Altyn Solok State Nature Reserve. Oopt of Russia

Altyn-Solok was founded in 1997. The main habitat of the wild bee, in addition to insects, rare and endangered species of plants and animals are protected. There are five objects of cultural and historical significance in the reserve: a three-kilometer protected zone of the Shulgan-tash (Kapovoy) cave, Mount Masim - the highest point of the Burzyansky district.

There is a threat of destruction of the reserve. On its territory there is an explored Kuzhinsky deposit of barite-polymetallic ores. At the request of MPO Bentonite LLC, the Kuzhinskaya Ploshchad object was included in the draft List of subsoil plots in the Republic of Bashkortostan for use in 2008.

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An excerpt characterizing Altyn-Solok

A sanctuary is a piece of territory where one of the components of a natural complex is protected, for example valuable plants or animals, lakes, minerals, etc. There are 29 registered reserves in Bashkiria. Here is a part of them.

"Altyn-Solok" - the state natural zoological (entomological) reserve, the largest in the republic. It is located on the mountainous territory of the upper reaches of the river. Nugush and the Belsko-Nugush interfluve with the most elevated central part(Mount Masim, 1040 m). The eastern border of the reserve runs 8 km west of the village. Starosubkhangulovo. It preserves the gene pool of both the native population of the honey bee and other bee species, as well as other protected species. rare species animals and plants. Ensures the sustainable existence of the native population of honey bees in conditions wild habitat, onboard and apiary beekeeping. The territory is part of the Key Bird Area (IBA) of international importance "Belsko-Nugush interfluve".

Asebar - state natural zoological reserve, located in the basin of the river Beterya - a tributary of the river. Agidel (Belaya), 5 km southeast of the village of Novousmanovo, Burzyansky district.

Capercaillie and black grouse are protected in the reserve, many rare species of animals live: taimen, brook trout, spotted eagle, imperial eagle, golden eagle, gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, short-toed eagle, eagle owl, common honey buzzard, garden dormouse, maral, etc. The flora of the reserve is also rich - noted 30 rare plant species, incl. feathery feather grass, beautiful feather grass, bulbous calypso, red pollenhead, real lady's slipper, etc.

Elanovsky - state natural zoological reserve

The central object is the floodplain lake B. Yelan in the Dyurtyulinsky district of the republic, surrounded by thickets of linden, willow, buckthorn, elm, and sedge. There are a lot of blackberries, wild roses, alders, buckthorns in Ureme, white svidina was found. Many species of birds and animals live in the reserve: elk, wild boar, roe deer, marten, mink, weasels, badgers, foxes, hares, etc. Nesting of mute and whooper swans, gray goose, gray heron, cranes, colonies of gulls has been noted. Until 1960, the Russian muskrat, brought from Tatarstan, lived here in significant numbers. Currently, traces of its habitation are recorded in hard-to-reach areas of overgrown lakes. Of the other rare species, pond frog, greater spotted eagle, golden eagle, oystercatcher, curlew, bittern, whooper swan, mute swan, scoter, gray goose, big jerboa, otter.

Iksky - state zoological reserve in the eastern part of the Kugarchinsky district, between the rivers Big and Small Ik. A complex of hunting and commercial species of animals (elk, wild boar, roe deer, bear, lynx, badger, marten, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, woodcock, etc.) is protected in the reserve. Among the rare species of animals noted are the golden eagle, imperial eagle, greater spotted eagle, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, eagle owl, gray owl, roller, gray shrike, etc.

Ural-Tau - state natural landscape reserve. This is where the river starts. Belaya (Agidel) and its right upper tributaries - the Tygyn and Avnyar rivers, tributaries of the river. Yuryuzan - Tyulyuk and Ai rivers. To the east, from the Uraltau ridge, the river begins. Ural. All of them are the main objects of protection. Almost the entire territory of the reserve is covered with forests: mixed pine-birch, birch, less often larch and spruce fir. A reserve was organized in the Uchalinsky district of Bashkiria, in the upper reaches of the Belaya and Ural rivers.

Shaitan-Tau - state natural zoological reserve in the Khaibullinsky district. The natural complex of the reserve includes the Shaitantau mountain range, covered with oak forest-steppe, crossed by the river. Sakmara. The reserve protects species of hunting and fishing fauna and rare species of animals and plants: steppe stag, stag beetle, grayling, golden eagle, imperial eagle, steppe eagle, saker falcon, marmot, common flying squirrel, steppe pika, etc.

Kungak - state natural zoological reserve located on the bend of the river. White, envelope hr. Kungak, whose northern border is located 5 km southeast of the city of Meleuz. In addition to hunting and fishing - elk, wild boar, badger, marten, mink, fox, beaver, muskrat, black grouse, woodcock, mallard, teal, rare species of animals and fish were noted: grayling, common sculpin, imperial eagle, white-tailed eagle, eagle owl, bog turtle, steppe viper, large jerboa, etc. The diverse flora also includes a number of rare plant species, incl. feather grass, Zalessky's feather grass, Russian hazel grouse, Litvinov's rank, low iris, Helm's astragalus, silver-leaved kopeck. On the territory of the reserve "Kungak" d.b.s. M.G. Migranov in 1990 captured and identified as a new species of Lepidoptera for science - Butlerov's Raspberry (Callophrys butlerovi Migranov).

Ishimbaysky - state natural zoological reserve. Elk, wild boar, roe deer, bear, fox, lynx, badger, marten, American mink, steppe polecat, weasel, weasel, river beaver, hares, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, woodcock, waterfowl are subject to protection here.

In total, about 60 species of mammals live in the lands of the reserve, of which 55 species are hunting animals, as well as over 190 species of birds.

Buninsky forest - state natural landscape reserve in the Belebeevsky forestry, 0.5 km north of the village. Parafeevka, 2 km southeast of the village. Dawn. Organized to protect watershed old-growth pine forests, linden forests and oak forests. The most valuable objects of the reserve are primary relict pine forests. Some of them have the status of a natural monument "Natural pine forests in the Belebeevsky forestry". Rare and endangered species of plants grow on the territory of the reserve: two-eared ephedra, pinnate feather grass, Ural flax, Hippolyta arthropod, Ural capitula, speckled charweed.

The animal population has not been specially studied. In general, the fauna of the reserve is typical for the broad-leaved forests of the Bugulma-Belebeevskaya Upland.

The reserve has scientific, reforestation, resource, reference and water protection significance.

Birsky - state natural zoological reserve. on a section of an undulating plain on the right bank of the Belaya River and part of the crested-hollow floodplain of the right-bank bend of the river, 2.8 km south-south-east of the village. Novoeldyakovo, about 6 km northwest of Birsk. The objects of protection are elk, wild boar and roe deer, beaver, muskrat, American mink live near the reservoirs. Variety of predators.

Full official name of the protected area:

State nature reserve"Altyn Solok"

Installation Information

Name of the property:

Belsko-Nugush interfluve, Bashkir Urals

Date of creation:

Total area of ​​protected areas:

Area of ​​specially protected marine area:

Rationale for the creation of protected areas and its significance:

The reserve was formed to perform the following tasks:

• providing conditions for conservation, sustainable existence and rational use aboriginal population of the Burzyan wild bee (Apis mellifera mellifera L.);
• conservation, reproduction and restoration of the natural complex, providing natural environment habitats and maintenance of the gene pool of the native population of the Burzyan wild bee (Apis mellifera mellifera L.) living in natural and artificial dwellings (hollows, beehives);
• conservation, restoration and reproduction of endangered species of animals and plants;
• conservation, restoration, reproduction of the population and expansion of the range of other species of animals and plants, including rare and in need of protection, as well as species valuable in economic, scientific and cultural terms;
• preservation of historical and ethnographic objects (Masim ridge, Babsan-biya mound, lakes Elkkysykkan and Ygyshma), as well as objects that will be discovered in the course of archaeological and historical and ethnographic research;
• implementation of environmental monitoring and scientific research Burzyan wild bee (Apis mellifera mellifera L.);
• environmental education of the population.

List of main objects of protection:

Central Russian Burzyan bee

Regulatory legal basis functioning of protected areas:

Territorial structure of protected areas

Geographical position:

The reserve is located on the mountainous territory of the upper reaches of the river. Nugush and the Belsko-Nugush interfluve with the most elevated central part (Masim town, 1040 m). The eastern border of the reserve runs 8 km west of the village. Starosubkhangulovo.

Description of borders:

• northern border - from the point of intersection of the administrative border of the municipal district Burzyansky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan with the northeastern corner of block 4 of the Nugush district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry, then along the northern clearings of blocks 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 to the northeast corner of block 9.

• eastern border - from the northeastern corner of quarter 9 of the Nugush district forestry to the south along the eastern clearing of quarter 9 until it intersects with the northwestern corner of quarter 17, then east along the northern clearing of quarter 17 and to the south, further along the eastern clearings of quarters 17 and 28 of the same district forestry until the intersection with the northwestern corner of quarter 42 of the same forestry, then east along the northern clearing of the same quarter and south along its eastern clearing to the northwestern corner of quarter 54 of the same district forestry, then east along the northern clearing of the same quarter and to the south, then along the eastern clearings of quarters 54, 66, 78 of the Nugush district forestry and quarter 5 of the Gadelgareevsky district forestry, then to the east along the northern clearing of quarter 122 of the Belsky district forestry to its northeast corner, then to the south and along the eastern clearings of quarters 122, 133 and 135 of the Belsky district forestry, quarters 19, 30, 37, 45 Gadelgareevs of the district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry, along the southern clearing of quarter 45 to the northeastern corner of quarter 54 of the same district forestry and to the south along the eastern glades of quarters 54, 61, 70 to the intersection of the southeastern corner of quarter 70 with the river. White.

• the southern border - from the southeastern corner of quarter 70 of the Gadelgareevsky district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry along the river. Belaya along the southern borders of blocks 70, 69, 68, then along the southern border of block 67, along the border of block 67 with the protected natural area of ​​local importance "Morat-Tugai", then to the north and along the western clearings of blocks 67, 66, 58, 50 to intersection with the southern clearing of block 40 of the Gadelgareevsky district forestry, then along the southern and western clearings of block 40 to the southeast corner of block 23 of the Gadelgareevsky district forestry, then along the southern clearings of blocks 23 and 22 to the southwestern corner of block 22 of the Gadelgareevsky district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry.

• western border - from the southwestern corner of block 22 of the Gadelgareevsky district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry along the western clearings of blocks 22, 11 to the northwestern corner of block 11, then along the northern clearings of blocks 11, 12, 13 to the northeast corner of block 13, then along the western clearings of quarters 6, 1 to the northwestern corner of quarter 1 of the Gadelgareevsky district forestry, then along the southern and western clearings of quarter 73 of the Nugush district forestry of the Burzyanskoye forestry until the intersection of the western clearing of quarter 73 with the southeast corner of quarter 60, then along the southern borders of quarters 60 , 59 to the northwestern corner of quarter 71 of the Nugush district forestry, then along the western clearing of quarter 71 to the river. Nugush, further along the bank of the river. Nugush along the eastern and southern borders of quarters 83, 82 to the southeast corner of quarter 82, then along the northern, western and southern clearings of quarter 86 to the river. Nugush, along the eastern and southern borders of blocks 88, 87 to the southwestern corner of block 87, then along the western and northern borders of blocks 87, 84, 79, 117, 56, 115, 114, 112, 113, 34, 21, 33, 22, 23, 12, 4 to the northeastern corner of quarter 4 of the Nugush district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry.

Clustering:

Number of plots: 1

Explication of lands

Explication of lands of specially protected territories and objects:

The reserve is located on the lands of the forest fund of the Nugush district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry (in blocks 4 - 7, 9, 12 - 17, 21 - 28, 33 - 42, 46 - 54, 56 - 70, 73 - 85, 87, 88, 112 - 117), Gadelgareevsky district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry (in blocks 1 - 19, 22 - 30, 33 - 37, 40 - 45, 50 - 54, 58 - 61, 66, 67 (with the exception of the protected natural area of ​​local importance "Morat-Tugai "), 68 - 70), Belsky district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry (in quarters 122, 132, 133, 135) and on lands of other categories that are located within these quarters, without exemption from users, owners and owners of land plots (water areas) in in accordance with the law.

Regimes and zoning of protected areas and buffer zones

Prohibited activities and nature use:

The following types of economic activities are prohibited throughout the reserve:

• placement and operation of public and individual apiaries and roaming points with honey bees, the use of fertile and infertile queen bees, bee colonies, packages and swarms imported from outside the municipal district Burzyansky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. At the same time, the creation of new and the development of existing apiaries of all forms of ownership on the basis of aboriginal Burzyan bees are encouraged in every possible way;
• development of mineral deposits, performance of other works related to the use of subsoil, as well as geological development, hydro-reclamation and irrigation works, except for cases of construction, reconstruction and repair of roads, construction of tourism infrastructure facilities and sports facilities and implementation of measures to develop existing settlements;
• extraction of gravel-sand mixtures from quarries, except for cases of construction, reconstruction and repair of roads, construction of sports facilities and tourism infrastructure facilities and implementation of measures to develop existing settlements;
• timber alloy;
• ruin and disturbing the peace of honeybee families living in natural and artificial dwellings - hollows, boards, decks and hives;
• damage and destruction of artificial dwellings of bees - boards and decks, both inhabited and not inhabited by bees;
• clear felling of forest plantations, with the exception of narrow-cutting areas (not more than 50 m wide) in the buffer protection zones of the Shulgan-Tash reserve and in the zone of the custom-made regime of the reserve;
• preparation of resin;
• timber harvesting, with the exception of timber harvesting for municipal and own needs of the population, for the needs of organizations engaged in educational activities, and cultural organizations in agreement with the Directorate;
• plowing of lands, natural meadows and clearings, except for those traditionally used for arable land;
• construction and operation of new livestock farms and summer herds;
• providing land plots for collective gardening and horticulture;
• arrangement of parking lots for vehicles outside specially designated places;
• the use of pesticides, chemical and microbiological plant protection products;
• destruction or damage to barriers, full houses, stands and other information signs and signs, as well as equipped ecological trails and places of rest;
• pollution of the water protection zone with household, agricultural and industrial waste;
• creation of facilities for the disposal of production and consumption waste, radioactive, chemical, explosive, toxic, toxic and poisonous substances;
• commercial, sport hunting, commercial fishing fish (shooting and trapping of animals in scientific purposes, including for the purpose of population control, on the basis of special permits issued by the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Belarus); (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Republic of Belarus dated 20.06.2013 N 263);
• other types of activities entailing a decrease in the ecological value of the given territory or causing harm to the protected objects of the animal and flora and their habitat.

Permitted activities and nature use:

On the territory of the reserve are allowed:

• development of beekeeping, placement and functioning of public and individual apiaries based on the native Burzyansky bee (Apis mellifera mellifera L.) and roaming points with honey bees within the territory of the municipal district Burzyansky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as the export of bee colonies, packages, fetal and infertile bees queens from the given territory;
• haymaking and free collection of non-timber resources (mushrooms, berries, medicinal plants);
• grazing, with the exception of the territory of a special protective area(Mount Masim);
• all types of thinning, as well as narrow-cutting of mature and overmature plantations with a cutting area width of no more than 50 m, with the exception of the territory of a specially protected area (Mount Masim);
• recreational and sport fishing;
• development various kinds tourism and folk crafts, the arrangement of tourist bases, parking lots and camps, the arrangement of tourist routes, other forms of recreation for the population in designated places in agreement with the Directorate;
• research and environmental work in agreement with the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic of Belarus;
• reforestation work in order to improve the species composition of forests, their protective functions and aesthetic value;
• inventory of boards, appraisal of all bee colonies, carrying out activities that weaken the cross-breeding of bees with the participation of specialists from the state nature reserve "Shulgan-Tash";
• measures to restore and prevent changes in natural complexes, to maintain conditions that ensure sanitary and fire safety, as well as to prevent conditions life threatening people and community security;
• procurement of food forest resources;
• harvesting and collection of non-timber forest resources in agreement with the Directorate;
• procurement of medicinal plants in agreement with the Directorate;
• creation of forest plantations and their exploitation on the unforested area in agreement with the Directorate;
• cultivation of forest fruits, berries, ornamental plants, medicinal plants in an area not covered with forest in agreement with the Directorate;
• construction, reconstruction, operation of linear facilities in agreement with the Directorate;
• carrying out religious activities;
• preservation and development of traditional folk craft - beekeeping;
• development various forms tourism;
• other economic activity to improve infrastructure and develop tourism in agreement with the Directorate.

In the buffer protection zone of the Shulgan-Tash State Nature Reserve and the catchment area of ​​the karst system of the Shulgan-Tash (Kapova) cave, the following is prohibited:

• blasting and mining operations without expertise by specialists of the geological and karst profile;
• uprooting of areas for new farmland;
• damage and backfilling of sinkholes;
• the use of heavy caterpillar vehicles and tractors during the snowless period outside technological roads, except for the transport of landowners, environmental protection, fire fighting and other special bodies and services when they perform official activities.

Mount Masim, includes blocks 18 and 19 of the Gadelgareevsky district forestry and quarter 135 of the Belsky district forestry of the Burzyansky forestry

On the territory of the special protection zone (Mount Masim), all types of felling are prohibited, except for care and sanitary felling, the laying of new forest roads, as well as mass grazing.

Natural features of protected areas

natural features PAs:

"Altyn-Solok" is the largest reserve of the republic. Belongs to the least developed territories of the middle mountains of the Southern Urals. In his natural complex broad-leaved European-type oak-maple forests with elm and birch predominate, occupying leveled elevated areas, as well as slopes of various exposures. On the northern slopes along the rivers Nugush and Kuzha, relic dark coniferous-broad-leaved forests with spruce and linden occasionally occur. They form the southern outpost of subtaiga spruce deciduous forests on the Southern Urals. On the territory of the reserve there is a contact of European broad-leaved forests with Siberian pine-birch forests. The steep slopes of the southern exposure are occupied by steppe pine forests with broom, chiliga and cherry, the open southern slopes are fragments of mountain sheep-feather grass and shrub steppes.
The location of the reserve at the junction of landscape areas and the low economic development of the territory contributed to the preservation of a rich animal population here, incl. Burzyanskaya population of honey bees, and wild beekeeping. The presence of surviving beech trees, centers of amateur beekeeping and a good forage base gave rise to the state nature reserve"Shulgan-Tash" to take the initiative to organize here a specialized reserve for the protection of the Burzyan wild bees. But at the same time, the established mode of the reserve allows you to protect other species of its rich fauna and flora, to prevent the emerging transformation of landscapes.
According to preliminary (incomplete) data, more than 22 species of fish, 4 species of amphibians, 7 species of reptiles, 100 species of birds, 47 species of mammals live in the reserve, more than 700 species of higher vascular plants grow.
The sanctuary is of scientific and environmental importance; it preserves the gene pool of both the native population of the honey bee and other bee species, as well as other protected ones, incl. rare species of animals and plants. Ensures the sustainable existence of the native population of honey bees in the conditions of wild habitation, wild-hive and apiary beekeeping. The territory is part of the Key Ornithological Territory (KOTR) of international importance "Belsko-Nugush interfluve".

Sources of information about protected areas:

• Consolidated list of specially protected natural areas Russian Federation(directory). Part II.
  Potapova NA, Nazyrova RI, Zabelina NM, Isaeva-Petrova LS, Korotkov VN, Ochagov DM
  Moscow: VNIIprirody (2006) : 364
• Register of specially protected natural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan
  editor AA Muldashev
  Ufa, Publishing Center "MediaPrint" (second edition) (2010) : 413