Navy Search and Rescue Service. G.Vasenko: PSS Black Sea Fleet at the turning point of history

S. BUNTMAN: Good afternoon, everyone, we are starting the Military Council, Anatoly Yermolin, Sergey Buntman presenters, good afternoon. And our guest is Damir Shaikhutdinov, head of the search and rescue operations service of the Navy, captain of the first rank. Damir (inaudible) good afternoon.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Hello.

S. BUNTMAN: Yes, hello, good afternoon. Well, August is always a bad month for us. Because in August we remember ... We remember a lot that was connected, and we remember a lot of tragic things. We remember the Kursk, we remember the Nakhimov, we remember... 13 years have passed since the Kursk, right? We have. 13 years, and since the Kursk, what has been done? Because, of course, our very large gaps have been revealed, so to speak.

D. SHAIKHUTDINOV: In my opinion, the most important thing we did after the Kursk was to take a sober look at the state of affairs. Not only in the rescue business, not only in my service, in my department. And a general look at the state of the Navy, the state of planning for combat training events, and the general state of affairs in the Navy. This prompted us to pay more attention to the quality of the planning of the training activities. Particular attention is devoted to the preparation of people. After all, you understand, each system - it includes, first of all, the state technical means. And the most important thing, in my opinion, is the readiness of people to use these technical means, properly maintain them, and apply them correctly. Conclusions are made. We annually conduct search and rescue exercises on each fleet, with the task of not only demonstrating the readiness of the rescue forces, but at the same time showing the submariners that there are still forces capable of rescuing them. We draw attention to the need for such events. And they are carried out successfully, and the main task of the command is to teach, and maybe even force them to carry out such events. We received an impetus in the development, first of all, of means of rendering assistance. A lot of attention is now being paid to all sorts of robotic means. First of all, uninhabited, teleoperated underwater vehicles. There, where you can lower a mechanical man, a mechanical eye and look, instead of a man. We're putting a robot down there.

S. BUNTMAN: Well, this is to see, this is in order to ... For inspection, for reconnaissance, and so on. But the work itself still needs to be done with people.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, and thanks to industry, our industry has already mastered diving equipment, with which we carry out work in the air. These are diving descents up to 60 meters. We have significant difficulties with the development of great depths. To date, the Navy has two rescue vessels capable of conducting deep-sea, diving descents. These are descents to depths of more than 60 meters, which are no longer performed in air, but on breathing gas mixtures.

S. BUNTMAN: In the air, that means that air is supplied from the surface, yes.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Ordinary air is supplied to the diver through filters from the surface, through an air reservoir. But man is adapted to live on earth and walk on the surface. And with an increase in pressure when immersed under water, nitrogen begins to adversely affect a person. Breathing ordinary air, we do not even betray this value.

S. BUNTMAN: How much nitrogen is in this air, right?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: How much nitrogen, yes. We know that his most of there. And nitrogen at great depths has a narcotic effect. A person loses his temper, roughly speaking, becomes drunk. At depths, it has been experimentally established that the depth is more than 60 meters.

S. BUNTMAN: Why 60? Is this a critical milestone?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: 60 meters is… You know, each person is different. Someone feels the influence of this anesthesia at a depth of 80 meters. When we mastered the depths, we carried out experiments and descended in the air both at 80 and at 100 meters. But you know, divers sometimes go down to great depths. This is the physiological fitness of a person. And now, empirically, thanks to the development of our special physiology of the diving department, such a depth was made. 60 meters is the average.

A. YERMOLIN: You are talking about the nitrogen that we have in our blood, right? That is, if...

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: We breathe air containing nitrogen. Naturally, this air dissolves in the blood. And when a person goes under water, pressure acts on him. Pressure increases the ability of a gas to dissolve into a liquid. Nitrogen dissolves in the blood, and begins its narcotic effect. In the same way, oxygen begins its detrimental effect on a person. At great depths, oxygen poisoning already occurs. Therefore, in the diver's exhalation gases, we reduce the (inaudible) oxygen pressure, and replace the nitrogen with an inert gas, helium. And on this gas breathing mixture, the diver goes to great depths. To date, the Alades and Ipron rescue vessels have deep-sea diving systems with VG-200 diving equipment, and we are able to perform diving operations at depths of up to 200 meters. Divers regularly undergo training, train, and today we are able to perform work up to 200 meters.

A. YERMOLIN: Do you need any hoses for this to supply the mixture or air? Or is it all in a satchel behind the diver's back?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: In the backpack behind the diver's back for a deep diver - there is an emergency supply of air. All gas breathing mixtures, including hot water. It's cold down there, and one sweater isn't enough under a wetsuit. To heat the diver, everything is supplied through hoses from the vessel. The deep-sea diving complex is a whole system, it is half of the vessel. We can say that the diving vessel is built around the diving complex.

A. YERMOLIN: Why am I asking? Because at one time I came across divers who took part in rescue work, but ... Well, not in rescue work, already ... As it is correctly called, they simply evacuated the bodies on the Nakhimov. And it is known that 2 divers died, and as our colleagues explained to us, that they worked on the DA-79 devices. And "DA-79" - up to 15 meters it allows you not to breathe oxygen, then the automation switches just to a special mixture. And this mixture is enough for only 15 minutes. And so far... Correct me if I'm wrong. And when they went down, it was already time… Slowly, you need to go down and up. They had 3-4 minutes to work inside the ship. When there 2 divers got entangled in the paths, that is, they no longer had a chance to practically survive, they switched just to the oxygen mixture, and on oxygen a person dies at such a depth.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, you are absolutely right. There is equipment, called a rebreather, used by divers. But these descents are excursion in nature. Went down, looked up, got up. The diver descends according to his well-being, and ascends according to the regime. So that the gases dissolved in the blood come out naturally, and not as bubbles. So that we do not associate blood with champagne.

A. YERMOLIN: To (inaudible).

S. BUNTMAN: Well, yes.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, you are correct. There is such equipment, and it is for short-term. Maybe used for special units. And rescuers are painstaking, hard work, and for this you need to have a certain margin of safety.

A. YERMOLIN: And what about three-bolt gunners?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: This is my favorite outfit.

A. YERMOLIN: I'm talking about him.

S. BUNTMAN: Dear friends, you are with translation ... You translate synchronously for all listeners.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Ventilated equipment, with a total weight of about 80 kilograms. With chocolate on the chest ...

A. YERMOLIN: A round astronaut.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, a copper helmet. Attaches to the collar with three bolts.

S. BUNTMAN: Yes.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: A small loophole into which the diver looks, and…

A. YERMOLIN: Porthole.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Porthole, yes. And this diver is continuously supplied with air. He is in such a huge diving shirt, in usually shiny boots, diving boots, stomping on the deck. But art is such masters of the operation of this equipment that they are able to swim in a sweeping manner. Air is supplied there continuously, and the diver regulates the presence of this air by regularly jerking his head, pressing the back of his head on the valve, (inaudible) excess. He can make himself lighter, heavier, very comfortable equipment.

S. BUNTMAN: But is it being modernized somehow, or are these the classic divers that we have been seeing everywhere for years, decades?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: These divers have been very fond of this equipment for years, decades, and it takes a certain amount of work to switch them to new equipment. This equipment is already being replaced by the SU-5 equipment. We have been supplying the Navy and other departments that operate diving equipment for several years now. This is our production, diving equipment "SU-5". Here it is in the configuration there is a light diving one, and a heavy diving one. And this is the equipment to replace our magnificent three-bolt.

S. BUNTMAN: Here we are already being asked questions, apparently by people who are involved in this. +7-985-970-45-45, I remind you the number for SMS. “Why does NPO Respirator still use the developments of the 60s”? I read what is written.

A. YERMOLIN: And where does the "Respirator"?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: "Respirator" is one of the enterprises of the Soviet industry that produced diving equipment. Well, this question is no longer for me, but for them.

A. YERMOLIN: It is necessary in Arsenal ...

S. BUNTMAN: Yes, this is our question for Monday.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: You know, I'm just on guard for the Navy to receive modern, high-quality diving equipment. And we choose the equipment in which we can work reliably. Of course, we can say that three-bolt equipment is more reliable than you can imagine. We need modern equipment, some new technologies to make it easier.

A. YERMOLIN: Well, here's what you said and what we have already discussed, because the specifics of diving equipment is that it is very technically whimsical. And even if you just fall down in a closed-type apparatus, you can still get (inaudible) an injury, or some kind of sharp drop in depths will be chosen incorrectly, and so on. From the point of view of reliability, how do you yourself evaluate what new devices are coming?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: You know, in order to…

A. YERMOLIN: There was a question, by the way, for clarification about rebreathers. What is this?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Is this a rebreather? Scuba gear, in which, among other things, there are cylinders with gas breathing mixtures. And the switch is either the computer switches, depending on the depth, or the switch is manual. They… You can work in these devices for up to 4-6 hours, with depths of about 120 meters. You know, the more complex the technique, the more reliable it is, of course... We can speak from the point of view of the theory of reliability... The higher the probability of failure. But we supply bulk diving equipment to the Navy. Precisely considering that we are not yet a fully contracted army. Although, we are making every effort so that the divers are, first of all, contract servicemen.

S. BUNTMAN: Are there divers on call?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: You know, one of the areas is light divers, for example, warships. There the task is not rescue, but to ensure the conduct of the struggle for survivability. And on ships, this is usually the personnel of warhead five, an electromechanical warhead. Motorists, electricians - they are trained in training units, including military service. Therefore, we must...

S. BUNTMAN: It is impossible from scratch somehow, even in the short time that is now available for conscription service.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: It is possible to train a light diver.

S. BUNTMAN: Is it possible, yes?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes. Therefore, the devices must be simple and reliable. Easy to learn, but learning to train is a must. And start learning should be at the desk, but not like that, take it and do as I said. This should not be.

S. BUNTMAN: No, between the desk and take it and do as I said, there is quite a long distance, and there are many different stages. What is the training of divers, rescuers now? What stages is it divided into, and how does it happen?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: We train divers at the naval school, junior specialists in Sevastopol, the course takes 5 months. There, theoretical, practical, they are practiced at a diving range in historical place under the walls of the Vladimir Cathedral, where Prince Vladimir was baptized. It all happens in the same bay. The sailors descend right down the ladder and train, mastering all the actions step by step. After that, they are tested at depths of up to 20 meters, up to 45 meters, up to 60 meters. After that, deep-sea divers in Sevastopol take a course on the Ipron rescue ship, and everything starts again: tests ... And tests, you know - you don’t know, you know how - you don’t know how. No triples are allowed, this is a person's life. After that, they work out emergency tasks. That is, working out the actions of divers in the event of various emergencies. At the pier, they descend to a depth of 10 meters, then go out to sea, and again 20, 40, 60 meters, and already a deep-sea diving descent.

S. BUNTMAN: How long does it take? Is that training?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Training? Divers - this is 5 months, this is the minimum.

S. BUNTMAN: Well, this is with the most serious selection both for health and for the quality of work.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Of course. First, input control in the pressure chamber. Not everyone is destined to be a diver. A pressure test, and after that each diver is monitored, and that's when the diver goes down to the ground, works on the ground, the chief controls the descent, the commander of the diving descent, the diving specialist. It governs what to do, how to do it, what work to do, how to do it. At the same time, we naturally use uninhabited remote-controlled vehicles, all kinds of television means. And when it comes to lifting by divers, the main thing is already a doctor - a specific physiologist. He tells you how deep to stop, how long to wait, when to ventilate the diver.

S. BUNTMAN: He controls the performance, right?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, definitely.

S. BUNTMAN: How does he control?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: In terms of time and well-being. The diver's descent to the depth goes according to his state of health. Someone can quickly descend, blowing on the go. And someone stops, blows through ... You know ...

S. BUNTMAN: But this is still within the norm. This is... I mean, it depends on the body, but it's not unsuitable, right? If it stops, it blows...

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: No, no, not unsuitability.

A. YERMOLIN: If (inaudible), then you will no longer be a diver.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, of course. Before diving, be sure to medical checkup. If you have a runny nose, you are simply not destined to go down today. And it happens that some people have a predisposition to (inaudible). These people are removed from this list. All our divers are deep-sea divers.

A. YERMOLIN: How does the weather at sea affect the conditions, the rescue operations? In what conditions do you feel comfortable working, when you can still work, but it’s hard, and when you can’t work at all.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: It all depends on the carrier ship. If the ship-carrier... Requirements, rules of the diving service - the ship from which diving operations are carried out must be securely fixed above the object. When diving work was carried out on the "Brave", and it sank at a depth of 108 meters, and it was decided to lay charges there and blow it up. For the work of the rescue ship "Karpaty" heavy offshore equipment was supplied, which ensured the reliability of the ship's anchorage. And the work was carried out until the sea was 5 points.

A. YERMOLIN: A heavy raid - is it not to demolish?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, so that the ship stands firmly and does not move. And so...

A. YERMOLIN: Is it connected with the air supply hoses?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: This is due to… For the ship to stand directly above the object of diving operations.

S. BUNTMAN: Didn't move...

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Didn't move, didn't twitch, didn't break. The main thing is to observe the regime, because the diver at depth is quite defenseless. When work was carried out on the Kursk from regalia, they stopped their work at 8 points, from May they worked up to 5 points. Everything is determined by the carrier vessel.

S. BUNTMAN: You know, this is the question they ask here. That's all the same, it's not the catastrophe itself, but the rescue work. Why, what prevented the Kursk crew from being saved? Viktor asks. This is a question that we have been asking ourselves for 13 years to one degree or another.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Well, the question is very complicated.

S. BUNTMAN: That's why we ask ourselves, yes.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Was there anyone to rescue.

S. BUNTMAN: Here.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Here. Well, let's hypothetically approach, for example. Well, the conclusions of the commission of inquiry were that the state of the submarine's comets platform, where the underwater vehicle could stick, did not allow the underwater vehicle to stick. The rubber got in the way a bit...

S. BUNTMAN: That is, with any technique. No technique would help the existing one.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: The conclusions are, yes, unfortunately. Therefore, we have drawn conclusions, and the Seafarers Safety Supervision Department is sure to check the emergency rescue devices of submarines. We have a guiding document that defines the organization of access to the sea. And now the naval commission, checking ships and submarines, checks the condition of life-saving devices, their reliability and the ability of people to use these life-saving devices. And in order to exclude these possibilities that were on the Kursk, we are conducting exercises. We, among other things, are working on dry setting ... Here in the press there were these shots when a rescue vehicle is placed on the surface of a submarine. On the Black Sea, they put a rescue bell on a submarine, on a commens site. And by making a vacuum inside the boat, we make sure the tightness, according to the rescue device, and the rescuer and rescue device of the submarine.

S. BUNTMAN: (Unintelligible) they spoke about the need.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: We are conducting real exercises in the wet, on this issue. The boat is put on the ground, and the rescue submersible, or the rescue bell... By the way, we have the same exercises... We take every 3 years in the NATO rescue exercises.

S. BUNTMAN: Let's start with this, and we'll start the next part of our program with cooperation and joint exercises, which we can learn from each other.

NEWS.

S. BUNTMAN: And we continue our program, and our guest is Damir Shaikhutdinov, head of the search and rescue operations of the Navy. Damir (inaudible), we settled on international cooperation, you are also taking part in exercises. What do you show each other, what can be adopted, where did thought and technology go during this time?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: You know the direction international cooperation, and international cooperation in the search and rescue of emergency submarines is an important direction in which, in general, the whole world is moving. What's in Europe, what's in Asia Pacific region. In 2005, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov signed a framework agreement between Russia and NATO on search and assistance during underwater (inaudible). As part of this agreement, we are working on signing bilateral agreements with different countries. We also participate in exercises. NATO conducts exercises every 3 years, now they will be called (spoke in English). They had... In 2005 it was (speaks English), then (speaks English) in 8-11. And in the 14th year, an exercise will be held in Poland (he speaks English). During this exercise, practical actions for the rescue of submariners from submarines cruising on the ground. So I personally did the teaching in the 11th year in Spain in Cartagena. Well, Russia that year arrived in Cartagena with a large detachment of forces, the Ipro rescue ship, the Shakhtar rescue tug, and the Avros submarine. And for the first time in practice, we were convinced that the rescue devices of the VFM of Russia are capable of saving the submariners of NATO submarines. NATO, American, they ... Their rescue devices are made according to a single standard.

S. BUNTMAN: That is, I just wanted to ask about compatibility.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, we were convinced in full, because from a submarine lying on the ground in a submerged position with the help of a rescue bell, we delivered curious people there foreign citizens, and from there the submariners were taken out. At the same time, our submariners were taken out of the Avros submarine using the Makin bell, or NATO and American rescue systems. This is what is being done in practice as part of this teaching. We also participate in the development of rescue parachute groups. Our groups also participated in these exercises. Our 328th emergency expeditionary detachment took part in the divers' exercises to inspect submarines. In addition to participation in the exercise, we annually participate in working groups, these meetings are held regularly in Amsterdam, where the mutual exchange of the latest achievements, the creation of life-saving technologies, diving medicine, and the creation of life-saving devices is carried out. And our safety equipment standards are harmonized, they correspond to each other.

A. YERMOLIN: What does that mean? This means that the same Kamenz site, it is a template, right? Standard.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, we have a little bit wider. But a rescue underwater vehicle of the US, British, Italian, and Singaporean navies can land on our comets site. The standards are harmonized.

S. BUNTMAN: What happened to the Kursk then? Was she damaged by the explosion? Or…

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: I can't tell you for sure. Unfortunately, this was not written in the published materials.

S. BUNTMAN: But it was not possible.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: It didn't work out.

A. YERMOLIN: How does this happen physically, how does the same bell differ? Or does he sit there?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: He sits down there. The difference lies in how the bell descends. The bell descends to the submarine by means of a cable. This cable is either carried out by a rescue buoy, or fixed on a submarine by divers, or by an uninhabited worker, a remote-controlled Panther, for example, or Scorpio, if we are talking about the UK. Or a normoboric spacesuit, which is in service with both the Russian Navy and Western countries.

A. YERMOLIN: We say the bell, Michelangelo immediately comes to mind, his bell. And how does it work? That is, it is also there (inaudible) below?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: The rescue bell, like the rescue apparatus, has an antechamber in the lower part. When this rescue device goes to the submarine, there is water. And the pressure in this pre-chamber is equal to the outboard pressure. The underwater vehicle lands tightly on the comets platform, by means of its propulsion units. He is centered, making sure that he is sitting on the commens platform, and from this pre-chamber the water is transferred to the replacement tank. Thus, it turns out that in this pre-chamber the pressure is equal to atmospheric. Vacuum, and sucked. And with great power, can you imagine? At a depth of 100-200 meters there, the pressure is 20 kilograms per centimeter. Here is this force, all the strength presses down. After that, water is pumped out of this pre-chamber, or this water descends into the submarine. Or it is pumped into a replacement tank. The hatches are opening and people are crossing. The rescue vehicle can...

A. YERMOLIN: It's good when everything is level with the horizon, but when it's on its side?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: This is not a problem. Here are the existing old devices sucked (inaudible) up to 15 degrees, the rescue bell up to 30 degrees, but the newly built rescue apparatus "Bestor-1", which is currently located in Nizhny Novgorod, where it is being simulated deep diving in the docking chamber, he has a special device that allows you to stick to a submarine with a roll or pitch up to 45 degrees.

S. BUNTMAN: Well, yes ... Up to 45 - yes.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: A serious device, yes. The same systems are also in the newly built apparatus of the US Navy, Great Britain.

A. YERMOLIN: You talked about the training of swimmers and rescuers. But they did not touch on the part that concerns management. That's because I talked with the guys, with the participants, well, in principle, with the rescuers, one of the purely managerial problems is that the guys are graduating from, say, the Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, some staff positions come there, and having no experience in participating in real rescue operations, in general, they set tasks and make decisions in situations in which real rescuers operate. Here's how you do it? Can a person, let's say a staff officer, take this position without going through all the stages, without touching all this specificity on the ground, without knowing it for himself.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Anatoly, you gave the answer in your question. Is that possible?

S. BUNTMAN: Not possible.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Is it possible to drive a car without obtaining a license in a normal way? Of course. I am not originally trained as a lifeguard. And in 1997 I came to the Ipron rescue ship, and I had to learn seriously.

A. YERMOLIN: Including diving?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: No. I.. Well, how? At one time he was trained as a diving officer.

A. YERMOLIN: Well, that means they passed.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Of course, I did. But it's good to try everything. The basics of management - they are given, of course, both at the academy and during the service. From the point of view of preparing management bodies for solving problems, appropriate trainings are regularly held. We set learning objectives and practice. Direct forces - they work out both during the exercise and staff training. Everything needs to be prepared and studied. You have to be qualified, you have to be able to do your job.

A. YERMOLIN: And how do the divers themselves… Do they feel like a special caste in the Navy?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Of course, they have a certain brotherhood. There are such castes, it seems to me everywhere. Marines, pilots, doctors, and divers of course.

S. BUNTMAN: And tell me, please, new rescue vessels... We talked about this at Arsenal, we said that we should launch new vessels in 2013.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: You know, last year, when forming the state defense order, we opened an order for the construction of new ships. At the moment, we have almost completely blocked the line of small vessels, this is our plant being built ... Nizhny Novgorod Teplokhod is building 4 diving boats for the Black Sea Fleet, and already the officers of the Black Sea Fleet came to the plant and were satisfied. In October-November, we are planning state tests of these vessels in the Novorossiysk region. A significant event happened yesterday. Kampa has discovered a new direction for its production activities, they launched a new complex supply vessel the day before yesterday. This is really a new direction in shipbuilding, this is a modular boat. Platform boat. It is intended for carrying out not so much diving descents, it is not intended for transporting divers, this is not its task. Its task is to carry out diving operations, carrying out rescue operations. When it is necessary not only to lower the diver and ensure the safety of his work under water, but also so that this diver can conduct welding work, sharpen something, raise. You know, usually this is not enough.

S. BUNTMAN: And how does this platform work?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: This is a platform boat with fixed equipment. It can move, but on this platform you can place everything you need in a container. The boat has a standard set. The pressure chamber, pumps, welding equipment, but everything else that may be needed, for example, a hydraulic tool, was placed on the deck and changed. Some kind of fire module.

S. BUNTMAN: That is, depending on the situation, on the task, it can be recruited to standard equipment, it can be added.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Absolutely, yes.

S. BUNTMAN: W, that's a good thing.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes. In the near future, the Baltic Fleet will finally receive a new tugboat. Starting next year, the Pella plant will start supplying rescue tugboats for White Sea, and Baltic Fleet. And in the near future we are planning (inaudible) orders for the construction of ocean-class ships. Well, we continue the construction of the rescue ship Igor Belousov, by the Admiralty shipyards. The organizational process was very difficult. Now all decisions have been made, the supply of equipment continues. Today, the percentage of readiness is about 65%.

S. BUNTMAN: When should we wait?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Mooring trials will begin in December, by April we plan to move on to sea trials, factory sea trials. And by the end of the 14th year, on April 25, the contract expires, we will receive this ship.

S. BUNTMAN: That is, by the spring already... It will be in the spring.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: In the spring, we will begin factory, sea trials, and we will directly begin testing the diving complex, about which there is so much talk. But you understand, the fleet has no problems, the fleet has tasks. And my task is to make it all happen. Exactly to the extent that is necessary for the Navy.

A. YERMOLIN: Do you act as a task manager? Not problems, but tasks for designers? Here are some technical solutions ...

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Here is one of my major tasks- this is the formation of tactical and technical tasks. It is up to us to tell the industry what we want.

A. YERMOLIN: You were just talking about boats, but I remembered that they showed a new tug on Discovery. This is a boat that can move in any direction. Left side, right side, front and back.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Well, now our Navy has already received such tugs. The same shipyard (inaudible) builds such tugs.

A. YERMOLIN: What do you lack? From the point of view of engineering and technical solutions, what tasks do you set?

S. BUNTMAN: Here is the next question. Suppose you get all of this, what we will now list. You get all this, master it already works. Here is the next step, what will you need?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: We will look around to see how the world lives. And you know, with the development of the Navy, other tasks also arise. And we develop together. You can’t do it like this ... One of the questions, by the way, was how to get our management to allocate you more and more money. We must develop comprehensively, systematically. We are a single system, and it is impossible to develop only rescuers. And I would like to say, from the point of view of submarines, this is a system. We are in the submarine business and we are in the submarine rescue business. In submarines, we demand that life-saving devices be reliable, comfortable, and workable. And the most important thing is that people know how to use these systems. This is a training system for submariners. It is usually carried out in training centers, and we are working on the development of a training network for submariners. Another component of this system is the rescuers. We talked about shipbuilding, the creation of new technical means, and the next question is the training of personnel. People should be able to work with these means. We must learn from the experience of mistakes, and not make mistakes. After all, this is a very complicated matter - the creation of diving complexes.

A. YERMOLIN: I came up with a tactical and technical task. Can one submarine approach another submarine and take personnel from one side to the other?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: We had such an experience. In the Soviet Union there were submarines of the 940th project "Link". There were two. And the experience of salvation was in this way.

A. YERMOLIN: And now?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: And now we have moved away from this direction of development. You know, to create rescuers for the sake of rescuers - well, there should be some reasonable line. Perhaps it makes sense to direct these funds to other areas, such as the creation of safe submarines that do not break down, the creation of an educational network for the training of submariners. Here are our submariners almost 100% all contractors.

S. BUNTMAN: Well, you correctly said that from both sides. But tell me, please, here is such a curious thing, here in the end. So you were in Sweden. I'm being honest about the Swedish Navy in last time I heard at the end of the 18th century, when under Mother Catherine, when there was a conflict, the last conflict was. What does it represent? That is, it's not NATO, it's a neutral side. What is the Swedish Navy and what do they do, and in your area too.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Some time ago, the Swedish Navy reconsidered the direction of its development, and they took the path of creating such a mobile fleet. But they include, among other things, flotillas of submarine forces. The submarine force flotilla also includes the rescue ship Bellas. And they are full members type exercises (speaking English), now.

S. BUNTMAN: Yes, now he has become different.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes. And they fully live in NATO standards for the creation of submarines, for the creation of a rescue system. Yes, they do not have deep-sea divers, but they do have submersibles, they have a rescue ship, and we discussed with them questions about creating an intergovernmental agreement on the search and rescue of submarines.

S. BUNTMAN: Which will be limited to our waters, right? Ours and Swedish?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: No, why not?

S. BUNTMAN: Or in general?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: In general. Well, just the same, most of the questions were what we would do, and how we would behave if an accident happened, either in the exclusive economic zone, or in territorial waters. Well, we have found common ground, and by the way, I would like to answer that in the work on agreements between Sweden and Russia, we have advanced the most with them. We have also advanced quite far with Italy, with the group of countries Great Britain, Norway, France, they have a single rescue system within the country. Work is underway.

S. BUNTMAN: Right, good. Here are some clarifications we need to make.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: We are planning... In the submarine rescue system, the Igor Belousov rescue ship, which is being built at the Admiralty shipyards, will play a significant role.

S. BUNTMAN: Yes, I wanted to return to Igor Belousov, yes, too.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: We plan to start mooring trials this year, at the end of this year, in April 2014 to proceed to factory sea trials, and the deadline for completing the contract and handing over the vessel to the Navy is November 25, 14. This is the end of the contract. If, of course, the industry is ready to hand over the ship to us earlier, we will be ready to accept it.

S. BUNTMAN: Only quality… Only natural.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: You know, even if the deadline comes, but there is no quality, we will stand our ground. We need the ship we need. And not the one that will be built for us.

S. BUNTMAN: Well, it's good to match, it's almost a toast.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: You know, the construction of the ship is going on very interestingly. There is a lot of press, and, in my opinion, society should know where the budget money, the taxpayers' money, goes. And the construction of this particular ship is under close attention of the press, including the prosecutor's office. Meetings are held regularly, in the presence of the chief military prosecutor's office, where all issues are raised.

A. YERMOLIN: We have already discussed the topic of rescuers for rescuers, but there are special types of ships that, in their own way, performance characteristics, are vastly superior to yours. I mean our military aquanauts. Which work at a depth of 4000 meters there, and deeper. What if something happens to them? What lifeguards are there for them?

S. BUNTMAN: Or is he his own lifeguard?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: These people know what they are getting into. But they have a system for training and working out apparatchiks... People descending in vehicles to such depths provide for issues of redundancy and high reliability of these vehicles. I would answer like this here.

A. YERMOLIN: Do you study with them?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: We interact with them, we work together. You know, my service is called search and rescue operations. Here we talked about emergency rescue operations. But in matters of search, the forces of absolutely the entire Navy are involved. And today our colleagues provide us with great support in these matters. We have a position of interaction, we interact, and we regularly conduct joint exercises. Such exercises were held in July in the Baltic Fleet, the same exercises were recently held in the Black Sea Fleet, so we are fully cooperating.

S. BUNTMAN: Do you cooperate with aviation?

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Absolutely. You know, our Western aviation colleagues pay a lot of attention. They have slightly different guidance documents, and in the event of an emergency, the crew quickly leaves the emergency submarine, and a rescue parachute group is waiting for them at the top. And for our part, learning from this experience, we are planning development ... We have such rescue parachute landing groups, and we are planning to purchase communications equipment for them, parachute systems. This is the direction of development...

A. YERMOLIN: Very interesting.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Interesting, very interesting.

A. YERMOLIN: They spread inflatable platforms.

D. SHAYKHUTDINOV: Yes, the whole city is floating.

S. BUNTMAN: Amazing. We could talk for a very, very long time. Thank you very much, we are finishing our transmission, success to you and prosperity to everyone. Get everything on time good quality and save. Thank you very much, thank you.

Retired Rear Admiral Yuri SENATSKII is one of the leading specialists in the field of emergency rescue operations and ship recovery. AT Navy since 1940. At the end preparatory course VMU named after M.V. Frunze and the paramedic school of the Navy served in the Baltic Fleet on a minesweeper. He participated in the hostilities - in the fall of forty-four, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star for participating in the landing on the island of Ezel (Saaremaa). In 1950, after graduating from the shipbuilding department of the Dzerzhinsky Higher Naval Engineering School, he was appointed senior engineer of a separate rescue division of the Baltic Fleet.
Chief Engineer of the ACC of the Baltic Fleet, Chief Diving Specialist of the Navy, Deputy. head of the 12th expedition special purpose(ship lifting in Bangladesh), deputy. Chief Engineer - Chief Engineer of the PSS Navy, for almost four decades he participated in all the main operations of the domestic fleet for ship recovery and rescue of crews of ships in distress. Including repeatedly as a developer and leader of these operations.

AT DIFFERENT TIMES, FLEET SEARCH ENGINES AND RESCUES WERE CALLED:
1923 - 1941 Special Underwater Expedition (EPRON);
1941 - 1979 Emergency Rescue Service (ASS) of the Navy;
1979 - 1993 Search and Rescue Service (PSS) of the Navy;
Since 1993, the Directorate of Search and Emergency-to-Present Rescue Operations (UPASR) of the Navy.

If we proceed from the fact that the Kronstadt diving school was founded back in 1882, the history of domestic rescue at sea has long since crossed into the second century. And what! Only during the years of the Great Patriotic War, about two thousand ships, vessels and boats with a total displacement of one million tons were raised from the seabed by the efforts of the ACC - this is without taking into account those who managed to provide "lifetime" assistance. It's time to say that our rescuers had their own "golden age".
- Yes, from about the mid-fifties to the mid-eighties. Not because, of course, that this period coincided with the years of my service. A colossal, decisive merit in the development of not only emergency rescue forces and means, but also the entire Navy belonged to the then commander-in-chief Gorshkov. Maybe there were some distortions, but in general the fleet developed dynamically and, what is very important, balanced: they built powerful warships, built and designed to provide them with ships - from tankers to garbage collectors.
It was during that period that we created the most modern rescue ships in the world. For example, the 527th project. Highly seaworthy, equipped with everything necessary for divers to work at a depth of up to two hundred meters. There are also dozens of diving vessels of the 535th project, many rescue tugs, diving boats and boats. Deep-sea diving complexes, consisting of special equipment with a helium-oxygen breathing mixture, decompression chambers on board the ship, a rescue bell descending three hundred meters.
Large series of fire-fighting vessels of projects 1893 and 1993, fire-fighting boats were created. The rescue and lifting vessel "Karpaty", powerful rescue tugboats "Nikolay Chiker" and "Fotiy Krylov" were built. Deep-sea submersibles "Poisk"-2 and "Poisk"-6, designed for surveys at depths of up to two and six thousand meters, respectively. A series of small-sized remote-controlled devices "Rapan" - for examination at a hundred meters. Rescue submersibles "Priz" - 300 meters and "Bester" - 500 meters of immersion, respectively. It was these devices that descended on the sunken Kursk.
In addition, we also had Lenok rescue submarines - one in the Northern Fleet, the other in the Pacific. With decompression chambers on board, divers, Priz and Bester submersibles. The scheme is as follows: Lenok lay down on the ground next to the emergency submarine, divers helped the Priz or Bester dock with it, which evacuated the submariners to Lenok. The sailors were given first aid there.
We can list for a long time what we had: in the mid-80s, the fleet had 368 rescue floating units. Moreover, if other countries created the same ship-lifting base, as a rule, for specific projects, temporarily, then we had it permanently. More streamlined and reliable.
- However, it was not us, but the Americans who managed the seemingly impossible: to raise our submarine K-129, albeit not entirely successfully, from more than five kilometers deep. And not today and not yesterday - 26 years ago!
- Operation "Jennifer" is not accidentally compared with the landing of a man on the moon - a technological breakthrough is quite commensurate. But this is, so to speak, a one-time surge. We, I repeat, worked more purposefully and systematically, there were no analogues of our ASS - PSS in the world. There was no one in the aggregate and such results.
- For example?
- The rise of the battleship "Novorossiysk" in 1959. Submarines S-80 ten years later - from a depth of two hundred meters, not far, by the way, from the site of the flooding of the Kursk. Rescue in 1972 in the Atlantic of the atomic K-19, where there was a strong fire: a few more hours - and the boat, if help had not arrived, would have sunk. In the period from 1972 to 1974, this is already in Bangladesh, fifty foreign ships and vessels were raised from the ground: depths up to forty meters, strong currents. In 1981, in the Golden Horn Bay, a diesel submarine S-178 was pulled out from a depth of about 50 meters. Two years later, in Kamchatka, the nuclear K-429 from about the same depth. Managed to save 102 submariners. This, by the way, was the first in the world practice of lifting the atomic marine.
- Much, it turns out, could. Where did all this go - and technology, and specialists, and experience? Where are they, the hundreds of rescue boats you talked about?
- To date, there are only 60 of them left. Half of this number is not in operation - it needs repair. In the ranks, thus, there are three dozen ships and devices for the entire Navy.
And everything began to “crumble” back in the late 80s, when the state sharply reduced funding. AT better times 75-100 million rubles were allocated annually for the development of ACC. Those still, full-bodied. Well, now ... You yourself know how the fleet is financed today.
- Less than ten percent of the Ministry of Defense budget. By all world standards - minuscule.
- Here's an example. In Nizhny Novgorod, a rescue ekranoplan has long been built, having a seaworthiness of six points, capable of taking on board up to 500 people and reaching speeds of over 400 kilometers per hour. At depth, he, of course, will not save. But it can quickly jump to the place of the accident, pick up people from a surfaced submarine, from a surface ship, from the sea surface. If necessary, deliver the same divers. If we had such an apparatus in 1989, the entire Komsomolets crew would have been saved.
The degree of technical readiness of the ekranoplan today is 95 percent. Well, now imagine: for three recent years this willingness has increased by only ... three percent.
There is a need for a clear understanding, including at the state level, of the vital importance of the problems associated with rescue at sea. As it was, I repeat, it was before. When exercises with the crews of "emergency" submarines were driven into combat training plans, they were carried out regularly and rigorously, and the forces and means of the ACC fully corresponded to the composition of the fleets and their needs.
- Including deep-sea divers?
- Of course. Specifically, the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets - each - had teams of twelve at their disposal: four could work at a depth of 120 meters, four at 160, four at 200. On the Northern and Pacific Fleets there were twice as many deep-waters - with the same ratio in depths.
By the way, tests were also carried out on diving descents of 500 meters. The conditions of a five-hundred-meter depth were simulated in a hydropressure chamber. The experiment was comparable in complexity and danger to the first exit of a man in outer space, for the testers have developed a special breathing mixture. The dive was successful. For their courage and heroism, diving specialists captains of the 3rd rank Vatagin and Solodkov were awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union, captain of the 1st rank Sweet and captain of the 2nd rank of Khramov - Hero of Russia. Colonel of the medical service Semko received the Hero of Socialist Labor - for the medical support of the tests.
Has anything similar happened in other countries?
- I haven't heard of that. Now in Lomonosov we have a detachment of rapid response deep-sea divers, formed shortly after the sinking of the Komsomolets: about twenty people to work at depths of 120 and 160 meters. They trained in recent times or not, I don't know. But their group flew to Northern Fleet to participate in exercises. When the Kursk sank, they were just there, in the North, in the area of ​​the exercises.
- So why...
- It sounds regrettable, but the fact remains: in the entire Northern Fleet there was not a single rescue ship with a deep-water rescue complex with a diving bell on board. No one! That is why there was all hope for the "Priz" and "Bester", descending from the "Rudnitsky", which could not dock with the "Kursk". Other rescue vessels - "Pamir", "Agatan", "Aldan", "Altai", "Nikolay Chiker" have either been decommissioned or sold.
- "Carpathians"?
- We lifted S-80 from two hundred meters with the Karpaty in 1969: then I was both the author of the project and the chief engineer of the expedition. The ship had everything necessary for such work, including a diving bell, observation and working descent chambers. Alas, the crew of the Karpaty was subsequently disbanded, the ship was transferred to Kronstadt, where it is used as a hostel and is now in critical condition.
- A fundamental decision on the Kursk has already been made: in the near future to cut "windows" in the hull for the evacuation of dead submariners. Then, apparently, in the summer it will come to lifting the boat itself. How difficult is it?
- The rise is quite real, and for this you do not need to invent anything. All the novelty will lie in the scale of the means and efforts involved for this. And this is where you need to think about various options actions. For example, I believe that so-called windows should not be cut in light and durable cases. On the contrary, it is now very important to maintain at least partial tightness of the internal volumes, primarily the tanks of the main ballast.
What can happen if the "windows" are cut through? The overall strength of the hull will immediately decrease, it may simply not withstand the rise. The internal volumes can no longer be drained. And that's a lot of extra weight.

In the pictures: Yu.K. SENATE; descent of a deep-sea diving bell.

These Rules determine the order of signal communication in the Navy and are intended for ships, ships and coastal posts.
PSS Navy-90 should be studied by officers of ships, vessels, headquarters of formations (formations), chiefs of coastal posts and signalmen (). The study of the PSS Navy-90 ends with the acceptance of tests.
In the future, credits for knowledge of the VMF-90 PSS are accepted from officers when they are admitted to independent control of a ship (vessel), keeping a navigational watch, and from signalmen (signal helmsmen) - when they are admitted to independent watchkeeping.

Content
Terms and their definitions
Chapter I. Basic provisions for the exchange of information by means of signal communication
Signaling facilities
The right to use means of signal communication
The procedure for passing information
Control over the use of signaling communications
Chapter II. The procedure for the use of signal communication
General provisions
callsigns
Flag signaling
Rehearsal of flag signals
Rules for hoisting flag signals
Light signaling
Transmission of signals (messages) by means of light signaling "along the line"
Use of light signaling devices
Light signaling when swimming without lights
Semaphore signaling
Morse signaling with flags or hands
Sound alarm
Use of megaphones
Figure signaling
Pyrotechnic signaling
Signal communications in the marines
Educational signal production
Documentation at signaling posts
Chapter III. Alarms and warnings
International distress signals
Signals when a person falls overboard
Warning signals for temporary closures
Chapter IV. Ship lights and additional lights of ships of the Navy
ship lights
Additional lights of the ships of the Navy
Chapter V
Hoisting flags, pennants and braided pennants on ships and vessels of the Navy
Flag signaling when raising (lowering) the Naval ensign of the USSR
Obligations of signalmen during the ordinary hoisting (lowering) of the Naval flag of the USSR
Obligations of signalmen when preparing a ship (vessel) for coloring with flags
Duties of signalmen during the ceremonial raising (lowering) of the Naval flag of the USSR
Saluting and giving military honors with the Naval ensign of the USSR
Chapter VI. Signal communication with sea vessels of the USSR and foreign ships, ships and coastal posts
Chapter VII. Radiotelephone communication
General provisions
Chapter VIII.
General provisions
Terms of Use
Applications:
1. Table for the transfer of letters of the Russian alphabet in Latin letters
2.
3. Flags of the International Code of Signals (ISS-1965)
4. Translation of the values ​​of the VMCC flags to the MCC flags
5. Procedure for replacing missing flags
6. Order of numbering of signal files
7. Russian telegraph alphabet
8. Morse characters and procedural signals
9. Message transmission by means of light signaling
10. Service signs used for light signaling
11. Russian semaphore alphabet
12. Morse signaling table using flags or hands
13. Signals for showing the course of the ships of the Navy
14. Distress signals (international)
15. Rescue signals (international)
16. Warning service
17. Signal and distinguishing lights of a warship
18. State flag of the USSR
19. Naval flags and pennants of the USSR
20. Examples of radiotelephone communication