Appliance repair business. Household appliance repair shop business plan

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Features of work

Before implementing this business idea, you need to evaluate all the pros and cons of the chosen direction, as well as objectively analyze your capabilities. There are certain subtleties here:

Only a person who is well versed in the nuances of the operation of most electrical appliances can be engaged in the repair of equipment. Therefore, first you need to learn how to repair at least some devices in order to be able to provide services of a narrow specialization. The versatility of the master is the key to the rapid expansion of the client base.
Modern technology differs in that the fashion for it is rapidly changing. It makes no sense to repair most of the devices, since spare parts for them are not produced by manufacturers or are too expensive.
In order to save initial investment, you can start working on a call to your home. This gives a chance to develop the business gradually, purchasing equipment and renting premises only when the first profit from the activity arrives.
In some cities, it makes sense to open several collection points at once, which will significantly increase the number of orders.
In this area, there is high competition between workshops. In addition, warranty and post-warranty service is offered by the manufacturing companies themselves, cooperating with stores or having their own service centres. Therefore, in order to break through, you need to correctly think over the entire development strategy.

Speaking of where to start entrepreneurial activity, then it is better to carefully analyze the market. To do this, evaluate competitors, prices, services offered, consumer demand and their ability to pay.

Sometimes it makes sense to establish cooperation with similar firms, occupying adjacent narrow areas and mutually beneficially exchanging clients. For example, a workshop that specializes in refrigerators may recommend a service professional washing machines without prejudice to their activities.

Business Format

A household appliance repair shop can look different - from a small room where only small devices are accepted, mainly telephones, TVs, kettles, to a reputable company where they service large refrigerators, washing machines, boilers, etc.

It is also worth deciding on what the concept of your institution is. There are two main options:

You act as an independent company, repairing any equipment of all well-known manufacturers.
Are official representative for warranty and post-warranty service of a certain brand and for products of other brands. Franchises often work according to this principle, where the business owner is forced to obey corporate rules. But it is possible to cooperate in this way and being a more independent unit.

In the first case, you yourself will have to earn a name and reputation in the market, but you yourself decide in which direction to move and what policy to use for development. The second option often turns out to be too expensive and unprofitable for a beginner, although it offers famous brand and a specific audience of customers.

Each case has its pros and cons. You only need to decide whether it will be profitable or not to cooperate with any firm or it is better to give preference to lesser fame, but significantly expand the circle of potential customers through service different equipment.

Registration questions

If you carry out repairs with your own hands and offer services only to private clients, then it is enough to issue an IP (individual entrepreneurship). But in the case of a prospect for expansion and the appearance of clients in the form of organizations, it is still better to open an LLC (legal entity).

The taxation regime is more often chosen by UTII, in which it is enough to pay a fixed rate. Although at high costs for spare parts and various equipment, replenishment of tools, it makes sense to give preference to the simplified tax system, according to which deductions will depend on the difference between the income and expenses of the company.

Be sure to enter the correct OKVED code. In this case, 52.72 is suitable, which refers to the repair of household products. note that individual entrepreneur, especially when doing work at the client's home, it is allowed not to have a cash register. True, in this case, you will have to keep strict records on special forms, which are also registered in tax office.

Activities for the repair of household appliances do not require unnecessary checks of the SES and other bodies. True, when arranging the workshop, you still have to go through the control of the State Inspectorate, which will check the presence of a fire alarm, a fire extinguisher, an emergency exit and the safety of electrical wiring.

License for similar work also not needed. But some firms decide on voluntary certification, thanks to which they can perform technical expertise. Also, this move helps to significantly increase the trust of customers and raise the reputation of specialists by new level.

Room selection

If we talk about the place where the workshop will be located, then there are several options:

City center - although the rent will be high, but the convenience of the location will provide a large flow of customers.
Sleeping area - you can significantly save on the monthly fee for the premises, as well as avoid high competition.
Post to different parts cities are points for receiving equipment, and the repair itself is carried out somewhere in a more convenient and cheaper building.
Perform work at the client's home without renting a separate office.

If you are going to win the trust of a potential audience, as well as offer maintenance services for a wide variety of equipment, then it makes sense to rent a room of 20-70 sq. m. It should be convenient to place a reception point, an office for the master, utility rooms. Keep in mind that the larger items you repair, the more space you need to store them.

Necessary equipment

A household appliance repair business can be organized with minimum investment. To do this, it is enough to buy a simple set of tools and inexpensive diagnostic devices. But to create a serious workshop where a variety of household appliances are serviced, you will have to worry about the availability of special equipment:

oscilloscope;
soldering irons;
testers;
hand tools (screwdrivers, wrenches);
ampervoltmeter;
spectrum analysis;
frequency meter;
hot air soldering station;
digital multimeter;
power unit;
consumables - lubricants, sealants, gaskets, rubber bands, etc.

To equip the premises, you will have to purchase some furniture, a comfortable table for the master, shelves and racks for storing spare parts and tools. If you accept oversized equipment for repair, then you will definitely need freight transport for its transportation. It is enough to purchase an inexpensive GAZelle model, which has a good capacity and cheap maintenance.

Please note that the speed of repair depends largely on the ability to obtain the required parts from direct suppliers. Therefore, make sure that the most popular parts are always in your warehouse or arrive at short term after order. At the same time, pay attention to their quality and originality, otherwise you will not be able to provide a guarantee to the client.

Sometimes it makes sense to purchase obsolete refrigerators, washing machines and other appliances, as some customers will want to repair similar products, and it will not be possible to find old parts on the market. Build your own range of available parts to get the job done no one else can.

Is staff needed?

If you decide to open a repair shop and deal with all issues yourself, then this will significantly save start-up costs. But over time, as the company grows, you will have to hire assistants:

Masters - the more there are, the faster you can serve customers and take an unlimited number of orders.
A dispatcher is needed when calls are received much more often than the owner manages to receive them personally.
Accountant - can be incoming or perform work in outsourcing mode.
Driver and loader - to deliver equipment from customers to the workshop and back.

When selecting professional masters, pay attention to their skills, abilities, versatility. Sometimes it makes sense to hire a less experienced person and teach him all the subtleties. This will help you save on wages and also you will be confident in the skills of a specialist.

The higher the competition in the city, the more important it is to pay attention to the marketing strategy. Inform the population about the services provided, promotions, the quality of work by all accessible ways:

hand out business cards
install a prominent sign above the entrance to the workshop;
place ads in print media, at entrances in the nearest area, at bus stops, on buses, etc.;
create your own website, which contains a list of basic services, an address and telephone number for communication, as well as reviews of satisfied customers;
use the Internet to promote and form a good company image;
it makes sense to establish cooperation with household appliances stores or various similar workshops that differ in a different specialization;
place the company phone on your own transport (personal and cargo from the company).

It also makes sense to get several large customers in the form of organizations, receiving regular orders from them for the maintenance of equipment. And remember that the most successful advertising is word of mouth. If your customers leave satisfied, they will definitely recommend your workshop to all their friends and acquaintances. Therefore, always try to do the work efficiently and quickly.

Here you can download for free as a sample.

Financial component

The overall profitability of the project is estimated at only 6-10%, which can scare away start-up entrepreneurs. But it should be understood that even with a slow return on investment, the profit promises to be stable.

Much also depends on what capital investments were at the start. After all, sometimes craftsmen start their business with minimal costs and buy more equipment or tools only when the income covers the monthly needs.

When drawing up a business plan most money to spend on the purchase of equipment:

	*Name*	*Price, in rubles*
1	ampervoltmeter	800
2	Spectrum Analysis	28 000
3	Frequency meter	15 000
4	Standard set of tools	3 000
5	Master's table	3 000
6	Office furniture	16 000
7	Freight car	80 000
8	Hot air soldering station	6 000
9	Digital multimeter	5 000
10	Power Supply	3 000
	Total:	159 800

To these costs, you will have to add another small amount for paperwork, and also keep in mind that you need to pay monthly utility bills, labor of hired craftsmen, taxes, etc.

If we talk about the profitability and payback of the project, then it largely depends on the number of clients served, the complexity of the tasks, the established rates and other factors. For example, for a home visit, you can take an additional 500 rubles, and evaluate the repair itself depending on the size of household appliances:

Overall - 8,000 rubles each.
Medium - 3,000.
Small - no more than 1,500 rubles.

When providing additional services, for example, from the sale of spare parts, you can count on other sources of profit. But in general, with the cost of a minimum set of equipment, it will not be possible to recoup the initial investment earlier than in 1-2 years.

Video: repair of household appliances at home or in the workshop.

Choose a business concept. All subsequent steps depend on this. Modern home appliance repair companies are divided into two types:

Monobrand - these are service centers of a certain manufacturer of household appliances. Here there is an additional division into types - they are completely dependent on the manufacturer, relatively independent and work on an equal partnership basis.
Multi-brand - perform maintenance and repair of household appliances, mobile phones and computers of any brands.

The second type is preferable, because this is how you expand the target audience. But newcomers often start under the wing of a popular brand, which significantly reduces the risks and does not require significant initial investment in artisan advertising. The choice also depends on the qualifications of your craftsmen, the characteristics of the city and consumer demand.

Main risks

High-quality and prompt repair of household appliances is in constant demand. In times of crisis, when consumers are forced to abandon expensive purchases, the need for this service increases. The main risks are associated with subjective factors - low qualification and irresponsibility of employees, lack of a clear and thoughtful business plan.

The competition in this area is very high. Not only officially operating firms and service centers of manufacturers are engaged in the repair of household appliances. A lot of masters work informally at home. You must offer customers quality and available services, to find a reasonable balance between these factors in order to obtain a decent profit.

It is important to correctly calculate your financial capabilities, because adequate diagnostics of breakdowns requires modern equipment. Much depends on the quality of the parts - finding reliable suppliers offering reasonable prices is also important point.

Location

Enough room to work with total area 80 m² divided into a reception area and rooms for craftsmen to work. If you are planning to work in a small locality, you can rent a room as close as possible to the center - price square meter here is low.

AT major cities With high competition and the cost of rent, the beginner will have to look for compromise options. Pay attention to the new sleeping areas. The population density in them is quite high, and the infrastructure has not yet been established. A great option is a workshop in an area with low rental costs and several collection points scattered around the city. Payroll costs will rise, but you will gain a significant advantage by offering your services to the widest possible range of potential clients.

Beginners use another option. One large workshop is located in a densely populated residential area with a low cost of rent. The firm offers services at the client's home. The master leaves, carries out diagnostics and, if necessary, takes household appliances for repair to the workshop.

Equipment

In the absence of a large start-up capital many workshops start with minimum set- oscilloscope, tester, soldering iron and hand tools. But for high-quality and prompt customer service, it is necessary to assemble a decent set of professional equipment:

Spectrum analyzer - about 40,000 rubles.
- Ammeter voltmeter - about 6,000 rubles.
- Frequency meter - quality models are offered at a price of 300,000 rubles.
- A professional set of tools and accessories - about 200,000 rubles.

For prompt customer service, it is necessary to equip the warehouse with at least a minimum set of the most popular spare parts. Ideally, for this you need to prepare about 1,000,000 rubles. it large sum, not all beginners have the opportunity to purchase everything they need right away. Experienced entrepreneurs advise finding a reliable supplier with a wide range of quality parts that ensures fast delivery. But you must invest part of the profits in the purchase of the most sought-after spare parts and form your own warehouse.

You will also need comfortable furniture for the work of craftsmen, good lighting, modern ventilation. The workshop is also equipped with shelves for storing parts and household appliances awaiting repair or shipment to the client. This article of start-up costs will pull another 200,000-300,000 rubles.

Availability of transport for the delivery of orders is required. The best choice a Gazelle pickup truck, a used car in good condition, can be bought for 120,000 rubles.

Personnel

The most important employees for this business are skilled craftsmen. You can't skimp on their wages. The best system payment - a fixed rate + a percentage of revenue, which depends on the volume of completed orders by each employee. Initially, you can hire two masters, as the number of orders increases, you can expand the staff.

First initial stage organizational issues, finding new customers and quality control can be handled by the business owner. But over time, it is desirable to hire a chief master and deal with business expansion issues.

Doing financial reporting must be entrusted to an experienced accountant. The specifics of the work of the workshop is such that it will not be possible to outsource this site.

Documents and licenses

A household appliance repair shop can operate as an individual entrepreneur and choose a UTII taxation system. But if you plan to work with legal entities, it is better to choose USN. Registration of a company takes five working days, the state fee costs 800 rubles. There are no special requirements from SES. The control of fire supervision in this area is stricter. Find out these requirements in advance, they include the reliability of wiring, ventilation and many other nuances that must be taken into account even while searching for a room and carrying out repair work.

The specifics of the work of a workshop for the repair of household appliances, associated with frequent visits to customers' homes, involves the use of strict reporting forms. They must be registered with the tax office.

Profitability

The minimum initial investment for opening a full-fledged workshop is about 6,000,000 rubles. In the first months of work, the profitability of the company will not exceed 10%. Many workshops work only to cover running costs and purchase necessary equipment 1-2 years. But with the right approach to pricing and high level service, you can gradually increase the profitability of your business. This direction belongs to low-margin, but stable.

Marketing

Workshop advertising should be very active. Use whatever methods are available. Your sign should be visible from afar and catch the eye of passers-by. Be sure to place a phone number on outdoor advertising - it should be simple and easy to remember. If a person breaks down a household appliance, he will remember you and call.

Competent pricing policy is one of the most important factors. Offer customers free diagnostics. You can immediately include the cost of the work of a troubleshooting wizard in the cost of repairs. But the presence of a free service always attracts customers.

The company's website and active efforts to promote it in modern city is a necessity. Provide an opportunity to call the master and describe the essence of the breakdown online. Many people are looking for a master on the Internet and choose a company whose website they saw among the first positions. Traditional ads, business cards, advertising in local media also give a good result. It is worth thinking about buying up old models of household appliances. This will create a warehouse of rare parts. Household appliances quickly become obsolete. Manufacturers offer new models, and in just a few years it is very difficult to find spare parts for the old one.

Summary

Repair of household appliances - not the most profitable business. But it is in stable demand.

The opening of the case begins with the search for premises for the organization of the workshop. Some entrepreneurs at first do without premises, simply coordinating the work of craftsmen and actively advertising services. But the need for an office is difficult to overestimate, since its presence can be used to judge the solidity of the company. Most large household appliances are repaired at home, on call of the master. It is very inconvenient for customers to carry such equipment to the master. But with small household appliances the opposite is true: microwave ovens, irons, electric kettles and coffee makers are taken by people to the workshop themselves.

If you do not want to lose customers, you will have to rent a room. Your office is needed not only as a reception of broken equipment, but also as a warehouse. Large areas are not required here: it is enough to rent from 30 to 50 square meters. m. On such an area you can place several jobs, a warehouse and, if necessary, a small sales department.

Location also does not play a key role. Well if it will central part cities, but rent in such places is high. You can also stay in a residential area of the city, even in the basement of a multi-storey building or office building. The main thing is that the building should have convenient access roads and parking.

How much does the business bring

The income of the business depends on a number of factors, including the specialization of the company, the size of the client base, and the universality of services. Most serious organizations undertake the repair of household appliances: refrigerators and washing machines, electric stoves and air conditioners, dishwashers and vacuum cleaners, sewing machines and small household appliances (irons, electric kettles, coffee makers, juicers, mixers). This approach to business allows you to receive several orders daily, especially if the company operates in a large city.

Most often they turn to repair washing machines. This technique, which many people work on a daily basis, but remains without due attention and care. Hence the frequent breakdowns and failures. These words are confirmed by the statistics of Yandex search queries, according to which the phrase “washing machine repair” is searched up to 140 thousand times a month:

At the same time, many at first try to repair the equipment themselves, but, realizing the hopelessness of the situation, they still call the master to the house.

In second place in need of repair is the refrigerator, the most required view home appliances. Up to 90 thousand requests per month are interested in repairing refrigerators on the Internet, of which 2.6 thousand requests fall on the share of Moscow, and 2.1 thousand requests fall on the share of St. Petersburg:

“You should not take on cheap household appliances, just waste your time,” the entrepreneurs say. “It will not work to take more than 50% of the cost of equipment: it is easier for the client to buy a new model.”

Decent money brings only the repair of expensive household appliances, such as coffee machines. Such equipment is far from poor people. Also, coffee machines are found in most reputable offices. People who consume coffee in large quantities are ready to pay extra for urgent repairs of the machine, if only it would be repaired as soon as possible. There are not many clients, but a significant income is obtained from each service - from 3,000 rubles.

But the main problem for craftsmen is not the lack of orders, but the search for spare parts for household appliances. This applies not only to coffee machines, but also to other imported household appliances: refrigerators, televisions, microwave ovens. There are many models produced, every year the equipment changes, the factories only manage to produce something new. Chinese manufacturers, for the most part, are not interested in servicing old models: it is more profitable for them to sell a new one.

The situation is aggravated by the fact that many require urgent repairs. Order spare part it is possible, but not every client is ready to wait for it.

The case of the master is afraid

The main difficulty in organizing a business is not at all finding premises or advertising services. Start with a search experienced craftsmen and with the creation of a serious team of workers. After all, we need not just good craftsmen, but real professionals in their field, who, after receiving technical education did not stop and continued self-education. Technological progress does not stand still, technology is constantly being improved, and if you stop learning, there is a risk of losing all acquired skills.

Recruiting staff is not easy, and for the reason that 90% of all craftsmen work for themselves. Especially if the master is experienced. The rest of the masters are either already working for another company, or have just completed their studies and are deciding what to do next.

To make the master work for you, you need to offer him such conditions that will allow him to earn more by working for you, and not for himself. For example, to provide him with comfortable premises, equipment, regular supplies of spare parts and, most importantly, regular orders. Often, single craftsmen do not have time to advertise their business, look for spare parts, etc., as they are busy with repairs. Some do not even know how to organize themselves. Therefore, it is much more comfortable for such people to work in a team.

Advertising and more advertising

It is important in the business and the promotion of their services. You must be represented in all possible advertising channels: in the media, on the Internet, on bulletin boards, in newspapers and magazines. Advertising on TV is expensive, so the Internet is more suitable for repair companies, as people are increasingly starting to use search engines to find goods and services. Because your site can be perfect calling card firms. This is especially true for major cities where you can't do without your own website. In small towns, the need for a website is only a status one, confirming the solidity of the company.

Cooperation with small household appliances stores that do not have their own service center can also bring some benefits.

Word of mouth is considered to be the most effective advertising channel. A person whose household appliances have broken, first of all, turns to acquaintances and friends, wondering if they have had a similar misfortune and what kind of master they should call. If you have once provided a quality service to a client, then he will definitely recommend you to his acquaintances and friends. In this case, the longer and more successfully the company operates, the more regular customers it has and the stronger the effect of word of mouth.

Entrance ticket

How much does it cost to open an appliance repair business:

Deposit for renting a room for 2 months. (40 sq. m.) - 40 thousand rubles;
Cosmetic repairs - 50 thousand rubles;
Purchase of furniture and tools - 100 thousand rubles;
Office equipment (computer, printer, telephone / fax) - 100 thousand rubles;
Registration of the case and other expenses - 50 thousand rubles;
Website development and advertising - 100 thousand rubles;
Reserve fund - 150 thousand rubles.

Total - 490 thousand rubles

A business based on the repair of digital equipment, and mainly computers, laptops and phones, is not only profitable, but also surprisingly tenacious. Given how tightly digital technology has become part of our lives, you will not have to complain about the lack of customers. Let's take a closer look at this business.

Significance of this business

A very small starting amount makes this enterprise very interesting for start-up entrepreneurs. As practice shows, in order to open your workshop, you will need, on average, about $ 2,000.

The second positive point is pricing flexibility. In other words, the prices for such services are not regulated by anyone and directly depend on your opinion and your skills.

An important point is the minimum risks in this case. If you fail to develop your business, you can always wind it up. In this case, the losses will be minimal.

And of course, the positive aspect is the ever-growing demand for such services.

What will you need?

In fact, very little is required from you. To get started, you need to register your business in legal form. Here the option with an individual entrepreneur is suitable and this will be quite enough to gain a foothold in a certain niche, develop a good client base and further develop your business.

Basically, your business is ready.

You can do the work right at home, however, as practice shows, having your own outlet will significantly increase the flow of customers.

You do not need to rent a large room at all. A basement is quite suitable, small enough to accommodate a desktop, and there may be a rack for storing parts and orders.

Naturally, another important point in the operation of such a business is your professional skills. If you know how to fix electronics and can quickly determine the cause of a breakdown, you will quickly develop your business.

Where to start development?

At the first stage, you will not a large number customers, because they simply will not know about you. You can declare yourself in a very ordinary way - ads on the Internet. bulletin boards, social networks, thematic forums, all this has one common feature- potential clients.

Since you may simply not have the funds for your workshop at the initial stage, you can start your career by visiting a client at home. Block repair, diagnostics, software- here are your main services at the initial stage.

After gaining a client base and earning the first money, you can expand, specifically in terms of opening your outlet.

Suppliers

In the process of work, you will need both parts and consumables (solder, hot melt adhesive, thermal paste, etc.). So that there are no delays in business, you should take care in advance to find suitable suppliers. You shouldn't have any problems.

Business expansion option

Many believe that by opening a second point and hiring a person, you can earn twice as much. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. You should expand if you feel the real limit of your capabilities. At the same time, practice shows that opening a point at the other end of the city in the desire to distribute the load may simply not justify itself. Much better to expand the only workshop, hire another master, add services. For example, you can go to the client on order to set up routers, cable TV, and install software.

How quickly will the costs pay off

Service center for the repair of electronics and digital equipment in the presence of demand in your area, and the demand is almost everywhere, you can recoup the initial costs in three months. The thing is that more than half of the repair cases will cost you nothing. That is, frequent breakdowns are not technical, but software in nature, and you will only need to restore the system. In addition, many technical breakdowns require the replacement of parts, the cost of which is at the expense of the client. And only about 10% of breakdowns require serious repairs using time-consuming consumables.