Bialowieza National Park is the first national park in Poland. National parks in Poland National parks in Poland

On May 24 Europe celebrated the day national reserves and national natural parks. First in Europe national park was established on May 24, 1909, in Sweden. It was Sarek Park in the north of the country. This year, eight more nature parks have been opened in Sweden. Today, there are 250 natural parks on the European continent. Most of them are in Finland - 26.

Poland is also not far behind - on the territory of this country there are 23 national parks. And, perhaps, the 24th national park, Jurassic, will open soon. The relevant documents have already been drawn up at the Ministry of Defense environment. The Jura National Park will be located in the Silesian Voivodeship, between Zawiercie and Częstochowa. After all, for a certain area to become a National Park, it must meet clear criteria. The national park opens on a territory that is of particular natural value. Moreover, the territory must have an area of ​​at least 1000 hectares.

National parks are divided into several categories - and accordingly their natural value is subjected to various methods protection.

There are eight national parks in Poland on the world list of biosphere reserves: this is the Babiogórski Park Narodowy. It is located in the south of Poland, near the border with Slovakia. In this reserve, mainly forest fauna is protected - Brown bear, lynx, wolf, fox, marten.

It is also the Białowieski National Park (Białowieski Park Narodowy), located in eastern Poland, in Podlaskie Voivodeship. The reserve in Belovezhskaya Pushcha was established in 1932. This is one of the oldest national parks in Europe, and only the second in chronology - in Poland. The reserve is famous for the best-preserved fragment of the original forest in Europe... 80 percent of the territory of Belovezhskaya Pushcha is virgin forests, in which there are more than 20 species of woody plants. Let's add that Bialowieza Forest(the name is also ancient, and comes from the 13th century) connects Poland and Belarus. 72,000 hectares of forest lies in Belarus, and almost 5,000 - in Poland. But more Belovezhskaya Pushcha is famous for bison. In the 19th century, it turned out that a significant number of bison, exterminated in other parts of Europe, remained in its forests. Today, about 750 bison live in Belovezhskaya Pushcha (481 of them have Polish citizenship). We add that 4663 bison live in the world. Therefore, it is not surprising that this mammal can be seen on the emblem of the Belovezhsky National Park. 4,500 hectares of the park are covered by tight protection, the Belovezhsky Reserve is also included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Bieszczadzki National Park (Bieszczadzki Park Narodowy) is also considered a biosphere reserve. It is included in the list of the Eastern Carpathians International Biosphere Reserve, which consists of national parks in three countries: Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia. The symbol of the Bieszczady Park is the lynx.

Kampinoski National Park (Kampinoski Park Narodowy), which is not far from Warsaw, covers an area of ​​383 thousand hectares, it belongs to the largest in Poland and is also included in the UNESCO list. Natural Park created on the territory of the Kampinosky Forest. The park consists of three zones: the central zone (subject to reduced protection), the buffer zone (which is protected from urbanization, etc.) and the transition zone. The Kampinos National Park is visited by a million tourists every year. They have at their disposal 360 kilometers of hiking trails adapted also for cycling... There are even six designated places where you can build a fire. The Kampinos forest is a real treasure for the people of Warsaw, an escape and a rest from the concrete and glass jungle... And the symbol of the Kampinos National Park is a cute elk.

The next biosphere reserve in Poland is the Polesie National Park (Poleski Park Narodowy). This is Lublin Voivodeship.

Słowiński National Park (Słowiński Park Narodowy) - it is located on the shores of the Baltic Sea. And its biggest treasure is the moving dunes. The park has been included in the UNESCO list since 1977.

The last, eighth Polish national park, which belongs to biosphere reserves- This is the Tatra Park (Tatrzański Park Narodowy). That is, we are again in the mountains, in the Tatras.

At the foot of these mountains lies the famous Polish resort of Zakopane. The highest mountain is Gerlyakh (2655 m).

All Polish natural parks have a forest character - almost 62 percent of their surface is covered with forests. The exception here is the Ujście Warty park, that is, the bed of the Warta River, where forests cover only 1 percent.

The entire surface of Polish national parks is 316,748 hectares, that is, 1 percent of Poland's land. The smallest in area is the Oytsovsky National Park (in the south of Poland, the symbol of the park is bat), and the territory is only 2146 hectares. The largest is the Biebrza National Park, which runs along the Biebrza River - 59,223 hectares.

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Bialowieza National Park (Białowieski Park Narodowy) is the oldest park in Poland. In addition, it is one of the oldest in Europe. The park was organized in 1921, on December 29, when it functioned as a forest reserve.

It was granted the status of a national park in 1932. Until 1996 total area Belovezhsky park was 5.348 hectares, but subsequently increased to 10.502 hectares.

some time belonged to the Polish kings, thanks to which it was preserved in its original form. It is located on the watershed of the Black Baltic Seas. Broad-leaved and evergreen trees grow in the forests of the national park. In 1979, the Belovezhsky National Park was included in world heritage list.

It should be noted that Belovezhsky Park is a single territory, which is divided state border between Poland and the Republic of Belarus.

Belovezhsky National Park and its flora

AT mixed forests you can see oak, aspen, Norwegian maple elm, small-leaved linden, common ash. Hornbeams are found at the edges of forests. On average, the age of the trees is 73 years. Trees over 130 years old grow on specially protected lands.

Vegetable world Belovezhsky park represented by 1200 plant species, including many unique species such as mountain arnica. There are numerous rotten, broken trees on protected lands. This creates a special atmosphere of wild nature.

Belovezhsky National Park and its wildlife

The local avifauna is represented by the following species: black stork, lesser spotted eagle, gray owl, crow, crane and others. Among the newly introduced bird species in Belovezhsky Park are: common lentil, European canary finch, redstart. Some species of birds that used to breed in the park have completely disappeared today. This is a short-eared owl, peregrine falcon, spotted eagle.

Reptiles living in Belovezhsky national park are not numerous - there are only seven species. The common and sand lizards are the most common. Most rare species- snakes and turtles.

Amphibians are more numerous, but their number rapidly is shrinking. Their main representative is the toad, which lives in large communities in the swampy areas of the national park. In addition to the European toad, in Belovezhskaya Park you can see a newt, a lake frog, a moor frog, a cane toad, a green toad, common toad, common Eurasian spadefoot, common tree frog.

The most protected species include: lentil, peregrine falcon, falcon, lesser spotted eagle, tawny owl, gray crane, redstart, raven, black stork, white stork, dormouse, garden dormouse, garden dormouse, raccoon dog, lynx, red deer, mink European, elk, European wild rabbit, wild boar, bison, ermine, otter, beaver, bison, badger, European stream lamprey, European river lamprey, green lizard, viviparous lizard and others.

Poland has more than 20 national parks, at least 100 landscape parks, nature reserves and many natural monuments. These are the Tatra mountain ranges, the virgin forests of the Belovezhskaya Pushcha, the unique Masurian lakes, as well as the unique Biebrza swamps - the only ones of their kind in Europe. Seven of all national parks in Poland are included in the UNESCO heritage list.

Oytsovsky National Park (Polish Ojcowski Park Narodowy) is a national park in southern Poland. It is located in the Krakow poviat of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, about 16 km north of Krakow, on the Krakow-Czestochowa Upland. It was created on January 14, 1956.

Polesie (Polish: Poleski Park Narodowy) is a national park in eastern Poland, in the Lublin Voivodeship, in the historical region of Polissya. The park was formed in 1990 with an area of ​​48.13 km². At present, the area of ​​the park is 97.62 km², of which 47.8 km² is occupied by forests;

Rostochansky (Polish: Roztoczański Park Narodowy) is a national park in southeastern Poland, in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The headquarters of the park is located in the city of Zwierzyniec. The park was founded in 1974 with an original area of ​​48.01 km².

Świętokrzyski National Park (Polish: Świętokrzyski Park Narodowy) is one of 23 national parks in Poland. It is located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The park is located in the central part of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains and includes the Lysogory mountain system with the Lysica peak

The Tatra National Park (Polish: Tatrzański Park Narodowy) is a national park in southern Poland, on the border with Slovakia. Together with the national park of the same name in Slovakia, it forms a single protected natural area.

Uysce Warty (Polish: Park Narodowy Ujście Warty) is one of 23 national parks in Poland. It was created on June 19, 2001, which makes it the youngest park in the country. Located in the Lubuskie Voivodeship, in the lower reaches of the Warta River, not far from its confluence with the Odra, which is the Polish-German border.

When Poland actively began preparations for joining the EU, it turned out that one of the conditions for this entry was the adoption and state guarantee for a serious pan-European program "Nature-2000". A common Polish ecological system was created. Under its implementation, the EU began to allocate funds. The program recognizes the need to preserve and maintain nature for the sake of its integrity, and not for the purposes of its use by man. The adoption of this program made it possible to remove protected lands from the jurisdiction of local authorities and recognize them as a national treasure with a ban on carrying out any activities on them. economic activity apart from the creation of tourism infrastructure.

The entire nature protection fund of Poland already makes up more than 32% of its territory, and the area of ​​national parks - 1%.

The country's ecosystem includes 23 national parks, and there is a project to create three more. 8 parks are registered as a UNESCO heritage, and Belovezhye is declared as an object world heritage. Its vital activity and safety is provided by two countries: Poland and Belarus.

The distinction of the entire state ecosystem of national parks is that it includes virgin forests of the plains and swampy lowlands, sand dunes and highlands. The vital activity of six high-mountain parks on the southern border of Poland is provided jointly with the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The surface of the national parks of Poland is divided into areas that differ in the method of nature conservation. There are areas of strict, active and landscape protection. The adjacent territories to the national park are considered the buffer zone of the national park. There may be areas in this zone where hunting is prohibited. National parks are open to the public, however, special areas, routes, roads and trails are allocated for the flow of tourists. Until April 30, 2004, the parks were controlled National Management. On May 1, 2004, these responsibilities were transferred to the Ministry of the Environment (Department of Forestry, Nature Conservation and Landscape), and from January 19, 2007 to the Independent Department of Nature-2000 Territories and National Parks. Numerous research programs are carried out in Polish national parks. Parks play an important role in environmental education society. The territories of national parks can be viewed, studied, they are also open for tourism, which ensures good development tourism infrastructure. Many parks have special routes and educational centers as well as natural history museums.

	Name of the National Park	Year of creation	Symbol	Territory (km2)	Location	Notes
1.	Babiogórski Park Narodowy (Babiogórski National Park)	1954		33,91	Zavoya	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
2.	Bialowieski Park Narodowy (Belovezhsky National Park)	1932		105,17	Bialovezha	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, included in the List of World Cultural and Natural Heritage
3.	Biebrzański Park Narodowy (Biebrza National Park)	1993		592,23	Osovets-Tverdza
4.	Bieszczadzki Park Narodowy (Bieszczady National Park)	1973		292,01	Ustshiki Gurne	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
5.	Park Narodowy Bory Tucholskie (Bory-Tucholskie National Park)	1996		47,98	Khazhikovs	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
6.	Drawieński Park Narodowy (Dravenski National Park)	1990		113,42	Dravno
7.	Gorczanski Park Narodowy (Gorczanski National Park)	1981		70,31	Poręba Velka
8.	Park Narodowy Gór Stolowych (Table Mountains National Park)	1993		63,40	Kudowa-Zdrój
9.	Kampinoski Park Narodowy (Kampinoski National Park)	1959		385,49	Isabelle	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
10.	Karkonoski Park Narodowy (Karkonosze National Park)	1959		55,81	Elena Gora	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
11.	Magurski Park Narodowy (Magurski National Park)	1995		194,39	Krempna
12.	Narwianski Park Narodowy (Narwian National Park)	1996		73,50	Kurovo
13.	Ojcowski Park Narodowy (Ojcowski National Park)	1956		21,46	Oyzow
14.	Pieniński Park Narodowy (Pieninski National Park)	1932		23,46	Koscielisko over the Danube
15.	Poleski Park Narodowy (Polesye National Park)	1990		97,62	Urshulin	UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
16.	Roztoczański Park Narodowy	1974		84,83	Zwierzyniec
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The natural heritage of Poland is its natural landscapes. Poland is one of the few European countries, which has a variety of territories and landscapes almost untouched by man.

The National Park System of Poland consists of 23 parks. Previously, they were subordinate Polish National Parks Authority (Polish Krajowy Zarząd Parków Narodowych), however, in 2004 they were transferred Ministry of Environmental Protection. Most national parks are divided into more and less strictly protected areas; in addition, they are surrounded by conservation areas with a lower status.

In 23 Polish national parks, covering an area of ​​300 thousand hectares, you can see a rich animal and vegetable world, unique swamps, huge old forests, seaside dunes and herds of the largest animals in Europe - bison. Of particular value are the territories located in the north-eastern part of the country (“Green lungs of Poland”), and the territory of Subcarpathia, where the sight of wild animals does not surprise anyone.

Eight national parks: Babiegorsky, Belovezhsky, Bieschadsky, Kampinosky, Karkonoshsky, Polessky, Slovinsky and Tatra are included in the UNESCO List of World Biosphere Reserves, and Belovezhskaya Pushcha - in the List of World Heritage Sites.

In addition to national parks, the country has several hundred less large nature reserves and reserves. In addition, protective measures concern thousands more natural objects - individual trees (these include, for example, thousand-year-old oaks), alleys, rocks, grottoes and caves, glacial boulders with a circumference of more than 10 m, etc. Together National parks, nature reserves and individual protected objects occupy approximately 0.5% of the entire territory of the country.
Polish national parks are not just magnificent nature, but also a variety of cultural events that take place on the territory of almost each of them.

List of national parks in Poland (year of obtaining the status):

1. Babiegorsky National Park (Polish Babiogorski Park Narodowy) 1955
2. Bebrzhany National Park (Polish Biebrzański Park Narodowy) 1993
3. Bieszczady National Park(Polish Bieszczadzki Park Narodowy) 1973
4. Belovezhsky National Park (Polish Białowieski Park Narodowy) 1947
5. Greater Poland National Park(Polish Wielkopolski Park Narodowy) 1957
6. Vigersky National Park (Polish Wigierski Park Narodowy) 1989
7. Volinsky National Park (Polish Wolinski Park Narodowy) 1960
8. Gorchansky National Park (Polish Gorczański Park Narodowy) 1981
9. Draven National Park (Polish Drawieński Park Narodowy) 1990
10. Kampinos National Park (Polish Kampinoski Park Narodowy) 1959
11. Karkonosze National Park (Polish Karkonoski Park Narodowy) 1959
12. Magura National Park (Polish Magurski Park Narodowy) 1995
13. Table Mountains National Park (Polish Park Narodowy Gor Stołowych) 1993
14. National Park "Bory Tucholskie" (Polish Park Narodowy Bory Tucholskie) 1996
15. National Park "Mouth of Warta" (Polish Park Narodowy Ujście Warty) 2001
16. Narva National Park (Polish Narwianski Park Narodowy) 1996