Flower doronicum planting and care. Doronicum in landscaping

Mulching cucumbers in a greenhouse is an agricultural technique, thanks to which in the future you can get excellent fruiting, healthy plantings. Due to the fact that mulch is used for cucumbers, care for them is greatly simplified, regardless of whether cucumbers are grown in a greenhouse or in open ground conditions.

The positive aspects of mulching

Among the key positive aspects of the use of mulch for garden crops are the following:

Thanks to the mulch material, plants are reliably protected from adverse climatic conditions, from sudden low temperatures, which negatively affect the growth and development of heat-loving garden crops.
The quality and quantity of the crop is significantly improved. On those plantations where mulch is used, the yield increases several times. This has been proven by research and by vegetable growers themselves.
The need to irrigate plants is significantly reduced, since the mulch covers the top layer of soil and the root system, thereby retaining moisture near the roots. Also, such material protects from direct sunlight on the roots that are too close to the soil surface. So, cucumber bushes should not be moistened so often and not so abundantly.
Mulching suppresses weed activity.
There is no need for hilling plantings. Using organic material the soil gets bigger saturated with air, it begins to actively multiply earthworms, which loosen the ground, providing air access to the root system.
After laying the mulch, the soil does not suffer from weathering or washing out of the positive mineral elements that are necessary for the active development of crops. Thanks to this, there is no need for frequent feeding of plantings.
It is no longer necessary to loosen the soil so often, when mulching, the traumatization of the root system located too close to the soil surface is reduced.

And another, significant advantage is that the ripening fruits are on a clean layer of organic material, as a result of which they are clean and do not begin to rot.

What is used for mulching

In order to mulch cucumbers, it is necessary to use various coatings. They can be inorganic - nonwovens, synthetic materials, or organic - peat, compost, straw, sawdust. Often, experienced vegetable growers use materials such as lutrasil, perforated film material.

It is not recommended to use the grass that has just been mowed, since it can cause the development of putrefactive processes in the soil and, accordingly, in the bushes of the culture itself. In addition, various pests, such as slugs, are often found in freshly cut grass.

According to the statements of experienced agronomists, the use of such materials for growing garden crops in a greenhouse or open ground is mandatory. They recommend the use of materials such as straw, hay, compost, dry leaves. When using lutrasil or black film, the seedlings are planted directly into the slots, which are made after the film is stretched over the selected area.

Despite the advantages, this method of mulching threatens with severe overheating on hot days, so it is recommended to additionally shade the plants. Or, when too hot days come, it is better to remove the coating altogether, or stretch a white transparent film on top.

Application of polyethylene

This method is an alternative way to create mulch in the beds. In this case, a transparent plastic film is used, which is not needed for household chores. When applying this option, the seed material is planted in the soil, then the soil is covered with transparent light polyethylene, the layer should not be too dense.

After the appearance of the first young sprouts, it is not necessary to remove the covering material, it is enough just to make cruciform cuts in the material itself, where the active growth of plantings begins. The use of such material is advisable when growing garden crops in a greenhouse.

When creating such a kind of greenhouse, excellent germination occurs not only of cucumber culture, but also of other plantations. The growth and activity of weed grass is restrained by a film shelter.

It is not necessary to remove it to remove weeds, they will soon stop growing under the influence of high temperatures and high humidity due to irrigation of plants. Moisturizing plants when using such a mulch should be very rare. And weeding weeds and loosening or harrowing is not at all worth it.

Cucumber bushes will develop well in such conditions, as they love high temperatures, high humidity and lack of loosening (which often injures tender roots, which are often too close to the soil surface).

Features of mulching

It is recommended to bookmark the mulched material immediately, when the first young sprouts appear or after the planting of the finished cucumber seedlings has been carried out. It is recommended to periodically add a new layer of mulch throughout the growing season and update it.

Before the soil is covered with mulch material, all weeds should be completely removed. Such measures are especially important when growing plants in a greenhouse.

If organic mulch materials are used in growing crops in open ground, they do not need to be removed, they simply rot until the end of the growing season. And if they are used when growing in a greenhouse, they must be removed.

Thanks to the use of mulch, the yield in the future is significantly increased.

In the photo, the goat looks like a pretty bouquet of yellow daisies, flowers so familiar and sweet to the heart. Growing doronicum in open ground (about 10 varieties are cultivated) will bring real pleasure to the grower. The culture is undemanding in care: planting a doronicum and propagating a plant do not present any particular difficulties. All the tricks for growing doronicum are outlined in this article.

Doronicum: varieties and varieties

The perennial flowering plant doronicum (popular name - goat) belongs to the large Astrov family. Almost 40 plant species grow in nature, which can be found in the wild in the mountain ranges of Europe and Asia.

The most common types are:

eastern doronicum (D. orientale);

Doronicum orientalis

plantain doronicum (D. plantagineum).

Doronicum plantain

Perennial doronicum bushes can grow without transplanting in one place for many years. The stems of the plant are simple, with little branching, very resistant to adverse weather conditions. weather conditions. The leaves form a basal rosette, the leaves are arranged alternately on the stems and do not have petioles.

The height of perennial doronicums varies depending on the cultivar of the plant, and ranges from 0.25 m to 0.7 m. The pure yellow flowers of the goat, depending on the variety, can reach from 4 to 10 cm. The petals along the edge of the flower basket are ligulate, the core flower is filled with tubular petals. All varieties of doronicum bloom in May-June. When wilted inflorescences are removed, the plant produces side shoots on which new yellow "daisies" bloom. All varieties of goat are simply charming (as can be judged by the photos attached to the article), while they are undemanding to care for.

Planting doronicum

A perennial plant perfectly adapts to any conditions, so planting a doronicum is possible both in a sunny clearing and in semi-shady places in the garden. The exception is the varieties of doronicum plantain, which needs a sunny location for full flowering. In practice, it has been noticed that in partial shade the flowering time of the plant is longer than in the sun.

The plant will please you with flowering, regardless of whether you plant it in the shade or in the sun.

Advice! Doronicum plantings should not be located near large trees, - they inhibit the plant, while the flowering period is significantly reduced.

Planting doronicum in open ground is carried out in a fertile, loose and wet soil, but the earth should not be waterlogged. Considering that all varieties of goat grass have a superficial root system, it is not recommended to loosen the soil under flower bushes. It is also very careful to carry out weeding in beds with doronicum, trying not to damage the roots of a flowering perennial.

Doronicum may only need rainwater

Doronicum is a plant for lazy flower growers. Powerful rhizomes store moisture, and plants practically do not need watering. Regular watering is carried out only in dry and hot weather.

The plant tolerates winter cold well and spring frosts, when grown in open ground does not need additional shelter.

plant care

Doronicum does not require special care. The main thing to remember about the surface root system and not loosen the soil near the plants. Growing a flower crop in open ground requires the implementation of measures to preserve moisture in the soil. To do this, it is useful to mulch the top layer of soil in the garden where doronicum grows. Mulch with chopped wood chips, bark, hay or special materials that retard the evaporation of moisture.

The plant responds very well to mulching.

After flowering, the aerial part of the plant goes into a dormant stage until the end of summer. Plant care during this period almost stops, watering is reduced. At the end of summer, the culture grows again, and a second flowering may even occur. At this time, the young shoots are abundantly watered and fertilized.

Rejuvenation of doronicum bushes is required after 4-5 years, even despite the favorable appearance of the plant. Although doronicums can do without a transplant for many years, the plants grow, and their flowers become smaller.

Advice! The division and transplantation of goat grass in order to rejuvenate plants should be carried out from the end of August.

Fertilizer and fertilizing doronicum

Fertilizers for doronicum should be applied when spring loosening soil. At this time, it is useful to feed the plant with a complete complex fertilizer.

Both organic and mineral fertilizers are useful for doronicum.

At the time of growth of new outlets, it is useful to feed the plant with organic fertilizers with a high proportion of nitrogen. This will help the plants grow green faster.

Reproduction of doronicum

Growing new doronicum plants is possible in three ways:

seed reproduction.
The division of the bush.
Propagation by rhizome segments.

Doronicum seeds

Like all plants of the Astrov family, doronicum is perfectly propagated by seeds that scatter in abundance from faded "baskets", contributing to the self-sowing of a perennial crop. With organized sowing of seeds. The operation is carried out in spring or autumn. It is allowed to sow doronicum immediately to a permanent place or through seedlings in a greenhouse.

The division of bushes and rhizomes is best done in early autumn, when replacement rosettes grow.

Diseases and pests

Doronicum is a fairly disease-resistant plant, but sometimes under adverse conditions it can be affected by powdery mildew. Treatment comes down to treating the plant with special fungicides.

Ladybug

Of the pests, the culture is affected by leaf and gall nematodes, as well as aphids. You can destroy the pest on a flower crop with the help of drugs: "Atkara"; "Aktellik", "Fufanon"; "Arrivo". Processing is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

When infected with nematodes, there is no treatment. Affected plants must be dug up and burned.

Doronicum: combination with other plants

Bright yellow "daisies" of doronicum are perfectly combined with garden perennials: speedwell, kochedyzhnik, ostrich, ferns,. The combination of yellow doronicum flowers with perennial daisy and very decorative.

Doronicum combined with tulips

As a secondary plant, the goat looks gracefully against the background of monolithic greenery, near shrubs and undersized trees. It fits perfectly into the compositions of landscape design in a rustic style.

The "solar daisies" of doronicum, although very simple in appearance, are often used in landscape design due to their lack of care.

Doronicum in landscape design

In landscape design, the goat is used for growing in flower beds, mixborders, and low-growing varieties - in. The plant is ideal for decorating fences and outbuildings. early flowering kozulnik coincides in timing with flowering, and. In landscape design, such compositions are becoming more and more popular.

Doronicum in the garden: video

Types of doronicum: photo

Doronicum: varieties and varieties

The most common types are:

eastern doronicum (D. orientale);

Doronicum orientalis

plantain doronicum (D. plantagineum).

Doronicum plantain

Perennial doronicum bushes can grow without transplanting in one place for many years. The stems of the plant are simple, with little branching, very resistant to adverse weather conditions. The leaves form a basal rosette, the leaves are arranged alternately on the stems and do not have petioles.

Planting doronicum

The plant will please you with flowering, regardless of whether you plant it in the shade or in the sun.

Advice! Doronicum plantings should not be located near large trees - they inhibit the plant, while the flowering time is significantly reduced.

Planting doronicum in open ground is carried out in fertile, loose and moist soil, but the earth should not be waterlogged. Considering that all varieties of goat grass have a superficial root system, it is not recommended to loosen the soil under flower bushes. It is also very careful to carry out weeding in beds with doronicum, trying not to damage the roots of a flowering perennial.

Doronicum may only need rainwater

Doronicum is a plant for lazy flower growers. Powerful rhizomes store moisture, and plants practically do not need watering. Regular watering is carried out only in dry and hot weather.

The plant perfectly tolerates winter colds and spring frosts; when grown in open ground, it does not need additional shelter.

plant care

The plant responds very well to mulching.

Advice! The division and transplantation of goat grass in order to rejuvenate plants should be carried out from the end of August.

Fertilizer and fertilizing doronicum

Fertilizers for doronicum should be applied during the spring loosening of the soil. At this time, it is useful to feed the plant with a complete complex fertilizer.

Both organic and mineral fertilizers are useful for doronicum.

At the time of growth of new outlets, it is useful to feed the plant with organic fertilizers with a high proportion of nitrogen. This will help the plants grow green faster.

Reproduction of doronicum

Growing new doronicum plants is possible in three ways:

seed reproduction.
The division of the bush.
Propagation by rhizome segments.

Doronicum seeds

The division of bushes and rhizomes is best done in early autumn, when replacement rosettes grow.

Diseases and pests

Doronicum is a fairly disease-resistant plant, but sometimes under adverse conditions it can be affected by powdery mildew. Treatment comes down to treating the plant with special fungicides.

Ladybug

When infected with nematodes, there is no treatment. Affected plants must be dug up and burned.

Doronicum: combination with other plants

Bright yellow "daisies" of doronicum go well with garden perennials: Veronica, kochedyzhnik, ostrich, ferns, Rogersia. The combination of yellow doronicum flowers with perennial cornflower and pyrethrum is very decorative.

Doronicum combined with tulips

The "solar daisies" of doronicum, although very simple in appearance, are often used in landscape design because of their undemanding care.

Doronicum in landscape design

In landscape design, the goat is used for growing in flower beds, mixborders, and low-growing varieties - in rockeries. The plant is ideal for decorating fences and outbuildings. The early flowering of the roe goat coincides in time with the flowering of tulips, irises, daffodils and primroses. In landscape design, such compositions are becoming more and more popular.

Doronicum in the garden: video

Types of doronicum: photo

At the end of May, sparks of sunny flowers, similar to bright yellow daisies, flare up in the flowerbeds of the middle lane. This is doronicum, also known as goat, is another popular representative of the Aster family in floriculture. In nature, the golden handsome man lives in temperate climate Asia, Europe and North America, and in culture is known from early XVI century. Among flower growers, doronicum is famous for its unpretentious disposition, resistance to cold, and, of course, it is damn attractive. Its elegant inflorescences-baskets adorn the garden for 30-40 days, reviving the awakening flower garden. And if in the long winter you missed bright colors, then doronicum is your plant!

Landing dates

Growing doronicum from seeds involves 2 ways:

Rassadny - more reliable. Seeds are sown in April. Until the end of May - beginning of June, seedlings spend in sparing room conditions, and after the end of the frost they are planted in a permanent place.
Bezrassadny - saves time. Seeds are sown directly into the ground in May or before winter - in November.

Both methods have their advantages, and which one to choose is up to you.

Seedless growing method

In the garden for doronicum, a semi-shaded place is chosen, away from tree trunks. The culture is undemanding to the composition of the soil, but prefers light, slightly acidic soils. Before sowing, dig the area with a complex fertilizer for flowering plants. In spring, seeds are sown in shallow grooves spilled with water. In autumn, it is not necessary to moisten the soil, otherwise the crops will freeze or get wet.

Doronicum seedling

A honeycomb tray is best suited for growing seedlings of "solar chamomile". Fill it with a moist, nutritious peat-sand mixture (1:1) and sow the seeds in 2-3 pcs. to each cell. Cover the tray with glass or film and place it near a window so that the scorching sun's rays do not damage the fragile seedlings. As the soil dries, water the crops through a fine spray.

The first sprouts of doronicum will hatch from the ground in 10-12 days, with their appearance, the shelter will need to be removed, and the tray should be rearranged under bright (can be artificial) light. When young plants reach a height of 4–5 cm, leave one, the strongest, specimen in each cell. Weak seedlings should not be pulled out, but carefully pinched off the ground so as not to damage the roots of the remaining plant. To make the doronicum more lush, pinch the tops of the bushes in the 3-4 leaf phase.

With the onset of heat, the strengthened seedlings are transferred with an earthen clod into pre-prepared holes, keeping a distance of 30–40 cm between adjacent specimens, dig in and water. During the adaptation period, the planting should be watered daily, later the doronicums are transferred to the "adult" moderate mode.

Water the plants regularly and moderately. The unpretentious "sun" endures a short-term drought, but categorically does not tolerate moisture stagnation at the roots. To preserve moisture, the soil under the bushes is recommended to be mulched with wood chips or freshly cut grass.
Doronicum responds very gratefully to the application of mineral fertilizers and organic matter. Feed in small doses at the beginning of the growing season and before flowering.
It is not recommended to loosen and dig the soil under the bushes so as not to injure the rhizomes close to the surface.
After flowering, the shoots of the culture quickly dry out and look untidy, so it is recommended to cut them.

Provided with competent care, doronicum develops well, without requiring increased attention to its person, and sometimes, after a short period of rest, it pleases with repeated flowering.

Autumn work

In late September - early October, the overgrown curtains of doronicum are rejuvenated by division. Without this procedure, an unpretentious "chamomile" can grow for years, but over time, the old shoots in the middle of the bush die off, the baskets become small and inexpressive, and outwardly the plantings look very sloppy. To preserve the decorativeness of doronicum, it is enough to divide adult specimens every 3-4 years. But! If you need large cut flowers, you will have to plant the bushes annually.

It is not necessary to intensively prepare doronicum for the winter, it steadfastly withstands even the most severe frosts without shelter. However, if weather forecasters predict a snowy winter, you can sprinkle dry leaves for planting reliability.

Diseases and pests

With insufficient or improper care, doronicum can get sick with powdery mildew, rust or gray rot. Simple preventive measures will help to avoid the development of fungal infections: try to prevent waterlogging of the soil on the site and weed out the weeds in a timely manner. In case of infection with gray rot, diseased specimens are recommended to be destroyed so as not to jeopardize neighboring plants. Against powdery mildew and rust, doronicum is sprayed with fungicides (Topaz, Oxyhom, Fundazol). And further. Many flower growers, wanting to get high-quality flowering, grow doronicum on too wet, heavily manured soils. The result is really impressive: the inflorescences are large and elegant, but such plants are more susceptible to fungal diseases than specimens growing in the "correct" soil.

Species and varieties

About 40 species of pretty chamomile grow in nature, many of them are introduced into garden culture, for example, Altai, Austrian, Klyusa, Turkestan, oblong-leaved, Kolyumny doronicums. However, the generally recognized favorites of flower growers are:

Doronicum orientalis (Caucasian, heart-shaped) is a medium-sized perennial 30–50 cm high with ovate-rounded basal and elliptical stem leaves. Basket with a diameter of 3-5 cm is composed of pale yellow reed flowers and orange-yellow tubular. Best varieties: Little Leo, Spring Beauty, Gold Dwarf, Orientale, Magnificum, Leonardo.
Doronicum plantain is a native inhabitant of Southwestern Europe. Perennial plant with oval-elliptical basal leaves, narrowed to a long petiole. On high (up to 140 cm) leafless peduncles, large (8–12 cm in diameter) sunny-yellow baskets bloom at the end of May. Flowering lasts 40-45 days. Blooms 1.5–2 weeks later than the previous species. Popular varieties: Miss Mason, Harpuf Crewe.

Landscape designers recommend planting doronicum in the background of complex flower beds, because, after flowering, it loses its attractiveness. But at the peak of decorativeness, the culture is in perfect harmony with primroses, aquilegia, tulips, irises, daffodils. The joint planting of doronicum and hosts is especially successful - when the golden handsome fades, the neighbor will cover the withered bush with her luxurious leaves. Ground cover crops will also cope with camouflage: alissum, periwinkle, umbilical cord. Incredibly beautiful bright yellow "daisies" look against the backdrop of decorative conifers and stone walls, and a bouquet of them will bring a touch of spring freshness to the house.

Doronicum or goat - a perennial flower for spring garden. Summer residents call it "solar chamomile". The plant is unpretentious, lives in one place for a long time, manages with the most modest care and is great for beginner flower growers. Before you start breeding doronicum, it would be useful to learn more about planting this flower and caring for it.

Botanical description

Doronicum - herbaceous plants for open ground, vegetative for many years in a row. They have aster inflorescences-baskets typical of the family, which can be hemispherical or bell-shaped. Usually inflorescences are placed on the branches one by one, but in some species they are collected in groups of up to 8 pieces.

The diameter of the corolla reaches 12 cm. The wrapper of the inflorescence is green, the leaves are arranged in 2-3 rows.

The doronicum flowers themselves are yellow, chamomile-like, and can be of two types. The first are tubular bisexual, multi-row placed in the center of the inflorescence. Along the edge is a row of reed flowers of a female structure.

Doronicum fruits are called achenes. They have an elongated shape and longitudinally arranged ribs. When ripe, the fruits are dark, in unripe cream or light green. Seeds are small - in one gram up to 6000 pieces. Germination lasts up to 2 years.

The rhizome lies in the surface layer of the soil, has a fibrous structure. Stems are straight, short, hardly branched. In some species of goat, their length reaches 1 m.

The leaves are triangular, arranged alternately. Near the soil there is a rosette of plates on elongated petioles. They differ from the rest of the leaves in more rounded edges.

The vegetative parts are slightly pubescent. Along the edges of the plates are glands that secrete water droplets and essential oil which makes the plant smell good. AT traditional medicine doronicum is used to make cough medicine.

Species and varieties

The genus Doronicum has about 40 species. Some grow in our country as wild plants. The rest are inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Europe, Asia, North America, where they grow along the banks of rivers and streams in the alpine and subalpine zones.

European and Asian species goat:

Altai (Altaicum);
oriental or heart-shaped (Orientale) - varieties: Spring beauty with terry inflorescences, Golden gnome, Lion cub;
cluza (Clusii);
columnae (Columnae) - the Golden Strauss variety is distinguished by particularly abundant flowering;
plantain (Plantagineum) - there is a large-flowered form up to 150 cm high, varieties: Miss Mason, Harpuf Crewe;
oblong-leaved (Oblongifolium);
Turkestani (Turkestanicum).

Doronicum Plantagineum

In culture, the eastern doronicum is most common - planting and caring for it in the open field are the same as for other types of goats, but the eastern flowers are larger.

Doronicum orientalis in the photo:

reproduction

The plant is bred by division and sowing.

Seeds are sown in spring or before winter immediately in a flower garden or at home for seedlings. Seeds germinate at a temperature of +16 degrees. Seedlings appear on the soil surface a week after sowing. They are dived into separate pots and grown until the end of June. When planting in a permanent place, a distance of 20-25 cm is left between the seedlings.

Dismantling the bush into parts is carried out in September.

Bush division:

dig along with the earth;
divide by hand into several parts;
the pieces are planted immediately.

Usually the plant tolerates division well and grows quickly in a new place.

Transplant and care

The plant is not afraid of cold weather, hibernates without shelter, even in a flowering state, without harm to itself, tolerates short-term drops in temperature to negative values. However, in areas with severe winters with little snow, the roots of doronicum should be covered with fallen leaves in late autumn.

Kozulnik loves light, but in the bright sun it becomes smaller. In order for the flowers to be larger and stay open longer, the plants are placed in some shading. An exception is plantain doronicum. This species can only grow in full sun. In strong shade - under the trees, next to the trunks - the flowers do not grow at all.

When planting a goat, the soil must be cultivated to a depth of 20-25 cm and well fertilized with humus. In such cases, the plant will bloom most magnificently.

Care doronicum does not require. It needs to be fed once a year. Fertilizers are applied in early spring, before flowering, in the form aqueous solution containing the main macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. On well-fertilized soil at the end of summer, the goat may bloom again.

It is very important to water the goat during flowering abundantly, but waterlogging should not be allowed. In the middle of summer, the plant fades and enters a dormant mode, in which it tolerates even severe drought.

In early spring, to preserve water in the soil, it is recommended to mulch the bushes abundantly - this will eliminate the danger of drying out the roots and stopping flowering. Since the rhizome is located superficially, it is not recommended to dig the soil next to the stem or loosen it deeply.

The flower is able to disperse on its own, so you need to immediately cut off the withered buds from the bushes, preventing them from setting seeds.

Kozulnik has to be protected from snails, aphids and nematodes.

The plant can “sit” in one place for about 10 years, but gradually thickens and begins to suffer from powdery mildew, and the corollas become noticeably smaller. In such cases, a transplant saves.

The bush is dug up, divided and planted in a new place, adding a little manure to the sandy soil, and sand to the heavy clay soil. After planting, it is enough to water the plant once - it does not need any special care.

Doronicum in landscape design

Flowers are planted in groups against the background of shrubs, and placed in rocky gardens.

The goat flower blooms early. AT middle lane already in the middle of spring, the first bright daisies open at the ends of the shoots. On the bare black earth after winter, bright yellow islands look especially impressive.

After the end of flowering, the bush dries up, the leaves wither, the plant loses its attractiveness. To disguise drying bushes, doronicum is planted with other annuals, which are still in the form of seedlings in June.

The doronicum flower is suitable for cutting. Many people grow roe specifically to add it to spring bouquets.

Bushes intended for floristry are divided annually and grown on well-fertilized soil with abundant watering. Under such conditions, the yellow doronicum daisies will be especially large and bright, with long strong peduncles, but there is a risk of a fungal infection and freezing of the bushes in winter.

Doronicum goes well with other early flowering plants: bulbous,. It can be planted among early flowering varieties and.

At the beginning of summer, islands of white leucanthemum, pink and doronicum plantain look very beautiful. In this group, you can add bright red blotches of oriental poppy. Such a composition will be the best decoration for a dacha in May-June.

Tall species are beautiful only during flowering - early spring. Then they lose their attractive appearance. To eliminate this drawback, they are planted in bushes, the leaves of which will hide the bare stems.

Doronicum in landscape design, photo: