect habitual body positions quickly lead to curvature of the spine, chest, pelvis, lower extremities including feet.
The main task of posture is to protect musculoskeletal system from overload and injury.
The process of formation of posture begins from the first years of life and continues until the age of 21. In children from 4 to 8 years old, the posture is unstable. Age from 8 to 17 years is the most important period of life for the formation of posture, even the slightest deviation in the development of posture can lead to severe deformities of the spine and limbs. It is during this period that future diseases of the spine and joints are “laid”.
The student's posture is spoiled by heavy satchels and especially briefcases. Regular asymmetric load on a fragile spine is fraught with trouble for the rest of your life. Doctors say: "In general, for small child carrying a briefcase weighing 4-5 kilograms to school is tantamount to an adult carrying 20-30 kilograms to work every day.”
Therefore, schoolchildren and their parents need to take all measures in order to maintain the health of the spine. And physical education, and the right furniture in the classroom and, of course, a briefcase selected taking into account all sanitary rules, will help them in this.
How the briefcase appeared at school
When did the portfolio appear? Probably along with notebooks and books. Portfolio is a word of French origin. Translated into Russian "carry a sheet." Means a quadrangular bag with a clasp, usually made of leather. The word knapsack (shoulder bag) appeared in Russia in the 17th century. After 150-200 years, this word entered school use. Books and textbooks began to be carried in briefcases after the Second World War, but still more often went with field bags.
AT Soviet time satchels were made with removable straps, which turned it into a briefcase. The color is usually dark brown. In high school, they wore briefcases or sports bags.
In Europe and America, primary school children also go to school with briefcases and satchels.
In Beijing, elementary school students use suitcases instead of briefcases and backpacks because the number of textbooks and school supplies is constantly increasing. And in Taiwan, they have already created a 10-inch PC (computer), which weighs about a kilogram and includes all textbooks and a diary.
When choosing between a satchel, a briefcase, a backpack and a bag, it is best to stop at a satchel. Unlike a briefcase, a knapsack does not harm the spine. The backpack has a soft back, this option is more suitable for high school students. A bag with one shoulder strap can cause a curvature of the spine.
Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the portfolio
How to choose the right backpack? After all, the stores offer so much different options. Choosing a good backpack is important task for parents. When buying, you should pay attention not only to beauty and brightness, but, above all, to functional qualities. The backpack should have a solid back with orthopedic elements. Materials for the backpack should be lightweight, durable, with a water-repellent impregnation or coating that is easy to clean. For our cold winters, such a quality as frost resistance is also important. Otherwise, in the cold, the knapsack will harden, and will resemble an ice crust. It will also be good if there are reflective elements on the backpack. A child with such a satchel will be very noticeable on the roads.
Year by year, school bags are getting heavier and heavier. Studies show that the weight of a backpack with textbooks in students exceeds the permissible hygiene standards. Publishers do not always adhere to hygienic recommendations regarding the weight of publications, exceeding it for commercial reasons. According to the "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the objects of upbringing and education of children and adolescents" of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the weight of an empty satchel should be:
- for students in grades 1-4 - 600 g;
- for students in grades 5-11 - 700 g.
The weight of one edition should not exceed:
300 g - for grades 1-4;
400 g - for grades 5-6;
500 g - for grades 7-9;
600 g - for grades 10-12.
It is allowed to increase the weight of the educational publication by no more than 10%.
The weight of the satchel school supplies should not exceed:
from 1.5 to 2.0 kg for grades 1-3;
from 2.0 to 2.5 kg for grades 4-5;
from 3.0 to 3.5 kg for grades 6-7;
from 4.0 to 4.5 kg for grades 8-9.
The vast majority of schoolchildren wear schoolbags, which are harmful to their health, because the daily student burden is too heavy.
Studying the compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards of portfolios of students in grade 6 “a”
After studying various literature on the topic, I decided to conduct an experiment in my class. The experiment involved 17 people.
Here are the main stages of my work:
1. First, I conducted a survey in the form of a questionnaire, inviting the guys to answer the questions of the questionnaire:
====================
The selected answer should be circled or underlined.
1. What is your portfolio? (Form: knapsack, bag, briefcase (carried in one hand), package)
2. Where did you buy the briefcase?
a) In the store
b) on the market
c) They gave me a briefcase
3. Who selects the portfolio for you?
a) myself
b) mom/dad
c) with parents
d) Relatives
4. On what grounds did you choose the portfolio? (Multiple features can be noted)
a) Color
b) Form
c) Size, weight
d) Price
e) The portfolio has an orthopedic back
5. Do you like your portfolio or would you like to change it?
(Write) _____________________________________________________________
6. Do you and your parents support the idea of introducing an "electronic" portfolio in schools (a portfolio in the form of a small computer)? __________________________________________________________________
7. Do you play sports? (Multiple options may be selected)
a) Yes, I attend the section (specify which one) ______________________________
b) No
c) I exercise in the morning
d) I go to physical education at school
a) All the time b) Sometimes c) No, I have good posture
9. Have you visited a doctor because of posture problems?
a) Yes b) No
10. How do you envision a student's portfolio in the future?
====================
After analyzing the answers to the main questions, I got the following results.
1. What is your portfolio?
Knapsack - 10 people;
bag - 7 people;
2. Where did you buy the briefcase?
Bought in the store - 3 people;
bought in the market - 14 people.
3. Who chose the portfolio for you?
Bought with parents - 11 people;
Bought themselves - 2 people;
Mom bought - 2 people;
Gave - 2 people.
6. How do you envision a student portfolio in the future?
Electronic, light and small - 17 people.
7. Do you play sports?
Go to physical education at school - 17 people;
doing exercises - 5 people.
8. Are you often asked to straighten your back, straighten your shoulders?
Posture control - 11 people;
do not control posture - 6 people.
2. From the medical worker of our school, I learned information about the weight and condition of the musculoskeletal system, in particular about the posture, of the guys in our class. It turned out that out of 17 people, 2 people have a violation of posture, which is 12%. In the remaining 15 people, the posture is normal - 88%.
3. Next, I calculated the correct weight of the backpack with accessories according to the formula: the weight of the backpack is less than 10% of the student's weight, i.e. the student's weight (in kilograms) must be multiplied by 10 and divided by 100. The data showed that in 3 students the weight of the backpack does not correspond to the norm (Anuarbekova D, Karimova E, Petrushina O).
4. Weighed all the knapsacks without school supplies. I saw that in 11 students the weight of an empty satchel complies with hygienic standards, that is, it does not exceed the conditional weight of 0.7 kg. In 6 people, the weight of the satchel exceeded the hygienic norm.
I think that heavyweight backpacks can cause various pathologies in the development of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems.
We can say that the parents of children who have the right satchels took care of maintaining the health of their child, in particular, posture.
5.
During the week, I observed the change in the weight of the backpack (without removable shoes and sportswear) in connection with study loads and compared with hygiene standards. The weight of a satchel with school supplies for students in grade 6 should not exceed 3.5 kg.
As a result of observations, I found that the heaviest backpack is on Thursday - 3.985 / 3.831 kg. The lightest satchel was on Saturday - 2.191 kg. The heaviest briefcase that day weighed 3.871 kg. Even on this day, the weight did not meet hygienic standards.
Conclusion
Studying portfolio history, opinions and advice medical workers I learned a lot of new and interesting things for myself. I learned what posture is, how important it is for human health. In the course of work, I realized that improper carrying of heavy objects can adversely affect the spine, and it is the school bag that can become a “friend” or “enemy” for our back. I hope that my classmates, parents and teachers will take advantage of the results of this study and take my advice and recommendations responsibly.
But how can the harmful effects of a school backpack on a student's health be reduced?
Necessary:
1) when buying a backpack, take into account its weight (it should not be heavier than 700 g);
2) remove everything superfluous from it (for example, toys or textbooks and accessories that are unnecessary on a given day);
3) look for an opportunity to use two sets of textbooks: let one be kept and used at school, and the other at home;
4) take into account the weight of the daily set of textbooks and supplies when scheduling lessons;
5) wear the backpack on your back using both straps.
Well, of course, a school backpack will help keep its owner healthy if it has inserts made of special reflective materials. This will ensure the safety of the student on the road at night.
In addition, the student should regularly engage in physical education, because physical exercise strengthens the muscles and skeleton.
Bibliography
3. Streltsova I.V. Research work"My health". // Primary School. - 2008. - No. 5, p.21.
Work completed: Petrushina O.
6th grade student.
Supervisor: Baizakova A.S.
Teacher of chemistry, biology.
State institution "Zhambyl secondary school"
Department of Education of the Akimat of Kostanay region
With. Zhambyl, Kostanay region
Kostanay region
The Republic of Kazakhstan
Loading...
