Presentation on the theme "Black Sea". This is our beautiful sea the name of the sea in antiquity

BLACK SEA Presentation by a student of 9 "A" class MOU Secondary School No. 18 Gnuskina Alena Basic data on geography and hydrology of the Black Sea The greatest depth of the Black Sea The greatest distance from coast to coast 2212 m The length of the coastline 4340 km The volume of the Black Sea 550 000 km3 Sea surface area 423 000 km2 Drainage basin area Surface water salinity Sea depth temperature (deeper than 150 m) Oxygen-free zone boundary 2,300,000 km2 17‰ 9oC 140-200 m 1200 km There are few islands in the Black Sea. The largest island is Dzharylgach, its area is 62 km². The highest point is 2 m. The rest of the islands are much smaller, the largest are Berezan and Serpentine (both with an area of less than 1 km²). The shores of the Black Sea are scarcely indented and mainly in its northern part. The only large Crimean peninsula. The following major rivers flow into the Black Sea: the Danube, the Dnieper, the Dniester, as well as the smaller Mzymta, Psou, Bzyb, Rioni, Kodori (Kodor), Inguri (in the east of the sea), Chorokh, Kyzyl-Irmak, Ashli-Irmak, Sakarya ( in the south), Southern Bug (in the north). In the Black Sea, due to its desalination by rivers, there are two masses, two layers of water, which weakly mix with each other. The mountain river The Main Black Sea Current is directed counterclockwise along the entire perimeter of the sea, forming two noticeable rings (“Knipovich glasses”, named after one of the hydrologists who described these currents). The climate of the Black Sea, due to its mid-continental position, is mainly continental. The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the southern coast of Crimea are protected by mountains from cold northern winds and, as a result, have a mild Mediterranean subtropical climate. The waters of the Black Sea are not subject to freezing. The water temperature does not drop below +8 °C The Black Sea is an important transportation area, as well as one of the largest resort regions in Eurasia. The largest port cities on the Black Sea: Novorossiysk, Sochi, Tuapse (Russia) Burgas, Varna (Bulgaria) Batum, Poti (Georgia) Sukhum (Abkhazia / Georgia) Constanta (Romania) Samsun, Trabzon (Turkey) Odessa, Evpatoria, Ilyichevsk , Yuzhny, Kerch, Sevastopol, Yalta (Ukraine) A characteristic feature of the Black Sea is the complete absence of life at depths of more than 150-200 m due to the saturation of the deep layers of water with hydrogen sulfide. Dense thickets of brown algae cystoseira begin right from the water's edge. Red algae Laurencia Red algae Callitamnion corymbose Enteromorpha Flora of the sea includes 270 species of multicellular green, brown, red bottom algae Ceramium ciliary Ulva algae Brown algae Scytosiphon Cladostephus and corallina 2.5 thousand species inhabit the Black Sea. species of animals (including 500 species of unicellular, 160 species of vertebrates - fish and mammals, 500 species of crustaceans, 200 species of mollusks, the rest - invertebrates of various species). Bottlenose dolphin Marble crab Glossa plaice Palemon shrimp cold water the presence of hydrogen sulfide at great depths. Dolphins are the only whales that are found in the Black Sea Amphipod crustaceans Spirorbis Greenfinch Rulena Barnacle - Sphinx Troeper Sphynx mullet Black Sea seahorse Stone crab Black Sea shells hard ground mollusks of the Black Sea Dangerous animals of the Black Sea Sea Dragon The history of the Black Sea shows that man is much more dangerous for the sea and its inhabitants than they are for it. Children often ask - do crabs bite? They do not bite, but pinch - not with teeth, which they do not have, but with pincers. And only when we ourselves try to grab them. Large marble crab, or a stone crab can pinch a finger very painfully; if he nevertheless grabbed you, do not pull him - you will tear off the claw. Crabs release their legs and claws, just like lizards release their tail. Better to just leave him alone, he will unhook himself. Every year in all countries of the Black Sea region the International Black Sea Day is celebrated. MATERIALS FROM THE INTERNET WERE USED IN THE PRESENTATION crimea-map.ru / http://foto.mail.ru / http://aboutvarna.ru/ http://www.rybalka.com/forum/ http://moemore.ru/pictures/

Black Sea

and its inhabitants

The Black Sea is located in the depths of the Eurasia continent and is inland sea basin Atlantic Ocean. Average depth The Black Sea is 1300 m, and the maximum depth reaches 2211 m. The area is 422 thousand sq. km. The waters of the Black Sea wash the shores of many states: Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Turkey, Romania and Georgia. The salinity of the water in the Black Sea is much lower than in other seas.

Not a single sea on Earth has a depth division into two zones - oxygen (up to a depth of 150-200 m) and lifeless hydrogen sulfide (below 200 m), occupying 87% of its water mass. At the disposal of animals and plants is only 13% of the volume of water.

Stone crab prefers rocky bottom

Grass crab lives in algae

About 180 species of fish are known that live in the Black Sea.

The goby hides in a mink

Scorpion thorns are poisonous

Dogs often settle in rapana shells

Rock groupers are very curious

Stargazer or sea cow very poisonous

Night coloring of red mullet (sultanka)

The sea dragon is very poisonous

The needlefish and seahorse differ from other fish in that their females spawn not into the water, but into special skin folds on the males' backs, and the males hatch their eggs until the fry are hatched ..

Fry horse mackerel find shelter under the dome of the cornerot

Black Sea

and its inhabitants

The Black Sea is located in the depths of the Eurasia continent and is an inland sea of the Atlantic Ocean basin. The average depth of the Black Sea is 1300 m, and the maximum depth reaches 2211 m. The area is 422 thousand sq. km. The waters of the Black Sea wash the shores of many states: Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Turkey, Romania and Georgia. The salinity of the water in the Black Sea is much lower than in other seas.

Stone crab prefers rocky bottom

Grass crab lives in algae

About 180 species of fish are known that live in the Black Sea.

The goby hides in a mink

Scorpion thorns are poisonous

Dogs often settle in rapana shells

Rock groupers are very curious

Stargazer or sea cow is very poisonous

Night coloring of red mullet (sultanka)

The sea dragon is very poisonous

Fry horse mackerel find shelter under the dome of the cornerot

The history of the name of the Black Sea Ancient Russia In the XXVI centuries, the name "Russian Sea" was found in the annals, in some sources the sea is called "Scythian". Modern name The "Black Sea" has found its corresponding reflection in most languages: Bolg. Black Sea, Ukrainian Chorne more and others. There are a number of hypotheses regarding the reasons for the emergence of such a name. The Turks and other conquerors, who tried to conquer the population of the coast of the sea, met a fierce rebuff from the Circassians, Adyghes and other tribes, for which they called the Karadengiz Sea Black, inhospitable. But in Turkey there is another legend, according to which a heroic sword rests in the waters of the Black Sea, which was thrown there at the request of the dying wizard Ali. Because of this, the sea is worried, trying to splash out of its depths deadly weapon and is dyed black.

Another reason may be the fact that during storms the water in the sea gets very dark. However, storms in the Black Sea are not very frequent, and the water darkens during storms in all the seas of the earth. Another hypothesis for the origin of the name is based on the fact that metal objects(for example, anchors) lowered into the water of the sea deeper than 150 m on long time, covered with a black coating due to the action of hydrogen sulfide. Another hypothesis is related to the one adopted in the series Asian countries"color" designation of the cardinal points, where "black" denoted the north, respectively, the Black Sea is the northern sea.

The greatest length of the Black Sea in the direction from east to west kilometers; the longest distance from north to south kilometers; Average depth - 1315m Maximum depth - 2210m

Near the very level of the water, in strongly surfed places, pink, lime-soaked, coralline algae, which looks like naked, strongly branching, very fragile bushes, is often found. Near the very level of the water, in strongly surfed places, pink, lime-soaked, coralline algae, which looks like naked, strongly branching, very fragile bushes, is often found. In addition to these algae, there are many other types of algae. Almost all Black Sea algae require a solid support; on soft sand and silt, they are comparatively very rare and in most cases attach themselves to mollusks living in sand and silt, to living or dead, or to randomly found stones. In addition to these algae, there are many other types of algae. Almost all Black Sea algae require a solid support; on soft sand and silt, they are comparatively very rare and in most cases attach themselves to mollusks living in sand and silt, to living or dead, or to randomly found stones. Some algae, especially in winter and spring, rise to the rocks relatively high above the water level and are content with the fact that they are sometimes flooded with waves or even only moistened with spray from the waves. Some algae, especially in winter and spring, rise to the rocks relatively high above the water level and are content with the fact that they are sometimes flooded with waves or even only moistened with spray from the waves.

In the Black Sea, as well as in other seas, you can easily observe jellyfish that can move from place to place. In the Black Sea, as well as in other seas, you can easily observe jellyfish that can move from place to place. The body composition of jellyfish includes a huge amount of water. If we take a jellyfish, The composition of the body of jellyfish includes a huge amount of water. If you take a jellyfish, which sometimes hardly fits in a bucket, and put it on a sheet of paper in the sun, then after a while only a film will remain on the sheet, since water will evaporate, which contains up to 95% in the body of jellyfish.

In Black and Seas of Azov, together, there are up to 134 species of fish, and 4 or 5 species of mammals, including 3 or 4 species of dolphins and seals. In the Black and Azov seas, together, there are up to 134 species of fish, and 4 or 5 species of mammals, including 3 or 4 species of dolphins and seals. In the Black Sea itself, a large commercial value have up to 20 species of fish. In the Black Sea itself, up to 20 species of fish are of great commercial importance.

In terms of fishing, in terms of the number of fish caught and profitability, the Black Sea, together with the Sea of Azov, out of all fishing areas European Russia takes second place. In terms of fishing, in terms of the number of fish caught and profitability, the Black Sea, together with the Sea of Azov, ranks second among all fishing areas in European Russia.

Sultanka or barbunya is very much appreciated for its taste; the ancient Romans paid for large sultans, positively incredible sums. In summer it is caught on all coasts. Sultanka or barbunya is very much appreciated for its taste; the ancient Romans paid for large sultans, positively incredible sums. In summer it is caught on all coasts.

The Akantias shark living in the Black Sea does not pose a danger to humans; she is caught with sturgeon fish on hooks and in Sevastopol, eaten. Shark-related stingrays catfish and sea fox, for all their edibility, they are not used in our food. In addition to fish, mammals are inextricably linked with the sea: the seal and three or four species of dolphins. Dolphins are, of course, real mammals, since they feed their cubs, which they usually have one at a time, with milk and breathe with lungs, and not with gills. They feed on fish. Unlike seals, dolphins cannot get out to land at all, and when they land on it, they die of starvation and violation of the mutual relationship of organs, since their body is built with the expectation of being supported by water. Newborn dolphins are forced to immediately begin to swim and therefore they are born very large, in some species even longer than half the height of the mother. Dolphins swim very fast.

The natural disaster in November caused an ecological disaster in the Azov and Black Seas. The natural disaster in November caused an ecological disaster in the Azov and Black Seas. One autumn day, due to a strong storm, four ships sank, six more ran aground, two tankers were damaged, and one barge is drifting. One autumn day, due to a strong storm, four ships sank, six more ran aground, two tankers were damaged, and one barge is drifting. As a result, about 6800 tons of sulfur and about 1300 tons of oil got into the water. As a result, about 6800 tons of sulfur and about 1300 tons of oil got into the water. According to the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, the wind raged here at a speed of more than 32 meters per second, and the sea was 67 points. According to the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, the wind raged here at a speed of more than 32 meters per second, and the sea was 67 points.

Presentation on the topic "Black Sea" in geography in powerpoint format. In this presentation for schoolchildren, the most important issues related to the study of the Black Sea are considered: its origin, nature, significance for human activities and ecology. Presentation author: Kuskova Anastasia.

Fragments from the presentation

Location

The Black Sea is the warmest and friendliest of our seas, the inland sea of the Atlantic Ocean basin in southern Russia. The surface of the Black Sea is the water border between Europe and Asia.

Origin of the Black Sea name

There are several versions about the name of the sea Black. According to one of them, the sea is so named as a result of its storminess - and storms here are severe up to 8 points. During such a storm, the color of the water away from the coast turns black, and the destructive force of the waves fully justifies its name. According to another theory, the sea is so named because metal objects lowered to a great depth and then raised to the surface become black, for example, anchors. There is also a mythological theory. It is related to the presentation Eastern peoples about the color of the cardinal points. According to these ideas, everything that is in the south is white and red, and in the north - black. This theory is also confirmed at the present time - the Turks still call the Black Sea Kara Deniz - the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, the color of the water of which is much darker than the Black Sea - Ak Deniz - the White Sea, only because it is located to the south. There is no single scientific theory on this issue.

Origin of the Black Sea Basin

Geologically, the Black Sea is young. The origin of the basin is attributed to the end Quaternary period when the mountains of the Crimea, the Caucasus and Asia Minor were formed. Along the edges of the depression, the movement of the earth's crust is now continuing, accompanied by earthquakes.

Nature of the Black Sea

The climate is mild Mediterranean subtropical.
Flora - green, brown and red algae, phytoplankton
Only hydrogen sulfide bacteria live in the deep layers.
There are a lot of fish in the upper layer of the Black Sea.

Importance of the Black Sea

The significance of the Black Sea is great: fishing, shipping, strategic and military importance. Novorossiysk is the largest port in Russia, and Black Sea coast Caucasus is the most important recreational area in the south of Russia.

Ecology

Over the past 15 years ecological situation worsened in the Black Sea.
The main type of Black Sea pollution is oil products.
The construction of new oil terminals, the operation of the Blue Stream gas pipeline, the construction of an ammonia pipeline, roads and facilities to Olympic Games in Sochi.

The Black Sea is frozen

The northwestern Black Sea near Odessa froze for the first time in 30 years as a result of anomalous cold weather established in the region. The thickness of the ice on the beaches, according to the ScanEx engineering and technology center, already exceeds 40 centimeters.
According to satellite data, as of February 7, the northwestern part of the Black Sea is covered with ice for 13 kilometers from the coast, and small "icebergs" can be observed 100 meters from the coast. Rescuers from Romania, Bulgaria and Ukraine announced yellow and orange danger levels on the coasts, urging the population not to go out on the ice. The work of Ukrainian seaports has been suspended until February 15.
The ice miracle, formed during severe frosts in Odessa, never ceases to amaze. The crust of ice on the sea extends for hundreds of meters. Mini-icebergs formed off the coast. They rub against each other and against the piers and emit a frightening creak. It is also interesting to watch how the sea "breathes" - waves still try to break through under the ice. Then the ice crust begins to move, as if something is melting under it.