Rules for handling biological waste.

biological waste are:

corpses of animals and birds, incl. laboratory;

aborted and stillborn fetuses;

veterinary confiscated products (meat, fish, other products of animal origin) identified after a veterinary and sanitary examination at slaughterhouses, slaughterhouses, meat and fish processing organizations, markets, trade organizations and other objects;

other waste obtained during the processing of food and non-food raw materials of animal origin.

The main document regulating the procedure for the destruction and disposal of animal carcasses are "Veterinary and sanitary rules for the disposal and destruction of animal carcasses and waste obtained during the processing of raw animal products".

After the death of the animal, the veterinarian must examine the corpse and give instructions on the implementation of protective measures in relation to people and animals, as well as on the method of disposal of the corpses. Animal corpses, slaughterhouse confiscated products (waste from the processing of animal products), taking into account the epizootic situation and in accordance with veterinary legislation, are taken out for processing to factories for the production of meat and bone meal, destroyed in biothermal pits or burned.

The corpses of large animals are delivered to places for destruction or disposal by special vehicles. For this purpose, farms are equipped with boxes 2.5 m long, 1.7-2.0 m wide and at least 1 m deep. wooden boxes and their bottom is upholstered with galvanized or roofing iron. Boxes suit with a folding back and side walls. They must be tightly closed, liquid-tight, convenient for loading and unloading, cleaning and disinfection. Transported by cars or wagons. Together with the corpse, it is necessary to take out the top layer of earth (20-25 cm thick) on which it lay. This place should be disinfected with bleach or sulfuric carbolic mixture. The car, wagon, overalls and inventory immediately after the transportation of the corpse, slaughterhouse confiscated goods and other waste must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. It is allowed to open corpses and remove skins only in special rooms at recycling plants or a concrete area near a biothermal pit.

For health and economic reasons best method disinfection of animal corpses and confiscated goods (waste) from the meat, poultry, fish and leather raw materials industries is their processing into veterinary and sanitary recycling plants for obtaining technical and fodder products (meat and bone meal, technical fat, skins, horns, hooves, fertilizers, etc.). Specialists of recycling plants are working to find out the reasons for the death of animals in farms located within their radius of action (50-70 km).

The site for the disposal plant is allocated to be flat, dry, with a low level of standing groundwater, at a distance of at least 1 km from settlements and livestock farms, with good access roads and near the main highways. The territory of the plant is fenced with a high fence, asphalted inside, and trees and shrubs are planted outside. A veterinary checkpoint is being built for the service personnel, and for the disinfection of vehicles at the main entrance to the plant, a disinfection barrier is set up with a gate width of 6 m and a depth of 25 cm.

For the purpose of complete veterinary and sanitary well-being of products obtained at the disposal plant, the entire territory is divided into two isolated production sectors. In the first sector, which is unfavorable in sanitary terms, they receive raw materials (corpses, slaughterhouse confiscated products) and carry out its primary processing (autopsy, skinning, etc.); in the second, prosperous sector, heat treatment, production and storage of products are carried out. Bodies of state veterinary supervision supervise the work of the plant.

In the absence of a veterinary and sanitary plant near, at the direction of a veterinarian, in a number of large specialized farms and poultry farms, animal or poultry carcasses and confiscated products from slaughtered animals are boiled in LAPS boilers and used as animal feed or autoclaved in special boilers in the disposal department of the slaughter and sanitary center farm or complex. In the absence of a plant for the production of meat and bone meal, it is better to destroy (disinfect) animal corpses (not anthrax) in biothermal pits.

Biothermal pits(Czech, Piryatinsky, Bekkari pits) are arranged on a specially designated dry, elevated plot of land with an area of 200 m 2 with a low level of groundwater, at a distance of 1-3 km from residential and livestock buildings, away from pastures, reservoirs, driveways and cattle drives. The site is fenced with a strong fence with a wall height of at least 2 m. On the inside of the fence, a ditch is made 1 m deep and at least 1 m wide. The pits are arranged cylindrical or quadrangular with waterproof walls and bottom, 3 m in diameter at a depth of 9-10 m. stone, brick, reinforced concrete or tarred logs. The log house is surrounded by a clay castle and brought out 20 cm above ground level. The pit is covered with two covers with a lock at a distance of 30 cm from one another, and the space between them is insulated with straw mats in winter. The pit is equipped with an exhaust pipe (25 x 25 cm) and a canopy. A concrete platform or a small room for autopsy is being built nearby.

Under aerobic conditions, corpses decompose within 4-5 months with the formation of compost, devoid of cadaverous smell. At the same time, thermophilic microbes develop in the corpses, due to the activity of which the temperature reaches 60-70ºС, which causes the death of pathogenic microflora.

It is possible to arrange biothermal pits only with the permission of the regional state sanitary inspection and the relevant veterinary departments of the region.

Burning corpses mandatory in cases of infections caused by spore-forming microflora (anthrax, emphysematous carbuncle), and especially dangerous diseases (sap, rabies, rinderpest, bradzot, etc.), when it is forbidden to remove skins in order to avoid dispersion of the infectious agent.

The method of burning corpses has its advantages and negative sides. The positive aspects include, firstly, ensuring the complete destruction of the causative agent of the disease (infection) and, secondly, the possibility of using the ashes of a burnt corpse as fertilizer for plants. The negative point is the loss of such valuable products as meat and bone meal, fat, horns, hooves.

Animal corpses are burned in incinerators various designs and on fires. Corpse incinerators provide the necessary hygienic conditions, take less time and require less effort compared to burning on fires. Incinerators for incineration of corpses can be stationary and mobile.

They are also used to destroy corpses. cattle burial grounds. But from an ecological point of view and modern veterinary and sanitary requirements, burying animal corpses in the ground is unacceptable. At present, they are registered and accurately determined according to the records in veterinary institutions of the epizootological danger.

Depending on this, cattle burial grounds are divided into two categories:

cattle burial grounds where the corpses of animals that died from anthrax were not buried;

cattle burial grounds, where, among others, the corpses of anthrax animals were buried (this also includes cattle burial grounds without precise data on the nature of the burial of corpses, but with registration of anthrax in the area).

Methods for scanning animal burial sites depend on the category of the latter.

On the territory of cattle burial grounds of the first category (not anthrax), after their closure, it is recommended to burn out all available grass vegetation in the coming autumn, as well as burn bones, debris and other foreign objects. After that, the territory can be used for planting shrubs and trees mainly conifers interfering with grass growth. On cattle burial grounds not planted with trees, it is allowed to sow cultivated grasses in order to use them as animal feed, but this can be done only after three years and provided that the site of the cattle burial ground on which the grass was burned was plowed several times in a row for destruction for two consecutive summers. emerging vegetation, increased exposure solar radiation and improve the natural sanitation of the soil. From herbs, it is recommended to sow timothy, sweet clover and the like. The use of a cattle burial ground for a construction site is possible only with the permission of the medical and veterinary sanitary inspections not earlier than 5 years after the last burial of the corpse.

When liquidating cattle burial grounds of the second category, there are more stringent measures. A ditch is dug around the territory of such a cattle burial ground, a fence is erected and thorny bushes are planted in order to exclude the possibility of people and animals entering the cattle burial ground. Where there was an entrance part, they arrange a sign with the inscription: “Closed. Anthrax Cattle Burial Ground". Such animal burial grounds should be under constant and long-term supervision of the veterinary service. On the territory of the animal burial ground in the fall, grass vegetation and foreign objects are burned for several years in a row, and seedlings of coniferous trees are planted. Pits for seedlings are dug no deeper than 35-40 cm.

All work carried out at animal burial grounds is carried out in compliance with personal hygiene and prevention measures under the supervision of representatives of veterinary and medical supervision. The equipment used for these works, overalls and footwear are subjected to disinfection at the end of the work.

For each liquidated animal burial ground, a registration card is created in 3 copies, which are stored in the veterinary institutions of the district, region and with the owner of the territory.

Veterinary and sanitary rules for the collection and disposal of biological waste determine how to deal with the remains and carcasses of animals. They aim to preserve environment and ensure normal conditions livelihoods for the population. Failure to comply with these rules entails serious liability.

General Veterinary Disposal Practices

These rules are mandatory for all owners of animals and for livestock farms, regardless of the peculiarities of their functioning. They are also designed for companies that collect, process, transport and distribute products of biological origin.

Biological waste is called the following:

carcasses of animals;
fetuses stillborn or obtained as a result of abortion;
remains of laboratory animals;
veterinary confiscations received as a result of scheduled and unscheduled inspections;
other types of waste obtained as a result of the processing of veterinary raw materials.

According to established veterinary regulations, the owner of the animal during the day after the discovery of his corpse or stillborn cub is obliged to notify the veterinary specialist about the incident. It is he who determines the procedure for the disposal of the remains of the animal. The cost of transporting waste to the place of processing must be compensated by the owner or manager of the enterprise.

Waste of animal origin must be disposed of only at specialized enterprises. This process can occur by burning, decontamination, sometimes - burial in cattle burial grounds. Dumping is strictly prohibited veterinary waste into reservoirs.

Rules for collecting animal waste for disposal

After examining the corpse, the veterinary specialist presents a permit that allows it to be cleaned and disposed of. The collection of stray animals is the responsibility of the owner of the territory where they are found. If a corpse is found in a vehicle, a person is obliged to contact the nearest state veterinary service, where he can obtain a conclusion on the possibility of disposing of the remains.

Other rules for the collection of biological waste include:

Organization of disposal

transportation of the remains to the disposal site is carried out in a car with a waterproof body that is easy to clean;
after loading the waste, the storage place must be disinfected;
tillage, where the waste was, is treated with bleach and dug up;
the truck, inventory and tools, workwear of workers are disinfected after each transportation.

How is such waste disposed of?

Biological residues that have been approved by the veterinary service for processing into feed are subject to sorting and grinding. Fresh corpses are allowed to be skinned, which must be disinfected in due course. Waste is subject to disposal for several types of feed - bone, feather and meat meal, special feed additives. This process proceeds with the performance of several technological operations:

heating of crushed waste in special vacuum boilers up to a temperature of 130°C;
sterilization for an hour;
drying the resulting mass in a vacuum under a pressure of 0.05-0.06 MPa for several hours;
waste can also be boiled in open boilers for 2 hours from the moment of boiling.

Destruction of biomass by veterinary services

Utilization of the biomaterial can be carried out by burial or incineration. The destruction of animals by the first method is carried out only in individual cases. To do this, it is necessary to dig a trench that meets the requirements of veterinary standards. Its depth should be at least 2 m, and the dimensions depend on the volume of waste dumped. The bottom of the dug pit is covered with lime at the rate of 25 kg per 12 sq. m.

Before the burial of animals, their belly is opened, which prevents self-opening of burial grounds due to accumulated gases. Above such a place, a mound 1 m high must be erected and the territory should be fenced off accordingly.

Corpses of laboratory animals that have been infected certain diseases are always recycled. They can be burned or decontaminated using an autoclave, followed by burial. It all depends on the identified disease.

The incineration of biological waste always takes place under the supervision of a veterinary specialist: in furnace devices or in earthen recesses. To do everything right, they dig two holes located crosswise. Their length should be 2.6 m, width - 600 mm, depth - 500 mm. The trenches are filled with a layer of dry grass and wood waste located to the edge.

At the intersection of two pits, crossbars made of metal profiles are laid, on which the remains are placed. They are covered with sheets of metal, and firewood is doused with kerosene, after which it is set on fire. Inorganic residues that appeared after the combustion of the biomaterial are buried in a trench, which complies with veterinary rules.

The choice of a site for the construction of this facility is entrusted to the local administration, in agreement with the center of veterinary and epidemiological surveillance. The placement of these objects in a protected, park or other protected area is strictly prohibited by veterinary rules.

Biological waste is subject to disposal at animal burial grounds, which are equipped with the following standards:

must be located in elevated areas, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich does not exceed 600 square meters. m;
groundwater level - not less than 2 m from the surface;
the size of the sanitary protection zone: to roads - 0.3 km, to residential buildings - 1 km, pastures - 0.2 km;
the distance between the pits and veterinary organizations is not regulated;
the territory of the animal burial ground must be fenced with a fence with a height of 2 m, with a gate for the entry of vehicles;
along the perimeter of the fenced area, they dig a trench 1-1.4 m, with the arrangement of the shaft from the resulting soil;
when arranging a pit for the disposal of biological waste in the center of the site, a pit 3x3 m with a depth of 10 m is equipped;
over the pit equip a canopy. Nearby equip a room for storage of materials and inventory;
acceptance of the built cattle burial ground is carried out with the participation of representatives of veterinary supervision;
The cattle cemetery must have convenient ways for transport.

Consequences of improper disposal of animals

The owner or the enterprise does not have the authority to independently dispose of biological waste. Specialists of sanitary and veterinary services are necessarily involved in this process.

Rosselkhoznadzor inspectors periodically conduct inspections of territories near settlements. Their goal is to identify unauthorized dumps of biomaterials and identify offenders. Animal burial grounds are checked annually by such specialists.

All violations will result in disciplinary action. At the same time, not proper disposal biological waste has a negative impact on the environment.

Biogas, which is released during the decomposition of corpses, in high concentrations can lead to human death. Exists great amount diseases that can spread from animal remains. Only timely and proper disposal of such waste can prevent such dangers.

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1 VETERINARY AND SANITARY RULES FOR THE COLLECTION, UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF BIOLOGICAL WASTE (approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Russian Federation / 469) (as amended by) 1. General provisions 1.1. The Veterinary and Sanitary Rules for the Collection, Utilization and Destruction of Biological Waste (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are mandatory for animal owners, regardless of the method of farming, as well as organizations, enterprises (hereinafter organizations) of all forms of ownership engaged in the production, transportation, procurement and processing of products and raw materials of animal origin Biological waste is: corpses of animals and birds, incl. laboratory; aborted and stillborn fetuses; veterinary confiscated products (meat, fish, other products of animal origin) identified after a veterinary and sanitary examination at slaughterhouses, slaughterhouses, meat and fish processing organizations, markets, trade organizations and other objects; other waste obtained during the processing of food and non-food raw materials of animal origin. Animal owners, within a period of not more than a day from the moment of death of the animal, the discovery of an aborted or stillborn fetus, are obliged to notify the veterinary specialist who, based on the results of the inspection, determines the procedure for disposal or destruction of biological waste The obligation to deliver biological waste for processing or disposal (incineration) rests with the owner (head of a farm, personal, subsidiary farm, joint-stock company, etc., public utilities service of the local administration) Biological waste is disposed of by processing at veterinary and sanitary recycling plants (workshops) in accordance with applicable regulations, decontaminated in biothermal pits, destroyed by incineration or, in exceptional cases, buried in specially designated places. We have one or more biothermal pits With the introduction of these Rules, the destruction of biological waste by burial in the ground is strictly prohibited. In the area served by the veterinary and sanitary disposal plant, all biological waste, except for those specified in clause 1.9 of these Rules, is processed into meat and bone meal In exceptional cases , at mass death animals from natural disaster and the impossibility of their transportation for disposal, incineration or disinfection in biothermal pits, burial of corpses in the ground is allowed only by decision of the Chief State Veterinary Inspector of the Republic, another subject Russian Federation In the breeding area reindeer(permafrost areas), in the absence of the possibility of building and equipping cattle burial grounds, it is allowed to bury biological waste in earthen pits. To do this, special areas are allocated on pastures and on the path of nomadic herds, if possible on dry, elevated places not visited by deer. Disposal of biological waste into reservoirs, rivers and swamps is prohibited.

2 1.8. It is strictly forbidden to dump biological waste into household garbage containers and their removal to landfills and landfills for burial Biological waste infected or contaminated with pathogens: anthrax, emphysematous carbuncle, plague cattle, camel distemper, rabies, tularemia, tetanus, malignant edema, bluetongue in cattle and sheep, African swine fever, botulism, glanders, epizootic lymphangitis, melioidosis (false glanders), myxomatosis, haemorrhagic disease of rabbits, bird plague, burned on the spot , as well as in incinerators or in specially designated areas; encephalopathy, scrapie, adenomatosis, visna-maedi, are processed into meat and bone meal. In case of impossibility of processing, they are subject to incineration; diseases that have not previously been registered in Russia are burned. If biological waste is contaminated at a dose of 1 10E-6 Cu / kg and above, they are subject to burial in special storage facilities in accordance with the requirements for radioactive waste These Rules determine the conditions for: collection, disposal and destruction of biological waste in livestock complexes (farms), farms, personal, subsidiary farms, settlements, places of accumulation, nomadic (run) animals; when transporting animals and livestock products; non-proliferation of pathogens of infectious and parasitic animal diseases; prevention of human diseases by zooanthroponic diseases; environmental protection from pollution. 2. Cleaning and transportation 2.1. A veterinarian, when examining an animal corpse, stillborn, aborted fetus and other biological waste, gives an opinion on their cleaning, disposal or destruction In accordance with paragraph 4 of clause 6 of the Regulations on the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Ministry Agriculture of the Russian Federation dated November 16, 1993 1162, in the event of an animal suffering from the disease specified in clause 1.9 of these Rules, a representative of the state veterinary supervision gives an instruction binding on all persons to slaughter or destroy animals. Prior to their slaughter or destruction, these persons are obliged to take measures to exclude access to them by unauthorized citizens, as well as animals, including birds and insects. Collection and destruction of the corpses of wild (stray) animals is carried out by the owner in charge of the area ) If a corpse is found in a vehicle on the way or at the place of unloading of animals, their owner is obliged to contact the nearest organization of the state veterinary service, which gives an opinion on the cause of the death, determines the method and place of disposal or destruction of the dead animal Vehicles allocated for the transport of biological waste, equipped with waterproof closed bodies, which are easily sanitized. The use of such transport for the transport of feed and food products prohibited After loading biological waste onto a vehicle, it is mandatory to disinfect the place where it was stored, as well as the inventory and equipment used in the process. The soil (place) where the corpse or other biological waste lay is disinfected with dry bleach at the rate of 5 kg / sq. m, then it is dug up to a depth of 25 cm Vehicles, inventory, tools, equipment are disinfected after each delivery of biological waste for disposal, disinfection or destruction.

3 For disinfection, one of the following chemicals is used: 4% hot sodium hydroxide solution, 3% formaldehyde solution, solution of preparations containing at least 3% active chlorine, at a liquid consumption rate of 0.5 liters per 1 sq. m of area or other disinfectants specified in the current rules for veterinary disinfection of livestock facilities. Overalls are disinfected by soaking in a 2% formaldehyde solution for 2 hours. 3. Disposal 3.1. Biological waste approved by the veterinary service for processing for fodder purposes is sorted and crushed at veterinary and sanitary plants, in the shops of technical products of meat processing plants, and in the recycling shops of livestock farms. It is allowed to remove skins from fresh corpses, which are disinfected in the manner and by means in accordance with the current rules. Recycling shops of livestock farms process biological waste obtained only in this farm. The import of biological waste from other farms and organizations is strictly prohibited. Biological waste is processed into meat and bone, bone, meat, feather meal and other protein feed additives, based on the following technological operations and modes: heating the crushed waste in vacuum boilers up to 130 degrees. C, actual sterilization at 130 deg. C for min. and drying the boiled mass under vacuum at a pressure of 0.05-0.06 MPa at a temperature of deg. C for 3 5 hours When processing bird corpses, biological waste obtained from animals with encephalopathy, scrapie, adenomatosis, visna-maedi, as well as waste crushed with a mass of more than 3 kg, sterilization in vacuum boilers is carried out at a temperature of 130 degrees. C for 60 minutes, in all other cases at 130 degrees. C for 30 minutes Biological waste approved by a veterinarian for processing, except for those specified in clause 3.4, after thorough grinding, can be boiled in open or closed boilers for 2 hours. from the moment the water boils. The resulting boiled feed is used only within the farm for 12 hours. from the moment of manufacture for feeding pigs or poultry as an additive to the main diet. 4. Destruction 4.1. Burial in earthen pits Burial of animal carcasses in earthen pits is permitted in exceptional cases specified in paragraphs and paragraphs of these Rules. At a selected site that meets the requirements of paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3 of these Rules, a trench is dug with a depth of at least 2 m. The length and width of the trench depends on the number of animal corpses. The bottom of the pit is covered with dry bleach or other chlorine-containing disinfectant with an active chlorine content of at least 25%, at the rate of 2 kg per 1 sq. m area. Directly in the trench, before burial, the abdominal cavity of the dead animals is opened in order to prevent spontaneous opening of the grave due to accumulated gases, and then the corpses are sprinkled with the same disinfectant. The trench is covered with excavated earth. A mound with a height of at least 1 m is poured over the grave, and it is enclosed in accordance with the requirements of clause 5.6 of these Rules. Further burials in this place do not carry out Destruction of the corpses of experimentally infected animals The corpses of laboratory animals infected during the diagnostic study of pathological material are disposed of depending on the results of the study.

4 When isolating pathogens listed in clause 1.9 of these Rules, the corpses of laboratory animals are burned or disinfected by autoclaving at 2.0 atm. within 2 hours. followed by the discharge of decontaminated residues into a biothermal pit. In the case of isolation of pathogens of other diseases and with negative results of the study, the corpses are processed at veterinary and sanitary plants, dumped into a biothermal pit or burned. , when working with cultures of pathogenic microorganisms and subsequently fallen or killed, they are burned, disinfected by autoclaving at 1.5 atm. within 2 hours. with subsequent discharge of decontaminated residues into a biothermal pit. The corpses of dead or killed laboratory animals experimentally infected with pathogens of other groups of microorganisms are burned, dumped into biothermal pits or processed into meat and bone meal. Incineration Biological waste is burned under the supervision of a veterinarian, in special furnaces or earthen trenches ( pits) until a non-combustible inorganic residue is formed Methods for constructing earthen trenches (pits) for burning corpses Dig two trenches arranged crosswise, 2.6 m long, 0.6 m wide and 0.5 m deep. A layer of straw is placed at the bottom of the trench, then firewood to the top of the hole. Instead of firewood, rubber waste or other solid combustible materials can be used. In the middle, at the junction of the trenches (cross), crossbeams of raw logs or metal beams are laid and the corpse of an animal is placed on them. On the sides and top, the corpse is covered with firewood and covered with sheets of metal. Firewood in the pit is doused with kerosene or another combustible liquid and set on fire. They dig a pit (trench) 2.5-1.5 m in size and 0.7 m deep, and the excavated earth is laid parallel to the longitudinal edges of the pit in the form of a ridge. The pit is filled with dry firewood, stacked in a cage, up to the upper edge of the pit and across above it. Three to four metal beams or damp logs are placed on the earthen embankment, on which the corpse is then placed. After that, firewood is set on fire. They dig a hole 2.0-2.0 m in size and 0.75 m deep, at the bottom of it they dig a second hole 2.0-1.0 m in size and 0.75 m deep. A layer of straw is placed on the bottom of the lower pit, and fill it with dry firewood. Firewood is doused with kerosene or other flammable liquid. At both ends of the pit, between the pile of firewood and the earthen wall, an empty space of cm in size is left for better air draft. The lower pit is covered with rungs made of damp logs, on which the animal's corpse is placed. Firewood is laid on the sides and top of the corpse, then a layer of peat (dung) and firewood is set on fire in the lower pit. Trenches (pits) of the indicated sizes are intended for burning the corpses of large animals. When burning the corpses of small animals, the dimensions are accordingly reduced. The ash and other unburned inorganic residues are buried in the same pit where the burning was carried out. 5. Placement and construction of animal burial grounds (biothermal pits) 5.1. Choice and withdrawal land plot for the construction of a cattle burial ground or a stand-alone biothermal pit, local administration bodies are carried out on the proposal of the organization of the state veterinary service, agreed with the local center for sanitary and epidemiological surveillance. Placement of cattle burial grounds (biothermal pits) in water protection, forest park and protected areas is strictly prohibited.

5 5.3. Animal burial grounds (biothermal pits) are placed on a dry, elevated plot of land with an area of at least 600 square meters. m. The standing level of groundwater must be at least 2 m from the ground. cattle passes and pastures 200 m; automotive, railways depending on their category m Biothermal pits located on the territory of state veterinary organizations are part of auxiliary facilities. The distance between the pit and the production buildings of veterinary organizations located on this territory is not regulated. The territory of the cattle burial ground (biothermal pit) is surrounded by a blank fence at least 2 m high with an entrance gate. From the inside of the fence around the entire perimeter, they dig a trench 0.8-1.4 m deep and at least 1.5 m wide with a shaft made of excavated soil. A bridge is thrown across the trench. During the construction of a biothermal pit in the center of the site, they dig a hole measuring 3.0-3.0 m and a depth of 10 m. The walls of the pit are laid out of red brick or other waterproof material and removed 40 cm above ground level with a blind area. A layer of gravel is laid at the bottom of the pit and poured with concrete. The walls of the pit are plastered with concrete mortar. The overlap of the pit is made two-layer. Insulation is laid between the layers. In the center of the overlap, a cm-sized hole is left, tightly closed with a lid. An exhaust pipe with a diameter of 25 cm and a height of 3 m is led out of the pit. Above the pit at a height of 2.5 m, a canopy is built with a length of 6 m, a width of 3 m. A room is attached nearby for opening animal corpses, storing disinfectants, inventory, overalls and tools (biothermal pit) is carried out with the obligatory participation of representatives of the state veterinary and sanitary supervision with the preparation of an acceptance certificate Animal burial ground (biothermal pit) must have convenient access roads. Before entering its territory, a hitching post is arranged for animals that were used to deliver biological waste. 6. Operation 6.1. Animal burial grounds and biothermal pits owned by organizations are operated at their expense The gates of the animal burial ground and the covers of biothermal pits are locked with locks, the keys to which are kept by specially appointed persons or a veterinary specialist of the farm (department) on whose territory the object is located Biological waste before being dumped into a biothermal pit for disinfection subjected to a veterinary examination. At the same time, the compliance of each material (by tags) with supporting documents. If necessary, a pathoanatomical autopsy is performed. After each discharge of biological waste, the lid of the pit is tightly closed. During the decomposition of a biological substrate under the action of thermophilic bacteria, an environmental temperature of the order of deg. C, which ensures the death of pathogenic microorganisms Allowed reuse biothermal pit 2 years after the last discharge of biological waste and the exclusion of the anthrax pathogen in samples of gummed material taken over the entire depth of the pit every 0.25 m. The gummed residue is buried in the ground on the territory of the cattle burial ground.

6 After cleaning the pit, the integrity of the walls and the bottom is checked, and if necessary, they are repaired. take, take out, take out the earth and the gummed residue beyond its limits. The settled mounds of old graves at cattle burial grounds are subject to mandatory restoration. The height of the mound must be at least 0.5 m above the ground In exceptional cases, with the permission of the Chief State Veterinary Inspector of the Republic, another subject of the Russian Federation, it is allowed to use the territory of the cattle burial ground for industrial construction, if at least 2 years have passed since the last burial: at least 2 years have passed into the biothermal pit ; in an earthen pit for at least 25 years. An industrial facility should not be associated with the reception, production and processing of food and feed. Construction works it is allowed to carry out only after disinfection of the territory of the cattle burial ground with methyl bromide or another preparation in accordance with the current rules and subsequent negative laboratory analysis samples of soil and humic residue for anthrax In case of flooding of the cattle burial ground during the construction of hydraulic structures or flood waters, its territory is ditched with a trench at least 2 m deep. The trench and the territory of the animal burial ground are concreted. The thickness of the concrete layer above the ground must be at least 0.4 m Responsibility for the arrangement, sanitary condition and equipment of the cattle burial ground (biothermal pit) in accordance with these Rules rests with the local administration, heads of organizations in charge of these facilities. 7. Control over the fulfillment of the requirements of these Rules 7.1. Control over the fulfillment of the requirements of these Rules is assigned to the bodies of state veterinary supervision. Specialists of the state veterinary service regularly, at least twice a year (in spring and autumn), check the veterinary and sanitary condition of animal burial grounds (biothermal pits). If violations are detected, they give an order to eliminate them or prohibit the operation of the facility. All newly opened, operating and closed cattle burial grounds and free-standing biothermal pits are taken into account by the chief state veterinary inspector of the district (city). They are assigned an individual number and issued a veterinary and sanitary card (see Appendix). * * * With the approval of these Rules, the “Veterinary and Sanitary Rules for the Disposal, Cleaning and Destruction of Animal Carcasses and Waste Obtained from the Processing of Raw Animal Products”, approved by the USSR Ministry of Agriculture on April 6, 1951 and agreed with the All-Union State Sanitary Inspectorate on March 14, 1951. [Appendix not included]

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Waste of biological origin poses a danger to the surrounding people, as they can become a hotbed for the spread of pathogenic microbes and viruses.

Biological waste is nothing more than the remains of the processing of the meat industry, dead birds and animals, as well as organs and tissues that were formed as a result of medical operations and abortions. All of the above waste poses a direct threat, and they should be handled with extreme caution, guided by the current sanitary rules for our country. The rules for the disposal of biological waste divide them into classes 1 and 2 according to the level of hazard.

In particular, the following wastes belong to the 1st hazard class:

Dead animals.
Dead birds.
Corpses of laboratory animals.

The sanitary rules establish that biological waste of the 1st hazard class is subject to mandatory disposal. It can be done by . All of them must undergo preliminary disinfection.

Hazard class 2 includes:

infected infectious diseases animal remains,
skin particles and biological materials of infectious medical institutions,
as well as biomaterials that had direct contact with infected patients.

After the waste has been collected and appropriately packaged, it is transported to a decontamination site. The procedure for decontamination of biological waste of the 1st hazard class is mandatory before their disposal. It is allowed not to subject the meat industry waste to the disinfection procedure - they are simply burned in high-temperature furnaces - cremators.

Veterinary rules for the disposal and destruction of biological waste of the 2nd hazard class provide for their unconditional destruction. At the same time, the destruction process is directly controlled by employees. public service Rosselkhoznadzor. Modern veterinary and sanitary rules for the collection and disposal of biological waste provide for the possibility of burying biowaste belonging to the 1st hazard category. However, in recent times for their disposal, special companies with permits began to use the incineration method. It is carried out in special ovens - cremators. Existing rules disposal of biological waste provide for the possibility of epidemiological danger, which may represent biological waste. After all, they may well become a source of the spread of all kinds of dangerous infections and infecting people with them. Here are some dangerous consequences may result in violation of the rules for the disposal of biological waste.

In case of detection of waste of animal origin, in no case should they be disposed of independently. This complex and time-consuming business should be handled by specially trained employees of companies that have the appropriate licenses, giving them the right to carry out such activities. At the same time, with regard to waste of the 2nd category of safety, the veterinary rules for the disposal and destruction of biological waste provide for the presence of representatives of regulatory organizations at the disposal site.

The disposal of biological waste using modern cremators is characterized by reliability and economy. Provide this service to highest level quality ready our company. If you want the service for the disposal of hazardous biological waste to be performed with high quality and in the shortest possible time - please contact us!

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44. Methods for the destruction of biological waste

Biological waste are: corpses of animals and birds, incl. laboratory; aborted and stillborn fetuses; veterinary confiscated products (meat, fish, other products of animal origin) identified after a veterinary and sanitary examination at slaughterhouses, slaughterhouses, meat and fish processing organizations, markets, trade organizations and other facilities; other waste obtained during the processing of food and non-food raw materials of animal origin.

If the veterinary and sanitary measures regulating all stages of technological processing are not observed, these raw wastes can be infected with pathogenic microorganisms, including pathogens that are especially dangerous for animals and humans. In the corpses and organs of animals that died from infectious diseases, the microorganisms that caused the disease remain viable for a long time, retaining their pathogenic properties.

Thus, spores of the anthrax pathogen do not die in decaying cadaveric material, tubercle bacillus persists up to 12 months, swine erysipelas bacteria up to 12 months, pasteurellosis pathogen up to 4 months, rabies up to 3 months.

It is forbidden to dump biological waste into water bodies, rivers and swamps, into household garbage containers and take them to landfills and landfills for burial.

Animal owners, within a period of not more than a day from the moment of death of the animal, the discovery of an aborted or stillborn fetus, are obliged to notify the veterinary specialist who, on the spot, based on the results of the inspection, determines the procedure for the disposal or destruction of biological waste. The responsibility for the delivery of biological waste for processing or disposal (incineration) rests with the owner (head of a farm, personal, subsidiary farm, joint-stock company, etc., public utilities service of the local administration).

The collection and destruction of the corpses of wild (stray) animals is carried out by the owner, who is in charge of the given area (in settlements - public utilities). If a corpse is found in vehicles en route or at the place of unloading animals, their owner is obliged to contact the nearest organization of the state veterinary service, which gives an opinion on the cause of the death, determines the method and place of disposal or destruction of the fallen animal.

In case of radioactive contamination of biological waste at a dose of 61x10 Cu/kg and above, they are subject to burial in special storage facilities in accordance with the requirements for radioactive waste.

Cleaning up corpses. When an animal dies, measures are taken to clean up the corpse. If this cannot be done, the corpse is covered with a layer of earth, grass, straw, etc. to prevent the spread of infection by insects, dogs, wild carnivores and birds. Animal corpses are transported on specially equipped vehicles with a bottom impervious to liquid and iron-covered sides. The place where the corpse lay is disinfected with dry bleach at the rate of 5 kg / m, then it is dug up to a depth of 25 cm, inventory and vehicles are also subject to immediate disinfection (4% hot sodium hydroxide solution, 3% formaldehyde solution, solution of preparations containing at least 3% active chlorine).

Biological waste is disposed of in 3 ways: processing at sanitary recycling plants (workshops); destruction by incineration; disinfection in biothermal pits.

Destruction of biological waste by burial in the ground is strictly prohibited. In exceptional cases, in case of mass death of animals from a natural disaster and the impossibility of transporting them for disposal, incineration or disinfection in biothermal pits, burial of corpses in the ground is allowed only with the permission of the Chief State Inspector of the Republic, another subject of the Russian Federation. At the chosen place, a trench is dug with a depth of at least 2 m. The length and width of the trench depends on the number of animal corpses. The bottom of the pit is covered with dry bleach or other chlorine-containing disinfectant with an active chlorine content of at least 25% at the rate of 2 kg / m of area. Directly in the trench, before burial, the abdominal cavity of the dead animals is opened in order to prevent spontaneous opening of the grave due to accumulated gases, and then the corpses are sprinkled with the same disinfectant. The trench is covered with excavated earth. A mound at least 1 m high is poured over the grave, and it is enclosed. There are no further burials at this location.

Disposal. Biological waste approved by the veterinary service for processing for fodder purposes is sorted and crushed at veterinary and sanitary plants, in the shops of technical products of meat processing plants, and in the recycling shops of livestock farms. It is allowed to remove skins from fresh corpses, which are disinfected in the manner and by means in accordance with the current rules. Utilization shops of livestock farms process biological waste obtained only in this farm. The importation of biological waste from other farms and organizations is strictly prohibited. Biological waste is processed into meat and bone, bone, meat, feather meal and other protein feed additives, based on the following technological operations and modes: heating the crushed waste in vacuum boilers to 130 ° C for 30-60 minutes. and drying the boiled mass under vacuum at a pressure of 0.05-0.06 MPa at a temperature of 70-80 ° C for 3-5 hours.

Burning. The incineration of biological waste is carried out under the supervision of a veterinarian in specialized furnaces or earthen trenches until a non-combustible inorganic residue is formed.

They dig 2 trenches arranged crosswise, 2.6 m long, 0.6 m wide and 0.5 m deep. A layer of straw is placed at the bottom of the trench, then firewood to the upper edge of the pit. Instead of firewood, rubber waste or other solid combustible materials can be used. In the middle, at the junction of the trenches (cross), crossbeams of raw logs or metal beams are laid and the corpse of an animal is placed on them. On the sides and top, the corpse is covered with firewood and covered with sheets of metal. Firewood in the pit is doused with kerosene or other flammable liquid and set on fire.

Ash and other unburned inorganic residues are buried in the same pit where the burning was carried out.

Biometric pits (graveyards). The selection and allotment of a land plot for the construction of a cattle burial ground or a separate biothermal pit is carried out by the local administration bodies on the proposal of the organization of the state veterinary service, agreed with the local center for sanitary and epidemiological surveillance.

Placement of animal burial grounds (biothermal pits) in water protection, forest park and protected areas is strictly prohibited.

Animal burial grounds (biothermal pits) are placed on a dry elevated plot of land with an area of at least 600 m 2. The level of standing groundwater should be at least 2 m from the surface of the earth. The size of the sanitary protection zone from the cattle burial ground (biothermal pit) to: - residential, public buildings, livestock farms (complexes) - 1000 m; – cattle passes and pastures – 200 m; - roads, railways, depending on their category - 50-300 m. Biothermal pits located on the territory of state veterinary organizations are part of auxiliary facilities. The distance between the pit and the production buildings of veterinary organizations located on this territory is not regulated. The territory of the cattle burial ground (biothermal pit) is surrounded by a blank fence with a height of at least 2 m with an entrance gate. From the inside of the fence around the entire perimeter, they dig a trench with a depth of 0.8-1.4 m and a width of at least 1.5 with a shaft made of curved soil. A bridge is thrown across the trench. During the construction of a biothermal pit in the center of the site, they dig a hole 3.0x3.0 m in size and 10 m deep. The walls of the pit are laid out of red brick or other waterproof material and lead out 40 cm above ground level with a blind area. A layer of gravel is laid at the bottom of the pit and poured with concrete. The walls of the pit are plastered with concrete mortar. The overlap of the pit is made two-layer. Insulation is laid between the layers. In the center of the overlap, a hole 30x30 cm in size is left, tightly closed with a lid. An exhaust pipe with a diameter of 25 cm and a height of 3 m is taken out of the pits. A canopy 6 m long and 3 m wide is built above the pit at a height of 2.5 m. A room is attached nearby for opening animal corpses, storing disinfectants, inventory, overalls and tools. Acceptance of the built cattle burial ground (biothermal pit) is carried out with the obligatory participation of representatives of the state and sanitary supervision with the preparation of an acceptance certificate.

Animal burial ground (biothermal pit) should have convenient access roads. Before entering its territory, a hitching post is arranged for animals that were used to deliver biological waste.