Which edge plants are listed in red. What plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia

And plants on Earth that are in danger of extinction.

Here you will learn about some of the rarest animals listed in the Red Book of Russia, and which should be protected, paying special attention to them.

Rare and endangered animals of Russia: Red or mountain wolf

This representative of the animal world has a body up to 1 meter long and can weigh from 12 to 21 kg. Outwardly, it can be confused with a fox, and this is precisely one of the main reasons for its extinction. Hunters who know little about animals shoot down the mountain wolf en masse.

He attracted the attention of people with his fluffy fur, which has a beautiful bright red color. It is also worth noting that his tail is slightly different from the fox, having a black tip. The habitat of this wolf is the Far East, China and Mongolia.

The rarest animals in Russia: Przewalski's horse

Only about two thousand representatives of this species remained on Earth. Interesting fact- as an experimental project, in the early 1990s, several individuals were released into the wild, and not just somewhere, but into the exclusion zone Chernobyl nuclear power plant. There they began to breed, and now there are about a hundred of them in the zone.

Rare animal species of Russia: Amur goral

This subspecies of the mountain goat lives in the Primorsky Territory. Usually the Amur goral lives and moves in small groups of 6 - 8 individuals. In Russia, there are about 700 individuals. It is worth noting that a species similar to the Amur goral can be found on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Himalayas.

Animals in the Red Book of Russia (photo): West Caucasian tur or Caucasian mountain goat

The West Caucasian tur lives in the mountains of the Caucasus, namely along the Russian-Georgian border. It was recorded in the Red Book of Russia "thanks" to the activities of people, and also because of mating with the East Caucasian tur. The latter leads to the birth of infertile individuals.

Animals from the Red Book of Russia: Atlantic walrus

The habitat of this rare species is the Barents and Kara Seas. An adult can reach a length of 4 meters, and the weight of an Atlantic walrus can be about one and a half tons. It is worth noting that by the middle of the twentieth century, this species was almost completely exterminated. Today, thanks to the efforts of specialists, it is registered small stature population, although it is not yet possible to say the exact number, since without special equipment it is extremely difficult to get to the rookeries of these representatives of the animal world.

What animals are in the Red Book of Russia: Sea lion

This 3-meter Pacific eared seal lives on the Kuril and Commander Islands, as well as in Kamchatka and Alaska. An adult male can reach a length of 3 meters, and it can weigh up to one ton.

Endangered Species in Russia: White-faced Dolphin

Like the body of a sea lion, the body of this animal can reach a length 3 meters. The short-headed dolphin has black sides and fins. You can meet him in the Baltic and Barents Seas.

The Red Book of Russia is a unique publication that contains a list of rare and endangered plants, fungi, insects, birds and animals. It should be studied at school so that the younger generation knows how to save and increase natural resources for future generations.

general characteristics

Red Books are different: national, international and regional. The first attempts to unite in one edition all the endangered representatives of flora and fauna mankind made 50 years ago. In 1963, the first, still very meager list was published. They decided to call it red, since it is this color that signals the important, what needs to be highlighted and emphasized.

When our state gained independence, it got its own list of endangered species of flora and fauna - the Red Book of Russia. What plants and animals entered there can be seen in a copy for 2001. This is the last complete edition, supplemented and improved. As for the flora volume, it was updated in 2008.

It is known that at the end of 2015 a new Red Book of Russia will be released. This was announced recently by the Minister natural resources and ecology. According to him, the leading experts of the country are now working on its content, who are deleting obsolete samples from the list and adding new copies.

Medicinal plants of the Red Book of Russia

There are a lot of them here. By using these plants traditional medicine, man mindlessly destroys living specimens in nature. Often, by uprooting the stem, he does not allow it to sprout again next spring. At the same time, it is known that many inhabitants of the hinterland are engaged in gathering. They don't care that much about own health how to make it profitable business: herbs sell pharmaceutical companies or manufacturing organizations. For example, only in one Omsk region medicinal plants rob about 110 thousand people. In fact, these are all village men and women of working age.

What plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia? Of the medicinal, it is, first of all, Rhodiola rosea, forest pine, belladonna, or belladonna, colchicum splendid and others. Such plants for medical purposes are often grown in specially created fields for this purpose. From here they are then torn off by professional biologists, while observing all the rules of collection.

Ginseng

Rare plants of the Red Book of Russia are under the tireless care and protection of the state. Among them is ginseng - a real miracle of the world of flora. In many countries, it is considered a cure for all ailments, even with Latin The name of the plant is translated as "panacea".

The most valuable thing in ginseng is its root. In length, it often reaches 15 centimeters. Numerous branches grow from it, often taking a bizarre shape. It is believed that the use will not only be able to get rid of diseases, but also save vitality and youth even among the elderly.

Like all plants of the Red Book of Russia, the description of which you will find on the pages of the latest edition, ginseng does not grow throughout our country. He gravitates more towards the land of the Far East, Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. Interestingly, in nature, its appearance is associated with the intervention of the Gods. In China, they are sure that it is a lightning strike into the source that makes the water go underground, in its place the blessed higher powers"root of life" ginseng.

Belladonna

Also known as belladonna. Belladonna and ginseng are not only medicinal, but also forest plants Red Book of Russia. The first is found in a herbaceous form on the edges, the second has the form of a shrub and is sometimes located even in the very depths of a deciduous thicket. The fruit is a dark blue berry the size of a cherry. You can not eat them, as they are very poisonous. After swallowing a few berries, even an adult gets severe form poisoning, not to mention children.

Belladonna is common in the southern and central regions of Russia. Her healing properties unraveled by our ancestors. In ancient times, women squeezed juice from berries and put it in their eyes. This dilated the pupils, the look became clear and brilliant. If the juice was rubbed into the skin of the face, then the cheeks became ruddy from this, the skin looked healthy. Belladonna is listed in the Red Book as a valuable pharmacological material. Additionally, it is grown in Krasnodar Territory in farms specially created for this purpose.

Pine

What plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia? Be aware that these are not only herbaceous specimens, like ginseng, and artisanal, like belladonna. There are also trees among them. For example, pine. There are many varieties of it, five of them are under state protection: European cedar, grave, Cretaceous, Eldar and Pitsunda.

In Russia, pine is usually found in coniferous forests: near peat bogs, on the slopes of mountains and at their very peaks. Loves different climate: both moderate in the botanical gardens, and hard, at an altitude of about two thousand meters. Pine seeds are especially valued. Their seeds, which are also called nuts, contain a lot of useful substances, vitamins, oils and acids.

The healing properties of pine fruits were discovered in the 18th century. They were brewed, alcohol tinctures and ointments were made from them. It was believed that "pine nuts" can not only restore youth, but also lost male power. Today, milk made from cones helps with diseases. Bladder and kidneys.

Flowers in the Red Book of Russia

Unfortunately, this edition contains not only simple plants, bushes and trees, but also flowers. People pick snowdrops in the forests, oblivious to the fact that they are endangered. Just for the sake of profit and short-term pleasure from a flowering twig, they destroy entire glades of rare specimens.

Due to human greed and lack of culture, the pearl of any lake will soon completely disappear from the face of the Earth - an elegant water lily. Less and less often you can see bluebells, irises, peonies in the field or in the forest. Humanity is in danger of losing irretrievably many species spring flowers: oak anemone, lungwort,

Therefore, the state has taken many of them under its own protection and severely suppresses any violations in this area. It is known that in Moscow and other Russian cities it is forbidden to pick flowers in forested areas. Herbs need to learn to protect from childhood, so that in the future our planet does not lose its main treasures.

Water lily

Ecology lessons should be held in every school so that children know from an early age which plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia. Perhaps in this way it will be possible to save some species from complete extinction, including the beautiful queen of the waters - the water lily. Every year the number of this flower decreases exponentially.

They bloom for a long time, almost all the warm season - from May to August. In the morning, with the first rays of the sun, the bud opens. In the evening, he tightly closes the petals. A stunning sight can be seen at dawn: flowers emerge from the depths of the lake on their boat-leaves and open towards a new day. Humanity may soon lose this wonderful phenomenon forever, so the flower was "sheltered" on its pages by the Red Book of Russia (plants).

The water lily is not only a beautiful representative of the flora, it also has magical properties. At least, our ancestors firmly believed in it. They believed that she revives strength in a person in order to defeat the enemy, and also protects and protects him from troubles, envy and sorrows. If a scoundrel with dirty thoughts and a dark soul touched her, then the water lily was even capable of destroying him. Believers wore a dried flower as an amulet, putting it in an amulet.

Violet

The list of plants in the Red Book of Russia includes both this beautiful and delicate flower. He loves the soil near water bodies, on the edges of forests, especially coniferous ones, on rocky slopes. You can meet him in the Irkutsk region, Buryatia, Altai and Krasnoyarsk territories. The incised violet reproduces with the help of seeds. They are not formed every year, so this flower was on the verge of extinction.

The ancient Greeks drew attention to a charming plant. In this country, she was under the auspices of Persephone, abducted by Hades to the kingdom of the dead. Since then, the flower has been a symbol of dying and resurrecting nature.

Today, the population has drastically declined. Humanity also had a hand in the biological features that lead to extinction. Exploring new areas for the development of tourism and Agriculture, it destroys entire plantations of the plant. As a result, we are losing one of the most beautiful purple flowers on the planet.

Lily of the valley

Rare plants of the Red Book of Russia include this name in their list. An amazing flower, a real miracle of nature, was under the protection of environmentalists because of its mass destruction by people. The legend tells that lilies of the valley were formed from the endless stream of tears of the girl behind the groom. Falling on the grass, they turned into small white buds.

Lilies of the valley grow in the European part of Russia, they are also found in the forests of the Caucasus and Far East. At the same time, the plant prefers shady places. In height reaches 20-25 centimeters. After the buds fade, green berries form in their places, which turn red over time. Despite this, they are actively used in the treatment of heart disease, ophthalmic ailments, neurosis and depression. They are often uprooted in large numbers. Therefore, together with other representatives of the flora, this flower is very vulnerable and needs to be protected.

Knowing now which plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia, you will pay more attention to their value. By sharing this information with your children, you will teach them to love. the world, protect it and increase it.

Instruction

Violet incised - one of the most delicate and beautiful flowers. It grows on the edges coniferous forests, rocky slopes, meadows and river banks. Purple corollas are the main charm of this flower. This type of plant reproduces exclusively by seeds, which are not formed annually. That is why the fragrant violet is listed in the Red Book of Russia.

The yellow water lily got its name from its closest relative, the white water lily. It grows in shallow water, in water. Its leaves are located both on the surface and under water. For your fruit official name the yellow water lily received a pod. The plant blooms from the end of May until August with yellow and large flowers. Tear them off as medicinal product as well as for bouquets.

Lily saranka (royal curls, oil, badun, curly) - beautiful pink, lilac or snow-white, with dark dots, flowers. They have beautifully curved petals. The locust blooms in June-July. The steppes of Siberia are also considered the birthplace of this plant. There is a legend that this flower gives warriors stamina, courage, and fortitude. Lily saranka is beautiful in bouquets, and its tubers are considered. In addition, the plant is widely used in folk medicine, which was the reason for its destruction by people.

Bellflower is a plant that grows exclusively in Russia, in Chechen Republic, North Ossetia, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria. He has unusually beautiful flowers, which are located on long peduncles. This plant is plucked for ornamental appearance. In addition, its numbers have been significantly reduced as a result of various construction work at the place of its growth.

Spotted palmate root experts refer to the orchid family. You can meet him in the European part of Russia. are blooming purple flowers on racemose inflorescences surrounded by many spotted leaves. They are beautiful from a decorative point of view. The tubers of the plant also have medicinal properties. The powder, which is extracted from the dried plant, is used as an emollient, tonic, enveloping and anti-inflammatory agent.

Iris yellow (water, swamp, false air) grows in the European part of Russia in swampy meadows, along the damp banks of rivers and lakes. Made from yellow iris essential oil which is used in perfumery. In addition, the dried rhizomes of the plant are used in the production of liqueurs, wines and other drinks, in the confectionery industry.

1. What is the Red Book? Use your textbook to complete the definition.

- This is a book that contains information about rare and endangered plants and animals.

2. Using the textbook, color the plants from the Red Book and sign their names.

3. The wise turtle asks if you know animals from the Red Book. Cut and paste the drawings from the App.

4. Draw up and write down the general outline of the story about rare plant or animal.

Appearance.
Habitats.
What do they eat.
Reasons for extinction.

Irbis - snow leopard

One of the rare endangered animal species is the snow leopard, which is also called the irbis. This is a very beautiful representative of the cat family: smoky gray with ring-shaped dark spots, very flexible, with thick strong paws and a long fluffy tail.

Irbis live in the mountains of Central and South Asia. For example, in Russia they live in the Caucasus, as well as in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tuva, Khakassia, the Altai Republic and Buryatia. Snow leopards prefer rocky mountains and alpine meadows, located at an altitude of 1500 - 4000 meters above sea level.

Irbis are the real predators. They prefer to hunt large prey: mountain goats, rams, deer, wild boars, roe deer, deer and argali. However, do not refuse Snow leopards and from smaller game: pheasants, birds - snowcocks and hares.

The snow leopards themselves also often became the object of hunting because of the beautiful unusual fur. Poachers massively caught snow leopards and sold their precious skins for fabulous prices. As a result, by the beginning of the 21st century, the number of snow leopards had decreased to several thousand individuals. So estimated World Fund There are only 3500-7500 snow leopards left in the wild in the world.

Now hunting for snow leopards is prohibited. These animals are listed in the Red Book, and in Russia in 2010 a program for studying and monitoring the population of these animals "Irbis Snow Leopard" began to operate.

5. Write down what plants and animals of your region are listed in the Red Book.

steppe polecat, gray hamster, great bittern, red heron.

According to the instructions of the textbook, prepare a message about any plant or animal from the Red Book. Use the general outline of a story about a rare plant or animal. Write down the basic information about it according to the points of the plan.

Appearance.
Habitats.
What do they eat.
Reasons for extinction.
Measures for the conservation of an endangered species.

Muskrat

The desman is an unusual furry animal from the mole family. The desman has a long nose- trunk, sensitive whiskers - vibrissae and a very long thick tail. Its body is covered with thick velvety grayish-silvery fur, and fingers on short paws are equipped with swimming membranes.

The muskrat lives mainly on the territory of Russia: in the basin of the Dnieper, Volga, Don and Ural. The muskrat is also found in Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. Usually this animal lives in minks, the entrance to which opens directly under the water of a small lake or river.

Desmans feed on beetles, mollusks, leeches and insect larvae. Despite the fact that the food of this animal is mostly small, it eats a lot of it - in one day it can eat food weighing equal to the weight the most desman. That is why during the hungry winter months desmans add small fish to their diet.

Oddly enough, it was not poaching that led to the extinction of the muskrat as a species. The reason for the decline of the species was a change in the habitat of the animal. Deforestation, pollution of water bodies, drainage of lakes and rivers, the construction of dams and dams - all this has reduced the number of water bodies suitable for desman life. And if the animals have nowhere to live, then their number immediately decreased.

To preserve this endangered species, muskrat fishing is now completely prohibited in our country. Also, 4 reserves and 80 reserves have been created, in which one third of the remaining animals live.

Protecting the animal and plant world from themselves is truly a grimace of the fate of mankind. Somewhere there was an invisible boundary between good and evil, between destroyers and defenders. And on the other side of this border there are people who are unable to understand that we are no better than all other creations of nature. That you can’t kill the mother of cubs for the sake of a skin, throw away a still-living sturgeon with a belly gutted for the sake of black caviar. What is impossible for the sake of profit simply cannot be built treatment facilities and kill everything around. Throw fuel oil into the water area and pretend that you simply do not see the birds, fish, and animals dying in agony.

One can talk long and tediously about anthropogenization, count the losses of flora and fauna, but not see behind this the eyes of animals choking on oil, the fading gaze of a tiger killed for fun, and simply the disappearance of hundreds of thousands of animals and plants without a trace.

A person needs to decide for himself at what cost he wants to be the master of this planet, and understand that this price ultimately includes his life. For this, they created the International Red Book, and for this they created the Red Book of Russia.

The definition "The Red Book is an annotated list of rare and endangered animals, plants and fungi" sounds dry and impersonal. And the more tragic is the long list included in it:

extinct species;
disappeared in wild nature species;
species on the verge of extinction;
endangered species;
vulnerable species.

Nevertheless, the compilation of such books is an urgent need, since they are the basis for the protection legislation.

Endangered animals from the Red Book of Russia for children

It is necessary to cultivate love and respect for wildlife from an early age. That is why books written specifically for children are so relevant and in demand: "Animals from the Red Book of Russia", "Plants from the Red Book of Russia" and others.

The Red Book of Russia contains detailed description animal species threatened by extinction or complete disappearance, species, the number of which sometimes does not exceed several tens of individuals.

The list of such species, unfortunately, is very large, and to describe them all, entire book volumes are required. Therefore, we will consider only some representatives of the fauna protected by the Red Book.

The red wolf, also known as a mountain dog, is the only representative of the Cuon genus of the canine family that has survived to this day. This rare species, which now lives only in the Primorsky Territory, is teetering on the brink of extinction. Beautiful long hair with a copper-red tint, combined with the rarity of these animals, make them a favorite object of "real hunters" (in other words, poachers).

Manul is a huge wild long-haired and very fluffy cat, whose habitat extends to Transbaikalia, Altai and the Republic of Tyva. There are Siberian, Central Asian and Tibetan varieties of this animal.

Protected plants from the Red Book of Russia with photos and names

Active economic activity It dispersed man and destroyed not only many animals, it consistently and methodically contributes to the destruction of the country's plant resources. In addition to the direct impact on the flora, changes in natural landscapes (deforestation, drainage of swamps, changes in the course of rivers) inevitably lead to climate change. The latter are the cause of the disappearance of native plant species.

First necessary measure for the conservation of rare and endangered species is their complete inventory and inclusion in the lists of the Red Book of Russia. On the this moment The list of protected plants includes the names of more than 500 representatives of the Russian flora belonging to the following departments:

angiosperms;
gymnosperms;
ferns;
lycopsid;
bryophytes;
lichens;
mushrooms.

One of the most mysterious plants affected by human activity is considered to be true ginseng. There are many interesting legends about him. The status of "panacea" (translated from Latin) and "root of life" is on the verge of extinction.

Rare birds listed in the Red Book of Russia

Strictly speaking, birds are included in the list of the fauna section of the Red Book of Russia and are considered along with other classes of animals.

The list of species included in the Red Book includes more than 120 species of various birds that are subject to protection. A significant part of the list is made up of birds of prey, a little less - waterfowl species, as well as representatives of the passerine order.

The status of populations of many of them is determined by six categories of status:

0 - probably extinct species;
1 - endangered species;
2 - species declining in number;
3 — rare species;
4 — species of indeterminate status;
5 - recoverable and recovering species.

The largest species is considered to be an endangered species. sea bird Russia - white-backed albatross. Habitat - Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Commanders, Kuriles and Primorsky Krai.