Presentation "animals of the southern Urals". Presentation on the topic: Animals of the Southern Urals Download presentation on the topic of animals of the Urals

The Ural conquers the true connoisseurs of beauty with its immense beauty and riches: the purest rivers, crystal lakes, beautiful waterfalls, unexplored caves. Animal world Ural represented by tundra, forest and steppe animals.

The conditions of their life, as well as the territorial distribution entirely depend on the rockiness of the mountains and foothills. The world of fauna in the Urals differs from other regions in a huge variety of game mammals and steppe birds, including bustard, crane, steppe eagle, partridge, horned lark, harrier, belladonna.

Animals of the Urals- these are various representatives of the world of fauna, the description of which can take quite a long time. In the framework of this article, we will consider, perhaps, the most striking animals of this truly beautiful region of our country.

Animals of the Subpolar Urals

Subpolar Ural is the highest part of the famous Ural mountains. Here is their highest point - Mount Narodnaya. At present, the fauna of this region is extremely impoverished. The fact is that after the extinction and extermination of almost all truly large animals, the only large animal here is the reindeer, whose population is also on the verge of extinction.

On the eastern slopes of the Subpolar Urals there are ungulate lemmings, arctic foxes, wolves, partridges, chipmunks, badgers and hare hares. Brown bears also live here - main force fauna not only of this region, but of the whole country. Representatives underwater world- pike, herring, pizhyan, cheese.

arctic fox

Arctic foxes are small relatives of foxes. Their length varies from 45 to 70 cm, and their weight varies from 2 to 8 kg.

These small animals have thick fur dyed in White color. The fur of the polar fox perfectly warms the animal in cold weather. They feed on whatever they find. In times of famine, arctic foxes eat the leftovers of large predatory animals.

Reindeer

You can meet him quite often. The vast majority of these animals are domesticated here. They constitute the main wealth of the local population. If we talk about the wild form reindeer, then these animals of the Subpolar Urals are now almost completely exterminated.

This noble animal owes its existence to many northern peoples planet Earth: the reindeer gives a person both food and a skin for clothes, and is also an excellent means of transportation in the conditions of northern snow-covered impassability.

In length, these animals reach 2 meters. The height of the reindeer at the withers is 1 meter. The wool of the reindeer is thick, long, wavy. It is colored dark brown in domestic individuals and gray in wild ones.

hallmark reindeer - the presence of horns not only in males, but also in females. The hooves of reindeer are wide, which allows them not to fall into the snow. It cannot be said that reindeer are as beautiful as their relatives - red deer. Reindeer have short legs, small tails, and males sometimes have fangs growing on their upper jaws.

It is worth noting that the domesticated reindeer is a very conditional concept. This beast always remains wild: a small oversight of the owner - and the proud domesticated handsome man runs wild again.

Unfortunately, wild reindeer may soon share the fate of musk oxen, wild horses, bison and saigas, which once, together with prehistoric woolly rhinos and well-known mammoths, massively inhabited the local tundra.

Animals of the South Urals

It combines forest, steppe and tundra vegetation zones. Rich world of flora Southern Urals allowed to survive in this area small and rare animals. In particular, it is here that representatives steppe zones: voles, ground squirrels, jerboas, hamsters, steppe marmots.

Animals of the South Urals represented by wolverines, brown bears, squirrels, arctic foxes, sables, hazel grouses, wood grouses, horned larks and even reindeer. It's hard to believe, but the horned representative of the Subpolar Urals migrated to South Region following the movement of vegetation.

Brown bear

These animals are found everywhere here, but, fortunately, it is quite rare to see them. The weight of an adult male varies from 3 to 5 centners. In general, the bear is a common representative of the world of fauna, not only among the animals of the South Urals, but in general among everything. fauna of the Urals.

By the way, the language does not turn to call a bear a predator. The fact is that these hairy heavyweights are omnivores: they eat both meat and fish, as well as honey and wild berries.

In autumn, brown bears gain subcutaneous fat and hibernate. Bears that have not gained fat by autumn and have not fallen asleep for the winter become rods. South Ural brown bears, like other brown bears, build dens on a dry surface - under twisted tree roots.

Sable

Among the animals of this area, one can distinguish the so-called "pearl of the Siberian taiga" - sable. This animal is national pride Russia, since since the time of the Russian Empire it has been the basis of the country's fur wealth. This is a brave and agile predator. In a day, the animal is able to run a huge multi-kilometer distance. He willingly climbs trees, but walks on the ground.

This animal hunts in different ways. He can, like a cat, sit in ambush and watch for a mouse, or he can stubbornly pursue a musk deer through loose snow until it runs out of steam. The main diet of the sable is small rodents. Sable often hunts large birds, fish, squirrels, and even its smaller relatives - ermine and column. The sable also eats cranberries, blueberries, mountain ash, and cedar cones.

Animals of the Middle Urals

Almost the entire territory of the Middle Urals is located in the forest zone. Animals and birds live here, fully adapted to existence in coniferous forests: wolverines, columns, sables, chipmunks, black grouse, capercaillie, hazel grouse. There are no large animals, except for moose. But moose have already been taken under protection due to a decrease in their population.

In the upper mountain belt of the Middle Urals, you can meet wild reindeer, brown bears, martens, lynxes, squirrels, white hares, elk, moles, owls, woodpeckers, bullfinches, tits, and cuckoos live in the taiga. In the taiga forests of the Middle Urals, there are few amphibians and reptiles: grass frogs, common vipers, viviparous lizards.

In the forest-steppe regions of the Middle Urals, one can meet wolves, foxes, ermines, weasels, and hawks. European minks, otters, and water voles live along river banks and in valleys. In the swamps you can meet waterfowl: ducks, wild geese, partridges, waders.

On the western slope of the Middle Urals there are typical representatives deciduous forests: forest polecats, hedgehogs, badgers, European hares, orioles, finches, nightingales, goldfinches, siskins, starlings and rooks. Reptiles and amphibians are represented here by toads, newts and not poisonous snakes.

Lynx

Bright representative animals of the Middle Urals- lynx. This large cat does not exceed the size of an average dog, it is no more than 1 meter in length, and its weight does not exceed 17 kg. According to the observations of Siberian and Ural zoologists, the muzzle of the lynx looks very interesting: hard bulges that frame the pale muzzle, graceful ears with tassels and a haughty look.

Alas, only the muzzle is considered graceful in a lynx. The body of this cat does not cause much admiration: the hind legs are too long, the front legs are too short, the tail is small, as if it had been chopped off. In addition, the lynx has very wide paws. Such an awkward body structure brings great benefits to the lynx: the animal is perfectly adapted not only to everyday, but also to harsh conditions. northern conditions life.

For example, wide paws help this animal to keep perfectly in the snow while chasing the main prey - a hare. The tassels on the ears of the lynx are not just decoration, but some kind of transmitter antenna that helps the cat hear very quiet sounds.

Lynx is true Ural wild animal. AT vivo it is almost impossible to see this cat. The fact is that lynxes are cautious creatures, they hunt either early in the morning or at the end of the day. Lynxes, like tigers, are solitary hunters. The place of hunting is a pre-marked territory.

European Hare and White Hare

Both types of long-eared panties are animals of the Middle Urals. Both hares are brown-gray in summer, and in winter the white hare abruptly changes its gray coat to snow-white. Rusak remains gray-brown all year round. Belyaki, as a rule, - forest dwellers, while the hares are the inhabitants of the steppes and fields.

hare

During the day, the hare sleeps, and at night it goes out in search of food. This long-eared coward eats the bark of trees. His favorite "victims" are young aspen, birch, willow. Belyaki easily move through deep snow. When a hare makes a jump, like a squirrel, it brings its hind legs far forward.

Brown hares are not as adapted to winter as their white relatives. For example, when the first snow falls on the ground, the hare is unable to get to winter, he has to jump to people in gardens and vegetable gardens - to gnaw cabbage stalks. If there are no stumps, hare hares jump at full speed to the haystacks. Often these animals harm young apple trees by gnawing their bark.

white hare

Animals of the Northern Urals

The territory of the Northern Urals covers dense taiga forests, swamps and tall-grass subalpine meadows. Animals of the Northern Urals- these are species characteristic of both European and Siberian forests. In the highlands, typical representatives of arctic species generally live.

In the taiga of the Northern Urals, there are brown bears, hares, foxes, elks, reindeer, lynxes, wolverines, ermines, beavers, black grouses, wood grouses, hazel grouses, ducks, partridges. Also, martens, sables, weasels, crossbreeds of martens and sables - kiduses, otters - have adapted to the difficult conditions of the North Urals. Otter and badger - rare animals of the Urals.

In the taiga forests of the Middle Urals, you can hear the crossbill and nutcracker. Tits here are, perhaps, one of the main representatives of this area. On the tops of the trees you can see proud handsome men - bullfinches and the main orderlies of the taiga forests - woodpeckers.

Animals of this area are also represented by a variety of small rodents. Here you can meet mice, forest voles, baby mice. In the shade of tree trunks, the smallest mammals in the world live - shrews.

Wolverine

This representative of the detachment of predatory animals received the popular name "glutton", "skunk bear", "demon of the north". Wolverines are the most ferocious and powerful hunters of the weasel family. Outwardly, these animals look like small bears with fluffy tails. In length, wolverines do not exceed 1 meter, and weigh no more than 15 kg.

Despite their modest size, these predatory animals are capable of killing a wolf or driving an adult lynx up a tree with just one bite. Wolverine is able to catch up with a reindeer or elk, jump on the back of this animal and stubbornly bite into the scruff of the neck until the huge carcass of the artiodactyl collapses to the ground.

Also, the wolverine's menu is made up of squirrels, hares, foxes. These predators can boast of bloodthirstiness only in winter. In summer, wolverines behave more modestly in the choice of food: they devour carrion, bird eggs, insect larvae, and sometimes, along with brown bears, they regale themselves with nuts, berries and fruits.

Middendorf's vole

This small mammal from the order of rodents can be found in moss swamps in the North Ural tundra. The length of her body is 13 cm, the length of the tail is 3.5 cm. summer period Middendorf's voles eat sedge stems and leaves, and in winter - root parts.

For the winter, they make preparations of rhizomes. Voles, as a rule, build nests in blueberry bushes and in the wilds of carp birches at low altitudes.

Elk

At present, the Urals is unthinkable without a giant from the deer family - the elk. These huge long-legged artiodactyl animals are not often found in the taiga forests of the North Urals. The body length of an adult male is at least 3 meters, and the height at the withers is up to 2.7 meters. These giants weigh from 2.5 to 5.8 centners.

Moose males are easily recognizable by their huge branched horns, which are absent in females. As in ancient times, now they are trying to domesticate moose. In Russia, there are even special elk farms where these artiodactyl giants are bred. And, I must admit, not without success.

These animals look somewhat awkward: their stilted legs visually appear too thin compared to their massive body. The short tail is generally invisible. Moose have huge ears and small eyes. The nose is humpbacked and drooping, on the neck there is a soft leathery outgrowth - an “earring”. Despite such appearance, moose is the largest representative deer family and the undisputed master of forests and swamps.

Animals of the Red Book of the Urals

As such, the Red Book of the Urals does not exist. Each region has its own Red Book. In principle, it is not difficult to create a general list of rare and endangered animal species for the entire Urals as a whole, but it will add little to regional registers, and in order to provide practical assistance, it will still be necessary to focus on local regulations.

Animals of the Red Book of the Urals- this and the bats(water night, mustachioed bat, pond bat, northern leather jacket, etc.), and rodents (flying squirrel, garden dormouse, Djungarian hamster, wood lemming, big jerboa, gray hamster). Let's consider some types in more detail.

hedgehog

This representative of the order of insectivorous animals is listed in the Red Book Sverdlovsk region. These animals eat a lot of insects and slugs, which are dangerous for both forests and garden plots.

An ordinary hedgehog is, perhaps, one of the few animals that let a person approach them at a very close distance. But this happens, by no means, not because the hedgehog is a brave fellow, but because of his poor eyesight. Therefore, hedgehogs prefer to rely on their scent. But their nose often fails: if the wind blows in the opposite direction, these animals are not able to smell the approach of a person or animal to them.

These insectivores hunt at night. On the hunt, the common hedgehog is a dexterous and agile animal. The animal not only exterminates harmful insects, but also not averse to eating poisonous snakes. By the way, the poison of a viper has practically no effect on an ordinary hedgehog.

Despite its spines, the hedgehog cannot boast of full-fledged protection from the enemies that it has in abundance: large owls, eagle owls, hawks, foxes and, of course, a man who did everything so that the population of this insectivore was endangered.

Muskrat

The human factor, namely human greed, is the reason why these animals are on the verge of extinction. When their population was at the proper level, desmans were massively exterminated because of their beautiful and valuable fur. Muskrat breeding for the same purpose contributed to the displacement of desmans from their natural habitats.

steppe cat

This animal in the Red Book of the Orenburg region has been assigned a not too dangerous category No. 3. The prey of the steppe cats are birds and small rodents. winter period As you know, this is a difficult time for the wild animals of the Urals. Steppe cats, for lack of prey, can wander to a person to profit, for example, from chickens.

European mink

According to the Red Book of the Chelyabinsk region, the European mink is listed in category No. 1, and in the Red Book of Bashkortostan this animal appears in category No. 2. It is curious that in the Red Book Perm Territory the European mink is completely absent.

irina vasilyeva
Presentation "Animal world of the Urals"

A special region serving as the border between Europe and Asia is Ural. It shares the western part with the eastern part. Such an imposing boundary no longer exists in nature.

Its length exceeds 2000 km, and its width from north to south is 40-150 km. The highest point of the mountains Ural is Mount Narodnaya, which rises up to 1895 m.

On such a vast territory, accordingly, there should be a huge natural diversity. It really is. On the Ural you can see everything - forests, steppes, tundra and even glaciers.

Great lovers of nature and all kinds of adventures will be more than interested here. Many mountains and caves, rivers and lakes, forests and stone deposits lure people with their mystical beauty and charm. In such places, people can test and test themselves for strength and endurance. Amazing and mysterious places Ural rich in diverse flora. Amazing variety Ural animals.

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In total there are 19 presentations in the topic

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Department of Education of Yuzhnouralsk MDOU of combined type No. 19 "Smile"

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Children senior group"Gnomes", their parents and teachers MDOU - Kindergarten combined type No. 19 "Smile", Yuzhnouralsk.

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Development in children cognitive activity and erudition in the field of knowledge about nature. Development of creative initiative, purposefulness in children in the process of finding answers to the question; Development of curiosity; Raising a sense of belonging and the inseparability of the existence of man and nature; Raising children to love native land and its natural wealth.

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Stages of the project Activities of children and parents Activities of the teacher Stage 1. Identification of the problem. Invite parents to participate in the project. Discussion of the problem; Setting tasks for parents; Identification of issues within the project. Stage 2. Organization of work on the project. Collection of information; Planning joint activities. Organization of cognitive activity of children; Selection of literature, illustrations on the topic; Conducting an excursion. Stage 3. Practical activities by solving the problem. Examination of illustrations, encyclopedias; Drawing; Watching animals at the zoo. Reading Fiction Literature. Organization of work on the project; Coordination of actions of project participants; Providing practical assistance. Stage 4. Project presentation Children's presentation; Lesson Assistance in preparing a presentation.

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We learned what sounds animals make and where they live. They played board games, role-playing games, dramatization games. Created food chains. . Vova R. Yana Sh. Polina S.

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The animals of the Urals are moose, Brown bear, wolves, lynx, wild boars, foxes, hares, roe deer, hedgehogs, squirrels, mouse-like rodents. That all animals molt with the onset of cold weather. Shedding in animals is a gradual change of wool. Instead of summer wool, a new one grows in autumn - thick, fluffy. But some change the color of their fur coat in order to disguise themselves to become invisible, these are such as: Hare - hare - in summer, brown-gray, and in winter - white, Squirrel - reddish in summer and gray in winter, Ermine - brown in summer, white in winter Weasel is yellow-brown in summer and pure white in winter. Roe deer are red in summer and gray in winter. Squirrel Roe deer ermine Arctic fox Weasel hare

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Preparing for winter, animals behave differently. Squirrel, makes stocks. Dries mushrooms, berries, collects nuts, acorns, cones. Others arrange and insulate the dwelling: a bear - a den, a squirrel - a hollow, a hedgehog - a mink, a fox - a hole. (dry leaves, moss, feathers, wool). They hibernate - a bear, a hedgehog, fatten up. Wild boar, elk, hare, wolf, fox find food in the forest all year round. They read Trutneva's poem "Squirrel" They made riddles: Why are there mushrooms on the Christmas tree. Are they sitting on knots? Like a squirrel, I shed a fur coat Not in a basket, not on a shelf, I change gray to white. Not in the moss, not under the leaf - I'll hide under the bush, By the trunk and among the branches. I will sit down under a pine tree, they are not worn on knots. see, the beast does not recognize me Milk mushrooms, mushrooms, bruises, forest. Fat mushrooms - And I eat in the frozen winter Not in dry autumn grass, berries, bark. And put on bitches! Who arranged them so cleverly? We played games in search and cognitive Who cleared rubbish from mushrooms? character: Why do foxes and squirrels have such fluffy tails? Why do rabbits have such long sharp teeth? Can the forest be called home? Lada P. Yana Sh. Anya N.