Types of natural disasters and methods of dealing with them. Tornadoes: causes and methods of forecasting Methods for dealing with hurricanes

The 2017 hurricane season was especially devastating for the United States and the Caribbean, bringing two powerful hurricanes at once - Harvey and Irma - which led to numerous deaths and significant damage. In preparation for the arrival of the elements, many residents of endangered areas were definitely thinking about whether there was a way to stop the elements. Scientists and meteorologists all over the world also thought about it.

The invention of the Ukrainian scientist

Professor of the Department of Methods of Teaching Physics and Chemistry, Rivne State humanitarian university Victor Bernatsky back in 2013invented a simple and cheap device, which, according to his calculations, can stop a hurricane of any strength, writes LB.ua.

The invention was presented by a student of the professor at international conference for hurricane control in the Netherlands, after the report, representatives of the United States and Singapore became interested in the device.

The scientist said that the principle of operation of his device is very simple. The fan system creates air currents that are directed against the currents of the hurricane. The hurricane itself sets the fans in motion.

“That is, the hurricane itself launches the device and extinguishes itself with the same. He doesn't need any extra energy sources. It works at the moment of a hurricane,” Bernatsky said.

According to his calculations, in order to tame a hurricane, it is necessary to place about 100 such devices measuring 1x3 or 2x6 meters along the coastline.

“The cost of one of them is a maximum of a thousand dollars, the device can be made in a day, and if production is established on an industrial scale, then all the necessary quantity will be manufactured within a month,” he explained, adding that his device could prevent billions of dollars of damage. and save human lives.

The Rivne inventor was awarded the gold medal of the European Scientific and Industrial Chamber for this device.

Spraying reagents and calling precipitation

While the effectiveness of this device has not been tested and proven, but on this moment meteorologists have other ways to “extinguish” hurricanes, but not very strong ones, writes Komsomolskaya Pravda.

The United States began trying to manage hurricanes as early as the mid-1960s. One of the successful experiments was carried out in 1969 off the coast of Haiti. Tourists and locals they saw a huge white cloud, from which large rings diverged. Meteorologists showered the typhoon with silver iodide and managed to turn it away from Haiti to the coast of unfriendly Panama and Nicaragua.

According to a weather modeling specialist at the St. Petersburg state university Sergei Vasiliev, the United States tried to stop Hurricane Katrina, but they failed. By satellite imagery it can be seen that the hurricane changed direction several times and then weakened, then filled with the same power. This, according to the expert, is somewhat unusual - as if someone's hand or something artificial moved him.

The essence of the methods of dealing with hurricanes is the same as with hail and thunderclouds. With the help of special reagents that can cause or, conversely, prevent immediate precipitation. Theoretically, it is known that by seeding the “eye” of a typhoon, its rear or front part with these substances from an aircraft, it is possible, by creating a difference in pressure and temperature, to make it walk “in a circle” or stand still. The problem is that every second you need to take into account many constantly changing factors. Necessary great amount reagents.

“Americans seem to be trying to do it in practice. And, of course, they hide their results - this is a matter of national security. And the fact that Katrina nevertheless turned towards New Orleans, although it initially seemed that the elements would pass by, means that scientists could not foresee all the consequences of the experiment. The strange trajectory of the hurricane leads me to such thoughts. But I'm afraid we won't know the truth very soon," Vasilyev said.

Nuclear bomb

People think that effective method weatherproof is nuclear bomb, and in anticipation of a hurricane, Americans often write letters to National Administration oceanic and atmospheric research with a request to stop the elements in this way, according to Meteoprog.

However, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration claims that “this will not even help change the trajectory of the hurricane, and ejected fallout will be able to move quite quickly with the help of swirling winds and arrange an ecological disaster on a global scale.

People do not think that a radioactive hurricane is an order of magnitude worse and more destructive than usual. And instead of the usual destruction, most of Texas and Florida would have scowled nuclear disaster not inferior to Chernobyl.

Also, do not forget about the energy of a hurricane, which would increase the power of a nuclear bomb several times. One hurricane on its own releases 1.5 trillion joules of energy thanks to the speed of the wind, and even a 10-megaton nuclear bomb cannot match this.

There is a theory that the destructive power of a hurricane can be reduced by increasing the air pressure in its heart. But, according to NASA, the explosion of a nuclear warhead will not be enough for this.

Read also on ForumDaily:

Dear ForumDaily readers!

Thank you for staying with us and trusting! Over the past four years, we have received a lot of grateful feedback from readers who have helped our materials to arrange life after moving to the United States, get a job or education, find housing or arrange a child in kindergarten.

To cover all aspects of life in the US, we are currently supporting the work of three projects:

Designed for Russian-speaking residents of the largest American metropolis and introduces them to important news and interesting places in the city, helps in finding a job or renting a home;

It will help every woman in immigration to be beautiful and successful, tell you how to improve relationships in the family, tell you how to arrange life in the USA;

Contains useful information for all those who have already moved to the USA or are just planning to relocate, here are some tips on how to spend an economical but interesting vacation in America, how to fill out a declaration, find a job and organize life in the USA.

We will be grateful to you for any amount that you are willing to donate to the work of the project.

Read and subscribe! We are happy to help you during the immigration period, which can be quite difficult.

Always yours, ForumDaily!

Processing . . .

Every year, atmospheric whirlwinds, in which wind speeds sometimes reach 120 km / h, sweep over tropical seas, devastating the coast. Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean they are called hurricanes, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean - typhoons, in Indian Ocean- cyclones. When they break into densely populated areas, thousands of people die and property damage reaches billions of dollars. Will we ever be able to harness the merciless elements? What needs to be done to make a hurricane change its trajectory or lose its destructive power?

Before you can begin to manage hurricanes, you need to learn how to accurately predict their path and determine the physical parameters that affect behavior atmospheric vortices. Then you can start looking for ways to influence them. While we are still at the very beginning of the journey, but the success of computer simulation of hurricanes allows us to hope that we can still cope with the elements. The results of modeling the reaction of hurricanes to the smallest changes in their initial state turned out to be very encouraging. To understand why powerful tropical cyclones are sensitive to any disturbances, it is necessary to understand what they are and how they originate.

Hurricanes arise from thunderstorms over the oceans in equatorial zone. Tropical seas supply heat and water vapor to the atmosphere. Warm wet air rises up, where water vapor condenses and turns into clouds and precipitation. At the same time, the heat stored by water vapor during evaporation from the surface of the ocean is released, the air continues to heat up and rises higher and higher. As a result, a zone of low pressure is formed in the tropics, forming the so-called eye of the storm - a zone of calm, around which a vortex spins. Once overland, a hurricane loses its source warm water and quickly weakens.

Since the hurricanes get most energy from the heat released during the condensation of water vapor over the ocean and the formation of rain clouds, the first attempts to tame the recalcitrant giants were reduced to the artificial creation of clouds. In the early 60s. 20th century this method was tested in experiments conducted by the US government's Project Stormfury scientific advisory panel.

Scientists have tried to slow the development of hurricanes by increasing the amount of precipitation in the first rain band, which begins just beyond the wall of the eye of the storm - a cluster of clouds and strong winds surrounding the center of the hurricane. Silver iodide was dropped from an aircraft to create artificial clouds. Meteorologists hoped that the sprayed particles would become crystallization centers of supercooled water vapor rising into the cold layers of the atmosphere. It was assumed that the clouds would form faster, while absorbing heat and moisture from the surface of the ocean and replacing the eye wall of the storm. This would lead to the expansion of the central calm zone and the weakening of the hurricane.

Today, the creation of artificial clouds is no longer considered an effective method, because. found that the content of supercooled water vapor in air masses ah storms slightly.

Sensitive Atmosphere

Modern research on hurricanes builds on an assumption I made 30 years ago when I studied chaos theory as a student. At first glance, chaotic systems behave randomly. In fact, their behavior is subject to certain rules and strongly depends on the initial conditions. Therefore, seemingly insignificant, random perturbations can lead to serious unpredictable consequences. For example, small fluctuations in ocean water temperature, shifts in large air currents and even the changing shape of the rain clouds swirling around the center of a hurricane can affect its strength and direction.

The high susceptibility of the atmosphere to minor disturbances and the errors accumulated in weather modeling make long-term forecasting difficult. The question arises: if the atmosphere is so sensitive, is it possible to somehow influence the cyclone so that it does not reach populated areas or at least weakens?

Previously, I could not even dream of implementing my ideas, but for last decade math modeling and remote sensing have come a long way, so the time has come for large-scale weather control. With financial support from the NASA Advanced Idea Institute, my colleagues and I from the national research and development consulting firm Atmospheric and environment” (Atmospheric and Environmental Research, AER) began computer simulations of hurricanes in order to develop promising methods of impact on them.

chaos simulation

Even the most accurate modern computer models for weather prediction are imperfect, but they can be very useful in the study of cyclones. To make forecasts, numerical methods for modeling the development of a cyclone are used. The computer sequentially calculates indicators of atmospheric conditions corresponding to discrete points in time. It is assumed that total energy, momentum and moisture in the considered atmospheric formation remains unchanged. True, the situation is somewhat more complicated at the boundary of the system, because the influence of the external environment must be taken into account.

When building models, the state of the atmosphere is determined by the full list of variables characterizing pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction. Quantitative indicators correspond to the simulated physical properties, which obey the conservation law. In most meteorological models, the values ​​of the listed variables are considered at the nodes of a three-dimensional coordinate grid. A specific set of values ​​of all parameters at all points of the grid is called the state of the model, which is calculated for successive moments of time separated by small intervals - from several seconds to several minutes, depending on the resolution of the model. The movement of the wind, the processes of evaporation, precipitation, the influence of surface friction, infrared cooling and heating by the sun's rays are taken into account.

Unfortunately, meteorological forecasts are not perfect. First, the initial state of the model is always incomplete and inaccurate, because it is extremely difficult to determine it for hurricanes, since direct observations are difficult. Satellite images show the complex structure of the hurricane, but they are not informative enough. Secondly, the atmosphere is modeled only by the nodes of the coordinate grid, and the small details located between them are not included in the consideration. Without high resolution, the simulated structure of the most important part of the hurricane—the storm's eye wall and surrounding areas—is unreasonably smooth. Besides, in mathematical models such chaotic phenomena as the atmosphere, computational errors quickly accumulate.

To conduct our research, we have modified the initialization scheme that is effectively used for forecasts, the four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) system. The fourth dimension present in the title is time. Researchers at the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, one of the largest meteorological centers in the world, are using this sophisticated technology to predict the weather on a daily basis.

First, the 4DVAR system assimilates the data, i.e. combines readings obtained from satellites, ships and measuring instruments at sea and in the air, with the data of the preliminary forecast of the state of the atmosphere, based on actual information. A preliminary forecast is given for six hours from the moment the readings of meteorological instruments are taken. The data coming from the observation posts are not accumulated within a few hours, but are immediately processed. The combined observations and preliminary forecast are used to calculate the next six-hour forecast.

Theoretically, such complex information most accurately reflects the true state of the weather, since the results of observations and hypothetical data correct each other. Although this method is statistically well-founded, the initial state of the model and the information necessary for its successful application still remain approximate.

The 4DVAR system finds such a state of the atmosphere, which, on the one hand, satisfies the model equations, and, on the other hand, turns out to be close to both the predicted and the observed situation. To accomplish the task, the initial state of the model is corrected in accordance with the changes that have occurred over six hours of observation and simulation. In particular, the identified differences are used to calculate the response of the model - how small changes in each of the parameters affect the degree of agreement between the model and observations. The calculation using the so-called conjugate model is carried out in reverse order at six-hour intervals. The optimization program then chooses the best option corrections to the initial state of the model, so that the results of further calculations most accurately reflect the actual development of processes in the hurricane.

Since the correction is performed by the method of approximation of equations, then the whole procedure - modeling, comparison, calculation using the coupled model, optimization - must be repeated until exactly verified results are obtained, which become the basis for making a preliminary forecast for the next six-hour period.

Having built a model of a past hurricane, we can change its characteristics at any time and observe the consequences of the introduced disturbances. It turned out that only self-amplifying external influences affect the formation of a storm. Imagine a pair of tuning forks, one of which is vibrating and the other is at rest. If they are tuned to different frequencies, then the second tuning fork will not move, despite the impact sound waves emitted first. But if both tuning forks are tuned in unison, the second will enter into resonance and begin to oscillate with a large amplitude. In the same way, we are trying to “tune in” to the hurricane and find the right stimulus that would lead to the desired result.

Taming the Storm

Our AER science team ran computer simulations of two devastating hurricanes that raged in 1992. When one of them, Iniki, passed directly over the Hawaiian island of Kauai, several people died, massive property damage was done, and entire forest areas were leveled. A month earlier, Hurricane Andrew hit Florida south of Miami and turned an entire region into a desert.

Given the imperfection existing methods prediction, our first simulation experiment was an unexpected success. To change the path of Iniki, we first of all chose a place a hundred kilometers west of the island, in which the hurricane should be in six hours. Then we compiled the data of possible observations and loaded this information into the 4DVAR system. The program had to calculate the smallest changes in the basic parameters of the initial state of the hurricane, which would modify its route in the right way. In this primary experiment, we allowed the choice of any artificially created perturbations.

It turned out that the most significant changes affected the initial state of temperature and wind. Typical temperature changes throughout the coordinate network were tenths of a degree, but the most noticeable changes - an increase of 2°C - were in the lower layer to the west of the center of the cyclone. According to calculations, wind speed changes amounted to 3.2-4.8 km/h. In some places, the wind speed changed by 32 km/h as a result of a slight reorientation of the wind direction near the center of the hurricane.

Although both computer versions of Hurricane Iniki—the original and the perturbed ones—seemed to be identical in structure, small changes in key variables were enough to turn the hurricane to the west in six hours and then move due north, leaving the island of Kauai untouched. Relatively small artificial transformations of the initial stage of the cyclone were calculated by a system of non-linear equations describing its activity, and after six hours the hurricane came to the appointed place. We are on the right track! Subsequent simulations used a higher resolution grid and programmed the 4DVAR system to minimize property damage.

In one experiment, we improved the program and calculated the temperature increase that could curb the wind off the coast of Florida and reduce the damage caused by Hurricane Andrew. The computer had to determine the smallest perturbations in the initial temperature regime, which could reduce the strength of the gale in the last two hours of the six-hour period. The 4DVAR system determined that The best way to limit the wind speed - to carry out large transformations of the initial temperature near the center of the cyclone, namely: change it by 2-3°C in several places. Smaller changes in air temperature (less than 0.5°C) occurred at a distance of 800 to 1000 km from the center of the storm. The disturbances led to the formation of undulating alternating rings of heating and cooling around the hurricane. Despite the fact that only the temperature was changed at the beginning of the process, the values ​​of all the main characteristics quickly deviated from those actually observed. In the unmodified model, gale-force winds (over 90 km/h) swept south Florida towards the end of the six-hour period, which was not observed when the modifications were made.

To test the reliability of our results, we performed the same experiment on a more complex model with higher resolution. The results were similar. True, strong winds resumed on the modified model six hours later, so additional intervention was needed to save southern Florida. It is likely that in order to keep a hurricane under control for a certain period of time, it is necessary to launch a series of planned disturbances.

Who will stop the rain?

If the results of our research are consistent and small changes in air temperature in a hurricane vortex can really affect its course or weaken the wind strength, then the question arises: how to achieve this? It is impossible to immediately heat or cool such a vast atmospheric education like a hurricane. However, it is possible to heat the air around the hurricane and thus regulate the temperature regime.

Our team plans to calculate the exact structure and amount of atmospheric heating required to reduce the intensity of a hurricane and change its course. Undoubtedly, the practical implementation of such a project will require a huge amount of energy, but it can be obtained using orbital solar power plants. Power-generating satellites should be equipped with giant mirrors that focus solar radiation on elements solar battery. The collected energy can then be sent to microwave receivers on Earth. Modern designs of space solar stations are capable of propagating microwaves that do not heat the atmosphere and therefore do not lose energy. To control the weather, it is important to send microwaves from space at frequencies at which they are best absorbed by water vapor. Different layers of the atmosphere can be heated according to a pre-conceived plan, and the areas inside the hurricane and below the rain clouds will be protected from heating, because. rain drops well absorb microwave radiation.

In our previous experiment, the 4DVAR system detected large temperature differences where microwave heating could not be applied. Therefore, it was decided to calculate the optimal perturbations under the condition that the air temperature in the center should remain constant. We got a satisfactory result, but in order to compensate for the invariance of the temperature in the center, we had to change it significantly in other places. Interestingly, during the development of the model, the temperature at the center of the cyclone changed very rapidly.

Another way to suppress the strong tropical cyclones- direct limitation of the energy entering them. For example, the surface of the ocean could be covered with a thin, biodegradable oil film that could stop evaporation. In addition, it is possible to influence cyclones a few days before their landfall. Large-scale restructuring of the wind structure should be undertaken at the altitude of jet aircraft, where changes in atmospheric pressure greatly affect the strength and trajectory of hurricanes. For example, the formation of contrails of aircraft can certainly cause the required perturbations of the initial state of cyclones.

Who will take the helm?

If meteorologists learn how to manage hurricanes in the future, serious political problems are likely to arise. Although since the 1970s The UN Convention prohibits the use of the weather as a weapon, some countries may not be able to resist the temptation.

However, our methods have yet to be tested on harmless compared to hurricanes. atmospheric phenomena. First of all, experimental disturbances should be tested to increase precipitation over a relatively small area controlled by measuring instruments. If the understanding of cloud physics, their digital modeling, comparative analysis techniques and computer technology will develop at the current pace, then our modest experience can be put into practice. Who knows, maybe in 10-20 years many countries will be engaged in large-scale weather control using atmospheric heating from space.

Protection of the population during hurricanes, storms, tornadoes

Hurricanes, storms and tornadoes are wind meteorological phenomena, in their destructive effect are often comparable to earthquakes. The main indicator that determines the destructive effect of hurricanes, storms and tornadoes is the velocity pressure of air masses, which determines the force of dynamic impact and has a propelling effect.

In terms of the speed of the spread of danger, hurricanes, storms and tornadoes, given in most cases the forecast of these phenomena (storm warnings), can be classified as emergency events with a moderate speed of propagation. This makes it possible to carry out a wide range of preventive measures both in the period preceding the immediate threat of occurrence, and after their occurrence - until the moment of direct impact.

These time measures are divided into two groups: advance (preventive) measures and work; operational protective measures taken after the announcement of an unfavorable forecast, immediately before this hurricane (storm, tornado).

Early (prevention) measures and work are carried out to prevent significant damage long before the onset of the impact of a hurricane, storm and tornado and can cover a long period of time.

Early measures include: restriction of land use in areas of frequent passage of hurricanes, storms and tornadoes; restriction in the placement of facilities with hazardous industries; dismantling of some obsolete or fragile buildings and structures; strengthening industrial, residential and other buildings and structures; carrying out engineering and technical measures to reduce the risk of hazardous industries in the conditions strong wind, incl. increasing the physical stability of storage facilities and equipment with flammable and other hazardous substances; creation of material and technical reserves; training of the population and staff rescue services.

Protective measures taken after receiving a storm warning include:

• 
  forecasting the path of passage and time of approach to various areas of a hurricane (storm, tornado), as well as its consequences;
• 
  operational increase in the size of the material and technical reserve necessary to eliminate the consequences of a hurricane (storm, tornado);
• 
  partial evacuation of the population;
• 
  preparation of shelters, basements and other underground facilities for the protection of the population;
• 
  moving unique and especially valuable property to solid or buried premises;
• 
  preparation for restoration work and measures for the life support of the population.

Measures to reduce possible damage from hurricanes, storms and tornadoes are taken taking into account the ratio of the degree of risk and the possible extent of damage to the required costs.

Particular attention in carrying out early and prompt measures to reduce damage is paid to the prevention of those destructions that can lead to the emergence of secondary damage factors that exceed in severity the impact of the natural disaster itself.

An important area of ​​work to reduce damage is the struggle for the stability of communication lines, power supply networks, urban and intercity transport. The main way to increase stability in this case is their duplication by temporary and more reliable means in strong wind conditions.

Hurricanes, storms and tornadoes are one of the most powerful forces of the elements. They cause significant destruction, cause great damage to the population, and lead to human casualties. In terms of their destructive impact, they are compared with earthquakes and floods.

The destructive effect of hurricanes, storms and tornadoes depends on the velocity pressure of air masses, which determines the force of dynamic impact and has a propelling effect.

Often storms and hurricanes are accompanied by thunderstorms and hail.

A hurricane, originating in the ocean, comes to land, bringing catastrophic destruction. As a result of the combined action of water and wind, strong buildings are damaged and light structures are demolished, wires of power transmission and communication lines are cut off, fields are devastated, trees are broken and uprooted, roads are destroyed, animals and people are dying, ships are sinking.

How terrible is a hurricane?

First, hurricane waves crashing on the coast. The hurricane, as it were, squeezes huge waves (several meters high) onto the shore in front of it. They destroy everything in their path and lead to severe flooding in coastal areas. The terrible consequences of hurricane waves are observed when a hurricane coincides with the tide. Rarely do eyewitnesses of these terrible and powerful waves survive.

Secondly, catastrophic downpours and floods. The fact is that a hurricane at its inception absorbs a huge amount of water vapor, which, condensing, turns into powerful thunderclouds that serve as a source of catastrophic downpours and cause floods not only in coastal areas, but also in large areas remote from the coast. Heavy rainfall that accompanies hurricanes is also the cause of mudflows and landslides.

In winter conditions, instead of rain, a huge amount of snow falls, causing unexpected snowfall. snow avalanches. In the spring, when such masses of snow melt, floods occur.

Thirdly, the propelling action of the velocity pressure of a hurricane is manifested in the separation of people from the ground, their transfer through the air and impact on the ground or structures. At the same time, various hard objects that amaze people. As a result, people die or receive injuries of varying severity and concussion.

A secondary consequence of the hurricane is fires resulting from lightning strikes, accidents on power lines, gas communications, and leakage of flammable substances.

Storms are far less devastating than hurricanes. However, they, accompanied by the transfer of sand, dust or snow, cause significant damage. agriculture, transport and other sectors of the economy.

Dust storms cover fields, settlements and roads with a layer of dust (sometimes reaching several tens of centimeters) over areas of hundreds of thousands of square kilometers. Under such conditions, the crop is significantly reduced or completely lost, and large expenditures of effort and money are required for cleaning. settlements, roads and restoration of agricultural land.

In this way, hurricanes and storms, being dangerous in themselves, in combination with the phenomena accompanying them, create a difficult situation, bring destruction and casualties.

A tornado, in contact with the earth's surface, often leads to destruction of the same degree as with strong hurricane winds, but on much smaller areas.

These destructions are associated with the action of rapidly rotating air and a sharp rise of air masses upwards. As a result of these phenomena, some objects (cars, light houses, building roofs, people and animals) can lift off the ground and be transported hundreds of meters. Such an action of a tornado often causes the destruction of raised objects, and inflicts injuries and contusions on people, which can lead to death.

Measures to protect and reduce the consequences of hurricanes, storms, tornadoes. Algorithm of actions in case of hurricanes, storms and tornadoes

Protection of the population from the consequences of hurricanes and storms is carried out within the framework of the functioning of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations (RSChS).

The state of the atmosphere is continuously monitored with artificial satellites Earth. For this, a network meteorological stations. The received data is processed by weather forecasters, on the basis of which forecasts are made.

Forecast of the occurrence of cyclones, their movement and possible consequences allows to carry out preventive measures to protect the population from the consequences of hurricanes and storms. These activities can be divided into two groups according to the time of their implementation: early and operational-protective, carried out directly in the event of a threat of natural disaster.

Early measures include: restrictions on the placement of facilities with hazardous industries in areas prone to the effects of hurricanes and storms; dismantling of some obsolete or fragile buildings and structures; strengthening industrial and residential buildings and structures. Preparations are being made for action in a natural disaster.

Operational and protective measures are carried out after receiving a storm warning about the approach of a natural disaster. Operational and protective measures include: forecasting the path of passage and the time of approach of a hurricane (storm) to various regions of the region and its possible consequences; strengthening supervision over the implementation of permanent safety rules; transition of various objects of the economy to a safe mode of operation in conditions of strong wind. A partial evacuation of the population from the areas of the expected natural disaster can be carried out; shelters and basements are being prepared to protect the population.

Notification of the population about the threat of hurricanes and storms is carried out in advance according to the established notification scheme of the RSChS: people are informed about the time of the approach of a natural disaster to specific area and give recommendations on actions in a particular situation.

Particular attention is paid to the prevention of those destructions that can lead to the emergence of secondary factors of damage (fires, accidents at hazardous industries, dam breaks, etc.), exceeding in severity the impact of the natural disaster itself.

Measures are taken to prevent the spill of hazardous liquids.

An important area of ​​work to reduce damage is the struggle for the stability of communication lines, power supply networks, wired urban and intercity transport, vulnerable to hurricanes, storms and tornadoes.

When carrying out operational measures in rural areas, along with generally accepted measures, they organize the delivery of feed to farms and complexes, the pumping of water into towers and additional tanks, and the preparation of backup energy sources. Farm animals located in forest areas, take out to open areas or shelter in ground structures and natural shelters.

To effectively protect the population from hurricanes, storms and tornadoes, preparations are being made for the use of shelters, basements and other buried structures.

Information about the threat of hurricanes, storms and tornadoes is carried out in advance.

Remember!
Anyone who lives in areas prone to hurricanes and storms needs to be aware of the signs of their approach. This is an increase in wind speed and a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure; heavy rainfall and storm surge from the sea; heavy snowfall and ground dust.