Law on the disposal of biological waste. Veterinary and sanitary rules for the collection, disposal and destruction of biological waste

Veterinary sanitary regulations collection, recycling and destruction of biological waste
(approved by Chief State Veterinary Inspector Russian Federation December 4, 1995 N 13-7-2/469)

With changes and additions from:

1. General Provisions

1.1. The veterinary and sanitary rules for the collection, recycling and destruction of biological waste (hereinafter referred to as the "Rules") are binding on animal owners, regardless of the method of farming, as well as organizations, enterprises (hereinafter organizations) of all forms of ownership engaged in production, transportation, procurement and processing of products and raw materials of animal origin.

1.2. Biological waste are:

Corpses of animals and birds, incl. laboratory;

Aborted and stillborn fetuses;

Veterinary confiscated products (meat, fish, other products of animal origin) identified after a veterinary and sanitary examination at slaughterhouses, slaughterhouses, meat and fish processing organizations, markets, trade organizations and other objects;

Other waste obtained during the processing of food and non-food raw materials of animal origin.

1.3. Animal owners, within a period of not more than a day from the moment of death of the animal, the discovery of an aborted or stillborn fetus, are obliged to notify the veterinary specialist about this, who, based on the results of the inspection, determines the procedure for the disposal or destruction of biological waste.

1.4. The obligation to deliver biological waste for processing or disposal (incineration) rests with the owner (head of a farm, personal, subsidiary farm, joint-stock company etc., public utilities service of the local administration).

1.5. biological waste are disposed of by processing at veterinary and sanitary recycling plants (workshops) in accordance with the current rules, disinfected in biothermal pits, destroyed by incineration or, in exceptional cases, buried in specially designated places.

1.6. Places designated for burial of biological waste (cattle burial grounds) must have one or more biothermal pits.

1.7. With the introduction of these Rules, the destruction of biological waste by burial in the ground is strictly prohibited.

1.7.1. In the area served by the veterinary and sanitary disposal plant, all biological waste, except for those specified in clause 1.9. of these Rules are processed into meat and bone meal.

1.7.2. In exceptional cases, when mass death animals from natural disaster and the impossibility of their transportation for disposal, incineration or disinfection in biothermal pits, burial of corpses in the ground is allowed only by decision of the Chief State Veterinary Inspector of the Republic, another subject of the Russian Federation.

1.7.3. In the breeding area reindeer(permafrost areas), in the absence of the possibility of building and equipping cattle burial grounds, it is allowed to bury biological waste in earthen pits. To do this, special areas are allocated on pastures and on the path of nomadic herds, if possible on dry, elevated places not visited by deer.

Disposal of biological waste into reservoirs, rivers and swamps is prohibited.

1.9. Biological waste contaminated or contaminated with pathogens:

anthrax, emphysematous carbuncle, large plague cattle, camel distemper, rabies, tularemia, tetanus, malignant edema, bluetongue in cattle and sheep, African swine fever, botulism, glanders, epizootic lymphangitis, melioidosis (false glanders), myxomatosis, hemorrhagic disease of rabbits, bird plague are burned on the spot, as well as in incinerators or in specially designated areas;

Encephalopathy, scrapie, adenomatosis, visnamaedi are processed into meat and bone meal. In case of impossibility of processing, they are subject to incineration;

Diseases that have not previously been recorded in Russia are burned.

1.10. In case of radioactive contamination of biological waste at a dose of 1x10-6 Cu/kg and above, they are subject to burial in special storage facilities in accordance with the requirements for radioactive waste.

1.11. These Rules define the conditions:

Collection, recycling and destruction of biological waste in livestock complexes (farms), farms, personal, subsidiary farms, settlements, places of accumulation, nomadic (running) animals; when transporting animals and livestock products;

Non-proliferation of pathogens of infectious and parasitic animal diseases;

Prevention of human diseases by zooanthroponic diseases;

Environmental protection from pollution.

2. Cleaning and transportation

2.1. A veterinarian, when examining an animal corpse, stillborn, aborted fetus and other biological waste, gives an opinion on their cleaning, disposal or destruction.

With the approval of these Rules, the "Veterinary and Sanitary Rules for the Disposal, Cleaning and Destruction of Animal Carcasses and Waste Obtained from the Processing of Raw Animal Products", approved by the Ministry, do not apply on the territory of the Russian Federation. Agriculture USSR on April 6, 1951 and agreed with the All-Union State Sanitary Inspectorate on March 14, 1951.

I approve

Agreed

Registration N 1005

Application
to the Veterinary and Sanitary Collection Rules,
recycling and destruction of biological waste
dated December 04, 1995 N 13-7-2 / 469

Waste of biological origin poses a danger to the surrounding people, as they can become a hotbed for the spread of pathogenic microbes and viruses.

Biological waste is nothing more than the remains of the processing of the meat industry, dead birds and animals, as well as organs and tissues that were formed as a result of medical operations and abortions. All of the above wastes pose a direct threat, and they should be handled with extreme caution, guided by the current for our country sanitary regulations. The rules for the disposal of biological waste divide them into classes 1 and 2 according to the level of hazard.

In particular, the following wastes belong to the 1st hazard class:

• Dead animals.
• Dead birds.
• Corpses of laboratory animals.

The sanitary rules establish that biological waste of the 1st hazard class is subject to mandatory disposal. It can be done by . All of them must undergo preliminary disinfection.

Hazard class 2 includes:

• animal remains infected with infectious diseases,
• skin particles and biological materials of infectious medical institutions,
• as well as biomaterials that had direct contact with infected patients.

After the waste has been collected and appropriately packaged, it is transported to a decontamination site. The procedure for decontamination of biological waste of the 1st hazard class is mandatory before their disposal. It is allowed not to subject the meat industry waste to the disinfection procedure - they are simply burned in high-temperature furnaces - cremators.

Veterinary rules for the disposal and destruction of biological waste of the 2nd hazard class provide for their unconditional destruction. At the same time, the destruction process is directly controlled by employees. public service Rosselkhoznadzor. Modern veterinary and sanitary rules for the collection and disposal of biological waste provide for the possibility of burying biowaste belonging to the 1st hazard category. However, in recent times for their disposal, special companies with permits began to use the incineration method. It is carried out in special ovens - cremators. Existing rules disposal of biological waste provide for the possibility of epidemiological danger, which may represent biological waste. After all, they may well become a source of the spread of all kinds of dangerous infections and infecting people with them. Here are some dangerous consequences may result in violation of the rules for the disposal of biological waste.

In case of detection of waste of animal origin, in no case should they be disposed of independently. This complex and time-consuming business should be handled by specially trained employees of companies that have the appropriate licenses, giving them the right to carry out such activities. At the same time, with regard to waste of the 2nd category of safety, the veterinary rules for the disposal and destruction of biological waste provide for the presence of representatives of regulatory organizations at the disposal site.

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Biological waste is the remains of tissues and organs formed in the course of medical activities, as well as death various kinds animals and birds, processing materials of animal origin.

This group includes:

• carcasses of all animals
• stillborn and aborted children
• meat products
• waste resulting from the processing of raw materials of animal origin

Since they pose a real threat, the handling of animal residues must comply with the sanitary rules for collection.

Classification of biological residues

All waste is subject to general classification. Biological residues belong to the first, as well as to the second hazard class.

Biowaste of the first hazard class includes:

• stillborn fetuses
• homeless animals
• pets
• laboratory test subjects
• farm animals or birds

The rules allow the disposal of the remains of these species only through incineration, burial, or disinfection. Recycling they are not eligible.

The second hazard class includes:

• parts of the body or skin
• food remains of the infectious departments
• materials of microbiological laboratories
• isolation of virus-infected people and animals
• materials that had contact with patients in infectious diseases departments

Biowaste must undergo mandatory destruction. The disposal of biological waste is controlled by the veterinary and sanitary collection rules, supervision is carried out by inspectors of the Rosselkhoznadzor. Today, thermal processing is used with the help of special technologies and cremators - this is a new successfully developing business.

Hazard Class

There is a less common classification of garbage according to:

• epidemiological danger
• toxicological hazard
• radiation hazard

A classification of this type includes three classes of substances: A, B and C. The last two include garbage, which is dangerous from the point of view of epidemiology.

Biological waste of this class can be contaminated with a dangerous virus, such as anthrax and SARS. That is, pathologies that are potentially dangerous to humans. It is because of the negligent attitude to the destruction of this type of scrap that epidemics of deadly diseases periodically arise in the world.

If garbage of animal origin was found on the territory, which has a hazard class B or C, then the sanitary collection rules prohibit self-destruction by burial or removal to domestic landfills. This is done by specialized organizations whose employees have been fully trained in handling this type of waste.

In the event of a mass death of animals due to a natural disaster, in the absence of another method of disposal, the veterinary inspector of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation has the right to allow the disposal of waste in the ground in accordance with the sanitary rules for collection and disposal. Also, the disposal of biological waste through burial is subject to all waste of biological origin in cases where there are complex climatic conditions and distance from civilization.

The rules establish: if decaying organic matter is found on the ground, the owner is obliged to contact the veterinary supervision within 24 hours with a request to inspect the waste by an inspector Federal Service on veterinary and phytosanitary supervision and resolve the issue of disposal. In the absence of any action on the part of the owner of the territory, he faces a fine for an administrative violation.

Disposal of biological residues

Veterinary and sanitary organizations have developed special sanitary collection rules regarding the disposal of biomaterials. According to them, waste of animal origin is subject to collection, transportation and disposal in veterinary and sanitary disposal enterprises by means of cremation in cremators. It is also possible to export to the territory of specially constructed cattle burial grounds and cemeteries.

After the death of livestock, the owner of the pasture must report this to the veterinary clinic, which determines the procedure for the disposal of dead livestock. Burials that do not comply with the sanitary collection rules can become an outbreak of deadly diseases. The plant for the processing of biological waste is always ready to accept an unlimited amount of scrap for subsequent destruction.

Disposal rules do not allow burial of animal and livestock corpses in the ground. To destroy the remains of livestock, veterinary-utilization organizations are opened, which are engaged in this activity. A large number of Soviet enterprises for the disposal of biomaterial have become obsolete over time, it is worth noting that these services are not very relevant among the people.

Many people don't think about what proper disposal biomaterial. This event not only reduces the likelihood of new infections - it is a way to implement recycling, for example, for the production of animal feed.

Biological waste - waste hazardous to humans, the disposal of which contributes to the spread of various diseases, soil pollution and groundwater. Waste of organic and animal origin, buried in animal burial grounds, reduces the area of ​​fertile land. Cemeteries and animal burial grounds poison the fertile soil for a long period of time with cadaveric poison.

In accordance with the regulatory legal acts, cattle burial grounds are located on a hillock with low groundwater at least 2.5 meters from the surface. In a wasteland, at least 500 meters from settlements and water bodies. Walking cattle and installing cattle drives on the territory of burial grounds is prohibited in order to avoid infection.

In Russia, there are no cost-effective organizational and legal conditions for handling this type of residue. The corpses of animals and birds are thrown into general waste containers, into fields and landfills intended for solid waste. household waste. This behavior worsens ecological state countries, biological waste can become a provocateur of epidemics if the disposal method is not correct.

Sanitary rules for collection and disposal must be observed by entrepreneurs and individuals. The health of mankind and the cleanliness of its environment depend on their implementation.

Stages and methods of disposal

First of all, it is carried out preparatory stage. Inspection of the biomaterial is carried out by a qualified veterinarian. It is he who decides the issue of choosing a method for the disposal of biological waste in accordance with the sanitary rules for collection and destruction. In cases where livestock is fatally infected dangerous disease, capable of being transmitted to other animals or people, the doctor decides to kill the animals and send them to a landfill for disposal.

The owner of the farm or barnyard must necessarily carry out the delivery of livestock corpses. In cities and villages, this mission is entrusted to management company to which the territory is attached. Stray animals found in residential areas are transported by the owners. It is worth considering that the transportation of biomaterial is carried out only after the inspection and approval of the transport by the inspector of the Rosselkhoznadzor.

For the transportation of biowaste, it is necessary to hire specially equipped vehicles, inside which a waterproof box should be located. This is where further transportation takes place. The tools used to load the body and the place where the corpse lay are subject to mandatory processing. The car and the driver's clothes are also sanitized at the end of the procedure.

Burning is carried out in specially designated places and sometimes at the location. In this way, those wastes that have been infected with dangerous infections are destroyed. For large batches of waste, cremators are used, where disposal takes place at extremely high temperatures. Cremation is also possible in equipped pits dug in a specially designated area. The choice of cremation method depends on the dimensions of the biomaterial.

Biological waste that does not have a potential hazard to the environment is processed at special enterprises. Animal feed and supplements are commonly made from such material. For example, flour from feathers and bones. Often, processing plants and animal husbandry equip on their territory workshops for the disposal of biological waste, which greatly simplifies the process and reduces costs due to the absence of the need for transportation.

AT special occasions the biomaterial is buried using a pit filled with active chlorine. Animals open the abdominal cavity and lowered into the pit. Next, the container is covered with earth, creating a meter-long mound. It is extremely rare that biothermal pits are created for the disposal of corpses infected with extremely dangerous infections.

Consequences and dangers of improper disposal

The owner of the land does not have the right to independently dispose of it without the involvement of an inspector from the Rosselkhoznadzor. In case of violation of this rule, the owner is issued a fine, this is indicated by chapter 6 of Art. 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Rosselkhoznadzor inspectors carry out field checks to inspect territories near cities, villages and towns for unauthorized dumps and to identify offenders. Animal burial grounds and biothermal pits are also checked annually by inspectors.

In addition to administrative punishment, one should remember about possible harm environment and man. Biogas, which is formed as a result of decomposition organic matter, is dangerous, it can cause dizziness and nausea, and in large quantities lead to death. Do not forget about the potential diseases that can be transmitted from the remains of living animals.

Biowaste is not as safe as it might seem at first glance. Each person must remember that the timely and correct transportation and destruction of the waste of a biological species saves not only hundreds of living beings, but also environment from the spread of hazardous substances released during decomposition.

Due to a number of reasons, disposal, disposal of biological waste is absolutely necessary. This problem is especially acute for the sanitary and veterinary services. big cities where such waste accumulates a lot. The solution to the problem is the utilization of biowaste in Moscow.

The structure of biological waste

Biological waste refers to waste that is generated as a result of medical and veterinary activities. This category includes:

• remains or complete bodies of dead animals and birds (domestic or wild)
• amputated human body parts
• confiscated goods produced with the inclusion of substances of animal origin (sausages, meat products, offal, dairy products, etc.)
• waste received from the activities of slaughterhouses, fish processing enterprises
• expired food
• other elements that appeared as a result of the processing of raw materials from animals.

Prices for the removal and disposal of biological waste

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biological waste are:

corpses of animals and birds, incl. laboratory;

aborted and stillborn fetuses;

veterinary confiscated products (meat, fish, other products of animal origin) identified after a veterinary and sanitary examination at slaughterhouses, slaughterhouses, meat and fish processing organizations, markets, trade organizations and other objects;

other waste obtained during the processing of food and non-food raw materials of animal origin.

The main document regulating the procedure for the destruction and disposal of animal carcasses are "Veterinary and sanitary rules for the disposal and destruction of animal carcasses and waste obtained during the processing of raw animal products".

After the death of the animal, the veterinarian must examine the corpse and give instructions on the implementation of protective measures in relation to people and animals, as well as on the method of disposal of the corpses. Animal corpses, slaughterhouse confiscated products (waste from the processing of animal products), taking into account the epizootic situation and in accordance with veterinary legislation, are taken out for processing to factories for the production of meat and bone meal, destroyed in biothermal pits or burned.

The corpses of large animals are delivered to places for destruction or disposal by special vehicles. For this purpose, farms are equipped with boxes 2.5 m long, 1.7-2.0 m wide and at least 1 m deep. wooden boxes and their bottom is upholstered with galvanized or roofing iron. Boxes suit with a folding back and side walls. They must be tightly closed, liquid-tight, convenient for loading and unloading, cleaning and disinfection. Transported by cars or wagons. Together with the corpse, it is necessary to take out the top layer of earth (20-25 cm thick) on which it lay. This place should be disinfected with bleach or sulfuric carbolic mixture. The car, wagon, overalls and inventory immediately after the transportation of the corpse, slaughterhouse confiscated goods and other waste must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. It is allowed to open corpses and remove skins only in special rooms at recycling plants or a concrete area near a biothermal pit.

For health and economic reasons best method disinfection of animal corpses and confiscated goods (waste) from the meat, poultry, fish and leather raw materials industries is their processing into veterinary and sanitary recycling plants for obtaining technical and fodder products (meat and bone meal, technical fat, skins, horns, hooves, fertilizers, etc.). Specialists of recycling plants are working to find out the reasons for the death of animals in farms located within their radius of action (50-70 km).

The site for the disposal plant is allocated to be flat, dry, with a low level of standing groundwater, at a distance of at least 1 km from settlements and livestock farms, with good access roads and close to major highways. The territory of the plant is fenced with a high fence, asphalted inside, and trees and shrubs are planted outside. A veterinary checkpoint is being built for the service personnel, and for the disinfection of vehicles at the main entrance to the plant, a disinfection barrier is set up with a gate width of 6 m and a depth of 25 cm.

For the purpose of complete veterinary and sanitary well-being of products obtained at the disposal plant, the entire territory is divided into two isolated production sectors. In the first sector, which is unfavorable in sanitary terms, they receive raw materials (corpses, slaughterhouse confiscated products) and carry out its primary processing (autopsy, skinning, etc.); in the second, prosperous sector, heat treatment, production and storage of products are carried out. Bodies of state veterinary supervision supervise the work of the plant.

In the absence of a veterinary and sanitary plant near, at the direction of a veterinarian, in a number of large specialized farms and poultry farms, animal or poultry carcasses and confiscated products from slaughtered animals are boiled in LAPS boilers and used as animal feed or autoclaved in special boilers in the disposal department of the slaughter and sanitary center farm or complex. In the absence of a plant for the production of meat and bone meal, it is better to destroy (disinfect) animal corpses (not anthrax) in biothermal pits.

Biothermal pits(Czech, Piryatinsky, Bekkari pits) are arranged on a specially designated dry, elevated plot of land with an area of ​​​​200 m 2 with a low level of groundwater, at a distance of 1-3 km from residential and livestock buildings, away from pastures, reservoirs, driveways and cattle drives. The site is fenced with a strong fence with a wall height of at least 2 m. On the inside of the fence, a ditch is made 1 m deep and at least 1 m wide. The pits are arranged cylindrical or quadrangular with waterproof walls and bottom, 3 m in diameter at a depth of 9-10 m. stone, brick, reinforced concrete or tarred logs. The log house is surrounded by a clay castle and brought out 20 cm above ground level. The pit is covered with two covers with a lock at a distance of 30 cm from one another, and the space between them is insulated with straw mats in winter. The pit is equipped with an exhaust pipe (25 x 25 cm) and a canopy. A concrete platform or a small room for autopsy is being built nearby.

Under aerobic conditions, corpses decompose within 4-5 months with the formation of compost, devoid of cadaverous smell. At the same time, thermophilic microbes develop in the corpses, due to the activity of which the temperature reaches 60-70ºС, which causes the death of pathogenic microflora.

It is possible to arrange biothermal pits only with the permission of the regional state sanitary inspection and the relevant veterinary departments of the region.

Burning corpses mandatory in cases of infections caused by spore-forming microflora (anthrax, emphysematous carbuncle), and especially dangerous diseases (sap, rabies, rinderpest, bradzot, etc.), when it is forbidden to remove skins in order to avoid dispersion of the infectious agent.

The method of burning corpses has its advantages and negative sides. The positive aspects include, firstly, ensuring the complete destruction of the causative agent of the disease (infection) and, secondly, the possibility of using the ashes of a burnt corpse as fertilizer for plants. The negative point is the loss of such valuable products as meat and bone meal, fat, horns, hooves.

Animal corpses are burned in incinerators various designs and on fires. Corpse incinerators provide the necessary hygienic conditions, take less time and require less effort compared to burning on fires. Incinerators for incineration of corpses can be stationary and mobile.

They are also used to destroy corpses. cattle burial grounds. But from an ecological point of view and modern veterinary and sanitary requirements, burying animal corpses in the ground is unacceptable. At present, they are registered and accurately determined according to the records in veterinary institutions of the epizootological danger.

Depending on this, cattle burial grounds are divided into two categories:

cattle burial grounds where the corpses of animals that died from anthrax were not buried;

cattle burial grounds, where, among others, the corpses of anthrax animals were buried (this also includes cattle burial grounds without precise data on the nature of the burial of corpses, but with registration of anthrax in the area).

Methods for scanning animal burial sites depend on the category of the latter.

On the territory of cattle burial grounds of the first category (not anthrax), after their closure, it is recommended to burn out all available grass vegetation in the coming autumn, as well as burn bones, debris and other foreign objects. After that, the territory can be used for planting shrubs and trees mainly conifers interfering with grass growth. On cattle burial grounds not planted with trees, it is allowed to sow cultivated grasses in order to use them as animal feed, but this can be done only after three years and provided that the site of the cattle burial ground on which the grass was burned was plowed several times in a row for destruction for two consecutive summers. emerging vegetation, increased exposure solar radiation and improve the natural sanitation of the soil. From herbs, it is recommended to sow timothy, sweet clover and the like. The use of a cattle burial ground for a construction site is possible only with the permission of the medical and veterinary sanitary inspections not earlier than 5 years after the last burial of the corpse.

When liquidating cattle burial grounds of the second category, there are more stringent measures. A ditch is dug around the territory of such a cattle burial ground, a fence is erected and thorny bushes are planted in order to exclude the possibility of people and animals entering the cattle burial ground. Where there was an entrance part, they arrange a sign with the inscription: “Closed. Anthrax Cattle Burial Ground". Such animal burial grounds should be under constant and long-term supervision of the veterinary service. On the territory of the animal burial ground in the fall, grass vegetation and foreign objects are burned for several years in a row, and seedlings of coniferous trees are planted. Pits for seedlings are dug no deeper than 35-40 cm.

All work carried out at animal burial grounds is carried out in compliance with personal hygiene and prevention measures under the supervision of representatives of veterinary and medical supervision. The equipment used for these works, overalls and footwear are subjected to disinfection at the end of the work.

For each liquidated animal burial ground, a registration card is created in 3 copies, which are stored in the veterinary institutions of the district, region and with the owner of the territory.