Underwater apparatus harpsichord 2r pm. Underwater "Harpsichord" will play on the nerves of the United States
Autonomous. Underwater. Uninhabited. These are the official definitions for the new marine robot, which the military and specialists of the naval training ground near Feodosia in the Crimea have begun testing.
Submarine robot
The new autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle was named Harpsichord-2R. What it is is difficult to say because of the rather dense veil of secrecy erected around this robot. It is only reported that the device looks like a submarine. In terms of dimensions, it is as follows: 6.5 m in length, 1 m in diameter - more consistent with a torpedo. True, plump - almost twice as wide as the standard 533 mm. And weighing almost twice as much - about 3.7 tons.
These tons, according to scanty information from the military, are made up of different devices. There is a magnetic anomaly detector, therefore, the device is focused on the search for ships, mines, torpedoes and similar targets. There is a video camera. Everything is clear with her. There are temperature and electrical conductivity sensors - this is obviously for measuring the properties of water, which can also tell a lot about the enemy. It is officially reported that the device will be used for "prospecting, bottom mapping and soil probing."
Presumably, the Institute of Oceanology named after P.P. Shirshov Russian Academy Sciences has already gone saliva in anticipation of such a powerful research tool ...
According to the sources of "Tsargrad" among circles close to the fleet, over time it is not at all excluded that devices like the "Harpsichord" can really be used for civil and scientific purposes. Especially with its ability to dive to a depth of up to two kilometers and a range of up to 50 km.
In the same way, however, it is possible that the robot can also be loaded with a warhead. Also, presumably, two times more explosive than 200-400 kg for a standard torpedo. Not to mention special ammunition. And this circumstance brings the Harpsichord closer to the Poseidon underwater robot, which is being developed as part of the Status-6 project. The very one that provides a reliable defense of Russia with an inevitable and irresistible threat of destroying the entire American fleet right in the harbors of Norfolk, San Diego and so on, and American decision-making centers right on the east coast.
It won't even be very difficult. Robots are issued from submarines. It is specified that nuclear submarines of Project 949AM Granit will become carriers of the Harpsichord-2R, and then they live autonomously, as they should. Stand alone and die. Not alone, of course. So we can assume for the "Harpsichords" and the presence of the function of target designators and gunners for their combat robotic colleagues.
It is assumed that these new robots may enter service before the end of 2018.
Unique Vladivostok apparatus
And this information - about such an early adoption, which means already final readiness - suggests that the "Harpsichord-2R" is military development civilian underwater robot "Harpsichord-1R". And a lot is known about him.
This device was created at the Institute of Marine Technology Problems (IPMT) of the Far Eastern Branch (FEB) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. And he became the first underwater robot to dive to the bottom of the Arctic Ocean.
In total, as the chairman of the presidium of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academician Valentin Sergienko, said, two dives were made. During the first, which lasted seven hours, the device studied the water area and the bottom, made measurements of the current speed and - attention - topographic survey. The second dive already lasted 21 hours, during which the robot took soil samples.
Judging by the "Harpsichord-1R", then his military counterpart has large reserves. Because the first can already work at a depth of up to six kilometers and be under water for up to 48 hours. There are no such devices in the world that can be compared in efficiency with the Harpsichord-1R, Far Eastern scientists assure.
It looks like a herd of similar robots has a shepherd
Recall that at one time Tsargrad posted a material where, with reference to the results of the conference of the All-Russian Fleet Support Movement (DPF), it was said that they know how to make underwater robots in our country. But the work on this topic is not being carried out in a very coordinated and efficient manner.
And about the "Harpsichord-1R" in the material was said. The fact that this is not just some kind of manipulator, but an apparatus that is endowed with artificial intelligence, communicates with the operator via a hydroacoustic communication channel, transmits up a very clear, high-resolution picture of the seabed.
It was also said that a device capable of reaching a depth of 12 km is being developed in the same IMPT. This is despite the fact that the most deep place in the oceans - Mariana Trench- a depth of 11,022 m.
And in total, 17 (!) Projects of robotic underwater vehicles and complexes of various classes and purposes are being developed. And this number is constantly growing. But this is where the main problem of domestic underwater robotics lies: there are brains, worse hands, but no organization at all. Rather, the organization must be built.
A very promising, especially in Russia, still rich in brains, herd of robotic divers is in great need of one competent shepherd,
- the conclusion was made in the material.
It seems that this conclusion was heeded.
MOSCOW, 8 June. /TASS/. The Central Design Bureau "Rubin" will soon complete the creation of an uninhabited underwater vehicle "Klavesin-2R-PM", intended for search operations and research. This was reported to TASS by the general director of the design bureau Igor Vilnit.
"The Harpsichord-2R-PM complex is being created, which has increased autonomy and diving depth compared to the Yunona complex. In addition to survey and search functions, it also solves the problems of research studying the World Ocean in deep-water areas," Vilnit said in conversation with a TASS correspondent.
The general director of the design bureau recalled that the Yunona mobile autonomous underwater vehicle was presented at the Army-2015 exhibition.
We are talking about a device designed to study the underwater situation, solve search problems and provide rescue operations, and work on the Arctic shelf.
"Juno" is designed for a depth of up to a thousand meters, its autonomy reaches six hours. The apparatus is 2.9 m long, 0.2 m in diameter, and weighs 80 kg.
Earlier, Vilnit stated that the Russian Navy was also interested in the development.
According to open sources, earlier this year Rubin insured the construction of two Harpsichord-2R-PM apparatuses. The insurance covers, among other things, the testing of devices that must be completed in St. Petersburg and the Crimea.
Marine robots for the Arctic
The Rubin Central Design Bureau is developing a preliminary design for uninhabited vehicles that will ensure the construction and operation of drilling complexes in the Arctic. According to Vilnit, these devices will be included in the complex of under-ice-underwater drilling.
"It is planned that the underwater vehicles developed as part of the project will carry out search and survey work on the ground and in the ocean, necessary for the construction of the drilling complex, as well as ensure safety during its operation," he explained.
Earlier, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said that Russia plans to develop deposits in the Arctic using marine robots. According to him, in the future, "whole underwater" cities "with their own transport, energy supply, communication lines" will be created.
To solve some problems, various remotely controlled systems with a complex necessary equipment. Thus, autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles can be used to study the seabed and study bottom objects. Systems of this class are being actively developed by domestic enterprises. AT last years several similar complexes were created by several organizations. Two of them belong to a family called "Harpsichord".
ANPA "Harpsichord-1R"
The first representative of the new family was the apparatus "Harpsichord-1R". According to available data, the autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle "Klavesin-1R" was developed by the Institute of Marine Technology Problems of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPMT FEB RAS, Vladivostok). The aim of the project was to create a special tool suitable for performing various tasks at different depths. The development was carried out both in the interests of scientific organizations and for the relevant structures of the military department. The project included the possibility of studying environment and individual objects using a set of onboard equipment. The device received automated system control with the ability to receive new commands from the control panel.
ANPA "Harpsichord-1R" before launching into the water. Photo by IPMT FEB RAS / Imtp.febras.ru
Based on the requirements and expected features of the application, the authors of the project used some proven ideas and solutions. In particular, outwardly the product "Harpsichord-1R" resembles a torpedo of slightly increased dimensions. All main units are placed inside a cylindrical body. The head part of the apparatus is covered with a hemispherical fairing, in the stern there is a tapering unit, on which the so-called. propulsion complex. The length of the Harpsichord-1R is 5.8 m, the case diameter is 900 mm. The mass of the device in the air is 2.5 tons.
ANPA "Harpsichord-1R" has a solid body that ensures the operation of all units at great depths. Design characteristics provide diving to depths of up to 6 km. The device is equipped with four electric motors located on the columns of the aft part of the hull. Each of them rotates its own propeller. Available power units allow speeds up to 1.5 m/s (2.9 knots). Batteries provide a range of up to 300 km.
The underwater vehicle received an automated software control system. In preparation for immersion in the automation of the product, a program is loaded, according to which work is carried out in the future. This provides for the possibility of correcting the loaded program. To do this, the control complex located on board the carrier vessel can use a hydroacoustic communication channel. After updating the program, the ANPA "Harpsichord-1R" can immediately proceed to the required actions.
Apparatus for testing. Photo Svpressa.ru
On board the underwater vehicle there is a set of various equipment designed to survey the surrounding objects and collect necessary information. AT different parts side-scan sonar, an electromagnetic finder, a digital video camera with signal processing tools, an acoustic profilograph, as well as temperature and electrical conductivity sensors of outboard water are mounted on a durable hull.
The main means of observing the surrounding space, capable of operating in various conditions and used to detect various objects, is a side-scan hydroacoustic locator. It is possible to use the high-frequency and low-frequency modes of the station. The low frequency mode allows you to view a band 800 m wide. When using high frequency oscillations, the band width is reduced to 200 m.
Other onboard equipment allows you to make various measurements and determine the parameters environment. A bathymetric study of water bodies and their bottom, acoustic sounding of the bottom soil or video filming of detected objects can also be performed. With the help of onboard equipment, the Harpsichord-1R can both find and examine various objects located at the bottom. It is possible to study point and extended objects.
The control panel of the complex "Harpsichord-1R". Photo by IPMT FEB RAS / Imtp.febras.ru
The operation of the underwater vehicle is controlled using a remote control located on board the carrier vessel. The equipment of the console allows for preliminary preparation before diving, including the introduction work program, control the operation of all systems, receive some data, as well as correct the set program and transmit updated instructions to the device.
The ANPA project "Harpsichord-1R" was developed in the middle of the last decade, and was soon brought to the assembly of experimental equipment with its subsequent testing. Later, the prototype was used in various operations, the purpose of which was to conduct research or search for certain objects. It is known that during the tests the prototype dived in the Sea of Japan, and also descended into the Kuril-Kamchatka deep-sea trench. Experimental operation was carried out in the regions of the Arctic. So, in 2007, the Harpsichord-1R apparatus became part of scientific equipment used by the polar expedition "Arktika-2007". The nuclear icebreaker Rossiya became the carrier of the complex. Later, a new type of AUV was used in a search operation in the Sea of Okhotsk. The purpose of these works was to search for a sunken radioisotope source.
At the end of 2008 domestic funds mass media published some details research work in the Arctic seas. The video camera of the device allowed operators to see different inhabitants seabed, some of which subsequently could not be identified even by specialists. However, research marine fauna was not the task of the operators of the complex.
An image of an object obtained using the Harpsichord-1R equipment. Photo by IPMT FEB RAS / Imtp.febras.ru
During the tests, the Harpsichord-1R complex confirmed the design characteristics, and in addition, improved some indicators. So, during one of the dives, a depth of 6083 m was reached. In 2008, the device passed state tests, according to the results of which it was recommended for full operation. According to various sources, to date, an autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle has been used several times for various studies in different seas.
ANPA "Harpsichord-2R-PM"
Probably, based on the results of testing and operation of the Harpsichord-1R underwater vehicle, it was decided to create a new system of this class, intended for operation by special structures of the navy. In 2009, the Ministry of Defense formed the requirements for the new AUV and chose the developer. On May 19, 2009, an agreement was signed between the military department and the Central Design Bureau marine engineering"Ruby". By now new project was brought to the stage of testing at sea.
The second project of an autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicle was named "Harpsichord-2R-PM". According to reports, the new development has the same goals and objectives as its predecessor. At the same time, the AUV of the second model should differ in slightly increased dimensions and a different composition of onboard equipment. Due to this, it becomes possible to increase the efficiency of prospecting and research of the seabed.
General view of the ANPA "Harpsichord-2R-PM". Photo Hisutton.com
There is some information about the design of the device "Harpsichord-2R-PM". According to these data, the main unit of the product is a rectangular frame designed to install all major systems. It is equipped with electronic equipment, power point, buoyancy blocks, etc. The stern also has a propulsion complex, consisting of four engines with propellers. Protection against water is carried out using a durable housing. The hull has a cylindrical shape with a streamlined bow and stern. On the upper surface of the hull, a protrusion-superstructure of great length and low height is provided.
The length of the AUV "Harpsichord-2R-PM" reaches 6.5 m, the diameter of the hull is 1 m. The mass is approximately 3.7 tons. The speed parameters of the device, according to various sources, are approximately equal to the characteristics of its predecessor. At the same time, the cruising range was reduced to 50 km. The strength of the hull allows you to dive to a depth of 6 km. A few months ago it was reported that the device was already able to dive to a depth of 500 m.
The exact composition of the onboard equipment of the new underwater vehicle is unknown. Probably, it was decided to keep the general architecture of the previous project, but at the same time increase the efficiency of work by using the equipment of new models with improved characteristics. An increase in autonomy is also announced in comparison with the Harpsichord-1R AUV. Such data may indicate the preservation of existing management principles, due to which work should be carried out according to a pre-compiled program with the possibility of adjusting it at any time.
By now experimental technique type "Harpsichord-2R-PM" entered the test. The beginning of the checks was preceded by the appearance of some documents revealing the details of the project. In particular, in February of this year, the Rubin Central Design Bureau of MT announced a request for proposals for insurance of a new type of experimental equipment. A month later, it was planned to choose a company that was to insure two experimental underwater vehicles. The document also indicated that the construction of equipment was carried out in St. Petersburg, and testing is planned in St. Petersburg and in the Crimea, on the Black Sea. The insured value of one AUV "Harpsichord-2R-PM" was determined at 300 million rubles.
At the beginning of June 2016, the management of the Central Design Bureau of MT Rubin spoke about the imminent completion of work on a new project. From the published data it followed that by now prototypes went to trials and are being tested in the Black Sea. It was also noted that during this stage of testing, the Harpsichord-2R-PM will be able to reach a depth of about 500 m. Diving to great depths at the used Black Sea test site is simply impossible.
In the foreseeable future, industry and navy specialists will have to complete all the necessary work on the Harpsichord-2R-PM project. After that, the experimental equipment, having passed state tests, can be adopted by the navy. Previously, some information about possible application new technology. Autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles will be included in the onboard equipment of nuclear submarines being modernized under the 949AM project. In addition, they will become a regular means of studying the situation of nuclear submarines. special purpose BS-64 "Podmoskovye" project 09787.
The development of promising autonomous underwater vehicles makes it possible to provide the fleet and scientific organizations with new complexes capable of carrying out observation and reconnaissance in various regions of the World Ocean at different depths. The possibility of monitoring the situation with the help of hydroacoustic radars, as well as some other equipment, is provided. When approaching a minimum distance, new devices can use video cameras. An important advantage of new domestic developments is the possibility of autonomous operation without constant control from the carrier.
Estimated architecture of the apparatus "Harpsichord-2R-PM". Figure Hisutton.com
To date, one of the devices of the Harpsichord family has passed all the necessary tests and has been recommended for full operation. Two prototypes of the ANPA "Klavesin-2R-PM" are currently being tested, which in the future will determine their real future. As long as there are no major problems and the pace is maintained, the trials can be completed within a few next months. Thanks to this, in the near future Navy will be able to get new special equipment that simplifies the solution of some special tasks. However, due to the specific purpose of the new technology, the details of its operation will remain a secret for a long time.
According to the websites:
http://imtp.febras.ru/
http://ckb-rubin.ru/
http://i-mash.ru/
http://tass.ru/
http://hisutton.com/
Many today evaluate the development of science and technology by achievements in space, this direction is actively promoted: the well-known sends its rockets and hopefully waits for their returns, flights to Mars are actively planned with contemptuous disregard for the nearby moon. However, there is an equally important and unexplored space closer to us - ocean depths, which have not been studied so thoroughly, no matter how strange it may seem at first glance. High pressure- no less difficult for technology environment than vacuum.
And in this area, as well as in space, Russia has made considerable progress. Literally in June, the Rubin Central Design Bureau announced the completion of work on the new self-guided deep-sea device Harpsichord 2R-PM.
Let's remember the first option - "Harpsichord 1R", which is successfully used on the Arctic continental shelf and in the Sea of Japan, the Kuril-Kamchatka deep-water trench.
Its autonomy is 120 hours, the immersion depth was up to 6 km, and the range was 300 km.
"Harpsichord 1R" has the ability to conduct panoramic sonar surveys with a low-frequency radar with a swath of 800 m and a high-frequency one with a swath of 200 m, find and examine point bottom objects, conduct acoustic sounding of the soil and bathymetric measurements. Of course, there is also the possibility of video recording.
A feature of the device is the presence of various control modes. For example, a completely autonomous mode according to a given program or using a hydroacoustic communication channel.
This device proved its high efficiency: it was engaged in research of the deep-water shelf of the Russian sector of the Arctic, where it obtained information for the UN, proving that the Lomonosov Ridge belongs to the Russian shelf.
The second Harpsichord model, of course, should be ahead of the prototype in terms of performance, but exact data has not yet been made public. There was even strange information that the diving depth would be reduced from 6 km to 2 km. However, the Rubin Central Design Bureau will not limit itself to one Harpsichord 2R-PM, the general director of the design bureau Igor Vilnit shares his plans:
“On our own initiative, we are working on the creation of a series of autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles built on a modular basis.”
Igor Vilnit
It is very likely that the designers decided to divide the vehicles by diving depths: 2 km and 6 km is a fundamental difference, and it is more logical to divide production taking into account modularity: much fewer deep-sea vehicles are required than devices for studying the shelf.
In the near future, Rubin Central Design Bureau intends to develop a family of deep-sea uninhabited vehicles that will greatly facilitate the construction and subsequent operation of drilling complexes in the Arctic. In fact, according to Igor Valnit, they will be included in the standard complex of under-ice-underwater drilling:
It is planned that the submersibles being developed as part of the project will carry out search and survey work on the ground and in the ocean, necessary for the construction of the drilling complex, as well as ensure safety during its operation.
Igor Vilnit
With research opportunities, everything is more or less clear. But taking into account modern realities, there is natural question: Is the Harpsichord military application possible?
It is clear that it can be used to search for all sorts of "surprises" on seabed, for sabotage on underwater engineering structures, for reconnaissance of enemy naval bases and much more. At the same time, the declared range of 300 km is very arbitrary: "Caliber" in export version We don't fly very far either. In addition, the range can be associated with control: one thing is the transmission of commands through hydroacoustic communication in real time, the other is programmed actions such as “swim up there and lie quietly there, transmitting data.”
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